CN106277131B - The flow control method of desalination plant and thermal-arrest liquid - Google Patents

The flow control method of desalination plant and thermal-arrest liquid Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106277131B
CN106277131B CN201610793955.6A CN201610793955A CN106277131B CN 106277131 B CN106277131 B CN 106277131B CN 201610793955 A CN201610793955 A CN 201610793955A CN 106277131 B CN106277131 B CN 106277131B
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China
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heat
thermal
liquid
tube
arrest
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CN106277131A (en
Inventor
徐荣吉
吴青平
王瑞祥
解国珍
王刚
胡洁
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Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture
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Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/008—Control or steering systems not provided for elsewhere in subclass C02F
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/02—Temperature
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
    • Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
    • Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of desalination plant and the flow control method of thermal-arrest liquid, device includes: evaporator, condenser and solar thermal collector, and heat collector includes shell and is placed in the intracorporal thermal-arrest portion of the shell；Thermal-arrest portion includes feed liquor separating tube, goes out liquid collector tube and be placed in pulsating heat pipe heat collection unit between the two, pulsating heat pipe heat collection unit includes compound parabolic concentrator, pulsating heat pipe heat dump and double-tube heat exchanger, pulsating heat pipe heat dump is formed by several groups evaporator section and condensation segment interval, and evaporator section is placed in the compound parabolic concentrator across column；The both ends of the sheath body of double-tube heat exchanger are connected to the feed liquor separating tube and the liquid collector tube out respectively, and condensation segment is placed in the sheath body；Thermal-arrest liquid the feed liquor separating tube, it is described go out form flow path between liquid collector tube and at least part described sleeve pipe heat exchanger device.Desalination plant of the invention can meet sea water desalination demand by adjusting the process of thermal-arrest liquid.

Description

The flow control method of desalination plant and thermal-arrest liquid
Technical field
The present invention relates to too can radiant heat energy utilize field, and in particular to a kind of desalination plant and thermal-arrest liquid Flow control method.
Background technique
The thermal-arrest liquid in solar thermal collector is by free convection or pump flowing at present.Heat-collecting temperature and flow are passively adjusted Section, can not according to actual needs dynamic by adjusting operating status (heat-collecting temperature and flow) to adapt to weather and use demand Variation；And solar thermal collector generallys use the heat-absorbent surface of slab construction to absorb solar energy, and the temperature of heat-absorbent surface is universal It is higher than absorbing pipe temperature, it forms a hyperthermia radiation face and leaks hot face, influence collecting efficiency.
At present for the improvement of solar thermal collector, carried out primarily directed to the heat-collecting temperature of heat collector.Such as in vacuum tube Insertion metal tube is in heat collector to change fluid flow, or segment set thermal flow process is carried out in the thermal-collecting tube of flat plate collector Arranged in series etc..But it is extremely limited to the optimization of solar thermal collector, how fundamentally to change the heat-collecting capacity of heat collector with And the utilization rate of heat collector is improved, so that heat collector is run according to use demand adjust automatically thermal-arrest liquid flow high efficiency, is still The problem of to be advanced optimized.
It is very widely used that sea water desalination is carried out using the heat collection function of solar thermal collector.But current solar energy collection Thermal-arrest liquid in hot device is influenced by free convection or pump flowing, heat-collecting temperature by solar radiation, heat-collecting temperature and heat-collecting capacity Fluctuation is big, can not be according to the actual demand of desalination plant come the collection heat level of dynamic regulation heat collector.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem
How the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to adjust the collection of thermal-arrest liquid according to the demand of sea water desalination circulation Hot temperature and heat-collecting capacity.
Solution
In view of this, An embodiment provides a kind of desalination plant, which includes: The evaporator and condenser being connected to by jet chimney；Wherein, it is equipped with heat exchanger respectively and returns in the evaporator and condenser Heat exchanger；Wherein, the water outlet of the Recuperative heat exchanger stretches to the heat exchanger；And solar thermal collector comprising Shell and it is placed in the intracorporal thermal-arrest portion of the shell；
Wherein, the thermal-arrest portion includes feed liquor separating tube, goes out liquid collector tube and be placed in pulsating heat pipe collection between the two Hot cell；
Wherein, the pulsating heat pipe heat collection unit includes compound parabolic concentrator, pulsating heat pipe heat dump and sleeve heat exchange Device, the pulsating heat pipe heat dump are formed by several groups evaporator section and condensation segment interval, and the evaporator section is placed in described across column Compound parabolic concentrator；The both ends of the sheath body of described sleeve pipe heat exchanger and the feed liquor separating tube and the liquid collector tube difference out Connection comprising sheath body and the condensation segment, and the both ends of the sheath body and pipeline connection are placed in the sheath body；
Working medium in the evaporator section absorb by the compound parabolic concentrator reflect too can radiation energy, be transmitted to described Condensation segment and with the thermal-arrest liquid heat exchange in double-tube heat exchanger, the thermal-arrest liquid the feed liquor separating tube, it is described go out liquid collection Flow path is formed between liquid pipe and at least part described sleeve pipe heat exchanger, the heat exchanger closes the flow path formation Ring；And under the premise of with physical significance, it can be changed by the described sleeve pipe that adjustable mode accesses the flow path The number of hot device.
For above-mentioned desalination plant, in one possible implementation, the feed liquor separating tube and the liquid out Several electrically operated valves are distributed on collector tube, by adjusting the switch state of each electrically operated valve, in open state Electrically operated valve makes thermal-arrest liquid can in the feed liquor separating tube, described formed between liquid collector tube and described sleeve pipe heat exchanger out The flow path of adjustment, multistage pulsating heat pipe heat dump heat absorption；Wherein, to swim over to the direction in downstream on feed liquor separating tube as arteries and veins The incremental direction of the heat absorption series of heat pipe receiver is moved, then the endotherm area of the pulsating heat pipe heat dump of the higher high-temperature level of series The endotherm area of >=pulsating heat pipe the heat dump in the lower low-temperature level of series.
It further include control unit in one possible implementation for above-mentioned desalination plant, and it is each electronic Valve is electrical connection, for adjusting the switch state of each electrically operated valve；For adjusting each institute through the control unit For the flow path of switch state formation for stating electrically operated valve, in the incremental direction of the heat absorption series of pulsating heat pipe heat dump On, when total heat absorption series of pulsating heat pipe heat dump is odd number, the motor-driven valve of the most downstream on the feed liquor separating tube Door should close, and the electrically operated valve of the most downstream on the liquid collector tube out should be opened；When pulsating heat pipe heat dump It is on the contrary when the series that absorbs heat is even number.
For above-mentioned desalination plant, in one possible implementation, tune is additionally provided on the feed liquor separating tube Throttle control valve, adjusts thermal-arrest liquid in the flow path by adjusting the aperture for adjusting flow control valve Flow.
For above-mentioned desalination plant, in one possible implementation, the solar thermal collector further includes passing Sensor group comprising: first sensor group is set to the upstream of the feed liquor separating tube, for detecting thermal-arrest liquid in import The characteristic parameter at place；Second sensor group is set to the downstream of the liquid collector tube out, for detecting thermal-arrest liquid in exit Characteristic parameter；3rd sensor group is set in environment locating for the solar thermal collector, for detecting environmental parameter； And evaporation of seawater temperature sensor, it is set to the water outlet of the Recuperative heat exchanger of sea water desalination circulation, for detecting sea The heating temperature of water；Above-mentioned (first, second, third) sensor group and the evaporation of seawater temperature sensor respectively with it is described Control unit electrical connection, for providing the benchmark ginseng of the switch state for adjusting each electrically operated valve to the control unit Number.
Preferably, using the axial direction of the capillary heat dump as length direction, the compound parabolic concentrator with it is described Capillary heat dump is adapted in the size of the length direction, and the range of the interception ratio of the compound parabolic concentrator is 0~4/ 5.Preferably, the pulsating heat pipe heat dump is placed in along its length on the focal circle of the compound parabolic concentrator, and described Caliber≤4mm of pulsating heat pipe heat dump.
