CN106322977B - The flow control method of drier and thermal-arrest liquid - Google Patents

The flow control method of drier and thermal-arrest liquid Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106322977B
CN106322977B CN201610792307.9A CN201610792307A CN106322977B CN 106322977 B CN106322977 B CN 106322977B CN 201610792307 A CN201610792307 A CN 201610792307A CN 106322977 B CN106322977 B CN 106322977B
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China
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heat
thermal
liquid
collector
arrest
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CN106322977A (en
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徐荣吉
张晓晖
栾义涛
王华生
范志杨
刘明宣
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Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture
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Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B23/00—Heating arrangements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of drier and the flow control method of thermal-arrest liquid, drier includes drying box and solar thermal collector, and heat collector includes shell and is placed in the intracorporal thermal-arrest portion of the shell；Wherein, the thermal-arrest portion includes feed liquor separating tube, goes out liquid collector tube and be placed in pulsating heat pipe heat collection unit between the two；Wherein, each pulsating heat pipe heat collection unit includes compound parabolic concentrator, pulsating heat pipe heat dump and double-tube heat exchanger, pulsating heat pipe heat dump is formed by several groups evaporator section and condensation segment interval, evaporator section is placed in the compound parabolic concentrator across column, the both ends of the sheath body of described sleeve pipe heat exchanger are connected to the feed liquor separating tube and the liquid collector tube out respectively, and the condensation segment is placed in the sheath body；Thermal-arrest liquid the feed liquor separating tube, it is described go out form flow path between liquid collector tube and at least part described sleeve pipe heat exchanger.Drier of the invention can meet dry demand by adjusting the process of thermal-arrest liquid.

Description

The flow control method of drier and thermal-arrest liquid
Technical field
The present invention relates to too can radiant heat energy utilize field, and in particular to the process control of a kind of drier and thermal-arrest liquid Method processed.
Background technique
The thermal-arrest liquid in solar thermal collector is by free convection or pump flowing at present.Heat-collecting temperature and flow are passively adjusted Section, can not according to actual needs dynamic by adjusting operating status (heat-collecting temperature and flow) to adapt to weather and use demand Variation；And solar thermal collector generallys use the heat-absorbent surface of slab construction to absorb solar energy, and the temperature of heat-absorbent surface is universal It is higher than absorbing pipe temperature, it forms a hyperthermia radiation face and leaks hot face, influence collecting efficiency.
At present for the improvement of solar thermal collector, carried out primarily directed to the heat-collecting temperature of heat collector.Such as in vacuum tube Insertion metal tube is in heat collector to change fluid flow, or segment set thermal flow process is carried out in the thermal-collecting tube of flat plate collector Arranged in series etc..But it is extremely limited to the optimization of solar thermal collector, how fundamentally to change the heat-collecting capacity of heat collector with And the utilization rate of heat collector is improved, so that heat collector is run according to use demand adjust automatically thermal-arrest liquid flow high efficiency, is still The problem of to be advanced optimized.
It is dried using solar thermal collector thermal-arrest very widely used.But the collection in current solar thermal collector Hot liquid is influenced by free convection or pump flowing, heat-collecting temperature by solar radiation, and heat-collecting temperature sum aggregate thermal fluctuation is big, can not According to the actual demand dynamic regulation of drier.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem
How the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to adjust the heat-collecting temperature of thermal-arrest liquid according to the demand of drier And heat-collecting capacity.
Solution
In view of this, An embodiment provides a kind of drier, which includes：Drying box；And Solar thermal collector comprising shell and be placed in the intracorporal thermal-arrest portion of the shell；
Wherein, the thermal-arrest portion includes feed liquor separating tube, goes out liquid collector tube and be placed in pulsating heat pipe collection between the two Hot cell；
Wherein, the pulsating heat pipe heat collection unit includes compound parabolic concentrator, pulsating heat pipe heat dump and sleeve heat exchange Device, pulsating heat pipe heat dump are formed by several groups evaporator section and condensation segment interval, and evaporator section is placed in the compound parabolic across column Condenser, the both ends of the sheath body of described sleeve pipe heat exchanger are connected to the feed liquor separating tube and the liquid collector tube out respectively, institute Condensation segment is stated to be placed in the sheath body；
Working medium in the evaporator section absorb by the compound parabolic concentrator reflect too can be after radiation energy, by heat It is transmitted to the condensation segment and exchanges heat with the thermal-arrest liquid in described sleeve pipe heat exchanger, the thermal-arrest liquid is in the feed liquor Separating tube, it is described go out to form flow path between liquid collector tube and at least part described sleeve pipe heat exchanger, and with physics Under the premise of meaning, the number of the described sleeve pipe heat exchanger of the flow path can be accessed by adjustable mode；
The drying box makes the flow path form closed loop.
For above-mentioned drier, in one possible implementation, the feed liquor separating tube and the liquid collector tube out On several electrically operated valves are distributed with, by adjusting the switch state of each electrically operated valve, the motor-driven valve in open state Door can adjust thermal-arrest liquid in the feed liquor separating tube, described formed between liquid collector tube and described sleeve pipe heat exchanger out , the flow path of multistage pulsating heat pipe heat dump heat absorption；Wherein, to swim over to the direction in downstream on feed liquor separating tube as pulsation heat The incremental direction of the heat absorption series of tube heat sucker, then endotherm area >=place of the pulsating heat pipe heat dump of the higher high-temperature level of series In the endotherm area of the pulsating heat pipe heat dump of the lower low-temperature level of series.
It further include control unit in one possible implementation for above-mentioned drier, it is equal with each electrically operated valve To be electrically connected, for adjusting the switch state of each electrically operated valve；It is each described electronic for being adjusted through the control unit For the flow path that the switch state of valve is formed, on the incremental direction of the heat absorption series of pulsating heat pipe heat dump, work as arteries and veins When total heat absorption series of dynamic heat pipe receiver is odd number, the electrically operated valve of the most downstream on the feed liquor separating tube should be closed It closes, the electrically operated valve of the most downstream on the liquid collector tube out should be opened；When the heat absorption series of pulsating heat pipe heat dump It is on the contrary when for even number.
For above-mentioned drier, in one possible implementation, adjusting flow is additionally provided on the feed liquor separating tube Control valve adjusts flow of the thermal-arrest liquid in the flow path by adjusting the aperture for adjusting flow control valve.
For above-mentioned drier, in one possible implementation, the solar thermal collector further includes sensor group, It includes：First sensor group is set to the upstream of the feed liquor separating tube, for detecting thermal-arrest liquid in the feature of entrance Parameter；Second sensor group is set to the downstream of the liquid collector tube out, joins for detecting feature of the thermal-arrest liquid in exit Number；3rd sensor group is set in environment locating for the solar thermal collector, for detecting environmental parameter；And it is dry Temperature sensor is set in the drying box, for detecting leaving air temp；Above-mentioned (first, second, third) sensor group And drying temperature sensor is electrically connected with the control unit respectively, it is each described for adjusting for being provided to the control unit The basic parameter of the switch state of electrically operated valve.
Preferably, using the axial direction of the capillary heat dump as length direction, the compound parabolic concentrator with it is described Capillary heat dump is adapted in the size of the length direction, and the range of the interception ratio of the compound parabolic concentrator is 0~4/ 5.Preferably, the pulsating heat pipe heat dump is placed in along its length on the focal circle of the compound parabolic concentrator, and described Caliber≤4mm of pulsating heat pipe heat dump.
For above-mentioned drier, in one possible implementation, by the set heat exchanger of the two-way or more Parallel connection forms double-tube heat exchanger pipe group, and the inlet and outlet of described sleeve pipe Tube Sheet of Heat Exchanger group pass through second level dispenser and the feed liquor respectively Separating tube is connected to the liquid collector tube out.
