CN106321381B - The flow control method of Organic Rankine Cycle power generator and thermal-arrest liquid - Google Patents

The flow control method of Organic Rankine Cycle power generator and thermal-arrest liquid Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106321381B
CN106321381B CN201610793982.3A CN201610793982A CN106321381B CN 106321381 B CN106321381 B CN 106321381B CN 201610793982 A CN201610793982 A CN 201610793982A CN 106321381 B CN106321381 B CN 106321381B
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thermal
liquid
heat
arrest
collector
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CN106321381A (en
Inventor
徐荣吉
闫美玉
张晓晖
魏聪
魏一聪
王瑞祥
许淑惠
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Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture
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Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
    • F03G6/065—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means having a Rankine cycle
    • F03G6/067—Binary cycle plants where the fluid from the solar collector heats the working fluid via a heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of Organic Rankine Cycle power generator and the flow control method of thermal-arrest liquid, the power generator to include：Organic Rankine Cycle；And solar thermal collector comprising shell and the thermal-arrest portion being placed in the shell；Wherein, the thermal-arrest portion includes feed liquor separating tube, goes out liquid collector tube and be placed between the two, several heat collection units arranged side by side；Wherein, the capillary tube heat sucker that each heat collection unit includes compound parabolic concentrator and is placed in across column on the compound parabolic concentrator；The thermal-arrest liquid in the feed liquor separating tube, described go out to form flow path between liquid collector tube and at least part capillary tube heat sucker；And under the premise of with physical significance, the number of the capillary tube heat sucker of the flow path can be accessed by adjustable mode.The power generator of the present invention can meet stability and high efficiency power generation needs by adjusting the flow of thermal-arrest liquid.

Description

The flow control method of Organic Rankine Cycle power generator and thermal-arrest liquid
Technical field
The present invention relates to too can radiant heat energy utilize field, and in particular to a kind of Organic Rankine Cycle power generator and collection The flow control method of hot liquid.
Background technology
The thermal-arrest liquid in solar thermal collector is by free convection or pump flowing at present.Heat-collecting temperature and flow are passively adjusted Section, can not according to actual needs dynamic by adjusting operating status (heat-collecting temperature and flow) to adapt to weather and use demand Variation；And the heat-absorbent surface of solar thermal collector generally use slab construction absorbs solar energy, and the temperature of heat-absorbent surface is universal It is higher than endothermic tube temperature, it forms a hyperthermia radiation face and leaks hot face, influence collecting efficiency.
At present for the improvement of solar thermal collector, carried out primarily directed to the heat-collecting temperature of heat collector.Such as in vacuum tube It is inserted into metal tube in heat collector to change fluid flow, or carries out segment set thermal flow process in the thermal-collecting tube of flat plate collector Arranged in series etc..But it is extremely limited to the optimization of solar thermal collector, how fundamentally to change the heat-collecting capacity of heat collector with And the utilization rate of heat collector is improved, so that heat collector is run according to use demand adjust automatically thermal-arrest liquid flow high efficiency, is still The problem of to be advanced optimized.
It is general using being widely used of generating electricity of solar thermal collector thermal-arrest.But the collection in current solar thermal collector Hot liquid is influenced by free convection or pump flowing, heat-collecting temperature by solar radiation, and heat-collecting temperature sum aggregate thermal fluctuation is big, can not According to the actual demand dynamic regulation of power generator.
Invention content
Technical problem
How the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to adjust the thermal-arrest temperature of thermal-arrest liquid according to the demand of power generator Degree and heat-collecting capacity.
Solution
In view of this, An embodiment provides a kind of Organic Rankine Cycle power generator, the power generator Including：Organic Rankine Cycle；And solar thermal collector comprising shell and the thermal-arrest portion being placed in the shell；Wherein, The thermal-arrest portion includes feed liquor separating tube, goes out liquid collector tube and be placed between the two, several heat collection units arranged side by side；Its In, each heat collection unit includes compound parabolic concentrator and is placed in the capillary on the compound parabolic concentrator across column Tube heat sucker, the thermal-arrest liquid absorption in the capillary tube heat sucker can be radiated very much by what the compound parabolic concentrator reflected Energy；The thermal-arrest liquid the feed liquor separating tube, it is described go out liquid collector tube and at least part capillary tube heat sucker it Between form flow path；And the head and the tail both ends of the flow path connect with the heat exchanger in the evaporator of the Organic Rankine Cycle It is logical；Or the head and the tail both ends of the flow path are accessed in the Organic Rankine Cycle to the position for being equivalent to evaporator, it is described Thermal-arrest liquid in flow path provides heat source for the Organic Rankine Cycle；It, can and under the premise of with physical significance The number of the capillary tube heat sucker of the flow path is accessed by adjustable mode.
For above-mentioned power generator, in one possible implementation, the feed liquor separating tube and it is described go out liquid liquid collecting Several electrically operated valves are distributed on pipe, it is electronic in open state by adjusting the on off state of each electrically operated valve Valve make thermal-arrest liquid the feed liquor separating tube, it is described go out formed between liquid collector tube and the capillary tube heat sucker it is adjustable The flow path of whole, multistage capillary tube heat sucker heat absorption；Wherein, to swim over to the direction in downstream on feed liquor separating tube as capillary The incremental direction of heat absorption series of heat dump, the then endotherm area of the capillary tube heat sucker of the higher high-temperature level of series >=be in grade The endotherm area of the capillary tube heat sucker of the lower low-temperature level of number.
Further include control unit in one possible implementation for above-mentioned power generator, with each electrically operated valve It is electrical connection, the on off state for adjusting each electrically operated valve；For adjusting each electricity through the control unit For the flow path that the on off state of movable valve is formed, on the incremental direction of the heat absorption series of capillary tube heat sucker, work as hair When total heat absorption series of tubule heat dump is odd number, the electrically operated valve of the most downstream on the feed liquor separating tube should close Close, set on it is described go out liquid collector tube on the electrically operated valve of most downstream should open；When the heat absorption series of capillary tube heat sucker is It is on the contrary when even number.
For above-mentioned power generator, in one possible implementation, adjusting stream is additionally provided on the feed liquor separating tube Control valve adjusts stream of the thermal-arrest liquid in the flow path by adjusting the aperture for adjusting flow control valve Amount.
For above-mentioned power generator, in one possible implementation, the solar thermal collector further includes sensor Group comprising：First sensor group is set to the upstream of the feed liquor separating tube, for detecting thermal-arrest liquid in entrance Characteristic parameter；Second sensor group, be set to it is described go out liquid collector tube downstream, for detect thermal-arrest liquid exit spy Levy parameter；And 3rd sensor group, it is set in the environment residing for the solar thermal collector, for detecting environmental parameter； Above-mentioned (first, second, third) sensor components are not electrically connected with the control unit, for being provided to the control unit for adjusting The basic parameter of the on off state of whole each electrically operated valve.
Preferably, using the axial direction of the capillary heat dump as length direction, the compound parabolic concentrator with it is described Capillary heat dump is adapted in the size of the length direction, and ranging from the 0~4/ of the interception ratio of the compound parabolic concentrator 5.Preferably, the capillary tube heat sucker is placed in along its length on the focal circle of the compound parabolic concentrator, and the hair Caliber≤4mm of tubule heat dump.
For above-mentioned power generator, in one possible implementation, by the capillary of the two-way or more Heat dump parallel connection forms capillary group, the both sides of the capillary group respectively by two level dispenser and the feed liquor separating tube and It is described go out liquid collector tube connection.