For above-mentioned desalination plant, in one possible implementation, by the set of the two-way or more Heat exchanger parallel connection forms double-tube heat exchanger pipe group, and the inlet and outlet of described sleeve pipe Tube Sheet of Heat Exchanger group pass through second level dispenser and institute respectively Feed liquor separating tube is stated to be connected to the liquid collector tube out.
Of the invention additionally provides a kind of flow control method of thermal-arrest liquid, which includes: control unit The parameter and operation data of solar thermal collector are acquired, the heating temperature of seawater is also acquired；Control unit based on the parameter, institute The heating temperature for stating operation data and the seawater, to corresponding solar thermal collector under selected current sea water desalination mode Objective function optimize；Control unit obtains the corresponding feed liquor set on solar thermal collector point when objective function is optimal value The target switch state of each electrically operated valve on liquid pipe and out liquid collector tube；Wherein, the optimal value is given temperature and stream The lower minimum pump work of amount；The switch state of electrically operated valve is adjusted to target switch state by control unit, so that solar thermal collector Thermal-arrest liquid feed liquor separating tube, go out liquid collector tube, double-tube heat exchanger and sea water desalination circulation evaporator in heat exchanger it Between form adjustable flow path.
For above-mentioned flow control method, in one possible implementation, the flow control method further include: control The information that portion shows the heating temperature of the seawater and obtained according to the parameter and operation data, comprising: thermal-arrest liquid Liquid in-out temperature, flow and pressure difference；Current environmental parameter；And the current switch state of each electrically operated valve； The parameter and operation data for storing desalination plant, recall for subsequent.
Beneficial effect
Desalination plant of the invention improves the stability and efficiency of sea water desalination, specifically, by using compound The pulsating heat pipe heat collection unit of parabolic concentrator, pulsating heat pipe heat dump and double-tube heat exchanger composition improves collecting efficiency, with And the flow path by changing thermal-arrest liquid adjusts collecting efficiency, improves the heat-collecting temperature and heat-collecting capacity of solar thermal collector To the adaptability of different sea water desalination demands.
Detailed description of the invention
When considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the present invention can be more completely and better understood.Attached drawing described herein is used to provide A further understanding of the present invention, examples and descriptions thereof are used to explain the present invention, does not constitute improper limitations of the present invention.
Fig. 1 shows the structural schematic diagram of the desalination plant of one embodiment of the invention；Fig. 2 shows a realities of the invention Apply the solar thermal collector schematic cross-sectional view of the desalination plant of example.
Fig. 3 shows the logic diagram of the control unit of the solar thermal collector of one embodiment of the present of invention；Fig. 4-1 is shown A kind of logic diagram (the control device and long-range of embodiment of the control unit of the solar thermal collector of one embodiment of the present of invention It is functional that control device shares out the work and helps one another completion institute)；Fig. 4-2 shows the another of the control unit of the heat collector of one embodiment of the present of invention A kind of logic diagram of embodiment (it is functional that control device individually completes institute)；Fig. 5 shows the poly- of one embodiment of the present of invention A kind of logic diagram of optimal way of the control unit of light formula solar thermal collector.
Reference signs list
1, feed liquor separating tube 2, pulsating heat pipe heat dump 3, out liquid collector tube 4, compound parabolic concentrator 5, motor-driven valve Door the 61, first temperature sensor 62, second temperature sensor 63, third temperature sensor 64, evaporation of seawater temperature sensing Device 7, flow sensor 81, the first differential pressure pickup measuring point 82, the second differential pressure pickup measuring point 9, flow control valve 10, Air velocity transducer 11, solar radiation sensor 12, circulating pump 13, evaporator 14, heat exchanger 15, condenser 16, backheat Heat exchanger 17, signal wire 18, bottom plate 19, insulating layer 20, frame 21, cover-plate glass 22, discharge outlet 1, discharge outlet 2 24, jet chimney 25, double-tube heat exchanger.
Specific embodiment
The technical scheme of the present invention will be explained in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Desalination plant of the invention belongs to the specific application of one kind of solar thermal collector.Specifically, pass through the sun The heat source that energy heat collector (hereinafter referred to heat collector) is recycled as sea water desalination, so that (specific amount is according to dress for seawater part Set depending on evaporating ingredient contained by treatment scale and sea) heating evaporation, after obtaining desalination after the vapor condensation of evaporation Seawater (fresh water of such as different qualities), more specifically, thermal-arrest liquid absorption in heat collector too can be after radiation energy as sea The heat source of water desalination circulation.But thermal-arrest liquid herein is not the liquid in physical significance, can be such as construed to, and has flowing Performance and can with heat-carrying, pass hot medium, can be liquid medium, such as calcium chloride concentrated solution, potassium chloride concentrated solution Deng.It is also possible to other media with identical functions such as gaseous medium, such as air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, argon gas.This hair The bright solar collecting performance by heat collector optimizes, so that heat collector is more matched with the demand of desalination plant.
Embodiment 1
Fig. 1 shows the structural schematic diagram of the desalination plant of one embodiment of the invention.Mainly by heat collector The thermal energy that thermal-arrest liquid is absorbed is for the desalination to seawater.And by adjusting the collection heat level of heat collector, difference can satisfy Desalination demand.
As shown in Figure 1, the desalination plant specifically includes that 1) sea water desalination so that thermal-arrest liquid is liquid medium as an example Circulation, structure mainly includes the evaporator 13 and condenser 15 by pipeline connection.Wherein evaporator 13 and condenser 15 Inside is equipped with heat exchanger 14 and Recuperative heat exchanger 16 respectively, and the water outlet of Recuperative heat exchanger 16 protrudes into heat exchanger 14 and is placed in steaming Send out the top of device 13.And 2) for providing the heat collector of sea water desalination heat source to evaporator 13, structure mainly includes shell And it is placed in the intracorporal thermal-arrest portion of shell；Shell is mainly used as the carrier in thermal-arrest portion, and guarantees that sunlight can penetrate the lid of shell Glass sheet 21 exposes to thermal-arrest portion.Seawater enters sea water desalination circulation from the water inlet end of Recuperative heat exchanger 16, flow to backheat heat exchange The surface of heat exchanger 14 is sprinkled upon behind the water outlet of device 16 through spray thrower, the thermal energy that the thermal-arrest liquid in heat exchanger 14 is collected will be sprinkled upon The heating of seawater on its surface, after seawater is heated, transpirable part is passed through condenser 15 by jet chimney 24 and is condensed into desalination Water afterwards, the discharge outlet 1 for being set to 15 bottom of condenser are discharged, then pass through without transpirable part through being set to evaporator The discharge outlet 2 23 of 13 bottoms is discharged.
Further as shown in Fig. 2, the structure of shell mainly includes bottom plate 18, frame 20, insulating layer 19 and cover-plate glass 21；Wherein: the cover-plate glass 21 of the upper surface covering high light transmission of frame 20, the inside of the frame 20 in addition to upper surface is equipped with guarantor Warm layer 19；Bottom plate 18 is set to the top of the insulating layer 19 of 20 bottom of frame.Thermal-arrest portion mainly includes feed liquor separating tube 1, goes out liquid collection Liquid pipe 3 and it is placed in pulsating heat pipe heat collection unit between the two.Each pulsating heat pipe heat collection unit mainly includes compound parabolic Condenser 4 (CPC), pulsating heat pipe heat dump 2 and double-tube heat exchanger 25, pulsating heat pipe heat dump 2 is by several groups evaporator section and cold Solidifying section is spaced to be formed, and evaporator section is placed in CPC4 across column；The both ends of the sheath body of double-tube heat exchanger 25 respectively with feed liquor separating tube 1 and Liquid collector tube 3 is connected to out, and condensation segment is placed in sheath body.
Working medium in the evaporator section of pulsating heat pipe heat dump 2 absorb by CPC4 reflect too can be after radiation energy, by heat It is transmitted to condensation segment and exchanges heat with the thermal-arrest liquid in double-tube heat exchanger 25, the thermal energy of absorption is used for seawater of the invention Desalination.As a preference, being uniform, parallel arrangement mode between double-tube heat exchanger 25 arranged side by side.