Of the invention additionally provides a kind of flow control method of thermal-arrest liquid, which includes：Control unit The parameter and operation data of solar thermal collector are acquired, also the acquisition intracorporal leaving air temp of drying box；Control unit is based on described Parameter, the operation data and the leaving air temp, to corresponding solar thermal collector under selected current drying mode Objective function optimizes；Control unit obtains the corresponding feed liquor liquid separation set on solar thermal collector when objective function is optimal value Pipe and out the target switch state of each electrically operated valve on liquid collector tube；Wherein, the optimal value is given temperature and flow Lower minimum pump work；The switch state of electrically operated valve is adjusted to target switch state by control unit, so that the collection of solar thermal collector Hot liquid in feed liquor separating tube, go out to form adjustable flow path between liquid collector tube, double-tube heat exchanger and drying box.
For above-mentioned flow control method, in one possible implementation, which further includes：Control The information that portion shows the leaving air temp and obtained according to the parameter and operation data, including：The disengaging of thermal-arrest liquid Liquid temperature, flow and pressure difference；Current environmental parameter；And the current switch state of each electrically operated valve；Storage is dry The parameter and operation data of dry device, recall for subsequent.
Beneficial effect
Drier of the invention improves the stability and efficiency of power generator, specifically, poly- by using compound parabolic The pulsating heat pipe heat collection unit of light device, pulsating heat pipe heat dump and double-tube heat exchanger composition improves collecting efficiency, and passes through The flow path for changing thermal-arrest liquid adjusts collecting efficiency, and the heat-collecting temperature and heat-collecting capacity for improving solar thermal collector are to drying The adaptability of the dry demand of the difference of device.
Detailed description of the invention
When considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the present invention can be more completely and better understood.Attached drawing described herein is used to provide A further understanding of the present invention, examples and descriptions thereof are used to explain the present invention, does not constitute improper limitations of the present invention.
Fig. 1 show the drier of one embodiment of the invention structural schematic diagram one (thermal-arrest liquid be liquid, have heat exchange Device)；Fig. 2 shows the solar thermal collector schematic cross-sectional views of the drier of one embodiment of the invention；It is another that Fig. 3 shows the present invention The structural schematic diagram of the drier of a embodiment (thermal-arrest liquid is gaseous state, convection drying).
Fig. 4 shows the logic diagram of the control unit of the solar thermal collector of the drier of one embodiment of the present of invention；Figure 5-1 shows a kind of logical box of embodiment of the control unit of the solar thermal collector of the drier of one embodiment of the present of invention Figure；Fig. 5-2 shows another embodiment of the control unit of the solar thermal collector of the drier of one embodiment of the present of invention Logic diagram；Fig. 6 shows a kind of optimization side of the control unit of the solar thermal collector of the drier of one embodiment of the present of invention The logic diagram of formula.
Reference signs list
1, feed liquor separating tube 2, pulsating heat pipe heat dump 3, go out liquid collector tube 4, compound parabolic concentrator 5, electrically operated valve 61, First temperature sensor 62, second temperature sensor 63, third temperature sensor 64, drying temperature sensor 7, flow sensor 81, the first differential pressure pickup measuring point 82, the second differential pressure pickup measuring point 9, flow control valve 10, air velocity transducer 11, sun spoke Penetrate sensor 14, heat exchanger 15, drying box 16, working medium pump 17, signal wire 18, bottom plate 19, insulating layer 20, frame 21, cover board Glass 22, double-tube heat exchanger.
Specific embodiment
The technical scheme of the present invention will be explained in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drier of the invention belongs to a kind of application of solar thermal collector (hereinafter referred to as heat collector).Specifically, By heat collector as drying source, it is dried to the intracorporal object to be dried of logical drying box is attached thereto, more specifically, Thermal-arrest liquid absorption in heat collector can be used as drying source after radiation energy very much.But thermal-arrest liquid herein is not physics meaning Liquid in justice can be such as construed to, with mobile performance and can with heat-carrying, pass hot medium, can be liquid Jie Matter, such as calcium chloride concentrated solution, potassium chloride concentrated solution.It is also possible to other media with identical functions such as gaseous medium, such as Air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, argon gas etc..In the case of thermal-arrest liquid is liquid medium, can be equipped in drying box can So that heat collecting liquid body forms the device (such as heat exchanger) of closed loop, in the case of thermal-arrest liquid is gaseous medium, heat collector is straight Heat drying medium is connect, i.e., no setting is required heat exchanger, the dried medium for being directly full of drying box is connected to heat collector. The present invention by the solar collecting performance to heat collector optimize come so that heat collector collection heat level and drier drying demand More match.
Embodiment 1
Fig. 1 shows the structural schematic diagram of the drier of one embodiment of the invention.The main heat collecting liquid by heat collector The thermal energy that body is absorbed is for drying the intracorporal object to be dried of drying box.It, can and by adjusting the collection heat level of heat collector Meet different heat demands.
As shown in Figure 1, the drier mainly includes in the case of thermal-arrest liquid is liquid medium：Inside is equipped with heat exchange The drying box 15 of device 14 and the heat collector of drying temperature is provided for heat exchanging device, heat collector mainly includes shell and set In the intracorporal thermal-arrest portion of shell；Shell is mainly used as the carrier in thermal-arrest portion, and guarantees that sunlight can penetrate the cover-plate glass of shell 21 expose to thermal-arrest portion.Thermal-arrest portion mainly includes feed liquor separating tube 1, goes out liquid collector tube 3 and be placed in pulsation heat between the two Pipe heat collection unit；Each pulsating heat pipe heat collection unit includes compound parabolic concentrator 4 (CPC), pulsating heat pipe heat dump 2 and casing Heat exchanger 22, pulsating heat pipe heat dump 2 are formed by several groups evaporator section and condensation segment interval, and evaporator section is placed in CPC4 across column, Liquid collector tube 2 is connected to feed liquor separating tube 1 and out respectively at the both ends of the sheath body of double-tube heat exchanger 22, and condensation segment is then changed as casing A part of hot device 22, is placed in sheath body.Working medium in evaporator section absorb by CPC4 reflect too can be after radiation energy, by heat It is transmitted to the condensation segment and exchanges heat with the thermal-arrest liquid in double-tube heat exchanger 22.As a preference, evaporation arranged side by side It is uniform, parallel arrangement mode between section.
In the present invention, the thermal-arrest liquid to heat up is able to after heat exchange in feed liquor separating tube 1, out liquid collector tube 3 and at least one Flow path is formed between part tubular heat exchanger 22, and heat exchanger 14 makes flow path form closed loop, i.e., in heat exchanger 14 Thermal-arrest liquid is pumped into the upstream of feed liquor separating tube 1 after completing functions/drying through working medium pump 16, complete under the control of control unit After the selection of flow path, through going out the downstream inflow heat exchanger 14 of liquid collector tube 3, to the dried object in drying box 15 Body is dried, and so recycles.And under the premise of with physical significance, the flowing can be accessed by adjustable mode The number of the described sleeve pipe heat exchanger 22 in path；Make path variable by certain adjustment mode.
Further as shown in Fig. 2, the structure of shell mainly includes bottom plate 18, frame 20, insulating layer 19 and cover-plate glass 21；Wherein：The cover-plate glass 21 of the upper surface covering high light transmission of frame 20, the inside of the frame 20 in addition to upper surface is equipped with guarantor Warm layer 19；Bottom plate 18 is set to the top of the insulating layer 19 of 20 bottom of frame.
The fixation of pulsating heat pipe heat collection unit is realized by the way that CPC4 is fixed on bottom plate 18.The both ends of double-tube heat exchanger 22 With feed liquor separating tube 1 and out, liquid collector tube 3 is connected respectively, and the thermal-arrest liquid in heat exchanger 14 passes through the thermal-arrest of heat collector upstream Device entrance after the heat for absorbing CPC4 reflection in double-tube heat exchanger 22, is flow to through 1 sleeve pipe heat exchanger 22 of feed liquor separating tube Liquid collector tube 3 out, and inflow heat exchanger 14 is exported by the heat collector in heat collector downstream.