The present invention's additionally provides a kind of flow control method of thermal-arrest liquid, which includes：Control unit Acquire the parameter and operation data of solar thermal collector；Control unit based on the parameter with the operation data, to selected The object function of corresponding solar thermal collector optimizes under current power generation mode；It is optimal value that control unit, which obtains object function, When the corresponding feed liquor separating tube set on solar thermal collector and go out the target switch shape of each electrically operated valve on liquid collector tube State；Wherein, the optimal value is minimum pump work under given temperature and flow；The on off state of electrically operated valve is adjusted to by control unit Target switch state so that the thermal-arrest liquid of solar thermal collector feed liquor separating tube, go out liquid collector tube, capillary tube heat sucker and Adjustable flow path is formed between Organic Rankine Cycle.
For above-mentioned flow control method, in one possible implementation, which further includes：Control Portion shows the information obtained according to the parameter and operation data, including：Liquid in-out temperature, flow and the pressure of thermal-arrest liquid Difference；Current environmental parameter；And the current on off state of each electrically operated valve；Store power generator parameter and Operation data, for subsequently recalling.
Advantageous effect
The present invention Organic Rankine Cycle power generator improve power generator stability and generating efficiency specifically, lead to Crossing improves the collecting efficiency of solar thermal collector using the heat collection unit of capillary tube heat sucker and compound parabolic concentrator composition, And the adjustable of collecting efficiency is realized by changing the flow path of thermal-arrest liquid, improve the thermal-arrest of solar thermal collector The adaptability of temperature and heat-collecting capacity to the different power generation needs of power generator.
Description of the drawings
When considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the present invention can be more completely more fully understood.Attached drawing described herein is used for providing A further understanding of the present invention, embodiment and its explanation are not constituted improper limitations of the present invention for explaining the present invention.
Fig. 1 shows the structural schematic diagram (solar energy heating of the Organic Rankine Cycle power generator of one embodiment of the invention Device heats the working medium of Organic Rankine Cycle by the heat exchanger in evaporator)；Fig. 2 shows the organic bright of one embodiment of the invention Agree the solar thermal collector schematic cross-sectional view of circulation electric generating apparatus；Fig. 3 shows that the organic Rankine of another embodiment of the present invention follows The structural schematic diagram of ring power generator (solar thermal collector directly serves as the evaporator of Organic Rankine Cycle).
Fig. 4 shows the control unit of the solar thermal collector of the Organic Rankine Cycle power generator of one embodiment of the invention Logic diagram；Fig. 5-1 shows the control of the solar thermal collector of the Organic Rankine Cycle power generator of one embodiment of the invention A kind of logic diagram of the embodiment in portion；Fig. 5-2 shows the Organic Rankine Cycle power generator of one embodiment of the invention too The logic diagram of another embodiment of the control unit of positive energy heat collector；Fig. 6 shows the organic Rankine of one embodiment of the invention A kind of logic diagram of optimal way of the control unit of the solar thermal collector of circulation electric generating apparatus.
Reference numerals list
1, feed liquor separating tube 2, capillary tube heat sucker 3, go out liquid collector tube 4, compound parabolic concentrator 5, electrically operated valve 61, the first temperature sensor 62, second temperature sensor 63, third temperature sensor 7, flow sensor 81, first are pressed Gap sensor measuring point 82, the second differential pressure pickup measuring point 9, flow control valve 10, air velocity transducer 11, solar radiation sensing Device 12, thermal-arrest liquid circulation pump 13, expanding machine 14, generator 15, condenser 16, organic working medium pump 17, evaporator 18, bottom plate 19, insulating layer 20, frame 21, cover-plate glass 22, signal wire.
Specific implementation mode
Technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
The power generator of the present invention belongs to a kind of application of solar thermal collector.Specifically, made by solar thermal collector For the heat source of Organic Rankine Cycle, driving Organic Rankine Cycle power generation.More specifically, the thermal-arrest liquid in solar thermal collector is inhaled Receive driving heat source that too can be after radiation energy as the evaporator of Organic Rankine Cycle.But thermal-arrest liquid herein is not physics Liquid in meaning can be such as construed to, with mobile performance and can with heat-carrying, pass hot medium, can be liquid Medium, such as calcium chloride concentrated solution, potassium chloride concentrated solution.Can also be other media with identical functions such as gaseous medium, Such as air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, argon gas.Organic working medium is can also be, such as R134a (HFA 134a), R600a (iso-butane) etc..
If the thermal-arrest liquid for thermal-arrest can be as the working medium (i.e. organic working medium) of Organic Rankine Cycle, solar energy Heat collector can be integrally as the evaporator of Organic Rankine Cycle 17, with expanding machine 13, generator 14 and condenser 15 successively phase The even circulation electric generating apparatus of one closure of composition.If thermal-arrest liquid is not suitable as the working medium of Organic Rankine Cycle, need Heat exchanger is introduced in the evaporator 17 of Organic Rankine Cycle to exchange heat.
Embodiment 1
Fig. 1 shows the structural schematic diagram of the Organic Rankine Cycle power generator of one embodiment of the invention.In this situation Under, the thermal-arrest liquid due to being used for thermal-arrest in solar thermal collector cannot function as the working medium of Organic Rankine Cycle, heat collecting liquid The heat that body carries needs, by the heat exchanger intervention in evaporator 17, to add the working medium of Organic Rankine Cycle to realize Heat.
As shown in Figure 1, in such a case, power generator includes mainly：It is internally provided with the evaporator 17 of heat exchanger, and The solar thermal collector of power generation temperature (i.e. heat source) is provided for heat exchanging device.
Wherein solar thermal collector is mainly including shell and the thermal-arrest portion being placed in shell；Shell is mainly used as thermal-arrest list The carrier of member, and ensure that sunlight can expose to heat collection unit through heat collection unit.Further as shown in Fig. 2, the knot of shell Structure includes mainly bottom plate 18, frame 20, insulating layer 19 and cover-plate glass 21；Wherein：The upper surface of frame 20 covers high light transmission Cover-plate glass 21, the inside of the frame 20 in addition to upper surface is equipped with insulating layer 19；Bottom plate 18 is set to the guarantor of 20 bottom of frame The top of warm layer 19.Thermal-arrest portion includes feed liquor separating tube 1, go out liquid collector tube 3 and is placed in that between the two, several are arranged side by side Heat collection unit；The capillary heat absorption that each heat collection unit includes compound parabolic concentrator 4 (CPC) and is placed in across column on CPC4 Device 2, thermal-arrest liquid absorption in capillary tube heat sucker 2 by CPC4 reflect too can radiation energy.As a preferred embodiment, collection arranged side by side Hot cell is uniform, parallel arrangement mode.
In the present invention, thermal-arrest liquid in feed liquor separating tube 1, go out liquid collector tube 3 and at least part capillary tube heat sucker 2 Between form flow path, and the heat exchanger in evaporator 17 makes flow path form closed loop, i.e. heat collecting liquid in heat exchanger 14 Body is pumped into the upstream of feed liquor separating tube 1 and along flow path stream after completing heating function through heat collecting liquid body circulation pump 12 It is dynamic, evaporator 17 then is flowed into through going out the downstream of liquid collector tube 3, by the heat exchanger in evaporator 17 to having in evaporator 17 Machine working medium is heated, and collection thermal cycle is so completed.And under the premise of with physical significance, adjustable mode can be passed through Access the number of the capillary tube heat sucker of the flow path；So that path is variable by certain adjustment mode.This In invention, other than the collection thermal cycle of thermal-arrest liquid, the also power generation cycle (Organic Rankine Cycle) of organic working medium：Organic working medium Steam is heated to be by thermal-arrest liquid in evaporator 17, then flows into expanding machine 13, the decompression expansion in expanding machine 13 pushes swollen Swollen machine 13 rotates and generator 14 is driven to generate electricity, and realizes heat to power output.Then organic working medium further flow into condenser 15 with it is cold But it is condensed into liquid refrigerant after water heat exchange, evaporator 17 is pumped to through working medium pump 16, to form organic working medium circulation.In addition, The fixation of corresponding heat collection unit is realized by the way that CPC4 is fixed on bottom plate 18.The both ends of capillary tube heat sucker 2 respectively with into Liquid separating tube 1 is connected with liquid collector tube 3 is gone out, and the thermal-arrest liquid in heat exchanger 14 is passed through by the heat collector entrance of heat collector upstream Feed liquor separating tube 1 enters capillary tube heat sucker 2, after the heat that CPC4 reflections are absorbed in capillary tube heat sucker 2, flow to out liquid collection Liquid pipe 3, and exported and flowed by the heat collector in heat collector downstream.