In the present invention, thermal-arrest liquid is in feed liquor separating tube 1, out liquid collector tube 3 and at least part double-tube heat exchanger 25 Between form flow path, and heat exchanger 14 makes the flow path form closed loop, i.e. thermal-arrest liquid in heat exchanger 14 is completed It is the upstream for being pumped into feed liquor separating tube 1 after seawater transmitting heat to be diluted through circulating pump 12, completes flow path Selection after, the downstream through going out liquid collector tube 3 again flows into heat exchanger 14, heats, makes to the seawater in evaporator 13 Seawater heat absorption heating after partially evaporation realize desalination, so recycle.It, can be by can and under the premise of with physical significance The mode of adjustment accesses the number of the described sleeve pipe heat exchanger 25 of the flow path；Road is made by certain adjustment mode Diameter is variable, such as most can easily manually adjust or what control unit came optimizes and revises the change for carrying out realizing route.Backheat heat exchange The seawater of the water outlet of device 16 is sprayed to the surface of the heat exchanger 14 in evaporator 13, thermal-arrest liquid and seawater in heat exchanger 14 Heat exchange, the part that vapor is capable of forming after seawater is heated enters condenser 15 through jet chimney 24, rigid in condenser 15 The lower seawater of the temperature of inflow is condensed by regenerator, the water after forming desalination.And it is heated after cannot evaporate, salt content it is high Evaporator 13 is then discharged in brine.Meanwhile in this process, seawater provides condensation required cold energy steam due to playing, because This is also heated, and for this angle, decreases the collection thermic load of heat collector.
In addition, realizing the fixation of pulsating heat pipe heat collection unit by the way that CPC4 is fixed on bottom plate 18.Double-tube heat exchanger 25 Liquid collector tube 3 is connected with feed liquor separating tube 1 and out respectively at both ends, the thermal-arrest liquid in heat exchanger 14 passes through heat collector upstream Heat collector entrance through 1 sleeve pipe heat exchanger 25 of feed liquor separating tube, CPC4 reflection is absorbed in pulsation double-tube heat exchanger 25 After heat, it is flow to out liquid collector tube 3, and inflow heat exchanger 14 is exported by the heat collector in heat collector downstream.
As a preference, pulsating heat pipe is absorbed heat in order to guarantee the stability and thermal conversion efficiency in heat-absorbing structure Device 2 is placed on the position of the focal circle of CPC4, being placed in herein, stricti jurise absolutely not is placed in, but by being generally residing in Positional relationship achievees the effect that collecting efficiency improves, and can such as be construed to the position relative to focal circle, deviation is no more than Certain numerical value can (such as 0.5mm).Have collection heat most intensive since the position is in the range of structures of entire CPC4 Advantage, therefore be conducive to improve the collecting efficiency of pulsating heat pipe heat dump 2.
In a kind of possible embodiment, makes path variable by certain adjustment mode, such as can be, on pipeline Several electrically operated valves 5 are distributed with, by adjusting the switch state of each electrically operated valve 5, so that the thermal-arrest as heat-absorbing medium Liquid is entered after the upstream end of liquid separating tube 1 enters heat collector, the electrically operated valve in open state make thermal-arrest liquid into Liquid separating tube 1 goes out to form the target of adjustable, multistage pulsating heat pipe heat dump 2 between liquid collector tube 3 and double-tube heat exchanger 25 Flow path.Wherein, it is incremented by using swimming over to the direction in downstream on feed liquor separating tube 1 as the heat absorption series of pulsating heat pipe heat dump 2 Direction, then in order to guarantee thermal-arrest have actual meaning, the endotherm area of the pulsating heat pipe heat dump 2 of the higher high-temperature level of series The endotherm area of >=pulsating heat pipe the heat dump 2 in the lower low-temperature level of series.Thermal-arrest liquid is along the target flow path stream In dynamic process, only enters the double-tube heat exchanger 25 that the target flow path is included and absorb the solar radiation reflected by CPC4 After thermal energy, corresponding collection device and/or application are finally flowed out to by the downstream for going out liquid collector tube 3.In the present invention, By flowing through the thermal-arrest liquid of heat exchanger 14 and being sprayed to the seawater to make heat exchange on 14 surface of heat exchanger, to realize the desalination to seawater.
By adjusting the switch shape for several electrically operated valves 5 being set between feed liquor separating tube 1 and out liquid collector tube 3 State allows the same heat collector to have different target flow paths, i.e., different collection calorific intensitys according to the actual situation.? In a kind of possible embodiment, the switch state of each electrically operated valve 5 can adjust relatively independently, can also will be therein More than one carries out linkage adjustment as a whole.With further reference to Fig. 1, in a kind of possible embodiment, motor-driven valve The installation principle of door 5 can be with are as follows: since thermal-arrest liquid enters the upstream of feed liquor separating tube, passes through every time in feed liquor separating tube 1 After double-tube heat exchanger 25 carries out liquid separation to thermal-arrest liquid, installation is incorporated to motor-driven valve on the supervisor in the downstream side of feed liquor separating tube 1 Door 5, from being incorporated to the second road electrically operated valve 5, in the downstream for the corresponding position for going out liquid collector tube 3 that double-tube heat exchanger 25 is connected Also installation is incorporated to electrically operated valve 5 on the supervisor of side.
Certainly, the pulsating heat pipe heat collection unit of heat collector above-mentioned is mainly by the CPC4 and corresponding arteries and veins of the small scale of multiple groups Dynamic heat pipe receiver 2 is constituted.In a kind of possible embodiment, can pulsating heat pipe absorbing pipe 2 length it is shorter and , can be in parallel by double-tube heat exchanger 25 more than two-way or two-way when pipe number is more, it is formed single before function is equivalent to The double-tube heat exchanger pipe group of double-tube heat exchanger 25, i.e., using the double-tube heat exchanger group as most basic unit, in feed liquor separating tube 1 Out between liquid collector tube 3 be equipped with several as double-tube heat exchanger group, but, each double-tube heat exchanger Guan Zuzhong's is each Double-tube heat exchanger 25 needs to realize it with feed liquor separating tube 1 and the connection of liquid collector tube 3 out by second level dispenser.
It, can also be with as can be seen that other than using single double-tube heat exchanger 25 as an individual most basic unit By the formation comparable most basic unit of function in parallel of multichannel double-tube heat exchanger 25.To further increase the collection thermal effect of heat collector Rate.
In addition, the size of the structural integrity in order to guarantee thermal-arrest portion, CPC4 and pulsating heat pipe heat dump 2 in length direction It should be adapted, being adapted herein should be construed as roughly the same, herein roughly the same, can such as be construed to pulsation heat The length of tube heat sucker 2 can be slightly longer, and length difference is no more than some critical numerical value (being no more than 2cm as unilateral).One kind can Can embodiment in, CPC4 interception than range be 0~4/5, and the outer diameter of pulsating heat pipe heat dump 2 no more than 4mm it is (excellent Select 1~4mm, more preferably 2~4mm) in the case of, CPC4 can have and conventional flat plate collector or vacuum tube heat collection function The comparable size of device (such as height≤50mm) can generate in the case of CPC4 is suitable with the conventional size of heat collector The effect of 10 times of focusing ratio is reached as high as compared at least 2~5 times of conventional heat collector, hence it is evident that improve collecting efficiency.This Outside, CPC4 can use the modes machine-shaping such as 3D printing.
As can be seen that the present invention uses CPC4 instead of traditional absorber plate, with pulsating heat pipe heat dump 2 instead of traditional Heat pipe or conventional absorbing pipe, the introducing of CPC4 increase the endothermic heat flow density of pulsating heat pipe heat dump 2, reduce radiating surface Product；Since pulsating heat pipe heat dump 2 can be preferably disposed in the position of the substantially focal circle of CPC4 by pulsating heat pipe absorbing pipe 2 Place, therefore the condenser performance of CPC4 is taken full advantage of, so that the work in the evaporator section of the pulsating heat pipe absorbing pipe 2 inside heat collector The temperature of matter can reach theoretic maximum temperaturerise, under the premise of high temp objects area and leaking heat are reduced, improve The collecting efficiency of heat collector.