As a preference, pulsating heat pipe is absorbed heat in order to guarantee the stability and thermal conversion efficiency in heat-absorbing structure Device 2 is placed on the position of the focal circle of CPC4, being placed in herein, stricti jurise absolutely not is placed in, but by being generally residing in Positional relationship achievees the effect that collecting efficiency improves, and can such as be construed to the position relative to focal circle, deviation is no more than Certain numerical value can (such as 0.5mm).Have collection heat most intensive since the position is in the range of structures of entire CPC4 Advantage, therefore be conducive to improve the collecting efficiency of pulsating heat pipe heat dump 2.
In a kind of possible embodiment, makes path variable by certain adjustment mode, such as can be, on pipeline Several electrically operated valves 5 are distributed with, by adjusting the switch state of each electrically operated valve 5, so that the thermal-arrest as heat-absorbing medium Liquid is entered after the upstream end of liquid separating tube 1 enters heat collector, the electrically operated valve in open state make thermal-arrest liquid into Liquid separating tube 1 goes out to form adjustable, multistage pulsating heat pipe heat dump heat absorption between liquid collector tube 3 and double-tube heat exchanger 22 Target flow path.Wherein, it is incremented by using the direction for swimming over to downstream on feed liquor separating tube as the heat absorption series of pulsating heat pipe heat dump Direction, then in order to guarantee thermal-arrest have actual meaning, the heat-absorbent surface of the pulsating heat pipe heat dump of the higher high-temperature level of series Product >=pulsating heat pipe heat dump in the lower low-temperature level of series endotherm area.Thermal-arrest liquid is along the target flow path stream In dynamic process, only enters the double-tube heat exchanger 22 that the target flow path is included and absorb the solar radiation reflected by CPC4 After thermal energy, corresponding collection device and/or application are finally flowed out to by the downstream for going out liquid collector tube 3.
By adjusting the switch shape for several electrically operated valves 5 being set between feed liquor separating tube 1 and out liquid collector tube 3 State allows the same heat collector to have different target flow paths, i.e., different collection calorific intensitys according to the actual situation.? In a kind of possible embodiment, the switch state of each electrically operated valve 5 can adjust relatively independently, can also will be therein More than one carries out linkage adjustment as a whole.With further reference to Fig. 1, in a kind of possible embodiment, motor-driven valve Door 5 installation principle can be：Since thermal-arrest liquid enters the upstream of feed liquor separating tube, pass through every time in feed liquor separating tube 1 After double-tube heat exchanger 22 carries out liquid separation to thermal-arrest liquid, installation is incorporated to motor-driven valve on the supervisor in the downstream side of feed liquor separating tube 1 Door 5, from being incorporated to the second road electrically operated valve 5, in the downstream for the corresponding position for going out liquid collector tube 3 that double-tube heat exchanger 22 is connected Also installation is incorporated to electrically operated valve 5 on the supervisor of side.
Certainly, the most basic heat absorbing units of the pulsating heat pipe heat collection unit of heat collector above-mentioned are mainly by small scale The evaporator section of CPC4 and corresponding pulsating heat pipe heat dump 2 is constituted.In a kind of possible embodiment, in double-tube heat exchanger , can be in parallel by double-tube heat exchanger 22 more than two-way or two-way when 22 length is shorter and pipe number is more, form function The double-tube heat exchanger pipe group of single double-tube heat exchanger 22 before capable of being equivalent to, i.e., with the corresponding evaporator section of double-tube heat exchanger pipe group As most basic heat absorbing units, double-tube heat exchanger as several is equipped between feed liquor separating tube 1 and out liquid collector tube 3 Pipe group, but, each double-tube heat exchanger 22 of each double-tube heat exchanger Guan Zuzhong need to realize by second level dispenser its with into Liquid separating tube 1 is connected to liquid collector tube 3 out.
As can be seen that other than using single double-tube heat exchanger 24 as an individual most basic heat exchange unit, It can also be by the formation comparable most basic heat exchange unit of function in parallel of multichannel double-tube heat exchanger 24.To further increase thermal-arrest The collecting efficiency of device.
In addition, the size of the structural integrity in order to guarantee thermal-arrest portion, CPC4 and pulsating heat pipe heat dump 2 in length direction It should be adapted, being adapted herein should be construed as roughly the same, herein roughly the same, can such as be construed to pulsation heat The length of tube heat sucker 2 can be slightly longer, and length difference is no more than some critical numerical value (being no more than 2cm as unilateral).One kind can Can embodiment in, CPC4 interception than range be 0~4/5, and the outer diameter of pulsating heat pipe heat dump 2 no more than 4mm it is (excellent Select 1~4mm, more preferably 2~4mm) in the case of, CPC4 can have and conventional flat plate collector or vacuum tube heat collection function The comparable size of device (such as height≤50mm) can generate in the case of CPC4 is suitable with the conventional size of heat collector The effect of 10 times of focusing ratio is reached as high as compared at least 2~5 times of conventional heat collector, hence it is evident that improve collecting efficiency.This Outside, CPC4 can use the modes machine-shaping such as 3D printing.
As can be seen that the present invention uses CPC4 instead of traditional absorber plate, with capillary absorbing pipe 2 instead of traditional heat pipe Or conventional absorbing pipe, the introducing of CPC4 increase the endothermic heat flow density of pulsating heat pipe heat dump 2, reduce heat dissipation area；By At the position of substantially focal circle that pulsating heat pipe heat dump 2 can be preferably disposed in CPC4 by pulsating heat pipe absorbing pipe 2, therefore The condenser performance of CPC4 is taken full advantage of, so that the temperature of the thermal-arrest liquid in the pulsating heat pipe absorbing pipe 2 inside heat collector can Reach theoretic maximum temperaturerise, under the premise of high temp objects area and leaking heat are reduced, improves the collection of heat collector The thermal efficiency.
It, can be by introducing control unit, to realize the switch to each electrically operated valve 5 in a kind of possible embodiment The adjustment of state.With further reference to Fig. 1, if the feedback result that control unit obtains is so that in five electrically operated valves 5 in Fig. 1 (2,5) (according to be incorporated to sequence, five electrically operated valves 5 successively refer to lower right, it is lower in, a lower left, upper right, upper left side, wherein electronic Valve (2,5) refers to that two electrically operated valves 5 at (lower to neutralize a upper left side) position are in an open state, then forms target flowing road Diameter (process) is as shown by the arrow.But, the stream formed for adjusting the switch state of each electrically operated valve 5 through control unit It is still in order to guarantee that thermal-arrest has practical significance, in the incremental side of the heat absorption series of pulsating heat pipe heat dump 2 for dynamic path Upwards, when the heat absorption series of pulsating heat pipe heat dump 2 is odd number, the electrically operated valve 5 of the most downstream on feed liquor separating tube 1 It should close, and the electrically operated valve 5 for being set to the most downstream on liquid collector tube 3 should be opened；When the suction of pulsating heat pipe heat dump 2 It is when thermal level number is even number, then on the contrary.
As can be seen that being the process that heat collecting liquid body can be changed by the switch state for changing each electrically operated valve 5；By changing The process for becoming thermal-arrest liquid enables to out the downstream of liquid collector tube 3 to have different liquid temperature out, such as：It is complete in electrically operated valve 5 In the case of opening, the target flow path of the thermal-arrest liquid of formation is parallel-connection flow, and the situation opened in part electrically operated valve 5 Under, then the target flow path includes at least a part of serial flow, feelings especially higher in the series for being incorporated to electrically operated valve 5 Under condition, the heat-collecting temperature of thermal-arrest liquid can be significantly hotter than simple parallel-connection flow；Due in above-mentioned parallel-connection flow and serial flow Under (sections in series including all series connection and comprising parallel branch), thermal-arrest liquid is formed by when flowing through double-tube heat exchanger 22 Crushing is different, therefore in the identical situation of flow, can have the pump work of different pumping thermal-arrest liquid.