As a preferred embodiment, in order to ensure the stability in heat-absorbing structure and thermal conversion efficiency, by capillary tube heat sucker 2 It is placed on the position of the focal circle of CPC4, being placed in herein, stricti jurise absolutely not is placed in, but the position by being generally residing in Relationship achievees the effect that collecting efficiency improves, and can such as be construed to the position relative to focal circle, and deviation is no more than certain Numerical value can (such as 0.5mm).Have the advantages that collection heat is most intensive since the position is in the range of structures of entire CPC4, Therefore be conducive to improve the collecting efficiency of the thermal-arrest liquid in capillary tube heat sucker 2.
In a kind of possible embodiment, so that path is variable by certain adjustment mode, such as can be, on pipeline Several electrically operated valves 5 are distributed with, by adjusting the on off state of each electrically operated valve 5 so that the thermal-arrest as heat-absorbing medium After liquid enters heat collector through entering the upstream end of liquid separating tube 1, the electrically operated valve in open state make thermal-arrest liquid into Liquid separating tube 1 goes out between liquid collector tube 3 and capillary tube heat sucker 2 mesh for forming adjustable, multistage capillary tube heat sucker heat absorption Mark flow path.Wherein, the side incremental as the heat absorption series of capillary tube heat sucker to swim over to the direction in downstream on feed liquor separating tube To, then in order to ensure thermal-arrest have actual meaning, endotherm area >=place of the capillary tube heat sucker of the higher high-temperature level of series In the endotherm area of the capillary tube heat sucker of the lower low-temperature level of series.Process of the thermal-arrest liquid along the target flow path In, only enter the thermal energy absorbed in the capillary tube heat sucker 2 that the target flow path is included by the CPC4 solar radiations reflected Later, corresponding collection device and/or application scenario are finally flowed out to by the downstream for going out liquid liquid trap 3.
By adjusting being set to feed liquor separating tube 1 and go out the switch shape of several electrically operated valves 5 between liquid collector tube 3 State so that the same heat collector can have different target flow path, i.e., different collection calorific intensitys according to actual conditions.One In the possible embodiment of kind, the on off state of each electrically operated valve 5 can adjust relatively independently, can also be by therein one More than a as a whole, linkage adjustment is carried out.With further reference to Fig. 1, in a kind of possible embodiment, electrically operated valve 5 installation principle can be：Since thermal-arrest liquid enters the upstream of feed liquor separating tube, pass through hair every time in feed liquor separating tube 1 After tubule heat dump 2 carries out liquid separation to thermal-arrest liquid, is installed on the supervisor in the downstream side of feed liquor separating tube 1 and be incorporated to electrically operated valve 5, from being incorporated to the second road electrically operated valve 5, the downstream in the corresponding position for going out liquid collector tube 3 that capillary tube heat sucker 2 is connected Also installation is incorporated to electrically operated valve 5 on the supervisor of side.
Certainly, solar thermal collector above-mentioned is mainly by the CPC4 of multigroup small scale and corresponding capillary tube heat sucker 2 A kind of solar thermal collector made of the heat collection unit of composition is arranged side by side.It, can be in capillary in a kind of possible embodiment , can be in parallel by capillary tube heat sucker 2 more than two-way or two-way when the length of endothermic tube 2 is shorter and pipe number is more, The capillary group for forming single capillary tube heat sucker 2 before function is equivalent to, i.e., using the capillary group as most basic unit, Several such capillary groups are equipped in feed liquor separating tube 1 and between going out liquid collector tube 3, but, in each capillary group Each capillary tube heat sucker 2 needs to realize it with feed liquor separating tube 1 by two level dispenser and goes out the connection of liquid collector tube 3.
As can be seen that other than using single capillary tube heat sucker 2 as an individual most basic unit, it can also By the formation comparable most basic unit of function in parallel of Multi-path capillary heat dump 2.To further increase collecting efficiency.
In addition, in order to ensure that the structural integrity in thermal-arrest portion, sizes of the CPC4 with capillary tube heat sucker 2 in length direction are answered When being adapted, being adapted herein should be construed as roughly the same, herein roughly the same, can such as be construed to capillary suction The length of hot device 2 can be slightly longer, and length difference is no more than some critical numerical value (being no more than 2cm as unilateral).A kind of possible In embodiment, in the interception ratio ranging from 0~4/5 of CPC4, and the outer diameter of capillary tube heat sucker 2 no more than 4mm (preferably 1~ 4mm, more preferably 2~4mm) in the case of, CPC4 can have and conventional flat plate collector or vacuum tube collector phase When size (as height≤50mm), in the case of CPC4 is suitable with the heat collector size of routine, can generate compared to The effect of at least 2~5 times focusing ratios for reaching as high as 10 times of conventional heat collector, hence it is evident that improve collecting efficiency.In addition, CPC4 can By the machine-shaping in the way of 3D printing etc..
As can be seen that the present invention uses CPC4 instead of traditional absorber plate, with capillary endothermic tube 2 instead of traditional heat pipe Or conventional endothermic tube, the introducing of CPC4 increase the endothermic heat flow density of capillary tube heat sucker 2, reduce heat dissipation area；Due to Capillary tube heat sucker 2 can be preferably disposed at the position of substantially focal circle of CPC4 by capillary endothermic tube 2, therefore fully profit With the condenser performance of CPC4 so that the temperature of thermal-arrest liquid can reach theoretically in the capillary endothermic tube 2 inside heat collector Maximum temperaturerise improve the collecting efficiency of heat collector under the premise of high temp objects area and leaking heat are reduced.
It, can be by introducing control unit, to realize the switch to each electrically operated valve 5 in a kind of possible embodiment The adjustment of state.With further reference to Fig. 1, if the feedback result that control unit obtains is in five electrically operated valves 5 made in Fig. 1 (2,5) (according to being incorporated to sequence, five electrically operated valves 5 refer to successively lower right, it is lower in, bottom left, a upper right, upper left side, wherein electronic Valve (2,5) refers to that two electrically operated valves 5 at (lower to neutralize a upper left side) position are in an open state, then forms target flowing road Diameter (flow) is as shown by the arrow.But, the stream formed for adjusting the on off state of each electrically operated valve 5 through control unit It is still in order to ensure that thermal-arrest has practical significance, in the incremental direction of the heat absorption series of capillary tube heat sucker 2 for dynamic path On, when the heat absorption series of capillary tube heat sucker 2 is odd number, the electrically operated valve 5 for being set to the most downstream on feed liquor separating tube 1 should It closes, and the electrically operated valve 5 for the most downstream being set to out on liquid collector tube 3 should be opened；When the heat absorption series of capillary tube heat sucker 2 For even number when, then it is on the contrary.
As can be seen that the flow by controlling the i.e. changeable heat collecting liquid body of on off state for changing each electrically operated valve 5；It is logical The flow for changing thermal-arrest liquid is crossed, enables to out the downstream of liquid collector tube 3 to go out liquid temperature with different, such as：In motor-driven valve In the case of 5 standard-sized sheets of door, the target flow path of the thermal-arrest liquid of formation is parallel-connection flow, and is opened in part electrically operated valve 5 In the case of, then the target flow path includes at least a part of serial flow, is especially got in the series for being incorporated to electrically operated valve 5 In the case of height, the heat-collecting temperature of thermal-arrest liquid can be significantly hotter than simple parallel-connection flow；Due in above-mentioned parallel-connection flow and string Join under flow (including all series connection and sections in series comprising parallel branch), when thermal-arrest liquid flows through capillary tube heat sucker 2 It is formed by crushing difference, therefore identical in flow, there can be the pump work of different pumping thermal-arrest liquid.