It, can be by introducing control unit, to realize opening to each electrically operated valve 5 in a kind of possible embodiment The adjustment of off status.With further reference to Fig. 1, if the feedback result that control unit obtains is seven electrically operated valves 5 so that in Fig. 1 In (1,3,5,7) (according to being incorporated to sequence, five electrically operated valves 5 successively refer to 1 lower right, 2 it is lower in it is right, 3 it is lower in it is left, under 4 It is left, 5 upper right, on 6 in, it is left on 7, wherein electrically operated valve (1,3,5,7) refers to that lower right, lower middle left, upper right, upper left position are set The electrically operated valve 5 at place) it is in an open state, then form target flow path (process) as shown by the arrow.But, for warp It is still to guarantee that it is real that thermal-arrest has for the flow path that the switch state that control unit adjusts each electrically operated valve 5 is formed Border meaning, on the incremental direction of the heat absorption series of pulsating heat pipe heat dump 2, when the heat absorption series of pulsating heat pipe heat dump 2 is When odd number, the electrically operated valve 5 of the most downstream on feed liquor separating tube 1 should be closed, and be set to most lower on liquid collector tube 3 The electrically operated valve 5 of trip should be opened；It is when the heat absorption series of pulsating heat pipe heat dump 2 is even number, then on the contrary.
As can be seen that being the process that heat collecting liquid body can be changed by the switch state for changing each electrically operated valve 5；By changing The process for becoming thermal-arrest liquid enables to out the downstream of liquid collector tube 3 to have different liquid temperature out, such as: complete in electrically operated valve 5 In the case of opening, the target flow path of the thermal-arrest liquid of formation is parallel-connection flow, and the situation opened in part electrically operated valve 5 Under, then the target flow path includes at least a part of serial flow, feelings especially higher in the series for being incorporated to electrically operated valve 5 Under condition, the heat-collecting temperature of thermal-arrest liquid can be significantly hotter than simple parallel-connection flow；Due in above-mentioned parallel-connection flow and serial flow Under (sections in series including all series connection and comprising parallel branch), thermal-arrest liquid is formed by when flowing through double-tube heat exchanger 25 Crushing is different, therefore in the identical situation of flow, can have the pump work of different pumping thermal-arrest liquid.
In addition, being mainly used for controlling as shown in Figure 1, further include the sensor group for detecting the operation data of heat collector The parameter acquisition in portion.Sensor group specifically includes that
I) first sensor group is set to the upstream of feed liquor separating tube 1, for detecting thermal-arrest liquid in heat collector entrance Characteristic parameter, such as be set to thermal-arrest liquid inlet (i.e. the upstream of feed liquor separating tube 1) the first temperature sensor 61, flow Sensor 7 and the first differential pressure pickup measuring point 81 etc.；
Ii) second sensor group is set to the downstream of liquid collector tube 3, exports for detecting thermal-arrest liquid in heat collector The characteristic parameter at place is such as set to 62 He of second temperature sensor in the exit (downstream for going out liquid collector tube 3) of thermal-arrest liquid Second differential pressure pickup measuring point 82 etc.；And
Iii) 3rd sensor group is set in environment locating for heat collector, for detecting environmental parameter, is such as placed in environment In third temperature sensor 63, air velocity transducer 10 and solar radiation sensor 11 etc.；
Iv) sea water desalination temperature sensor 64 (such as can be, backheat heat exchange on the spray thrower in evaporator 13 The water outlet of device 16 is connected to spray thrower, and spray thrower is protruded into evaporator 13), for detecting the seawater of sea water desalination circulation Heating temperature.
Specifically: i), ii), iii) in temperature sensor (61,62,63) at three be respectively used to detection heat collector into and out of The temperature and the environment temperature where heat collector of thermal-arrest liquid at mouthful；I) flow sensor 7 in is for detecting heat collecting liquid The flow of body；I), ii) in differential pressure pickup measuring point (81,82) at two for detect after thermal-arrest liquid flows through heat collector The pressure drop in exit；Iii the air velocity transducer 10 in) is for testing ambient wind velocity；Iii the solar radiation sensor 11 in) is used In test intensity of solar radiation.
Above-mentioned (first, second, third) sensor group and sea water desalination temperature sensor 64 are electrically connected with control unit respectively It connects, for providing the basic parameter for adjusting the switch state of each electrically operated valve 5 to control unit.I.e. above-mentioned all tests Data are transferred to control unit by signal wire 17, and control unit can be placed in sea water desalination circulation, can also be placed in sea water desalination Between circulation and heat collector, naturally it is also possible to set on the inside of heat collector.Heat collector is provided by heat exchanger 14 to evaporator 13 The heat source of sea water desalination.Heat collector determines collection heat pattern according to the demand of sea water desalination temperature, and heat collector is light to current seawater The flow path and flow of thermal-arrest liquid under the corresponding collection heat pattern of change mode optimize.I.e. control unit is electronic by controlling The switch state of valve 5 finally realizes collection corresponding to the demand of different seawater heating temperatures to adjust the process of thermal-arrest liquid Desalting process under heat pattern.
In addition, control unit is also electrically connected with the flow control valve 9 for the upstream for being set to feed liquor separating tube 1 by the realization of signal wire 17 It connects, by adjusting flow of the aperture of flow control valve 9 come domination set hot liquid in process.
But, the most important function of control unit is for controlling opening for electrically operated valve 5 according to the operation conditions of heat collector Off status；And then change the target flow path of thermal-arrest liquid.As a kind of specific embodiment, with further reference to Fig. 3, control Portion processed is used to complete the Row control to thermal-arrest liquid, which mainly includes following functions:
31) receive capabilities are used to acquire and upload the parameter of heat collector and can characterize heat collector operating status Data (operation data)；
32) processing function, according to the above-mentioned data received, the setting in conjunction with possessed by current collection heat pattern goes out liquid Temperature (heating temperature of seawater) optimizes the objective function under current collection heat pattern according to certain Optimized Approaches；
It is to be understood that the Optimized Approaches being mentioned above, can be applied to tear choosing and adjustment open using existing, mature Optimization algorithm (such as neural network algorithm, ant group algorithm, one by one than equity), can also be compiled again according to actual needs Journey, or adjustment appropriate is carried out to existing algorithm, as long as can currently to collect by adjusting the switch state of electrically operated valve 5 Objective function under heat pattern is more excellent.
In addition, about current collection heat pattern several can be preset in control unit in a kind of possible embodiment Selected, classical target operational mode, each target operational mode can have specific objective function, so that it is being obtained It is suitable for occasion corresponding with target operational mode in the case where obtaining optimal value.Alternatively, can also control according to the actual situation Some or certain several new target operational modes are increased in portion newly, so that its objective function is fitted in the case where obtaining optimal value For occasion corresponding with new target operational mode.Wherein, the type of optimal value is included at least with the highest temperature under given flow It rises, to making at a temperature of liquid minimum pump work under maximum stream flow and given temperature and flow.
33) feedback function is used to calculate corresponding each electricity when currently integrating the objective function of heat pattern as optimal value The switch state that movable valve 5 should have, i.e., the target switch state of each electrically operated valve 5；
34) function is executed, feedback module is obtained into switch state that each electrically operated valve 5 should have and collected each The current switch state of a electrically operated valve 5 is compared, and executes order accordingly by sending, so that each electrically operated valve 5 Switch state be adjusted to target switch state.
It is, of course, also possible to have other miscellaneous functions such as display, storage, specifically:
35) display function is used to show the real-time running state of heat collector by certain form, such as can be to fortune Row state is classified, and is then shown in the form of " good, normal, overheat " etc., or according to the actual situation and demand, will Certain parameters of operating status are shown, or the operating status that certain parameters are characterized is with animation streams (such as thermal-arrest liquid Flow path etc.) form shown；
36) store function is used to record and store the parameter and operation data of heat collector；Primarily as spare number According to.Such as heat collector can be influenced convenient for obtaining subsequently through the operating status on heat collector by way of recalling data The factor of energy, to improve the research of thermal performance of collectors.It, can be by recalling correlation or when heat collector breaks down Reference data of the data as accident analysis.