In addition, being mainly used for as shown in Figure 1, device further includes the sensor group for detecting the operation data of heat collector The parameter acquisition of control unit.Sensor group mainly includes：
I) first sensor group is set to the upstream of feed liquor separating tube 1, for detecting thermal-arrest liquid in heat collector entrance Characteristic parameter, such as be set to thermal-arrest liquid inlet (i.e. the upstream of feed liquor separating tube 1) the first temperature sensor 61, flow Sensor 7 and the first differential pressure pickup measuring point 81 etc.；
Ii) second sensor group is set to the downstream of liquid collector tube 3, exports for detecting thermal-arrest liquid in heat collector The characteristic parameter at place is such as set to 62 He of second temperature sensor in the exit (downstream for going out liquid collector tube 3) of thermal-arrest liquid Second differential pressure pickup measuring point 82 etc.；
Iii) 3rd sensor group is set in environment locating for heat collector, for detecting environmental parameter, is such as placed in environment In third temperature sensor 63, air velocity transducer 10 and solar radiation sensor 11 etc.；And
Iv) drying temperature sensor 64 is set in drying box 15, for detecting the leaving air temp of heat exchanger 14.
Specifically：I), ii), iii) in temperature sensor (61,62,63) at three be respectively used to detection heat collector into and out of The temperature and the environment temperature where heat collector of thermal-arrest liquid at mouthful；I) flow sensor 7 in is for detecting heat collecting liquid The flow of body；I), ii) in differential pressure pickup measuring point (81,82) at two for detect after thermal-arrest liquid flows through heat collector The pressure drop in heat collector exit；Iii the air velocity transducer 10 in) is for testing ambient wind velocity；Iii the solar radiation sensing in) Device 11 is for testing intensity of solar radiation.
Above-mentioned (first, second, third) sensor group and drying temperature sensor 64 are electrically connected with control unit respectively, are used In providing the basic parameter for adjusting the switch state of each electrically operated valve 5 to control unit.I.e. above-mentioned all test datas It is transferred to control unit by signal wire 17, control unit can be placed in inside drying box 15, can also be placed in 15 He of drying box Between heat collector, naturally it is also possible to set on the inside of heat collector.Heat collector provides drying to drying box 15 by heat exchanger 14 Heat source.Heat collector determines drying mode according to the demand of drying temperature, and heat collector is to the corresponding collection hot-die of current drying mode The flow path and flow of thermal-arrest liquid under formula optimize.I.e. control unit by control electrically operated valve 5 switch state come The process for adjusting thermal-arrest liquid, finally realizes different target drying processes.
In addition, control unit is also electrically connected with the flow control valve 9 for the upstream for being set to feed liquor separating tube 1 by the realization of signal wire 17 It connects, by adjusting flow of the aperture of flow control valve 9 come domination set hot liquid in process.
But, the most important function of control unit is for controlling opening for electrically operated valve 5 according to the operation conditions of heat collector Off status；And then change the target flow path of thermal-arrest liquid.As a kind of specific embodiment, with further reference to Fig. 4, control Portion processed is used to complete the Row control to thermal-arrest liquid, which mainly includes following functions：
41) receive capabilities are used to acquire and upload the parameter of heat collector and can characterize heat collector operating status Data (operation data)；
42) processing function, according to the above-mentioned data received, the setting in conjunction with possessed by current collection heat pattern goes out liquid Temperature optimizes the objective function under current collection heat pattern according to certain Optimized Approaches；
It is to be understood that the Optimized Approaches being mentioned above, can be applied to tear choosing and adjustment open using existing, mature Optimization algorithm (such as neural network algorithm, ant group algorithm, one by one than equity), can also be compiled again according to actual needs Journey, or adjustment appropriate is carried out to existing algorithm, as long as can currently to collect by adjusting the switch state of electrically operated valve 5 Objective function under heat pattern is more excellent.
In addition, about current collection heat pattern several can be preset in control unit in a kind of possible embodiment Selected, classical target operational mode, each target operational mode can have specific objective function, so that it is being obtained It is suitable for occasion corresponding with target operational mode in the case where obtaining optimal value.Alternatively, can also control according to the actual situation Some or certain several new target operational modes are increased in portion newly, so that its objective function is fitted in the case where obtaining optimal value For occasion corresponding with new target operational mode.Wherein, the type of optimal value is included at least with the highest temperature under given flow It rises, to making at a temperature of liquid minimum pump work under maximum stream flow and given temperature and flow.
43) feedback function is used to calculate corresponding each electricity when currently integrating the objective function of heat pattern as optimal value The switch state that movable valve 5 should have, i.e., the target switch state of each electrically operated valve 5；
44) function is executed, feedback module is obtained into switch state that each electrically operated valve 5 should have and collected each The current switch state of a electrically operated valve 5 is compared, and executes order accordingly by sending, so that each electrically operated valve 5 Switch state be adjusted to target switch state.
It is, of course, also possible to have other miscellaneous functions such as display, storage, specifically：
45) display function is used to show the real-time running state of heat collector by certain form, such as can be to fortune Row state is classified, and is then shown in the form of " good, normal, overheat " etc., or according to the actual situation and demand, will Certain parameters of operating status are shown, or the operating status that certain parameters are characterized is with animation streams (such as thermal-arrest liquid Flow path etc.) form shown；
46) store function is used to record and store the parameter and operation data of heat collector；Primarily as spare number According to.Such as heat collector can be influenced convenient for obtaining subsequently through the operating status on heat collector by way of recalling data The factor of energy, to improve the research of thermal performance of collectors.It, can be by recalling correlation or when heat collector breaks down Reference data of the data as accident analysis.
With further reference to Fig. 5-1 and Fig. 5-2, in a kind of possible embodiment, control unit may include control device With two component parts of remote control apparatus, by two component parts cooperate to complete control unit should have it is upper State function " 41~46 "；Such as, the division of labor of two parts can be：Control device mainly completes relevant main operational and control etc. Function, and remote control apparatus then mainly completes the functions such as display.Specifically：
Core component of the control device as control unit is mainly integrated with following five functions：
5101) data acquisition function acquires the operation data of heat collector and transmits this data to remote control apparatus, In：Operation data can include but is not limited to：Heat-collecting temperature, flow, the flowing pressure loss of thermal-arrest liquid, environment temperature, wind Speed, one or more of intensity of solar radiation, be mainly used for being calculated according to parameter the fluid temperature rise of heat collector, leaking heat and Crushing etc. characterize the parameter of performance characteristic perhaps certain intermediate parameters or at remote control apparatus end by certain parameters The operating status reflected gives real-time display；And the current switch states of each electrically operated valve 5, as to electrically operated valve 5 Normal condition when switch state is adjusted；
5102) mode confirms function, receives the mode confirmation instruction that remote control apparatus is selected, mode confirmation instruction can To include：Some is selected as current collection heat pattern in several existing heat collector operational modes, or can be according to working as Preceding heat-collecting temperature and flow is manually entered new heat collector operational mode at remote control apparatus end, as current collection hot-die Formula；
5103) calculation function optimizes the objective function under current collection heat pattern, calculates objective function and obtain most The target switch state that corresponding each electrically operated valve 5 should have in the case of the figure of merit, and with reference to it is aforementioned 5101) in benchmark shape State sends corresponding control instruction to each electrically operated valve 5；
5104) storage and writing function, store and record heat collector relevant parameter and operation data (with real time execution The relevant data of state), parameter can include but is not limited to size (such as 2 He of pulsating heat pipe heat dump of each component of heat collector The size of CPC4), operation data can include but is not limited to heat-collecting temperature, flow, thermal-arrest liquid flowing pressure loss, environment temperature Degree, wind speed and intensity of solar radiation etc.；And the switch state of each electrically operated valve 5 is recorded (after current and adjustment ).Storage is primarily to facilitate with writing function when needed recalls data, such as can be, and carries out in the performance to heat collector Research and when overall merit, or when analyzing the failure of heat collector, as reference data.