In addition, as shown in Figure 1, device further includes the sensor group of the operation data for detecting heat collector, it is mainly used for The parameter acquisition of control unit, sensor group include mainly：
I) first sensor group, be set to feed liquor separating tube 1 upstream, for detect thermal-arrest liquid entrance feature Parameter is such as set to the first temperature sensor 61, the flow sensor of the inlet (i.e. the upstream of feed liquor separating tube 1) of thermal-arrest liquid 7 and the first differential pressure pickup measuring point 81 etc.；
Ii) second sensor group is set to out the downstream of liquid collector tube 3, for detect thermal-arrest liquid exit spy Parameter is levied, the second temperature sensor 62 and second for being such as set to the exit (being the downstream for liquid collector tube 3) of thermal-arrest liquid is pressed Gap sensor measuring point 82 etc.；And
Iii) 3rd sensor group is set in the environment residing for the solar thermal collector, for detecting environmental parameter, Third temperature sensor 63, air velocity transducer 10 and the solar radiation sensor 11 being such as placed in environment.Specifically：i)、 Ii), iii) in temperature sensor (61,62,63) at three be respectively used to the temperature of the thermal-arrest liquid at detection heat collector import and export Environment temperature where degree and heat collector；I) flow sensor 7 in is used to detect the flow of thermal-arrest liquid；I), ii) in two The differential pressure pickup measuring point (81,82) at place is for detecting the pressure drop after thermal-arrest liquid flows through solar thermal collector in exit； Iii the air velocity transducer 10 in) is used for test environment wind speed；Iii the solar radiation sensor 11 in) is for testing solar radiation Intensity.
Above-mentioned (first, second, third) sensor components are not electrically connected with control unit, for being provided to control unit for adjusting The basic parameter of the on off state of whole each electrically operated valve 5.I.e. above-mentioned all test datas are transferred to control by signal wire 22 Portion processed, control unit can be placed in Organic Rankine Cycle, can also be placed between Organic Rankine Cycle and heat collector, also may be used certainly With set on the inside of heat collector.Heat collector provides heat source by evaporator 17 to Organic Rankine Cycle.Heat collector is according to power generation temperature The demand of degree determines that power generation mode, heat collector optimize the flow path and flow of the thermal-arrest liquid under power generation mode. I.e. control unit adjusts the flow of thermal-arrest liquid by controlling the on off state of electrically operated valve 5, and can be by adjusting flow control The aperture of valve 9 processed carrys out the flow of domination set hot liquid, the final power generation realized under different condition (under such as different state of weather).
In addition, control unit is also electrically connected with the flow control valve 9 set on the upstream of feed liquor separating tube 1 by the realization of signal wire 22 It connects, by adjusting flow of the aperture of flow control valve 9 come domination set hot liquid in flow.
But, the most important function of control unit is for controlling opening for electrically operated valve 5 according to the operation conditions of heat collector Off status；And then change the target flow path of thermal-arrest liquid.As a kind of specific embodiment, with further reference to Fig. 4, control Portion processed is used to complete the Row control to thermal-arrest liquid, which includes mainly following functions：
41) receive capabilities are used to acquire and upload the parameter of heat collector and can characterize heat collector operating status Data (operation data)；
42) processing function, according to the above-mentioned data received, what is set in conjunction with possessed by present mode goes out liquid temperature Degree, optimizes the object function of present mode according to certain Optimized Approaches；
It is to be understood that the Optimized Approaches being mentioned above, it may be used and existing, ripe be applied to tear choosing and adjustment open Optimization algorithm (such as neural network algorithm, ant group algorithm, one by one than equity), can also again be compiled according to actual demand Journey, or adjustment appropriate is carried out to having algorithm, as long as can make current mould by adjusting the on off state of electrically operated valve 5 Object function under formula is more excellent.
In addition, about present mode, in a kind of possible embodiment, it is selected that several can be preset in control unit , classical target operational mode, each target operational mode can have specific object function, so that it is being obtained most It is suitable for occasion corresponding with target operational mode in the case of the figure of merit.Alternatively, can also be according to actual conditions, in control unit Newly-increased some or certain several new target operational modes, so that its object function is suitable in the case where obtaining optimal value Occasion corresponding with new target operational mode.Wherein, the type of optimal value is included at least with maximum temperaturerise under given flow, is given Make at a temperature of liquid minimum pump work under maximum stream flow and given temperature and flow.
43) feedback function, the object function for being used to calculate present mode corresponding each motor-driven valve when being optimal value 5 on off states that should have of door, i.e. the target switch state of each electrically operated valve 5；
44) execute function, by feedback module obtain on off state that each electrically operated valve 5 should have with it is collected each The current on off state of a electrically operated valve 5 is compared, and executes order accordingly by sending so that each electrically operated valve 5 On off state be adjusted to target switch state.
It is, of course, also possible to have other miscellaneous functions such as display, storage, specifically：
45) display function is used to show the real-time running state of heat collector by certain form, such as can be to fortune Row state is classified, and is then shown in the form of " good, normal, overheat " etc., or according to actual conditions and demand, will Certain parameters of operating status are shown, or the operating status that certain parameters are characterized is with animation streams (such as thermal-arrest liquid Flow path etc.) form shown；
46) store function is used to record and store the parameter and operation data of heat collector；Primarily as spare number According to.It such as can be by way of recalling data, convenient for influencing heat collector subsequently through on the operating status of heat collector to obtain The factor of energy, to carry out improving the research of thermal performance of collectors.It, can be by recalling correlation or when heat collector breaks down Reference data of the data as accident analysis.
With further reference to Fig. 5-1 and Fig. 5-2, in a kind of possible embodiment, control unit may include control device With two component parts of remote control apparatus, by two component parts cooperate to complete control unit should have it is upper State function " 41~46 "；Such as, the division of labor of two parts can be：Control device mainly completes relevant main operational and control etc. Function, and remote control apparatus then mainly completes the functions such as display.Specifically：
Core component of the control device as control unit is mainly integrated with following five functions：
5101) data acquisition function acquires the operation data of solar thermal collector and transmits this data to remote control Device, wherein：Operation data can include but is not limited to：Heat-collecting temperature, flow, the flowing pressure loss of thermal-arrest liquid, environment One or more of temperature, wind speed, intensity of solar radiation, be mainly used for according to parameter calculate heat collector fluid Wen Sheng, Leaking heat and crushing etc. characterize performance characteristic parameter either certain intermediate parameters or for remote control apparatus end will The operating status that certain parameters are reflected gives real-time display；And the current switch states of each electrically operated valve 5, it is used as to electronic The normal condition when on off state of valve 5 is adjusted；
5102) pattern confirms function, receives the pattern that remote control apparatus is selected and confirms that instruction, pattern confirm that instruction can To include：Some is selected as present mode in several existing heat collector operational modes, or can be according to current Heat-collecting temperature and flow are manually entered new heat collector operational mode at remote control apparatus end, as present mode；
5103) calculation function optimizes the object function under present mode, calculates object function and obtains optimal value In the case of the target switch state that should have of corresponding each electrically operated valve 5, and with reference to it is aforementioned 5101) in normal condition, Corresponding control instruction is sent to each electrically operated valve 5；
5104) storage and writing function, store and record heat collector relevant parameter and operation data (with real time execution The relevant data of state), parameter can include but is not limited to size (such as capillary tube heat sucker 2 and the CPC4 of each component of heat collector Size), operation data can include but is not limited to heat-collecting temperature, flow, thermal-arrest liquid flowing pressure loss, environment temperature, Wind speed and intensity of solar radiation etc.；And record the on off state (including after current and adjustment) of each electrically operated valve 5.It deposits Storage is primarily to facilitate with writing function and when needed recalls data, such as can be, the performance to heat collector carry out research with When overall merit, or when analyzing the failure of heat collector, as with reference to data.