With further reference to Fig. 4-1 and Fig. 4-2, in a kind of possible embodiment, control unit may include control device With two component parts of remote control apparatus, by two component parts cooperate to complete control unit should have it is upper State function " 41~46 "；Such as, the division of labor of two parts can be with are as follows: control device mainly completes relevant main operational and control etc. Function, and remote control apparatus then mainly completes the functions such as display.Specifically:
Core component of the control device as control unit is mainly integrated with following five functions:
4101) data acquisition function acquires the operation data of heat collector and transmits this data to remote control apparatus, In: operation data can include but is not limited to: heat-collecting temperature, flow, the flowing pressure loss of thermal-arrest liquid, environment temperature, wind Speed, one or more of intensity of solar radiation, be mainly used for being calculated according to parameter the fluid temperature rise of heat collector, leaking heat and Crushing etc. characterize the parameter of performance characteristic perhaps certain intermediate parameters or at remote control apparatus end by certain parameters The operating status reflected gives real-time display；And the current switch states of each electrically operated valve 5, as to electrically operated valve 5 Normal condition when switch state is adjusted；
4102) mode confirms function, receives the mode confirmation instruction that remote control apparatus is selected, mode confirmation instruction can Some is selected as current collection heat pattern in several existing heat collector operational modes to include:, or can be according to working as Preceding heat-collecting temperature and flow is manually entered new heat collector operational mode at remote control apparatus end, as current collection hot-die Formula；
4103) calculation function optimizes the objective function under current collection heat pattern, calculates objective function and obtain most The target switch state that corresponding each electrically operated valve 5 should have in the case of the figure of merit, and with reference to it is aforementioned 4101) in benchmark State sends corresponding control instruction to each electrically operated valve 5；
4104) storage and writing function, store and record heat collector relevant parameter and operation data (with real time execution The relevant data of state), parameter can include but is not limited to size (such as 2 He of pulsating heat pipe heat dump of each component of heat collector The size of CPC4), operation data can include but is not limited to heat-collecting temperature, flow, thermal-arrest liquid flowing pressure loss, environment temperature Degree, wind speed and intensity of solar radiation etc.；And the switch state of each electrically operated valve 5 is recorded (after current and adjustment ).Storage is primarily to facilitate with writing function when needed recalls data, such as can be, and carries out in the performance to heat collector Research and when overall merit, or when analyzing the failure of heat collector, as reference data.
It, can be with the following functions other than the aforementioned four basic function that should have in most cases:
4105) display function shows to the property of can choose the part real-time running state of heat collector according to actual needs, Including but not limited to heat-collecting temperature, flow, thermal-arrest liquid flowing pressure loss, environment temperature, wind speed, intensity of solar radiation, electricity Movable valve switch state and thermal-arrest liquid flow.Display herein is primarily to facilitate site examining and repairing and the manipulation of heat collector.
And remote control apparatus is then mainly integrated with following two function:
4201) display function, selectively receiving control device acquisition or calculated parameter or data, can be with It is strong including but not limited to receive heat-collecting temperature, flow, thermal-arrest liquid flowing pressure loss, environment temperature, wind speed and solar radiation Degree, is mainly used for being shown accordingly on the display interface that remote control apparatus end has, in order to which user understands currently Heat collector running environment situation and heat collector operating parameter, and the switch state of each electrically operated valve 5 can also be received, and The main operating status that current heat collector is understood convenient for user.
4202) mode confirms function, and sending mode confirmation instruction selects heat collector for control device to control device Current collection heat pattern, and the objective function under current collection heat pattern is optimized, so that the process of thermal-arrest liquid is able to Optimization.
The calculating that the parameter and operation data that the collected heat collector of control device is mainly explained below can participate in, Such as it is mainly used for the temperature rise of calculating heat collector, the pressure loss of leaking heat sum aggregate hot liquid.
Thermal-arrest liquid can be set in the inlet temperature of heat collector inlet as Tin, the area of heat collector is A, and thermal-arrest liquid exists The outlet temperature T in heat collector exitout, the series (number for being from upstream to the double-tube heat exchanger 25 that downstream includes) of heat collector For n, then the area of each grade of distribution is Ai, it is assumed that intensity of solar radiation I, environment temperature Ta, the flow of thermal-arrest liquid is m；
The then temperature rise of the first order are as follows:
Firstly, the temperature rise of the first order meets following formula (1),
IA1-Ql_1=cm (Tout_1-Tin_1)=cm Δ T1 (1)
In formula, Δ T1For the temperature rise of first order thermal-arrest liquid；C is the specific heat of thermal-arrest liquid；Tin_1First order thermal-arrest liquid Inlet temperature, Tin_1=Tin；Tout_1It is also the entrance temperature of second level thermal-arrest liquid for the outlet temperature of first order thermal-arrest liquid Degree: Tin_2=Tout_1；Ql_1For the leaking heat of first order heat dump,
In formula, h is the convection transfer rate of heat collector outer surface and environment, which only has with ambient wind velocity It closes, h=f (v)；Ah_1For the exterior surface area of first order pulsating heat pipe heat dump 2；The temperature of the thermal-arrest liquid first order then can be obtained It is upgraded to:
If the mean temperature of first order thermal-arrest liquid isThe first stage temperature rise then can be obtained are as follows:
Same calculation method, second level heat collecting liquid body temperature rise calculation formula are as follows:
IA2-Ql_2=cm (Tout_2-Tin_2)=cm Δ T2 (4)
Then i-stage temperature rise are as follows:
N-th grade of temperature rise are as follows:
If the collector area that can be seen that every level-one pulsating heat pipe heat dump 2 is identical with endotherm area, with series Increase, endothermic temperature is higher and higher, then leaking heat increases therewith；And when series increase to a certain extent after, the suction of heat collector Heat is equal with leaking heat, at this point, the temperature of thermal-arrest liquid reaches highest heat-collecting temperature, will not further increase, subsequent collection Thermal flow process can only waste pump work.Therefore, to improve heat collector goes out liquid temperature, then needs according to every level-one heat collecting liquid body temperature Leaking heat after rising improves the heat dump area of every level-one step by step.
Wherein it is determined that the calculation method of every level-one pipeline number and pressure drop are as follows:
Due to the closing of electrically operated valve 5 is to make the process change of thermal-arrest liquid, the process of thermal-arrest liquid Decision process is mainly the electrically operated valve 5 found and be in close state in process.The determination method of detailed process are as follows:
First determine whether single process, i.e., whether the double-tube heat exchanger 25 of all sockets be parallel connection.When meet except into Except the electrically operated valve 5 of liquid separating tube most end level-one is in close state, other all electrically operated valves 5 are all opening state In the case of, thermal-arrest liquid is single parallel-connection flow.
It is not single parallel-connection flow in thermal-arrest liquid, i.e., in the case of thermal-arrest liquid is multipaths, divides first in feed liquor Liquid pipe 1 finds the electrically operated valve 5 of first closing.That is j=1, i are gradually increased since 1, as a (x, 1)=0, then first The pipeline number of process is x；Then the electrically operated valve 5 of second closing is found on liquid collector tube 3 out, i.e. j=2, i continue from x Increase, as a (y, 2)=0, then the pipeline number of second procedure is y-x；Then the electrically operated valve 5 of next closing should be in feed liquor On separating tube 1, then, the electrically operated valve 5 of next closing being found on feed liquor separating tube 1, i.e. j=1, i are continued growing from y, As a (z, 2)=0, then the pipeline number of third process is z-y；And so on can obtain every level-one pipeline until i=n-1 Number.Two electrically operated valves 5 of last column are finally flowed out from liquid collector tube 3 out for domination set hot liquid, last motor-driven valve The switch state of door 5 is controlled by process number: when process pipeline number is odd number, the electrically operated valve 5 on feed liquor separating tube 1 is to close , the valve on liquid collector tube 3 is to open out；When process number is even number, the electrically operated valve 5 on feed liquor separating tube 1 is out It opens, the electrically operated valve 5 on liquid collector tube 3 is to close out.
