CN104990800A - Apparatus for testing propping effect of solid propping agent in hydraulic fracturing fluid, and method thereof - Google Patents
Apparatus for testing propping effect of solid propping agent in hydraulic fracturing fluid, and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104990800A CN104990800A CN201510459937.XA CN201510459937A CN104990800A CN 104990800 A CN104990800 A CN 104990800A CN 201510459937 A CN201510459937 A CN 201510459937A CN 104990800 A CN104990800 A CN 104990800A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an apparatus for testing the propping effect of a solid propping agent in a hydraulic fracturing fluid, and a method thereof. The apparatus comprises a sample slot seat, an X ray detector, a high-pressure water injection pump and a pressure tester. X-ray scanning, medical imaging, hydraulic fracturing and mechanical test are integrated to solve the test problem of the effect of a water-based fracturing fluid solid propping agent used in a shale gas exploitation hydraulic fracturing technology for the first time, especially imaging of the solid propping agent through the medical imaging technology is innovated, and the propping effect of the solid propping agent is assessed through tracking and observing the fluid state of the solid propping agent in a shale core crack and testing the absorption amount of the fracturing fluid backflow rock core to X-ray. The method is provided for the first time, is scientific and reliable, allows obtained experiment data to be accurate, and cannot be substituted by present other technologies.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to rock mechanics, material engineering, development of resources new technical field, particularly a kind of devices and methods therefor testing Selid propping agent support effect in hydrofrac fluid, be mainly used in shale gas exploitation hydrofrac fluid measure of merit.
Background technology
Horizontal well in segments multi-stage water power fracturing technique is one of shale gas exploitation core technology.To carry out waterfrac treatment to shale gas reservoir be by aqueous fracturing fluid with the pump pressure higher than formation-parting pressure, adopts the technique such as multistage fracturing, refracturing to inject shale bed by sequence by horizontal well.Aqueous fracturing fluid is in clear water, add the adjuvants such as a small amount of drag reducer, stabilizing agent, surfactant, the aqueous fracturing fluid successful added after propping agent is better than not with effect during propping agent, propping agent can allow crack still be held open state after fracturing liquid returns, thus obtain the exploitation of more high efficiency shale gas, aqueous fracturing fluid cost is low, formation damage is little, is that current shale gas develops topmost fracturing technique.
In aqueous fracturing fluid, the principal ingredient of contained Selid propping agent is silicon dioxide (as haydite, silica sand etc.), and for the preferred type of Selid propping agent, people choose the sandrock mines of high-quality sand usually as seedbed of drawing materials.In correlative study achievement, Ding Ziwei (2010) studies the sandstone (being called St.Peter sandstone) that the Pattison sandstone ore deposit of U.S. Iowa is exploited, think that its grain size and shape are evenly, can be used as the important sources of Selid propping agent.By from amechanical angle analysis, St.Peter sandstone has very unique mechanical property: extremely low cohesion (almost nil), greatly angle of internal friction (reaching as high as 69 °, average out to 57 ° ~ 63 °), extremely low porosity, high broken swollen property; Respect during season sunlight (2014) controls to study to discharge opeing and proppant backflow after horizontal well pressure, by API propping agent flow conductivity test experiments instrument, test with the situation of shaking out the flow conductivity of different Selid propping agent, these study the test concentrated on Selid propping agent mechanical properties of rock.And the sandstone possessing special mechanical property whether can close waterfrac treatment after crack, shale bed play support and the effect of conducting, also need the further inspection of production practices.
The shortcoming of prior art is as follows:
1. poor reliability, the computing method supporting percentage of damage (η) have departed from prime stratum environment, are the experiment of pure pressure.Disclosed in Chinese Patent Application No. 201210496497.1, namely a kind of resistant to breakage aptitude tests method proposed method of resin coated propping agent is to be exerted pressure rear support agent quality (m by sieved through sieve
2) and initial quality (m
3) ratio, calculate propping agent percentage of damage (η), this method poor reliability, and in actual hydraulic fracturing job, whether Selid propping agent can meet requirement of strength, this still needs practice test;
2. degree of accuracy is low, and test result error is large, by injecting fracturing liquid to experimental provision inner support agent filling bed, and test and corresponding proppant pack layer thickness and proppant backflow swallowing-capacity under recording closure stress, the support effect of assessment propping agent.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve the deficiency of prior art problem and a kind of devices and methods therefor testing Selid propping agent support effect in hydrofrac fluid is provided.