It, can be with the following functions other than the aforementioned four basic function that should have in most cases：
5105) display function shows to the property of can choose the part real-time running state of heat collector according to actual needs, Including but not limited to heat-collecting temperature, flow, thermal-arrest liquid flowing pressure loss, environment temperature, wind speed, intensity of solar radiation, electricity Movable valve switch state and thermal-arrest liquid flow.Display herein is primarily to facilitate site examining and repairing and the manipulation of heat collector.
And remote control apparatus is then mainly integrated with following two function：
5201) display function, selectively receiving control device acquisition or calculated parameter or data, can be with It is strong including but not limited to receive heat-collecting temperature, flow, thermal-arrest liquid flowing pressure loss, environment temperature, wind speed and solar radiation Degree, is mainly used for being shown accordingly on the display interface that remote control apparatus end has, in order to which user understands currently Heat collector running environment situation and heat collector operating parameter, and the switch state of each electrically operated valve 5 can also be received, and The main operating status that current heat collector is understood convenient for user.
5202) mode confirms function, and sending mode confirmation instruction selects heat collector for control device to control device Current collection heat pattern, and the objective function under present mode is optimized, so that the process of thermal-arrest liquid is optimised.
The calculating that the parameter and operation data that the collected heat collector of control device is mainly explained below can participate in, Such as it is mainly used for the temperature rise of calculating heat collector, the pressure loss of leaking heat sum aggregate hot liquid.
Thermal-arrest liquid can be set in the inlet temperature of heat collector inlet as Tin, the area of heat collector is A, and thermal-arrest liquid exists The outlet temperature T in heat collector exitout, the series (number for being from upstream to the double-tube heat exchanger 22 that downstream includes) of heat collector For n, then the area of each grade of distribution is Ai, it is assumed that intensity of solar radiation I, environment temperature Ta, the flow of thermal-arrest liquid is m；
The then temperature rise of the first order is：
Firstly, the temperature rise of the first order meets following formula (1)
IA1-Ql_1=cm (Tout_1-Tin_1)=cm Δ T1 (1)
In formula, Δ T1For the temperature rise of first order thermal-arrest liquid；C is the specific heat of thermal-arrest liquid；Tin_1First order thermal-arrest liquid Inlet temperature, Tin_1=Tin；Tout_1It is also the entrance temperature of second level thermal-arrest liquid for the outlet temperature of first order thermal-arrest liquid Degree：Tin_2=Tout_1；Ql_1For the leaking heat of first order heat dump,
In formula, h is the convection transfer rate of heat collector outer surface and environment, which only has with ambient wind velocity It closes, h=f (v)；Ah_1For the exterior surface area of first order pulsating heat pipe heat dump 2；The temperature of the thermal-arrest liquid first order then can be obtained It is upgraded to：
If the mean temperature of first order thermal-arrest liquid isThe first stage temperature rise, which then can be obtained, is：
Same calculation method, second level heat collecting liquid body temperature rise calculation formula and are：
IA2-Ql_2=cm (Tout_2-Tin_2)=cm Δ T2 (4)
Then i-stage temperature rise is：
N-th grade of temperature rise is：
If the collector area that can be seen that every level-one pulsating heat pipe heat dump 2 is identical with endotherm area, with series Increase, endothermic temperature is higher and higher, then leaking heat increases therewith；And when series increase to a certain extent after, the suction of heat collector Heat is equal with leaking heat, at this point, the temperature of thermal-arrest liquid reaches highest heat-collecting temperature, will not further increase, subsequent collection Thermal flow process can only waste pump work.Therefore, to improve heat collector goes out liquid temperature, then needs according to every level-one heat collecting liquid body temperature Leaking heat after rising improves the heat dump area of every level-one step by step.
Wherein it is determined that every level-one pipeline number and the calculation method of pressure drop are：
Due to the closing of electrically operated valve 5 is to make the process change of thermal-arrest liquid, the process of thermal-arrest liquid Decision process is mainly the electrically operated valve 5 found and be in close state in process.The determination method of detailed process is：
First determine whether single process, i.e., whether the double-tube heat exchanger 22 of all sockets be parallel connection.When meet except into Except the electrically operated valve 5 of liquid separating tube most end level-one is in close state, other all electrically operated valves 5 are all opening state Under situation, thermal-arrest liquid is single parallel-connection flow.
It is not single parallel-connection flow in thermal-arrest liquid, i.e., in the case of thermal-arrest liquid is multipaths, divides first in feed liquor Liquid pipe 1 finds the electrically operated valve 5 of first closing.That is j=1, i are gradually increased since 1, as a (x, 1)=0, then first-class The pipeline number of journey is x；Then the electrically operated valve 5 of second closing is found on liquid collector tube 3 out, i.e. j=2, i continue to increase from x Add, as a (y, 2)=0, then the pipeline number of second procedure is y-x；Then the electrically operated valve 5 of next closing should be in feed liquor point In liquid pipe 1, then, the electrically operated valve 5 of next closing is found on feed liquor separating tube 1, i.e. j=1, i are continued growing from y, work as a When (z, 2)=0, then the pipeline number of third process is z-y；And so on can obtain every level-one pipeline number until i=n-1. Two electrically operated valves 5 of last column are finally flowed out from liquid collector tube 3 out for domination set hot liquid, last electrically operated valve 5 Switch state controlled by process number：When process pipeline number is odd number, the electrically operated valve 5 on feed liquor separating tube 1 is to close, The valve on liquid collector tube 3 is to open out；When process number is even number, the electrically operated valve 5 on feed liquor separating tube 1 is to open , the electrically operated valve 5 on liquid collector tube 3 is to close out.
Entire heat collector can be calculated after determining the number for completing process and the double-tube heat exchanger 22 in each process The pressure drop of thermal-arrest liquid.Its sum of pressure drop for being equal to every level-one.And the pressure drop of every level-one be equal to double-tube heat exchanger 22 along journey pressure The sum of drop and partial drop of pressure.Wherein：
Single double-tube heat exchanger 22 is along journey pressure drop：
In formula, λ is that, since the flowing of thermal-arrest liquid is generally laminar flow, can use along journey pressure-drop coefficientL For the length of tube that absorbs heat；V is the flow velocity of thermal-arrest liquid in absorbing pipe；G is acceleration of gravity；Re is the Reynolds number of thermal-arrest liquid；ρ is Thermal-arrest fluid density；D is heat absorption pipe outside diameter；μ is thermal-arrest liquid dynamic viscosity；
Partial drop of pressure is：
In formula, ξ is partial drop of pressure coefficient, since the partial drop of pressure of heat collector is mainly that feed liquor separating tube 1 arrives sleeve heat exchange Pressure drop caused by device 22, double-tube heat exchanger 22 to the caliber mutation and flow direction for going out liquid collector tube 3, such as in a kind of specific reality It applies in mode, ξ can be taken as 1.