Entire heat collector can be calculated after determining the number for completing process and the double-tube heat exchanger 25 in each process The pressure drop of thermal-arrest liquid.Its sum of pressure drop for being equal to every level-one.And the pressure drop of every level-one be equal to double-tube heat exchanger 25 along journey pressure The sum of drop and partial drop of pressure.Wherein:
Single double-tube heat exchanger 25 along journey pressure drop are as follows:
In formula, λ is that, since the flowing of thermal-arrest liquid is generally laminar flow, can use along journey pressure-drop coefficientL For the length of tube that absorbs heat；V is the flow velocity of thermal-arrest liquid in absorbing pipe；G is acceleration of gravity；Re is the Reynolds number of thermal-arrest liquid；ρ For thermal-arrest fluid density；D is heat absorption pipe outside diameter；μ is thermal-arrest liquid dynamic viscosity；
Partial drop of pressure are as follows:
In formula, ξ is partial drop of pressure coefficient, since the partial drop of pressure of heat collector is mainly that feed liquor separating tube 1 arrives sleeve heat exchange Pressure drop caused by device 25, double-tube heat exchanger 25 to the caliber mutation and flow direction for going out liquid thermal-collecting tube 3, such as in a kind of specific reality It applies in mode, ξ can be taken as 1.
Further, by formula (8) it is found that outlet temperature and solar radiation for the thermal-arrest liquid of multistage heat collector are strong Degree, heat collector area, heat dump area, the hot coefficient of heat transfer of leakage, environment temperature, thermal-arrest specific heat of liquid and flow have relationship.Therefore In the case of given thermal-arrest class of liquids, it is believed that the specific heat of thermal-arrest liquid is constant；In given intensity of solar radiation Under under situation, heat collector goes out liquid temperature and environment temperature, flow, the area that goes out liquid heat collector 3, pulsating heat pipe heat dump 2 The relating to parameters such as area, the hot coefficient of heat transfer of leakage, it may be assumed that
And it is related with wind speed to leak hot coefficient, it may be assumed that
Tout_i=f (v, Ah_n,An,m,Ta) (12)
And the energy utilization efficiency of heat collector, in addition to thermal-arrest liquid caloric receptivity mutually outside the Pass, also with pumping thermal-arrest The pump work of liquid is related.Specifically: heat collector net efficiency=(heat collecting liquid body temperature liter-pump work)/solar radiation energy.And pump work Then there is relationship with the flow of thermal-arrest liquid and process.That is, to obtain the net energy utilization efficiency of higher heat collector, Under the premise of meeting the feed flow temperature and flow of thermal-arrest liquid, the process of thermal-arrest liquid is reasonably planned, and by the greatest extent Amount reduces the pressure drop of thermal-arrest liquid to reduce pump work.
Therefore, it under the conditions of different solar radiations, can pulse by adjusting the switch state of electrically operated valve 5 to adjust The area of heat pipe receiver 2 and adjust heat collector by the area of heat collector and flow go out liquid temperature and net energy benefit Use efficiency.If the operating mode of heat collector may include following three kinds of target operational modes:
1) maximum temperaturerise under given flow, the mode are suitable for the situation required to the heat-collecting temperature of heat collector.
2) to the maximum stream flow made at a temperature of liquid, which is suitable for the situation required to the heat-collecting capacity of heat collector.
3) the minimum pump work under given temperature, flow, the mode are suitable for that thermal-arresting energy-saving is required to run, are minimum from wasted work Situation.
Referring to Fig.1, it is the path for more clearly expressing thermal-arrest liquid, can be such as indicated by matrix A={ a (i, j) } The switch state of each electrically operated valve 5.Wherein (i, j) indicates the coordinate of electrically operated valve 5, wherein i is indicated along thermal-arrest liquid The columns of flow direction, j indicate the line number along thermal-arrest liquid flow direction.Such as, indicate that the electrically operated valve 5 is feed liquor when j=1 Indicate that the electrically operated valve 5 is the electrically operated valve 5 on liquid collector tube 3 when electrically operated valve 5, j=2 on separating tube 1.A's (i, j) It is worth the switch state for the electrically operated valve 5 that indicates coordinate is (i, j)；It such as may is that as a (i, j)=1, indicate that electrically operated valve 5 is Open state, and as a (i, j)=0, then it represents that electrically operated valve 5 is in off state.Then each electrically operated valve of entire heat collector 5 switch state can be expressed as (0,1) matrix of n × 2, it can be described by the value of each a (i, j) entire The process of the thermal-arrest liquid of heat collector.
The specific optimization algorithm that control unit controls the switch state of electrically operated valve 5 may be summarized to be:
It is the setting of objective function first: according to user demand or the analysis based on research and/or practice, sets several A alternative objective function, such as alternative objective function may include following three kinds of functions:
I) index that objective function obtains is the maximum temperaturerise under given flow, it may be assumed that
When m=constant, f1=max (Δ T)；Wherein Δ T indicates the maximum temperature rise of thermal-arrest liquid；
Ii) index that objective function obtains is to the maximum stream flow made at a temperature of liquid, it may be assumed that
As thermal-arrest liquid discharge liquid temperature ToutWhen=constant, f2=max (m)；
Iii) index that objective function obtains is to the minimum pump work made at a temperature of liquid, it may be assumed that
As liquid temperature T outoutWhen sum aggregate hot liquid flow m=constant, f3=min (Ppump)。
Due to sea water desalination circulation seawater heating temperature be set, i.e., the heat-collecting temperature of thermal-arrest liquid it has been determined that Above-mentioned objective function iii) corresponding collection heat pattern is suitable for the present invention, i.e., heat collector is applied to the desalination to seawater.
Remote control apparatus can select any one in above-mentioned objective function as under current collection heat pattern Objective function, the objective function are the collection heat pattern of corresponding a certain emphasis (particular requirement under applicable situation).In one kind In possible embodiment, the process optimized to the collection heat pattern may include:
Initialization step: random to generate the M n for meeting the process of the above-mentioned thermal-arrest liquid that be used to describe entire heat collector The value of × 2 matrix, i.e., element a [i, j] therein randomly selects between zero and one, and rejecting in above-mentioned M matrix does not have physics The matrix of meaning, such as the matrix of physical significance does not include at least:
A) the matrix for causing the process open circuit of thermal-arrest liquid need to guarantee that as a (i, 1) and a (i, 2) cannot be simultaneously 0.
With further reference to figure, whenWhen, upper lower two electrically operated valves 5 in are in simultaneously due in Closed state will lead to the thermal-arrest liquid open circuit in heat collector, that is, can not achieve most basic heat collector entrance inflow, outlet stream Path out belongs to invalid process, it is therefore desirable to be rejected before optimizing calculating to path.
B) matrix that high-temperature level collector area is less than low-temperature level area, i.e., the heat collector surface of the process of every grade thermal-arrest liquid are rejected The collector area of product≤rear stage, and the collector area of >=previous stage.
With further reference to figure, whenWhen, i.e., all electrically operated valves 5 are in an open state, and process is simultaneously Connection；WhenWhen, it is thtee-stage shiplock thermal-arrest；
WhenWhen, two-stage thermal-arrest is formed, wherein rudimentary is a process thermal-arrest, second level is two process collection Heat, second level collector area are greater than level-one collector area, meet the requirements；
And work asWhen, it is similarly formed two-stage thermal-arrest, wherein rudimentary is two process thermal-arrests, second level one Process thermal-arrest, second level collector area is less than level-one collector area, undesirable, should give rejecting.The reason of rejecting are as follows: when low When the temperature of grade thermal-arrest is sufficiently high, leaking heat >=solar radiation quantity of advanced thermal-arrest will cause, then the thermal-arrest temperature of heat collector Degree will not continue to increase, i.e., the collector area of advanced thermal-arrest does not contribute the thermal-arrest of heat collector, it is therefore desirable to path into Row optimization is rejected before calculating.
The corresponding target function value of M1 matrix after rejecting, with physical significance is calculated, stage optimal value is obtained. Using the corresponding matrix A of stage optimal value as the initial value of objective matrix B；That is: the M1 matrix with physical significance is selected In optimal that matrix of corresponding target function value, the initial value as objective matrix B；
Optimization Steps: optimizing above-mentioned objective matrix B according to the rule of setting, meets stopping for setting in optimization process Only to get the target function value arrived under the collection heat pattern when condition.Corresponding thermal-arrest liquid path is obtained according to target function value, Thermal-arrest liquid path after as optimizing.Control device combines the open and-shut mode of current electrically operated valve 5, to each electronic Valve 5 sends instruction, and the path of thermal-arrest liquid is adjusted to the path of the corresponding thermal-arrest liquid of the target function value.