It, can be with the following functions other than the basic function that aforementioned four should have in most cases：
5105) display function can selectively show the part real-time running state of heat collector according to actual demand, Including but not limited to heat-collecting temperature, flow, thermal-arrest liquid flowing pressure loss, environment temperature, wind speed, intensity of solar radiation, electricity Movable valve on off state and thermal-arrest liquid flow.Display herein is primarily to facilitate site examining and repairing and the manipulation of heat collector.
And remote control apparatus is then mainly integrated with following two functions：
5201) display function, the selectively either calculated parameter or data of receiving control device acquisition can be with It is strong including but not limited to receive heat-collecting temperature, flow, thermal-arrest liquid flowing pressure loss, environment temperature, wind speed and solar radiation Degree, is mainly used for being shown accordingly on the display interface that remote control apparatus end has, in order to which user understands currently Heat collector running environment situation and heat collector operating parameter, and the on off state of each electrically operated valve 5 can also be received, and Mainly understand current heat collector operating status convenient for user.
5202) pattern confirms that function, sending mode confirm that control device, heat collector is selected for control device for instruction Present mode, and the object function under present mode is optimized, so that the flow of thermal-arrest liquid is optimised.
The parameter of the collected heat collector of control device is mainly explained below and calculating that operation data can participate in, Such as it is mainly used for the Wen Sheng of calculating heat collector, the pressure loss of leaking heat sum aggregate hot liquid.
Thermal-arrest liquid can be set in the inlet temperature of heat collector inlet as Tin, the area of heat collector is A, and thermal-arrest liquid exists The outlet temperature T in heat collector exitout, the series (number for being from upstream to the heat collection unit that downstream includes) of heat collector is n, Then the area of each grade of distribution is Ai, it is assumed that intensity of solar radiation I, environment temperature Ta, the flow of thermal-arrest liquid is m；
Then the temperature of the first order is upgraded to：
First, the temperature of the first order, which rises, meets following formula
IA1-Ql_1=cm (Tout_1-Tin_1)=cm Δs T1 (1)
In formula, Δ T1For the Wen Sheng of first order thermal-arrest liquid；C is the specific heat of thermal-arrest liquid；Tin_1First order thermal-arrest liquid Inlet temperature, Tin_1=Tin；Tout_1Also it is the entrance temperature of second level thermal-arrest liquid for the outlet temperature of first order thermal-arrest liquid Degree：Tin_2=Tout_1；Ql_1For the leaking heat of first order heat dump,
In formula, h is the convection transfer rate of heat collector outer surface and environment, which only has with ambient wind velocity It closes, h=f (v)；Ah_1For the exterior surface area of first order capillary tube heat sucker 2；The Wen Sheng of the thermal-arrest liquid first order then can be obtained For：
If the mean temperature of first order thermal-arrest liquid isFirst order temperature then can be obtained to be upgraded to：
Same computational methods, second level heat collecting liquid body temperature rise calculation formula and are：
IA2-Ql_2=cm (Tout_2-Tin_2)=cm Δs T2 (4)
Then i-stage temperature is upgraded to：
N-th grade of temperature is upgraded to：
If the collector area that can be seen that per level-one capillary heat dump 2 is identical with endotherm area, with series Increase, endothermic temperature is higher and higher, then leaking heat increases therewith；And when series increase to a certain extent after, the heat absorption of heat collector Amount is equal with leaking heat, at this point, the temperature of thermal-arrest liquid reaches highest heat-collecting temperature, will not further increase, subsequent thermal-arrest Flow can only waste pump work.Therefore, to improve heat collector goes out liquid temperature, then needs according to per level-one heat collecting liquid body temperature liter Leaking heat afterwards improves the heat dump area per level-one step by step.
Wherein it is determined that every level-one pipeline number and the computational methods of pressure drop are：
Due to the closing of electrically operated valve 5 is that the flow of thermal-arrest liquid is made to change, the flow of thermal-arrest liquid Decision process is mainly the electrically operated valve 5 found and be closed in flow.The determination method of detailed process is：
First determine whether single flow, i.e., whether the capillary tube heat sucker 2 of all sockets be parallel connection.When meet except into Except the electrically operated valve 5 of liquid separating tube most end level-one is closed, other all electrically operated valves 5 are all opening state Under situation, thermal-arrest liquid is single parallel-connection flow.
It is not single parallel-connection flow in thermal-arrest liquid, i.e., in the case of thermal-arrest liquid is multipaths, divides first in feed liquor Liquid pipe 1 finds the electrically operated valve 5 of first closing.That is j=1, i are gradually increased since 1, as a (x, 1)=0, then first-class The pipeline number of journey is x；Then the electrically operated valve 5 of second closing is found on going out liquid collector tube 3, i.e. j=2, i continue to increase from x Add, as a (y, 2)=0, then the pipeline number of second procedure is y-x；Then the electrically operated valve 5 of next closing should be in feed liquor point In liquid pipe 1, then, the electrically operated valve 5 of next closing is found on feed liquor separating tube 1, i.e. j=1, i are continued growing from y, work as a When (z, 2)=0, then the pipeline number of third flow is z-y；And so on can obtain every level-one pipeline number until i=n-1. Last row two electrically operated valves 5 be in order to control thermal-arrest liquid finally from go out liquid collector tube 3 flow out, last electrically operated valve 5 On off state by flow number control：When flow pipeline number is odd number, the electrically operated valve 5 on feed liquor separating tube 1 is to close, The valve gone out on liquid collector tube 3 is to open；When flow number is even number, the electrically operated valve 5 on feed liquor separating tube 1 is to open , the electrically operated valve 5 gone out on liquid collector tube 3 is to close.
Entire heat collector can be calculated after determining the number for completing flow and the capillary tube heat sucker 2 in each flow The pressure drop of thermal-arrest liquid.It is equal to the sum of the pressure drop per level-one.And per level-one pressure drop be equal to capillary tube heat sucker 2 along journey pressure The sum of drop and partial drop of pressure.Wherein：
Single capillary heat dump 2 is along journey pressure drop：
In formula, λ is that, since the flowing of thermal-arrest liquid is generally laminar flow, can use along journey pressure-drop coefficientL For the length of tube that absorbs heat；V is the flow velocity of thermal-arrest liquid in endothermic tube；G is acceleration of gravity；Re is the Reynolds number of thermal-arrest liquid；ρ is Thermal-arrest fluid density；D is heat absorption pipe outside diameter；μ is thermal-arrest liquid dynamic viscosity；
Partial drop of pressure is：
In formula, ξ is partial drop of pressure coefficient, since the partial drop of pressure of heat collector is mainly that feed liquor separating tube 1 is inhaled to capillary Pressure drop caused by hot device 2, capillary tube heat sucker 2 to the caliber mutation and flow direction for going out liquid thermal-collecting tube 3, such as a kind of specific In embodiment, ξ can be taken as 1.