Further, by formula (8) it is found that outlet temperature and solar radiation for the thermal-arrest liquid of multistage heat collector are strong Degree, heat collector area, heat dump area, the hot coefficient of heat transfer of leakage, environment temperature, thermal-arrest specific heat of liquid and flow have relationship.Therefore In the case of given thermal-arrest class of liquids, it is believed that the specific heat of thermal-arrest liquid is constant；In given intensity of solar radiation Under under situation, heat collector goes out liquid temperature and environment temperature, flow, the area that goes out liquid heat collector 3, pulsating heat pipe heat dump 2 The relating to parameters such as area, the hot coefficient of heat transfer of leakage, i.e.,：
And it is related with wind speed to leak hot coefficient, i.e.,：
Tout_i=f (v, Ah_n,An,m,Ta) (12)
And the energy utilization efficiency of heat collector, in addition to thermal-arrest liquid caloric receptivity mutually outside the Pass, also with pumping thermal-arrest The pump work of liquid is related.Specifically：Heat collector net efficiency=(heat collecting liquid body temperature liter-pump work)/solar radiation energy.And pump work Then there is relationship with the flow of thermal-arrest liquid and process.That is, to obtain the net energy utilization efficiency of higher heat collector, Under the premise of meeting the feed flow temperature and flow of thermal-arrest liquid, the process of thermal-arrest liquid is reasonably planned, and by the greatest extent Amount reduces the pressure drop of thermal-arrest liquid to reduce pump work.
Therefore, it under the conditions of different solar radiations, can pulse by adjusting the switch state of electrically operated valve 5 to adjust The area of heat pipe receiver 2 and adjust heat collector by the area of heat collector and flow go out liquid temperature and net energy benefit Use efficiency.If the operating mode of heat collector may include following three kinds of target operational modes：
1) maximum temperaturerise under given flow, the mode are suitable for the situation required to the heat-collecting temperature of heat collector.
2) to the maximum stream flow made at a temperature of liquid, which is suitable for the situation required to the heat-collecting capacity of heat collector.
3) the minimum pump work under given temperature, flow, the mode are suitable for that thermal-arresting energy-saving is required to run, are minimum from wasted work Situation.
Matrix A={ a (i, j) } can such as be passed through with further reference to Fig. 1 for the path for more clearly expressing thermal-arrest liquid To indicate the switch state of each electrically operated valve 5.Wherein (i, j) indicates the coordinate of electrically operated valve 5, wherein：I is indicated along collection The columns in hot liquid flow direction, j indicate the line number along thermal-arrest liquid flow direction.As indicated the electrically operated valve 5 when j=1 To indicate that the electrically operated valve 5 is the electrically operated valve 5 on liquid collector tube 3 when electrically operated valve 5, j=2 on feed liquor separating tube 1.a The value indicates coordinate of (i, j) is the switch state of the electrically operated valve 5 of (i, j)；Such as it can be：As a (i, j)=1, indicate electronic Valve 5 is open state, and as a (i, j)=0, then it represents that electrically operated valve 5 is in off state.Then entire heat collector is each The switch state of electrically operated valve 5 can be expressed as (0,1) matrix of n × 2, it can by the value of each a (i, j) come The process of the thermal-arrest liquid of entire heat collector is described.
The specific optimization algorithm that control unit controls the switch state of electrically operated valve 5 may be summarized to be：
It is the setting of objective function first：According to user demand or the analysis based on research and/or practice, set several A alternative objective function, such as alternative objective function may include following three kinds of functions：
I) index that objective function obtains is the maximum temperaturerise under given flow, i.e.,：
When m=constant, f1=max (Δ T)；Wherein Δ T indicates the maximum temperature rise of thermal-arrest liquid；
Ii) to the maximum stream flow made at a temperature of liquid, i.e., the index that objective function obtains is：
As thermal-arrest liquid discharge liquid temperature ToutWhen=constant, f2=max (m)；
Iii) to the minimum pump work made at a temperature of liquid, i.e., the index that objective function obtains is：
As liquid temperature T outoutWhen sum aggregate hot liquid flow m=constant, f3=min (Ppump)。
Since drying temperature has been set, i.e., heat-collecting temperature is also it has been determined that so above-mentioned objective function iii) corresponding collection Heat pattern is suitable for the present invention, i.e., heat collector is applied to drier.
Remote control apparatus can select any one in above-mentioned objective function as the mesh under current collection heat pattern Scalar functions, which is the collection heat pattern of corresponding a certain emphasis (particular requirement under applicable situation), to the thermal-arrest The process that mode optimizes can specifically include：
Initialization step：It is random to generate the M n for meeting the process of the above-mentioned thermal-arrest liquid that be used to describe entire heat collector The value of × 2 matrix, i.e., element a [i, j] therein randomly selects between zero and one, and rejecting in above-mentioned M matrix does not have physics The matrix of meaning, such as the matrix of physical significance does not include at least：
A) the matrix for causing the process open circuit of thermal-arrest liquid need to guarantee that as a (i, 1) and a (i, 2) cannot be simultaneously 0.
With further reference to figure, whenWhen, upper lower two electrically operated valves 5 in are in simultaneously due in Closed state will lead to the thermal-arrest liquid open circuit in heat collector, that is, can not achieve most basic heat collector entrance inflow, outlet stream Path out belongs to invalid process, it is therefore desirable to be rejected before optimizing calculating to path.
B) matrix that high-temperature level collector area is less than low-temperature level area, i.e., the heat collector surface of the process of every grade thermal-arrest liquid are rejected The collector area of product≤rear stage, and the collector area of >=previous stage.
With further reference to figure, whenWhen, i.e., all electrically operated valves 5 are in an open state, and process is simultaneously Connection；WhenWhen, it is thtee-stage shiplock thermal-arrest；
WhenWhen, two-stage thermal-arrest is formed, wherein rudimentary is a process thermal-arrest, second level is two process collection Heat, second level collector area are greater than level-one collector area, meet the requirements；
And work asWhen, it is similarly formed two-stage thermal-arrest, wherein rudimentary is two process thermal-arrests, second level one Process thermal-arrest, second level collector area is less than level-one collector area, undesirable, should give rejecting.The reason of rejecting is：When low When the temperature of grade thermal-arrest is sufficiently high, leaking heat >=solar radiation quantity of advanced thermal-arrest will cause, then the thermal-arrest temperature of heat collector Degree will not continue to increase, i.e., the collector area of advanced thermal-arrest does not contribute the thermal-arrest of heat collector, it is therefore desirable to path into Row optimization is rejected before calculating.
The corresponding target function value of M1 matrix after rejecting, with physical significance is calculated, stage optimal value is obtained. Using the corresponding matrix A of stage optimal value as the initial value of objective matrix B；I.e.：Select the M1 matrix with physical significance In optimal that matrix of corresponding target function value, the initial value as objective matrix B；
Optimization Steps：Above-mentioned objective matrix B is optimized according to the rule of setting, meets stopping for setting in optimization process Only to get the target function value arrived under the collection heat pattern when condition.Corresponding thermal-arrest liquid path is obtained according to target function value, Thermal-arrest liquid path after as optimizing.Control device combines the open and-shut mode of current electrically operated valve 5, to each electronic Valve 5 sends instruction, and the path of thermal-arrest liquid is adjusted to the path of the corresponding thermal-arrest liquid of the target function value.
As a kind of simple example can be：User is at remote control apparatus end by the target operation mould of current heat collector The index that formula is set as being obtained as objective function is collection heat pattern corresponding to " maximum temperaturerise under given flow ", then controls dress It sets and the M1 corresponding control instruction of matrix A as initial value is issued to each electrically operated valve 5：
Such as above-mentioned M1=1, the path of the thermal-arrest liquid for the heat collector that control instruction corresponding to matrix A is formed is " multistage Series connection ", (2,5) in five electrically operated valves in for example Fig. 1 are in an open state, remaining is in off state, this i.e. initial value pair The stage optimal value answered, the i.e. initial value as objective matrix B [n, 2].According to the stage optimal value, test is calculated simultaneously Record the inlet and outlet temperature difference of heat collector.
The process optimized to above-mentioned stage optimal value can be, control device according to the rule of setting (such as empirical value, Random data exchange etc.) adjustment matrix A in element value, such as by be thermal-arrest liquid path be adjusted to " most end two-stage be go here and there Connection ", (1,5) (lower right, the upper left side) in 5 electrically operated valves in for example Fig. 1 are in off state, remaining is in an open state, and is formed Be string and combined two-stage process, this i.e. first suboptimization for being carried out to stage optimal value.According to the first time optimal value.Root According to the first time optimal value, the temperature difference of the import and export of heat collector is tested, calculated and record.