As a kind of simple example may is that user at remote control apparatus end by the target operation mould of current heat collector The index that formula is set as being obtained as objective function is collection heat pattern corresponding to " maximum temperaturerise under given flow ", then controls dress It sets and the M1 corresponding control instruction of matrix A as initial value is issued to each electrically operated valve 5:
Such as above-mentioned M1=1, the path of the thermal-arrest liquid for the heat collector that control instruction corresponding to matrix A is formed is " multistage Series connection ", (2,5) in five electrically operated valves in for example Fig. 1 are in an open state, remaining is in off state, this i.e. initial value pair The stage optimal value answered, the i.e. initial value as objective matrix B [n, 2].According to the stage optimal value, test is calculated simultaneously Record the inlet and outlet temperature difference of heat collector.
The process optimized to above-mentioned stage optimal value can be, control device according to the rule of setting (such as empirical value, Random data exchange etc.) adjustment matrix A in element value, such as by be thermal-arrest liquid path be adjusted to " most end two-stage be go here and there Connection ", (1,5) (lower right, the upper left side) in 5 electrically operated valves in for example Fig. 1 are in off state, remaining is in an open state, and is formed Be string and combined two-stage process, this i.e. first suboptimization for being carried out to stage optimal value.According to the first time optimal value.Root According to the first time optimal value, the temperature difference of the import and export of heat collector is tested, calculated and record.
The path of comparison perfecting by stage value and the corresponding two kinds of thermal-arrest liquid of first time optimal value is at heat collector import and export The temperature difference, if the first (" plural serial stage ") inlet and outlet temperature difference be greater than second, control device retransmit instruction, with " plural serial stage " does not replace the value of objective matrix B [n, 2] as current thermal-arrest liquid flow, according to setting rule into Traveling one-step optimization；If the first temperature difference less than second, needs to change process, by the corresponding thermal-arrest of first time optimal value The path of liquid is as current thermal-arrest liquid flow, i.e. after the initial value of objective matrix B [n, 2] replaces with change process Value, is advanced optimized according to the rule of setting；Condition (such as iteration or exchange times) until meeting setting, i.e., will most Thermal-arrest liquid flow corresponding to primary optimal value calculates under the optimal state of value as the optimal value under the collection heat pattern afterwards The import and export temperature difference of thermal-arrest liquid of heat collector be maximum temperaturerise (outlet temperature-inlet temperature), and obtain objective matrix The process of the corresponding thermal-arrest liquid of B [n, 2].
Certainly, it in order to shorten the operation cost of optimization and improve optimum level, can also carry out according to actual needs It programs or introduces existing other and be used to carry out the ripe algorithm of optimization selection.It, will be current such as still with previous example Heat collector target operational mode be set as be by the index that objective function obtains " maximum temperaturerise under given flow " institute it is right The mode answered, inventor have carried out a kind of specific programming according to actual demand, to the optimization process, and logic diagram is specifically joined According to Fig. 5, the detailed process that is optimized by the algorithm of the programming to the path of thermal-arrest liquid can be with are as follows:
501) the corresponding target function value of each matrix of M1 is calculated, optimal optimal as the stage of selection target functional value Value；It extracts the corresponding matrix A of stage optimal value and is stored in objective matrix B [n, 2], as the first of objective matrix B [n, 2] Initial value.
502) probability in M1 matrix with setting selects matrix selection matrix A1 and A2 and carries out calculated crosswise, gives birth to again At two new matrix As 1 ' and A2 '.The mode of calculated crosswise is as follows: 1. generating integer C at random between 1 and n；2. by matrix A 1 The numerical value of (i > C) is interchangeable in the element a1 [i, j] and a2 [i, j] in A2；3. there is no physics after rejecting matrix switch The matrix of meaning, while the matrix of not physical significance B [n, 2] cover being replaced；Generate the matrix group after intersecting.
Wherein, whether some matrix in matrix group is selected the probability for calculated crosswise, corresponding with the matrix The calculated value of objective function is related, it may be assumed that when objective function is the function of maximizing operation described in the present embodiment, then square The corresponding target function value of matrix in battle array group is bigger, then is selected bigger for the probability of intersection；Correspondingly, work as target Function be minimize operation function when, then the corresponding target function value of matrix in matrix group is smaller, then be selected use In intersection probability with regard to smaller.
503) variation calculating is carried out to the matrix group after intersection obtained above, the mode for the calculating that makes a variation is as follows: 1. 1 Generate integer D at random between n；2. determining whether the matrix individual in above-mentioned matrix group participates in making a variation with certain probability It calculates.Herein, single matrix participates in the probability completely random of variation, unrelated with remaining any condition；3. if some matrix A It takes part in variation to calculate, then it is reverse the corresponding numerical value of a [i, j] (i=D) to be carried out logic, it may be assumed that if it is 1, then becomes 0；If It is 0, then is assigned a value of 1；4. rejecting the matrix of not no physical significance after matrix variation；Still the matrix of not physical significance is used B [n, 2] cover replaces；Matrix group after generating variation.
504) after carrying out above-mentioned variation, intersection, the initial value of an optimal matrix of target value and B [n, 2] are compared, If corresponding target function value is better than initial value, continued with stage optimal value substitution initial value if initial value is more excellent Retain initial value to get to stage optimal value, aforementioned intersection and mutation operator is repeated to the matrix group body after variation, to rank Section optimal value is advanced optimized.
505) until reach setting the number of iterations or setting other stop conditions when, in M1 obtained matrix In, according to its corresponding target function value, by one group of optimal value as objective matrix B [n, 2] that target function value is optimal.
506) switch state for controlling each electrically operated valve 5 is adjusted, so that the flow path of thermal-arrest liquid is according to target Path determined by the optimal value of matrix B [n, 2] is optimal path.
According to actual needs, the flow that the thermal-arrest liquid of heat collector is entered by adjusting, by each in control heat collector A electrically operated valve 5 is opened and closed to adjust the process of thermal-arrest liquid, combining environmental temperature, wind speed, solar radiation, heat collector size etc. Influence factor can realize different liquid temperature out for different applications in the downstream of liquid collector tube 3 out.Such as exist It is then real by driving absorption refrigeration or organic Rankine cycle power generation system by liquid temperature out to 100 DEG C or more when summer The utilization that now thermal energy of collection is freezed or generated electricity improves the conversion ratio of thermal energy collected by heat collector.
The step of being realized using thermal-arrest liquid control method of the invention to sea water desalination in sea water desalination circulation is specific Are as follows: after booting, control unit according to the parameter of heat collector (as include the size of heat collector, the size of pulsating heat pipe heat dump 2, The size etc. of CPC4) and operation data (such as environment temperature, wind speed, solar radiation, thermal-arrest liquid out temperature, pressure drop and stream Amount etc.), the objective function of current collection heat pattern is optimized, it is corresponding each in the case of objective function optimal value The process of thermal-arrest liquid determined by the switch state of electrically operated valve 5 is theoretic best process.Thermal-arrest liquid is through best After process flows out heat collector, the heat exchanger 14 being set to inside evaporator 13 is flowed into, 14 surface of heat exchanger is sprayed to by heating Seawater make its evaporation with realize desalination.Thermal-arrest liquid and seawater are exchanged heat by dividing wall type heat exchanger, heat exchange and are not occurred Mixing.The main points that the present invention includes specifically include that
1) by being heat absorbing member with pulsating heat pipe heat dump 2, instead of heat pipe or conventional absorbing pipe, the processing is simple, cost It is cheap, and as a preference, pulsating heat pipe heat dump 2 outer diameter≤4mm (preferably 1~4mm, more preferably 2~4mm), And by using CPC4 as beam condensing unit, and as a preference, the interception of CPC4 than range is 0~4/5, can use The molding of the processing technologys such as 3D printing, effectively increases the endothermic heat flow density of pulsating heat pipe heat dump 2, reduces heat dissipation area, The size (being highly less than or equal to 50mm) of CPC can be made suitable with conventional panel heat collector and vacuum tube collector, and had normal The focusing ratio that even as high as 10 times of 2~5 times of heat collector of rule；It and according to the actual situation and demand, can be with single sleeve heat exchange The heat absorbing units basic as one of evaporator section corresponding to device 25, also can use second level dispenser will be mostly with double-tube heat exchanger 25 is in parallel, using its corresponding each evaporator section heat absorbing units basic as one；And entire heat collector by metal tubes come Connection, therefore there is certain bearing capacity, while there is frost-cracking-preventing ability in winter.