Further, by formula (8) it is found that outlet temperature and solar radiation for the thermal-arrest liquid of multistage heat collector are strong Degree, heat collector area, heat dump area, the hot coefficient of heat transfer of leakage, environment temperature, thermal-arrest specific heat of liquid and flow have relationship.Therefore In the case of given thermal-arrest class of liquids, it is believed that the specific heat of thermal-arrest liquid is constant；In given intensity of solar radiation Under under situation, heat collector goes out liquid temperature and environment temperature, the face of flow, the area for going out liquid heat collector 3, capillary tube heat sucker 2 Product leaks the relating to parameters such as the hot coefficient of heat transfer, i.e.,：
And it is related with wind speed to leak hot coefficient, i.e.,：
Tout_i=f (v, Ah_n,An,m,Ta) (12)
And the energy utilization efficiency of heat collector, in addition to thermal-arrest liquid caloric receptivity mutually outside the Pass, also with pumping thermal-arrest The pump work of liquid is related.Specifically：Heat collector net efficiency=(heat collecting liquid body temperature liter-pump work)/solar radiation energy.And pump work Then there is relationship with the flow of thermal-arrest liquid and flow.That is, to obtain the net energy utilization ratio of higher heat collector, Under the premise of meeting the feed flow temperature and flow of thermal-arrest liquid, the flow of thermal-arrest liquid is reasonably planned, and by the greatest extent Amount reduces the pressure drop of thermal-arrest liquid to reduce pump work.
Therefore, under the conditions of different solar radiations, capillary can be adjusted by adjusting the on off state of electrically operated valve 5 The area of tube heat sucker 2 and by the area of heat collector and flow come adjust heat collector go out liquid temperature and net energy utilizes Efficiency.If the operating mode of heat collector may include following three kinds of target operational modes：
1) maximum temperaturerise under given flow, the situation which is suitable for requiring the heat-collecting temperature of heat collector.
2) maximum stream flow made at a temperature of liquid, the situation which is suitable for requiring the heat-collecting capacity of heat collector are given.
3) the minimum pump work under given temperature, flow, the pattern are suitable for requiring thermal-arresting energy-saving run, is minimum from wasted work Situation.
Referring to Fig.1, it is the path for more clearly expressing thermal-arrest liquid, can be such as indicated by matrix A={ a (i, j) } The on off state of each electrically operated valve 5, (i, j) are that the coordinate of valve is, i indicates the row along thermal-arrest liquid flow direction Number, j indicate to indicate that the electrically operated valve 5 is the electricity on feed liquor separating tube 1 when the line number, i.e. j=1 along thermal-arrest liquid flow direction Indicate that the electrically operated valve 5 is the electrically operated valve 5 on liquid collector tube 3 when movable valve 5, j=2.The value denotation coordination of a (i, j) is The on off state of the electrically operated valve 5 of (i, j)；Such as can be：As a (i, j)=1, expression electrically operated valve 5 is open state；And As a (i, j)=0, then it represents that electrically operated valve 5 is in off state.Then each electrically operated valve 5 of entire solar thermal collector is opened Off status can be expressed as (0,1) matrix of n × 2, you can describe entire solar energy with the value by each a (i, j) The flow of the thermal-arrest liquid of heat collector.
The specific optimization algorithm that control unit controls the on off state of electrically operated valve 5 may be summarized to be：
It is the setting of object function first：According to user demand or the analysis based on research and/or practice, setting is several A alternative object function, such as alternative object function may include following three kinds of functions：
I) index that object function obtains is the maximum temperaturerise under given flow, i.e.,：
When m=constants, f1=max (Δ T)；Wherein Δ T indicates the maximum temperature rise of thermal-arrest liquid；
Ii) to the maximum stream flow made at a temperature of liquid, i.e., the index that object function obtains is：
As thermal-arrest liquid discharge liquid temperature ToutWhen=constant, f2=max (m)；
Iii) to the minimum pump work made at a temperature of liquid, i.e., the index that object function obtains is：
When going out liquid temperature ToutWhen sum aggregate hot liquid flow m=constants, f3=min (Ppump)。
Since the temperature of 13 entrance of expanding machine has been set, i.e., heat-collecting temperature is it has been determined that so above-mentioned object function iii) Corresponding pattern is suitable for the present invention, i.e., solar thermal collector is applied to power generator.
Remote control apparatus can select any of which in above-mentioned object function as current object function, the mesh Scalar functions are the pattern of corresponding a certain emphasis (particular requirement under applicable situation), are had to the process that the pattern optimizes Body may include：
Initialization step：Random generation M meets the above-mentioned thermal-arrest liquid that can be used to describe entire solar thermal collector The value of the matrix of n × 2 of flow, i.e., element a [i, j] therein randomly selects between zero and one, rejects and does not have in above-mentioned M matrix There is the matrix of physical significance, such as the matrix of physical significance does not include at least：
A) the matrix for causing the flow open circuit of thermal-arrest liquid need to ensure that as a (i, 1) and a (i, 2) cannot be 0 simultaneously.
With further reference to figure, whenWhen, upper lower two electrically operated valves 5 in are in simultaneously due in Closed state can lead to the thermal-arrest liquid open circuit in heat collector, that is, can not achieve most basic heat collector entrance inflow, outlet stream The path gone out belongs to invalid flow, it is therefore desirable to be rejected before optimizing calculating to path.
B) matrix that high-temperature level collector area is less than low-temperature level area, i.e., the heat collector surface of the flow of every grade thermal-arrest liquid are rejected The collector area of product≤rear stage, and the collector area of >=previous stage.
With further reference to figure, whenWhen, i.e., all electrically operated valves 5 are in an open state, and flow is simultaneously Connection；WhenWhen, it is thtee-stage shiplock thermal-arrest；
WhenWhen, two-stage thermal-arrest is formed, wherein rudimentary is a flow thermal-arrest, two level is two flow collection Heat, two level collector area are more than level-one collector area, meet the requirements；
And work asWhen, it is similarly formed two-stage thermal-arrest, wherein rudimentary is two flow thermal-arrests, two level one Flow thermal-arrest, two level collector area is less than level-one collector area, undesirable；It should reject, the reason of rejecting is：When rudimentary collection When the temperature of heat is sufficiently high, leaking heat >=solar radiation quantity of advanced thermal-arrest can be caused, then the heat-collecting temperature of heat collector is not It will continue to increase, i.e., the collector area of advanced thermal-arrest does not contribute the thermal-arrest of heat collector, it is therefore desirable to excellent to path progress Change and is rejected before calculating.
The corresponding target function value of M1 matrix after rejecting, with physical significance is calculated, stage optimal value is obtained. Using the corresponding matrix A of stage optimal value as the initial value of objective matrix B；I.e.：Select the M1 matrix with physical significance In optimal that matrix of corresponding target function value, the initial value as objective matrix B；
Optimization Steps：Above-mentioned objective matrix B is optimized according to the rule of setting, meets stopping for setting in optimization process Only to get to the target function value under the pattern when condition.Corresponding thermal-arrest liquid path is obtained according to target function value, as Thermal-arrest liquid path after optimization.Control device combines the open and-shut mode of current electrically operated valve 5, to each electrically operated valve 5 send instruction, and the path of thermal-arrest liquid is adjusted to the path of the corresponding thermal-arrest liquid of the target function value.
As a kind of simple example can be：User is at remote control apparatus end by the target of current solar thermal collector Working mode set is the pattern for being corresponding to " maximum temperaturerise under given flow " by the index that object function obtains, then controls Device sends out the corresponding control instruction of the M1 matrix A as initial value to each electrically operated valve 5：
Such as above-mentioned M1=1, the path of the thermal-arrest liquid for the solar thermal collector that the control instruction corresponding to matrix A is formed is " plural serial stage ", as being in an open state for (2,5) in five electrically operated valves in Fig. 1, remaining is in off state, this is i.e. initial It is worth corresponding stage optimal value, the i.e. initial value as objective matrix B [n, 2].According to the stage optimal value, test, meter Calculate the inlet and outlet temperature difference of simultaneously record solar energy heat collector.
The process optimized to above-mentioned stage optimal value can be, control device according to the rule of setting (such as empirical value, Random data exchange etc.) adjustment matrix A in element value, such as by be thermal-arrest liquid path be adjusted to " most end two-stage be go here and there Connection ", as being in off state for (1,5) (lower right, the upper left side) in 5 electrically operated valves in Fig. 1, remaining is in an open state, and is formed Be to go here and there and the two-stage flow that combines, this first suboptimization that stage optimal value is carried out.According to the first time optimal value.Root According to the first time optimal value, test, the temperature difference for calculating the simultaneously import and export of record solar energy heat collector.