The path of comparison perfecting by stage value and the corresponding two kinds of thermal-arrest liquid of first time optimal value is at heat collector import and export The temperature difference, if the first (" plural serial stage ") inlet and outlet temperature difference be greater than second, control device retransmit instruction, with " plural serial stage " does not replace the value of objective matrix B [n, 2] as current thermal-arrest liquid flow, according to setting rule into Traveling one-step optimization；If the first temperature difference less than second, needs to change process, by the corresponding thermal-arrest of first time optimal value The path of liquid is as current thermal-arrest liquid flow, i.e. after the initial value of objective matrix B [n, 2] replaces with change process Value, is advanced optimized according to the rule of setting；Condition (such as iteration or exchange times) until meeting setting, i.e., will most Thermal-arrest liquid flow corresponding to primary optimal value calculates the collection under the optimal state of value as the optimal value under the mode afterwards The import and export temperature difference of the thermal-arrest liquid of hot device is maximum temperaturerise (outlet temperature-inlet temperature), and obtain objective matrix B [n, 2] process of corresponding thermal-arrest liquid.
Certainly, it in order to shorten the operation cost of optimization and improve optimum level, can also carry out according to actual needs It programs or introduces existing other and be used to carry out the ripe algorithm of optimization selection.It, will be current such as still with previous example Heat collector target operational mode be set as be by the index that objective function obtains " maximum temperaturerise under given flow " institute it is right The mode answered, inventor have carried out a kind of specific programming according to actual demand, to the optimization process, and logic diagram is referring to figure 6, can be to the detailed process that the path of thermal-arrest liquid optimizes by the algorithm of the programming：
601) the corresponding target function value of each matrix of M1 is calculated, optimal optimal as the stage of selection target functional value Value；It extracts the corresponding matrix A of stage optimal value and is stored in objective matrix B [n, 2], as the first of objective matrix B [n, 2] Initial value.
602) probability in M1 matrix with setting selects matrix selection matrix A1 and A2 and carries out calculated crosswise, gives birth to again At two new matrix As 1 ' and A2 '.The mode of calculated crosswise is as follows：1. generating integer C at random between 1 and n；2. by matrix A 1 With (i in the element a1 [i, j] and a2 [i, j] in A2>C numerical value) is interchangeable；3. there is no physics after rejecting matrix switch The matrix of meaning, while the matrix of not physical significance B [n, 2] cover being replaced；Generate the matrix group after intersecting.
Wherein, whether some matrix in matrix group is selected the probability for calculated crosswise, corresponding with the matrix The calculated value of objective function is related, i.e.,：When objective function is the function of maximizing operation described in the present embodiment, then square The corresponding target function value of matrix in battle array group is bigger, then is selected bigger for the probability of intersection；Correspondingly, work as target Function be minimize operation function when, then the corresponding target function value of matrix in matrix group is smaller, then be selected use In intersection probability with regard to smaller.
603) variation calculating is carried out to the matrix group after intersection obtained above, the mode for the calculating that makes a variation is as follows：1. 1 Generate integer D at random between n；2. determining whether the matrix individual in above-mentioned matrix group participates in making a variation with certain probability It calculates.Herein, single matrix participates in the probability completely random of variation, unrelated with remaining any condition；3. if some matrix A It takes part in variation to calculate, then the corresponding numerical value of a [i, j] (i=D) is subjected to logic and overturned, i.e.,：If it is 1, then become 0；If It is 0, then is assigned a value of 1；4. rejecting the matrix of not no physical significance after matrix variation；Still the matrix of not physical significance is used B [n, 2] cover replaces；Matrix group after generating variation.
604) after carrying out above-mentioned variation, intersection, the initial value of an optimal matrix of target value and B [n, 2] are compared, If corresponding target function value is better than initial value, continued with stage optimal value substitution initial value if initial value is more excellent Retain initial value to get to stage optimal value, aforementioned intersection and mutation operator is repeated to the matrix group body after variation, to rank Section optimal value is advanced optimized.
605) until reach setting the number of iterations or setting other stop conditions when, in M1 obtained matrix In, according to its corresponding target function value, by one group of optimal value as objective matrix B [n, 2] that target function value is optimal.
606) switch state for controlling each electrically operated valve 5 is adjusted, so that the flow path of thermal-arrest liquid is according to target Path determined by the optimal value of matrix B [n, 2] is optimal path.
According to actual needs, the flow that the thermal-arrest liquid of heat collector is entered by adjusting, by each in control heat collector A electrically operated valve 5 is opened and closed to adjust the process of thermal-arrest liquid, combining environmental temperature, wind speed, solar radiation, heat collector size etc. Influence factor can realize different liquid temperature out for different applications in the downstream of liquid collector tube 3 out.Such as exist It is then real by driving absorption refrigeration or organic Rankine cycle power generation system by liquid temperature out to 100 DEG C or more when summer The utilization that now thermal energy of collection is freezed or generated electricity improves the conversion ratio of thermal energy collected by heat collector.
Embodiment 2
In the case of thermal-arrest liquid is gaseous medium, the structure of drier as shown in figure 3, the difference of itself and Fig. 1 are, It is not necessary that heat exchanger 14 is arranged in drying box 15, directly by the upstream entrance of feed liquor separating tube 1 and the downstream of liquid collector tube 3 out Outlet is connected to drying box 15.At this point, what drying temperature sensor 64 detected is out at the lower exit of liquid collector tube 3 Protrude into the leaving air temp in drying box 15.
It is realized using thermal-arrest liquid control method of the invention specific to the drying steps of the object to be dried in drier For：After booting, control unit is according to the parameter of heat collector (as included the size of heat collector, the size of capillary absorbing pipe 2, CPC4 Size etc.) and operation data (such as environment temperature, wind speed, solar radiation, thermal-arrest liquid out temperature, pressure drop and flow etc.), The objective function of current collection heat pattern is optimized, in the case of objective function optimal value, corresponding each motor-driven valve The process of thermal-arrest liquid determined by the switch state of door 5 is theoretic best process.Thermal-arrest liquid is through best process stream Out after heat collector, the heat exchanger being set to inside drying box is flowed into, is done by the surrounding air of heat drying box house The object of dry box house.Under this technology situation, the surrounding air inside collection thermal medium and drying box can pass through partition Formula heat exchanger exchanges heat, and is not mixed.Liquid collection thermal medium at this time can be water, oil, solution, anti-icing fluid etc..The present invention The main points for including mainly include：
1) by the way that using pulsating heat pipe heat dump as heat sink, instead of heat pipe or conventional absorbing pipe, the processing is simple, cost It is cheap, and outer diameter≤4mm (preferably 1~4mm, more preferably 2~4mm) of pulsating heat pipe heat dump 2, and by with CPC4 For beam condensing unit, and its interception is 0~4/5 than range, can use the molding of the processing technologys such as 3D printing, effectively increases pulsation The endothermic heat flow density of heat pipe receiver 2, reduces heat dissipation area, can make the size (highly be less than or equal to 50mm) of CPC4 with Conventional panel heat collector and vacuum tube collector are suitable, and with 2~5 times even as high as 10 times of focusing ratio；And according to reality Border situation and demand can also can use second level liquid separation using single double-tube heat exchanger 22 as a basic heat absorbing units Device will be mostly with the heat absorbing units basic as one in parallel of double-tube heat exchanger 22；And entire heat collector is connected by metal tubes It connects, therefore there is certain bearing capacity, while there is frost-cracking-preventing ability in winter.