2) thermal-arrest liquid (can be liquid above-mentioned or gaseous medium) be adjusted by the switch state of electrically operated valve 5 Flow path, and the switch state of electrically operated valve 5 can be by control unit according to set temperature, environment temperature, wind speed, the sun Radiation intensity, thermal-arrest fluid flow and/or disengaging flow pressure drop etc. parameters determine, so that the complete machine under current collection thermal environment Collecting efficiency can farthest cater to the demand of application.According to different needs, by adjusting electrically operated valve 5 Switch state adjusts the process into the thermal-arrest liquid of heat collector, can also be adjusted by the aperture of flow control valve 9 into Enter the flow of the thermal-arrest liquid of heat collector, so as to realize the seawater to different seawater heating temperature requirements to the full extent Desalination.
In conjunction with attached drawing, embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above, and attached drawing herein is for providing to this Invention is further understood.Obviously, the foregoing is merely the preferable specific embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention Be not limited thereto, it is any be to one skilled in the art can readily occur in, essentially without be detached from it is of the invention Change or replacement are also all included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of desalination plant, which is characterized in that the desalination plant includes:
Sea water desalination circulation comprising the evaporator and condenser being connected to by jet chimney；
Wherein, it is equipped with heat exchanger and Recuperative heat exchanger respectively in the evaporator and condenser；
Wherein, the water outlet of the Recuperative heat exchanger stretches to the heat exchanger；
And solar thermal collector comprising shell and be placed in the intracorporal thermal-arrest portion of the shell；
Wherein, the thermal-arrest portion includes feed liquor separating tube, goes out liquid collector tube and be placed in pulsating heat pipe thermal-arrest list between the two Member；
Wherein, the pulsating heat pipe heat collection unit includes compound parabolic concentrator, pulsating heat pipe heat dump and double-tube heat exchanger, institute It states pulsating heat pipe heat dump to be formed by several groups evaporator section and condensation segment interval, the evaporator section is placed in the compound throwing across column Object condenser；The both ends of the sheath body of described sleeve pipe heat exchanger are connected to the feed liquor separating tube and the liquid collector tube out respectively, The condensation segment is placed in the sheath body；
Working medium in the evaporator section absorb by the compound parabolic concentrator reflect too can radiation energy, be transmitted to the condensation Thermal-arrest liquid heat exchange in Duan Bingyu double-tube heat exchanger, the thermal-arrest liquid is in the feed liquor separating tube, the liquid collector tube out Flow path is formed between at least part described sleeve pipe heat exchanger, the heat exchanger makes the flow path form closed loop； The number for accessing the described sleeve pipe heat exchanger of the flow path is adjustable.
2. desalination plant according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the feed liquor separating tube and the liquid liquid collecting out Several electrically operated valves are distributed on pipe, by adjusting the switch state of each electrically operated valve, in the electronic of open state Valve enables to thermal-arrest liquid can in the feed liquor separating tube, described formed between liquid collector tube and described sleeve pipe heat exchanger out The flow path of adjustment, multistage pulsating heat pipe heat dump heat absorption；
Wherein, to swim over to the direction in the downstream direction incremental as the heat absorption series of pulsating heat pipe heat dump on feed liquor separating tube, then The endotherm area of the pulsating heat pipe heat dump of the higher high-temperature level of series >=pulsating heat pipe in the lower low-temperature level of series is inhaled The endotherm area of hot device.
3. desalination plant according to claim 2, which is characterized in that further include control unit, with each motor-driven valve Door is electrical connection, for adjusting the switch state of each electrically operated valve；
And for the flow path of the formation of the switch state for adjusting each electrically operated valve through the control unit, pulsing On the incremental direction of the heat absorption series of heat pipe receiver, when total heat absorption series of pulsating heat pipe heat dump is odd number, it is set to institute The electrically operated valve for stating the most downstream on feed liquor separating tube should close, the motor-driven valve of the most downstream on the liquid collector tube out Door should be opened；When the heat absorption series of pulsating heat pipe heat dump is even number, most downstream on the feed liquor separating tube Electrically operated valve should be opened, and the electrically operated valve of the most downstream on the liquid collector tube out should close.
4. desalination plant according to claim 3, which is characterized in that be additionally provided with adjusting stream on the feed liquor separating tube Control valve adjusts the aperture for adjusting flow control valve by the control unit, to adjust thermal-arrest liquid in the flowing Flow in path.
5. desalination plant according to claim 3, which is characterized in that further include sensor group comprising:
First sensor group is set to the upstream of the feed liquor separating tube, joins for detecting thermal-arrest liquid in the feature of entrance Number；
Second sensor group is set to the downstream of the liquid collector tube out, joins for detecting feature of the thermal-arrest liquid in exit Number；
3rd sensor group is set in environment locating for the solar thermal collector, for detecting environmental parameter；And
Sea water desalination temperature sensor is set to the water outlet of the Recuperative heat exchanger of sea water desalination circulation, for detecting sea The heating temperature of water；
The first sensor group, the second sensor group, the 3rd sensor group and the sea water desalination temperature pass Sensor is electrically connected with the control unit respectively, for providing the switch for adjusting each electrically operated valve to the control unit The basic parameter of state.
6. desalination plant according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which is characterized in that with pulsating heat pipe suction The axial direction of hot device is length direction, and the compound parabolic concentrator and the pulsating heat pipe heat dump are in the length direction Size is adapted, and the range of the interception ratio of the compound parabolic concentrator is 0~4/5.
7. desalination plant according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which is characterized in that the pulsating heat pipe heat absorption Device is placed in along its length on the focal circle of the compound parabolic concentrator, and caliber≤4mm of the pulsating heat pipe heat dump.
8. desalination plant according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which is characterized in that by the institute of two-way or more It states double-tube heat exchanger parallel connection and forms sleeve heat exchange pipe group, the two sides of described sleeve pipe set of heat exchange tubes pass through second level dispenser and institute respectively Feed liquor separating tube is stated to be connected to the liquid collector tube out.
9. a kind of flow control method of such as thermal-arrest liquid of the described in any item desalination plants of claim 1-8, special Sign is that the flow control method includes:
Control unit acquires the parameter and operation data of solar thermal collector, also acquires the heating temperature of seawater；
Control unit based on the parameter, the operation data and the heating temperature, to selected current sea water desalination mode Under the objective function of corresponding solar thermal collector optimize；
Control unit obtains corresponding feed liquor separating tube and liquid liquid collecting out set on solar thermal collector when objective function is optimal value The target switch state of each electrically operated valve on pipe；
Wherein, the optimal value is minimum pump work under given temperature and flow；
The switch state of electrically operated valve is adjusted to target switch state by control unit, so that the thermal-arrest liquid of solar thermal collector exists It is formed between heat exchanger in the evaporator of feed liquor separating tube, out liquid collector tube, double-tube heat exchanger and sea water desalination circulation adjustable Whole flow path.
10. flow control method according to claim 9, which is characterized in that the flow control method further include:
The information that control unit shows the heating temperature of the seawater and obtained according to parameter and operation data, comprising:
Liquid in-out temperature, flow and the pressure difference of thermal-arrest liquid；Current environmental parameter；And each electrically operated valve is current Switch state；
The parameter and operation data for storing desalination plant, recall for subsequent.
CN201610793955.6A 2016-08-31 2016-08-31 The flow control method of desalination plant and thermal-arrest liquid Active CN106277131B (en)

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CN107784388A (en) * 2017-09-22 2018-03-09 同济大学 Heat collector area optimization method for adsorption-type solar seawater desalination system
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CN101921006B (en) * 2010-06-09 2012-11-07 深圳市环境工程科学技术中心 Integrated condensing solar power and seawater desalination method and system
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CN105253938B (en) * 2015-11-11 2018-04-06 周小光 A kind of solar energy sea water desalination apparatus
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