At the heat collector import and export for comparing the path of perfecting by stage value and the corresponding two kinds of thermal-arrest liquid of first time optimal value The temperature difference, if the first (" plural serial stage ") inlet and outlet temperature difference be more than second, control device retransmit instruction, with " plural serial stage " does not replace the value of objective matrix B [n, 2] as current thermal-arrest liquid flow, according to setting rule into Traveling one-step optimization；If the first temperature difference is less than second, need to change flow, by the corresponding thermal-arrest of first time optimal value The path of liquid as current thermal-arrest liquid flow, i.e. the initial value of objective matrix B [n, 2] replaces with change flow after Value, is advanced optimized according to the rule of setting；Condition (such as iteration or exchange times) until meeting setting, i.e., will most The thermal-arrest liquid flow corresponding to primary optimal value calculates under the optimal state of value too as the optimal value under the pattern afterwards The import and export temperature difference of the thermal-arrest liquid of positive energy heat collector is maximum temperaturerise (outlet temperature-inlet temperature), and obtains target square The flow of the corresponding thermal-arrest liquid of battle array B [n, 2].
Certainly, it in order to shorten the operation cost of optimization and improve optimum level, can also be carried out according to actual demand Existing other are programmed or introduce to be used to carry out the ripe algorithm of optimization selection.It, will be current such as still with previous example The target operational mode of solar thermal collector be set as by the index that object function obtains being " the highest temperature under given flow Pattern corresponding to liter ", applicant has carried out a kind of specific programming according to actual demand, to the optimization process, with reference to figure 6, can be to the detailed process that the path of thermal-arrest liquid optimizes by the algorithm：
601) the M1 corresponding target function values of each matrix are calculated, the selection target functional value optimal conduct stage is optimal Value；It extracts the corresponding matrix A of stage optimal value and is stored in objective matrix B [n, 2], as the first of objective matrix B [n, 2] Initial value.
602) matrix selection matrix A1 and A2 are selected with the probability of setting in M1 matrix and carries out calculated crosswise, given birth to again At two new matrix As 1 ' and A2 '.The mode of calculated crosswise is as follows：1. generating integer C at random between 1 and n；2. by matrix A 1 With in A2 element a1 [i, j] and a2 [i, j] in (i>C numerical value) is interchangeable；3. there is no physics after rejecting matrix switch The matrix of meaning, while the matrix of not physical significance B [n, 2] cover being replaced；Generate the matrix group after intersecting.
Wherein, whether some matrix in matrix group is selected the probability for calculated crosswise, corresponding with the matrix The calculated value of object function is related, i.e.,：When object function is the function of the maximizing operation described in the present embodiment, then square The corresponding target function value of matrix in battle array group is bigger, then is selected bigger for the probability of intersection；Correspondingly, work as target Function be minimize operation function when, then the corresponding target function value of matrix in matrix group is smaller, then be selected use In intersection probability with regard to smaller.
603) variation calculating is carried out to the matrix group after intersection obtained above, the mode for the calculating that makes a variation is as follows：1. 1 Generate integer D at random between n；2. with certain probability, determine whether the matrix individual in above-mentioned matrix group participates in making a variation It calculates.Herein, single matrix participates in the probability completely random of variation, unrelated with remaining any condition；3. if some matrix A It takes part in variation to calculate, then the corresponding numerical value of a [i, j] (i=D) is carried out logic overturns, i.e.,：If it is 1, then become 0；If It is 0, then is assigned a value of 1；4. rejecting the matrix of not no physical significance after matrix variation；Still the matrix of not physical significance is used B [n, 2] cover replaces；Generate the matrix group after variation.
604) after carrying out above-mentioned variation, intersection, the initial value of an optimal matrix of desired value and B [n, 2] are compared, If corresponding target function value is better than initial value, substitutes initial value with stage optimal value and continue if initial value is more excellent Retain initial value to get to stage optimal value, aforementioned intersection and mutation operator is repeated to the matrix group body after variation, to rank Section optimal value is advanced optimized.
605) until reach setting iterations or setting other stop conditions when, in M1 obtained matrix In, according to its corresponding target function value, by one group of optimal value for being used as objective matrix B [n, 2] that target function value is optimal.
606) on off state of each electrically operated valve of adjusting control 5 so that the flow path of thermal-arrest liquid is according to target Path determined by the optimal value of matrix B [n, 2] is optimal path.
According to actual needs, each in heat collector by controlling by adjusting into the flow of the thermal-arrest liquid of heat collector A electrically operated valve 5 is opened and closed to adjust the flow of thermal-arrest liquid, combining environmental temperature, wind speed, solar radiation, heat collector size etc. Influence factor can be realized in the downstream for going out liquid collector tube 3 and different go out liquid temperature for different application scenarios.Such as exist When summer, liquid temperature will be gone out to 100 DEG C or more, then by driving absorption refrigeration or organic Rankine cycle power generation system real The utilization that now thermal energy of collection is freezed or generated electricity improves the conversion ratio of thermal energy collected by heat collector.
Embodiment 2
Fig. 2 shows the structural schematic diagrams of the Organic Rankine Cycle power generator of another embodiment of the present invention.In this feelings Under shape, the thermal-arrest liquid due to being used for thermal-arrest in solar thermal collector can be as the working medium of Organic Rankine Cycle, will collection Hot device is integrally used as evaporator, and the heat carried by thermal-arrest liquid directly provides thermal energy to Organic Rankine Cycle.
Difference lies in without in organic Rankine as shown in figure 3, it is with Fig. 1 for the structure of power generator under this kind of situation Cycle sets the evaporator 17 of heat exchanger in separately setting, and heat collector is directly served as to the evaporator of Organic Rankine Cycle, i.e., directly will be into The upstream entrance of liquid separating tube 1 and go out the lower exit of liquid collector tube 3 respectively with the condenser of Organic Rankine Cycle 15 and expansion Machine 13 is connected to.
The step of power generator efficient stable is sent out in thermal-arrest liquid control method realization using the present invention is specially (to scheme For the structure for having evaporator 15 shown in 1)：After booting, control unit according to the parameter of heat collector (as include heat collector size, Size, compound parabolic concentrator size of capillary endothermic tube etc.) and operation data (such as environment temperature, wind speed, solar radiation, collection Hot liquid out temperature, pressure drop and flow etc.), the object function of current power generation mode is optimized, when object function most In the case of the figure of merit, the flow of thermal-arrest liquid determined by the state of corresponding each electrically operated valve 5 be it is theoretic most Good flow.After thermal-arrest liquid flows out heat collector through best flow, the heat exchanger inside the evaporator of Organic Rankine Cycle is flowed into In, to heat the organic working medium of Organic Rankine Cycle.Under this situation, for thermal-arrest thermal-arrest liquid with for generate electricity it is organic Working medium can be exchanged heat by dividing wall type heat exchanger, and ensure not to be mixed.The main points that the present invention includes include mainly：
1) by being heat sink with capillary tube heat sucker 2, instead of heat pipe or conventional endothermic tube, processing is simple, cost It is cheap, and outer diameter≤4mm (preferably 1~4mm, more preferably 2~4mm) of capillary tube heat sucker 2, and by with compound throwing Object concentrator is beam condensing unit, and it intercepts ratio ranging from 0~4/5, the processing technologys such as 3D printing can be utilized to be molded, effectively increased The endothermic heat flow density for having added capillary tube heat sucker 2, reduces heat dissipation area, and the size of CPC4 can be made (to be highly less than or equal to It is 50mm) suitable with conventional panel heat collector and vacuum tube collector, and with 2~5 times even as high as 10 times of focusing ratio；And According to actual conditions and demand, two can also be utilized using single capillary heat dump 4 as a basic heat absorbing units Grade dispenser will be mostly with the heat absorbing units basic as one in parallel of capillary tube heat sucker 4；And entire heat collector passes through metal tube Road connects, therefore has certain bearing capacity, while having frost-cracking-preventing ability in winter.