For achieving the above object, the present invention implements according to following technical scheme:
A kind of device testing Selid propping agent support effect in hydrofrac fluid, comprise and can load mechanics device, sample groove seat and X ray detect machine, core is provided with in described sample groove seat, core is drilled with central small hole, capillary brass pipe is inserted in central small hole, the end of described capillary brass pipe connects high pressure water-injection pump and tank, the aqueous fracturing fluid of hybrid solid propping agent is filled in tank, the described mechanics device that loads comprises taking over a business, the support of chassis and connecting rod composition, spoke pressure transducer, digital display meter, computing machine, lifting jack, load plate, the uniform stone roller of stress, oil pressure pump and flowmeter, load plate to be arranged on connecting rod and can to move up and down along connecting rod, spoke pressure transducer is arranged at lower surface, spoke pressure transducer connects digital display meter and computing machine, sample groove seat is arranged between spoke sensor and load plate, the uniform stone roller of stress is arranged on load plate lower surface, the bottom of lifting jack is fixed on chassis, the top of lifting jack is connected with uniform the cutting or polish jade with an emery wheel of stress, described lifting jack is connected with oil pressure pump, flowmeter is provided with between oil pressure pump and lifting jack, described X ray detects machine by metallic target, X-ray tube, x-ray dose instrument A, x-ray dose instrument B, receiver, EHV transformer, controller and computing machine composition, x-ray dose instrument A and x-ray dose instrument B is oppositely arranged and tests X ray respectively to the incident dose of core and exit dose, sample groove seat is arranged between x-ray dose instrument A and x-ray dose instrument B, x-ray dose instrument A is arranged at X-ray tube front end, X-ray tube end connection metal target, metallic target connects EHV transformer, EHV transformer is connection control device and computing machine successively, receiver is arranged at the back side of x-ray dose instrument B and is connected by cable with X-ray tube.
As preferred version of the present invention, described sample groove seat is made up of groove seat under groove seat on sample and sample, on sample, groove seat lower end is provided with groove, under sample, groove seat upper end is inserted in groove, on described sample, the recess edge of groove seat is provided with rubber sheet gasket, and described core is arranged in the groove on sample under groove seat and sample between groove seat.
As preferred version of the present invention, described lifting jack is also provided with speed-regulating switch.
As preferred version of the present invention, described sample groove seat is made up of tempered glass materials.
As preferred version of the present invention, the diameter of the central small hole of described core is 5mm, and the degree of depth is 170mm.
By the method for Selid propping agent support effect in above-mentioned device to test hydrofrac fluid, comprise the following steps:
1) choose diameter of phi=100mm from core storehouse, height H=200mm core is as test material;
2) to core drilling, to execute Φ be 5mm depth H is the central small hole of 170mm;
3) core be placed in sample groove seat and connect high pressure water-injection pump by capillary brass pipe;
4) be mixed in the aqueous fracturing fluid in tank after Selid propping agent contrast solution being soaked;
5) starting pressure testing machine is loaded on fixation pressure, starts oil pressure pump and regulates oil pressure flow velocity to control the loading of core in jack pair sample groove seat;
6) start X ray and detect machine observation propping agent flow state in drilling core fractures;
7) test and record inject the of the fracturing fluid core of fixed amount to x-ray dose uptake;
8) core started in oil pressure pump control jack pair sample groove seat carries out extruding thus control fracturing liquid refluxes and records capacity of returns;
9) start X ray and detect the state of Selid propping agent in drilling core fractures in machine observation closing of fracture fracturing liquid reflux course;
10) test and the core after recording fracturing liquid backflow are to x-ray dose uptake.
Compared with prior art, the present invention is directed to the aqueous fracturing fluid Selid propping agent measure of merit problem used in shale gas exploitation hydraulic fracturing technology, adopt X-ray scanning first, medical science radiography, waterfrac treatment and mechanical test complex art means, especially with medical science shadowgraph technique to the radiography of Selid propping agent for innovation, by following the tracks of and observe the flow state of Selid propping agent in shale core crack and the core after the backflow of mini-frac liquid to X-ray absorption, assessment Selid propping agent support effect, this method proposes first, science is reliable, the experimental data obtained is accurate, other technology existing can not be substituted.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation loading mechanics device of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the cut-open view of sample groove seat;
Fig. 4 is process flow diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the invention will be further described, is used for explaining the present invention in this illustrative examples of inventing and explanation, but not as a limitation of the invention.