2) thermal-arrest liquid (can be liquid above-mentioned or gaseous medium) be adjusted by the switch state of electrically operated valve 5 Flow path, and the switch state of electrically operated valve 5 can be by control device according to set temperature, environment temperature, wind speed, too Positive radiation intensity, thermal-arrest fluid flow and disengaging flow pressure drop etc. parameters determine, so that the complete machine under current collection thermal environment Collecting efficiency farthest catered to the demand of application.According to different needs, opening by adjusting electrically operated valve 5 Off status adjusts the process into the thermal-arrest liquid of heat collector, can also be adjusted by the aperture of flow control valve 9 The flow of the thermal-arrest liquid of heat collector, so as to realize the dry temperature and drying of different dry curve requirements to the full extent Process.
In conjunction with attached drawing, embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above, and attached drawing herein is for providing to this Invention is further understood.Obviously, the foregoing is merely the preferable specific embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention Be not limited thereto, it is any be to one skilled in the art can readily occur in, essentially without be detached from it is of the invention Change or replacement are also all included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of drier, which is characterized in that the drier includes：
Drying box；And
Solar thermal collector comprising shell and be placed in the intracorporal thermal-arrest portion of the shell；
Wherein, the thermal-arrest portion includes feed liquor separating tube, goes out liquid collector tube and be placed in pulsating heat pipe heat collection unit between the two；
Wherein, the pulsating heat pipe heat collection unit includes compound parabolic concentrator, pulsating heat pipe heat dump and double-tube heat exchanger, arteries and veins Dynamic heat pipe receiver is formed by several groups evaporator section and condensation segment interval, and evaporator section is placed in the compound parabolic optically focused across column Device, the both ends of the sheath body of described sleeve pipe heat exchanger are connected to the feed liquor separating tube and the liquid collector tube out respectively, described cold Solidifying section is placed in the sheath body；
Working medium in the evaporator section absorb by the compound parabolic concentrator reflect too can be after radiation energy, by heat transfer It exchanges heat to the condensation segment and with the thermal-arrest liquid in described sleeve pipe heat exchanger, the thermal-arrest liquid is in the feed liquor liquid separation Pipe, it is described go out to form flow path between liquid collector tube and at least part described sleeve pipe heat exchanger, and with physical significance Under the premise of, the number of the described sleeve pipe heat exchanger of the flow path can be accessed by adjustable mode；
The drying box makes the flow path form closed loop；
Several electrically operated valves are distributed on the feed liquor separating tube and the liquid collector tube out, by adjusting each described electronic The switch state of valve, the electrically operated valve in open state enable to thermal-arrest liquid in the feed liquor separating tube, the liquid out The flow path of adjustable, multistage pulsating heat pipe heat dump heat absorption is formed between collector tube and described sleeve pipe heat exchanger；
Wherein, to swim over to the direction in the downstream direction incremental as the heat absorption series of pulsating heat pipe heat dump on feed liquor separating tube, then The endotherm area of the pulsating heat pipe heat dump of the higher high-temperature level of series >=pulsating heat pipe in the lower low-temperature level of series is inhaled The endotherm area of hot device.
2. drier according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include control unit, be with each electrically operated valve Electrical connection, for adjusting the switch state of each electrically operated valve；
And for the flow path of the formation of the switch state for adjusting each electrically operated valve through the control unit, pulsing On the incremental direction of the heat absorption series of heat pipe receiver, when total heat absorption series of pulsating heat pipe heat dump is odd number, it is set to institute The electrically operated valve for stating the most downstream on feed liquor separating tube should close, the motor-driven valve of the most downstream on the liquid collector tube out Door should be opened；It is on the contrary when the heat absorption series of pulsating heat pipe heat dump is even number.
3. drier according to claim 2, which is characterized in that be additionally provided with adjusting flow control on the feed liquor separating tube Valve adjusts the aperture for adjusting flow control valve by the control unit, to adjust thermal-arrest liquid in the flow path Flow.
4. drier according to claim 2, which is characterized in that further include sensor group comprising：
First sensor group is set to the upstream of the feed liquor separating tube, joins for detecting thermal-arrest liquid in the feature of entrance Number；
Second sensor group is set to the downstream of the liquid collector tube out, joins for detecting feature of the thermal-arrest liquid in exit Number；
3rd sensor group is set in environment locating for the solar thermal collector, for detecting environmental parameter；And
Drying temperature sensor is set in the drying box, for detecting leaving air temp；
The first sensor group, the second sensor group, the 3rd sensor group and the drying temperature sensor It is electrically connected respectively with the control unit, for providing the switch state for adjusting each electrically operated valve to the control unit Basic parameter.
5. drier according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is characterized in that with the pulsating heat pipe heat dump Axial direction is length direction, the size phase of the compound parabolic concentrator and the pulsating heat pipe heat dump in the length direction It adapts to, and the range of the interception ratio of the compound parabolic concentrator is 0~4/5.
6. drier according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is characterized in that the pulsating heat pipe heat dump is along long Degree direction is placed on the focal circle of the compound parabolic concentrator, and caliber≤4mm of the pulsating heat pipe heat dump.
7. drier according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is characterized in that by the described sleeve pipe of two-way or more Heat exchanger parallel connection forms sleeve heat exchange pipe group, and the two sides of described sleeve pipe set of heat exchange tubes pass through second level dispenser and the feed liquor respectively Separating tube is connected to the liquid collector tube out.
8. a kind of flow control method of thermal-arrest liquid, is applied to the described in any item driers of claim 1-7, feature exists In the flow control method includes：
Control unit acquires the parameter and operation data of solar thermal collector, also the acquisition intracorporal leaving air temp of drying box；
Control unit based on the parameter, the operation data and the leaving air temp, to right under selected current drying mode The objective function for the solar thermal collector answered optimizes；
Control unit obtains corresponding feed liquor separating tube and liquid liquid collecting out set on solar thermal collector when objective function is optimal value The target switch state of each electrically operated valve on pipe；
Wherein, the optimal value includes at least：Maximum temperaturerise under given flow, to making at a temperature of liquid maximum stream flow and given Minimum pump work at temperature and flow；
The switch state of electrically operated valve is adjusted to target switch state by control unit, so that the thermal-arrest liquid of solar thermal collector exists Feed liquor separating tube goes out to form adjustable flow path between liquid collector tube, double-tube heat exchanger and drying box.
9. flow control method according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the flow control method further includes：
The information that control unit showed and stored the leaving air temp and obtained according to parameter and operation data, including：
Liquid in-out temperature, flow and the pressure difference of thermal-arrest liquid；Current environmental parameter；And each electrically operated valve is current Switch state；
The parameter and operation data for storing drier, recall for subsequent, carry out the research or failure that improve thermal performance of collectors Analysis.
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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101231037A (en) * 2008-01-08 2008-07-30 西安交通大学 Columnating type solar thermal collector
EP2065658A1 (en) * 2007-11-28 2009-06-03 Hochschule für Technik Rapperswil Institut für Solartechnik SPF Solar absorber and method for manufacturing the same
CN101706163A (en) * 2009-12-03 2010-05-12 西安交通大学 Solar energy pulsating heat pipe collector
CN203375751U (en) * 2013-08-07 2014-01-01 宜昌三峡太阳能研究所有限公司 Device allowing solar energy centralized heating engineering scale to be adjusted

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2065658A1 (en) * 2007-11-28 2009-06-03 Hochschule für Technik Rapperswil Institut für Solartechnik SPF Solar absorber and method for manufacturing the same
CN101231037A (en) * 2008-01-08 2008-07-30 西安交通大学 Columnating type solar thermal collector
CN101706163A (en) * 2009-12-03 2010-05-12 西安交通大学 Solar energy pulsating heat pipe collector
CN203375751U (en) * 2013-08-07 2014-01-01 宜昌三峡太阳能研究所有限公司 Device allowing solar energy centralized heating engineering scale to be adjusted

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