2) flow path of thermal-arrest liquid, and the switch shape of electrically operated valve 5 are adjusted by the on off state of electrically operated valve 5 State can be flowed by control unit according to set temperature, environment temperature, wind speed, intensity of solar radiation, thermal-arrest fluid flow and disengaging The parameters such as dynamic pressure drop determine so that the complete machine under current collection thermal environment has farthest catered to the demand of application scenario. According to different needs, adjusting the flow into the thermal-arrest liquid of heat collector by adjusting the on off state of electrically operated valve 5, also The flow of the thermal-arrest liquid of heat collector can be adjusted by the aperture of flow control valve 9, so as to utmostly The upper evaporating temperature (i.e. expander inlet temperature) and power generation process for realizing different organic working medium power generation requirements.
The embodiment of the present invention is explained in detail above in association with attached drawing, attached drawing herein is for providing to this Invention is further understood.Obviously, the foregoing is merely the preferable specific implementation mode of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention It is not limited thereto, any is can readily occurring in, of the invention essentially without being detached to one skilled in the art Change or replacement are also all included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of Organic Rankine Cycle power generator, which is characterized in that the power generator includes：
Organic Rankine Cycle；And
Solar thermal collector comprising shell and the thermal-arrest portion being placed in the shell；
Wherein, the thermal-arrest portion includes feed liquor separating tube, goes out liquid collector tube and be placed between the two, several collection arranged side by side Hot cell；
Wherein, each heat collection unit includes compound parabolic concentrator and is placed on the compound parabolic concentrator across column Capillary tube heat sucker, the thermal-arrest liquid absorption in the capillary tube heat sucker too can by what the compound parabolic concentrator reflected Radiation energy；
The thermal-arrest liquid the feed liquor separating tube, it is described go out liquid collector tube and at least part capillary tube heat sucker it Between form flow path；
The head and the tail both ends of the flow path are connected with the heat exchanger in the evaporator of the Organic Rankine Cycle；Or it will be described The position for substituting access evaporator is accessed in the Organic Rankine Cycle at the head and the tail both ends of flow path, in the flow path Thermal-arrest liquid provides heat source for the Organic Rankine Cycle；
And the number for the capillary tube heat sucker for accessing the flow path can be adjusted by adjustable mode.
2. power generator according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the feed liquor separating tube and it is described go out liquid collector tube on Several electrically operated valves are distributed with, by adjusting the on off state of each electrically operated valve, are in the electrically operated valve of open state Enable to thermal-arrest liquid the feed liquor separating tube, it is described go out formed between liquid collector tube and the capillary tube heat sucker it is adjustable The flow path of whole, multistage capillary tube heat sucker heat absorption；
Wherein, the direction incremental as the heat absorption series of capillary tube heat sucker to swim over to the direction in downstream on feed liquor separating tube, then grade The endotherm area of the capillary tube heat sucker of the higher high-temperature level of number >=capillary tube heat sucker in the lower low-temperature level of series Endotherm area.
3. power generator according to claim 2, which is characterized in that further include control unit, it is equal with each electrically operated valve For electrical connection, the on off state for adjusting each electrically operated valve；
And in the flow path that the on off state for adjusting each electrically operated valve through the control unit is formed, inhaled in capillary Absorbing heat on the incremental direction of series for hot device, when total heat absorption series of capillary tube heat sucker is odd number, is set to the feed liquor point The electrically operated valve of most downstream in liquid pipe should close, set on it is described go out liquid collector tube on the electrically operated valve of most downstream should beat It opens；When the heat absorption series of capillary tube heat sucker is even number, the electrically operated valve of the most downstream on the feed liquor separating tube is answered Work as opening, set on it is described go out liquid collector tube on the electrically operated valve of most downstream should close.
4. power generator according to claim 3, which is characterized in that be additionally provided on the feed liquor separating tube and adjust flow control Valve processed adjusts the aperture for adjusting flow control valve, to adjust thermal-arrest liquid in the flow path by the control unit In flow.
5. power generator according to claim 3, which is characterized in that further include sensor group comprising：
First sensor group is set to the upstream of the feed liquor separating tube, joins in the feature of entrance for detecting thermal-arrest liquid Number；
Second sensor group goes out the downstream of liquid collector tube described in, joins for detecting feature of the thermal-arrest liquid in exit Number；And
3rd sensor group is set in the environment residing for the solar thermal collector, for detecting environmental parameter；
The first sensor group, the second sensor group, the 3rd sensor group are electrically connected with the control unit respectively, Basic parameter for providing from the on off state for adjusting each electrically operated valve to the control unit.
6. power generator according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which is characterized in that with the capillary tube heat sucker Axial direction is length direction, and size of the compound parabolic concentrator with the capillary tube heat sucker in the length direction is mutually fitted It answers, and ranging from the 0~4/5 of the interception ratio of the compound parabolic concentrator.
7. power generator according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which is characterized in that the capillary tube heat sucker is along long Degree direction is placed on the focal circle of the compound parabolic concentrator, and caliber≤4mm of the capillary tube heat sucker.
8. power generator according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which is characterized in that by the hair of two-way or more Tubule heat dump parallel connection forms capillary group, and the both sides of the capillary group pass through two level dispenser and the feed liquor liquid separation respectively Pipe with it is described go out liquid collector tube be connected to.
9. a kind of flow control method of thermal-arrest liquid, which is characterized in that the flow control method includes：
Control unit acquires the parameter and operation data of solar thermal collector；
Control unit based on the parameter and the operation data, to corresponding solar energy heating under selected current power generation mode The object function of device optimizes；
Control unit obtains the corresponding feed liquor separating tube set on solar thermal collector when object function is optimal value and goes out liquid liquid collecting The target switch state of each electrically operated valve on pipe；
Wherein, the optimal value is minimum pump work under given temperature and flow；
The on off state of electrically operated valve is adjusted to target switch state by control unit so that the thermal-arrest liquid of solar thermal collector exists Feed liquor separating tube goes out between liquid collector tube, capillary tube heat sucker and Organic Rankine Cycle to form adjustable flow path.
10. flow control method according to claim 9, which is characterized in that the flow control method further includes：
Control unit shows the information obtained according to parameter and operation data, including：
Liquid in-out temperature, flow and the pressure difference of thermal-arrest liquid；Current environmental parameter；And each electrically operated valve is current On off state；
The parameter and operation data for storing power generator, for subsequently recalling.
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CN101231037A (en) * 2008-01-08 2008-07-30 西安交通大学 Columnating type solar thermal collector
EP2065658A1 (en) * 2007-11-28 2009-06-03 Hochschule für Technik Rapperswil Institut für Solartechnik SPF Solar absorber and method for manufacturing the same
CN201637149U (en) * 2010-04-28 2010-11-17 长春工程学院 Spiral pulsating heat pipe solar water heater
CN203100223U (en) * 2012-12-14 2013-07-31 华北电力大学 Solar combined heat and power generation system based on pulsating heat pipe

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2065658A1 (en) * 2007-11-28 2009-06-03 Hochschule für Technik Rapperswil Institut für Solartechnik SPF Solar absorber and method for manufacturing the same
CN101231037A (en) * 2008-01-08 2008-07-30 西安交通大学 Columnating type solar thermal collector
CN201637149U (en) * 2010-04-28 2010-11-17 长春工程学院 Spiral pulsating heat pipe solar water heater
CN203100223U (en) * 2012-12-14 2013-07-31 华北电力大学 Solar combined heat and power generation system based on pulsating heat pipe

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