As Fig. 1, a kind of device testing Selid propping agent support effect in hydrofrac fluid shown in Fig. 2, comprise and can load mechanics device, sample groove seat and X ray detect machine, core 10 is provided with in described sample groove seat, core 10 is drilled with central small hole 11, capillary brass pipe 12 is inserted in central small hole 11, the end of capillary brass pipe 12 connects high pressure water-injection pump 13 and tank 28, the aqueous fracturing fluid of hybrid solid propping agent is filled in tank 28, mechanics device can be loaded and comprise taking over a business 22, the support that chassis 23 and connecting rod 24 form, spoke pressure transducer 14, digital display meter 15, computing machine 8, lifting jack 18, load plate 25, the uniform stone roller 17 of stress, oil pressure pump 21 and flowmeter 20, load plate 25 to be arranged on connecting rod 24 and can to move up and down along connecting rod 24, spoke pressure transducer 14 is arranged at 22 lower surfaces, spoke pressure transducer 14 connects digital display meter 15 and computing machine 8, sample groove seat is arranged between spoke sensor 14 and load plate 25, the uniform stone roller 17 of stress is arranged on load plate 25 lower surface, the bottom of lifting jack 18 is fixed on chassis 23, the top of lifting jack 18 is connected with the uniform stone roller 17 of stress, described lifting jack 18 is connected with oil pressure pump 21, flowmeter 20 is provided with between oil pressure pump 21 and lifting jack 18, X ray detects machine by metallic target 1, X-ray tube 2, x-ray dose instrument A3, x-ray dose instrument B4, receiver 5, EHV transformer 6, controller 7 and computing machine 8 form, x-ray dose instrument A3 and x-ray dose instrument B4 is oppositely arranged and tests X ray respectively to the incident dose of core 10 and exit dose, sample groove seat is arranged between x-ray dose instrument A3 and x-ray dose instrument B4, x-ray dose instrument A3 is arranged at X-ray tube 2 front end, X-ray tube 2 end connection metal target 1, metallic target 1 connects EHV transformer 6, EHV transformer 6 is connection control device 7 and computing machine 8 successively, receiver 5 is arranged at the back side of x-ray dose instrument B4 and is connected by cable with X-ray tube 2.
Concrete, as shown in Figure 3, sample groove seat is made up of groove seat 9 under groove seat 16 on sample and sample, on sample, groove seat 16 lower end is provided with groove 27, under sample, groove seat 9 upper end is inserted in groove 27, on sample, groove 27 edge of groove seat 16 is provided with rubber sheet gasket 26, and core 10 is arranged in the groove 27 on sample under groove seat 16 and sample between groove seat 9.
Further, in order to the governing speed of lifting jack 18 can be controlled, lifting jack 18 is also provided with speed-regulating switch 19.
As one preferred embodiment, sample groove seat is made up of tempered glass materials, selects tempered glass as the starting material of processing sample groove seat, which avoid because design in the past selects the metal materials such as steel too high and affect image effect on X-ray absorption.
As one preferred embodiment, in order to make test effect more accurately good, the diameter of the central small hole of core 10 is 5mm, and the degree of depth is 170mm.
As shown in Figure 4, by the method for Selid propping agent support effect in above-mentioned device to test hydrofrac fluid, comprise the following steps:
1) choose diameter of phi=100mm from core storehouse, height H=200mm core is as test material;
2) to core drilling, to execute Φ be 5mm depth H is the central small hole of 170mm;
3) core be placed in sample groove seat and connect high pressure water-injection pump by capillary brass pipe;
4) be mixed in the aqueous fracturing fluid in tank after Selid propping agent contrast solution being soaked;
5) starting pressure testing machine is loaded on fixation pressure, starts oil pressure pump and regulates oil pressure flow velocity to control the loading of core in jack pair sample groove seat;
6) start X ray and detect machine observation propping agent flow state in drilling core fractures;
7) test and record inject the of the fracturing fluid core of fixed amount to x-ray dose uptake;
8) core started in oil pressure pump control jack pair sample groove seat carries out extruding thus control fracturing liquid refluxes and records capacity of returns;
9) start X ray and detect the state of Selid propping agent in drilling core fractures in machine observation closing of fracture fracturing liquid reflux course;
10) test and the core after recording fracturing liquid backflow are to x-ray dose uptake.
The present invention passes through by X-ray scanning, medical science radiography, waterfrac treatment and mechanical test complex art means, by design shale bed core hydraulic fracturing experiments, mainly solves following three aspect problems:
1. obtain the inner waterfrac treatment Crack Extension of core and Selid propping agent fractions distribution image;
Selid propping agent is as haydite, and sand grains has high porosity characteristic, therefore fluid-absorbing contrast preparation cardiografin, soaks the Selid propping agent after contrast solution under X-ray scanning image in high definition transom point.Therefore waterfrac treatment is carried out to shale bed core, inject the propping agent fracturing liquid after soaking contrast preparation, the inner waterfrac treatment Crack Extension of core and Selid propping agent fractions distribution image can be obtained by X-ray scanning technology;
2. achieve the propping agent resistant to breakage aptitude tests under accurate simulation virgin stress field condition;
Calculate shale bed primary stress field size, confined pressure loading is carried out to shale bed core, by spoke pressure transducer and hydraulic jack controlled loading power, after core internal fissure is closed and fracturing liquid refluxes, the core inner transom point image after fracturing liquid backflow is obtained by X-ray scanning, by calculating transom point imagery coverage, Selid propping agent resistant to breakage ability can be evaluated.
3. obtain the medical image index amount of Selid propping agent support lock sand effect.
Waterfrac treatment fracturing liquid Selid propping agent support effect relies on fracturing liquid capacity of returns usually, and the indexs such as sand production rate are evaluated.The Selid propping agent soaking contrast solution (cardiografin) is higher to X-radiation absorption rate, and this special train, by calculating fracturing liquid backflow front and back core to the uptake (Δ Gray) of X-ray, assesses propping agent lock sand effect.
Technical scheme of the present invention is not limited to the restriction of above-mentioned specific embodiment, the technology distortion that every technical scheme according to the present invention is made, and all falls within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. test the device of Selid propping agent support effect in hydrofrac fluid for one kind, it is characterized in that: comprise and can load mechanics device, sample groove seat and X ray detect machine, core is provided with in described sample groove seat, core is drilled with central small hole, capillary brass pipe is inserted in central small hole, the end of described capillary brass pipe connects high pressure water-injection pump and tank, the aqueous fracturing fluid of hybrid solid propping agent is filled in tank, the described mechanics device that loads comprises taking over a business, the support of chassis and connecting rod composition, spoke pressure transducer, digital display meter, computing machine, lifting jack, load plate, the uniform stone roller of stress, oil pressure pump and flowmeter, load plate to be arranged on connecting rod and can to move up and down along connecting rod, spoke pressure transducer is arranged at lower surface, spoke pressure transducer connects digital display meter and computing machine, sample groove seat is arranged between spoke sensor and load plate, the uniform stone roller of stress is arranged on load plate lower surface, the bottom of lifting jack is fixed on chassis, the top of lifting jack is connected with uniform the cutting or polish jade with an emery wheel of stress, described lifting jack is connected with oil pressure pump, flowmeter is provided with between oil pressure pump and lifting jack, described X ray detects machine by metallic target, X-ray tube, x-ray dose instrument A, x-ray dose instrument B, receiver, EHV transformer, controller and computing machine composition, x-ray dose instrument A and x-ray dose instrument B is oppositely arranged and tests X ray respectively to the incident dose of core and exit dose, sample groove seat is arranged between x-ray dose instrument A and x-ray dose instrument B, x-ray dose instrument A is arranged at X-ray tube front end, X-ray tube end connection metal target, metallic target connects EHV transformer, EHV transformer is connection control device and computing machine successively, receiver is arranged at the back side of x-ray dose instrument B and is connected by cable with X-ray tube.
2. the device of Selid propping agent support effect in test hydrofrac fluid according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described sample groove seat is made up of groove seat under groove seat on sample and sample, on sample, groove seat lower end is provided with groove, under sample, groove seat upper end is inserted in groove, on described sample, the recess edge of groove seat is provided with rubber sheet gasket, and described core is arranged in the groove on sample under groove seat and sample between groove seat.
3. the device of Selid propping agent support effect in test hydrofrac fluid according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described lifting jack is also provided with speed-regulating switch.
4. the device of Selid propping agent support effect in test hydrofrac fluid according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described sample groove seat is made up of tempered glass materials.
5. the device of Selid propping agent support effect in test hydrofrac fluid according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the diameter of the central small hole of described core is 5mm, and the degree of depth is 170mm.
6. a method of testing Selid propping agent support effect in hydrofrac fluid as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
1) choose diameter of phi=100mm from core storehouse, height H=200mm core is as test material;
2) to core drilling, to execute Φ be 5mm depth H is the central small hole of 170mm;
3) core be placed in sample groove seat and connect high pressure water-injection pump by capillary brass pipe;
4) be mixed in the aqueous fracturing fluid in tank after Selid propping agent contrast solution being soaked;
5) starting pressure testing machine is loaded on fixation pressure, starts oil pressure pump and regulates oil pressure flow velocity to control the loading of core in jack pair sample groove seat;
6) start X ray and detect machine observation propping agent flow state in drilling core fractures;
7) test and record inject the of the fracturing fluid core of fixed amount to x-ray dose uptake;
8) core started in oil pressure pump control jack pair sample groove seat carries out extruding thus control fracturing liquid refluxes and records capacity of returns;
9) start X ray and detect the state of Selid propping agent in drilling core fractures in machine observation closing of fracture fracturing liquid reflux course;
10) test and the core after recording fracturing liquid backflow are to x-ray dose uptake.
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| CN110439535B (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2024-05-14 | 西南石油大学 | Tectorial membrane proppant sand control capability testing arrangement |
| CN113295537A (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2021-08-24 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Test method for evaluating seepage capability of unconventional reservoir fracturing fracture |
| CN113216924A (en) * | 2021-06-22 | 2021-08-06 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method for measuring proppant breakage rate |
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