CN106319535B - Heat treatment method for gear shaft - Google Patents
Heat treatment method for gear shaft Download PDFInfo
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- CN106319535B CN106319535B CN201510387593.6A CN201510387593A CN106319535B CN 106319535 B CN106319535 B CN 106319535B CN 201510387593 A CN201510387593 A CN 201510387593A CN 106319535 B CN106319535 B CN 106319535B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a heat treatment method for treating a gear shaft, comprising the following steps: preheating a gear shaft to 400-500 ℃ in a preheating furnace; setting the charging temperature of the carburizing furnace to be 900-910 ℃; putting the whole gear shaft into the carburizing furnace, controlling the furnace temperature to be 900-930 ℃, and preserving the heat for 2-8 hours; adjusting the furnace temperature of the carburizing furnace to be 830-850 ℃, and preserving the temperature for 30-50 minutes; taking the gear shaft out of the carburizing furnace, and placing the gear shaft into an induction quenching furnace, wherein the furnace temperature is controlled to be between 840 ℃ and 860 ℃, and the time is controlled within 2 hours; taking the gear shaft out of the induction type quenching furnace, and putting the gear shaft into a tempering furnace for low-temperature tempering, wherein the furnace temperature is controlled to be between 150 ℃ and 250 ℃, and the low-temperature tempering is carried out for 2 to 5 hours; and taking the gear shaft out of the tempering furnace, and air-cooling to the ambient temperature.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a heat treatment method of a gear shaft for an excavator.
Background
In order to ensure the heavy-load reliability and high precision of gear shafts used in large heavy-load construction machinery, heat treatment needs to be performed on the gear shafts to improve the hardness. In an excavator, a sun gear shaft and an output gear shaft are generally used for outputting power in a traveling mechanism and a slewing mechanism. This requires that the tooth roots of these gear shafts must have a sufficiently high hardness.
There are generally two conventional heat treatment methods for such gear shafts. One is integral carburizing quenching and low temperature tempering, and the other is induction quenching and low temperature tempering. However, the heat treatment process using bulk carburization plus tempering invariably results in deformation of the parts being treated. The heat treatment method of induction quenching can not ensure that the tooth root of the gear shaft is sufficiently hardened, and under the heavy-load working condition, the part can be cracked or even the tooth root is broken, so that the service life of the whole mechanism is influenced.
Therefore, it is highly desirable to improve the heat treatment method for gear shafts, reduce the incidence of deformation of the treated gear shafts and increase the hardness of the tooth roots.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an improved heat treatment method, which can reduce the deformation incidence rate of a gear shaft and improve the hardness of the tooth root of a gear, avoid the unfavorable condition of crack or fracture of the tooth root and prolong the service life of a mechanism if a sun gear shaft and an output gear shaft in a walking mechanism and a slewing mechanism of an excavator are treated by the heat treatment method.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a heat treatment method for treating a gear shaft, particularly a gear shaft employed in an excavator, comprising the steps of:
preheating a gear shaft to 400-500 ℃ in a preheating furnace;
setting the charging temperature of the carburizing furnace to be 900-910 ℃;
putting the whole gear shaft into the carburizing furnace, controlling the furnace temperature to be 900-930 ℃, and preserving the heat for 2-8 hours;
adjusting the furnace temperature of the carburizing furnace to be 830-850 ℃, and preserving the temperature for 30-50 minutes;
taking the gear shaft out of the carburizing furnace, and placing the gear shaft into an induction quenching furnace, wherein the furnace temperature is controlled to be between 840 ℃ and 860 ℃, and the time is controlled within 2 hours;
taking the gear shaft out of the induction type quenching furnace, and putting the gear shaft into a tempering furnace for low-temperature tempering, wherein the furnace temperature is controlled to be between 150 ℃ and 250 ℃, and the low-temperature tempering is carried out for 2 to 5 hours; and
and taking the gear shaft out of the tempering furnace, and air-cooling to the ambient temperature.
Preferably, the gear shaft is made of low carbon alloy steel such as 20CrMnTi or 20 CrMnMo.
Preferably, the gear shaft is maintained in the carburizing furnace at a furnace temperature of 900 ℃ to 930 ℃ for 2 to 8 hours in a manner that the carbon potential is controlled to be between 0.8 and 1.1C%.
Preferably, the gear shaft is controlled to have a carbon potential of 0.7 to 0.9C% in the carburizing furnace at a furnace temperature of 830 to 850 ℃ for 30 to 50 minutes.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a heat treatment method for treating a gear shaft, particularly a gear shaft employed in an excavator, comprising the steps of:
preheating a gear shaft to 400-500 ℃ in a preheating furnace;
setting the charging temperature of the carburizing furnace to be 890-900 ℃;
putting the whole gear shaft into the carburizing furnace, controlling the furnace temperature to be 880-910 ℃, and preserving the heat for 2-8 hours;
adjusting the furnace temperature of the carburizing furnace to be between 815 ℃ and 830 ℃, and keeping the temperature for about 30 minutes;
taking the gear shaft out of the carburizing furnace, and putting the gear shaft into a high-temperature tempering furnace for high-temperature tempering, wherein the furnace temperature is controlled to be between 550 ℃ and 700 ℃, and the high-temperature tempering lasts for 2 hours to 5 hours;
taking the gear shaft out of the high-temperature tempering furnace, and air-cooling to the ambient temperature;
setting the charging temperature of the preheating furnace to be between 750 and 770 ℃;
integrally placing the gear shaft into the preheating furnace and preserving heat for about 2 hours;
taking the gear shaft out of the preheating furnace, and placing the gear shaft into an induction quenching furnace, wherein the furnace temperature is controlled to be 850-870 ℃, and the time is controlled within 2 hours;
taking the gear shaft out of the induction type quenching furnace, and putting the gear shaft into a low-temperature tempering furnace for low-temperature tempering, wherein the furnace temperature is controlled between 150 ℃ and 250 ℃, and the low-temperature tempering lasts for 2 to 5 hours; and
and taking the gear shaft out of the low-temperature tempering furnace, and air-cooling to the ambient temperature.
Optionally, the high-temperature tempering furnace and the preheating furnace are the same furnace.
Alternatively, the gear shaft can be machined after tempering at high temperature and air cooling to ambient temperature.
Preferably, the gear shaft is made of low carbon alloy steel such as 20CrMnTi or 20 CrMnMo.
Preferably, the gear shaft is kept in the carburizing furnace at a furnace temperature of 880 ℃ to 910 ℃ for 2 to 8 hours in a manner that the carbon potential is controlled to be 0.7 to 1.2C%.
Preferably, the gear shaft is kept in the carburizing furnace for about 30 minutes at the furnace temperature of 815-830 ℃ in a manner that the carbon potential is controlled to be 0.6-0.8C%.
Drawings
The foregoing and other aspects of the present invention will be more fully understood from the following detailed description, taken together with the following drawings. It is noted that the drawings may not be to scale for clarity of illustration and that this does not detract from the understanding of the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1a and 1b schematically show a travelling mechanism, a swing mechanism and a sun gear shaft and an output gear shaft thereof, respectively, of an excavator for which the heat treatment method according to the present invention is applied;
FIG. 2 schematically shows a time-temperature diagram of a first embodiment of a heat treatment method according to the invention; and is
Fig. 3 schematically shows a time-temperature diagram of a second embodiment of the heat treatment method according to the invention.
Detailed Description
In the various figures of the present application, features that are structurally identical or functionally similar are denoted by the same reference numerals.
Fig. 1a schematically shows a gearbox housing 1 of a running gear of an excavator, in which a planetary gear is mounted, in which a sun gear shaft 1a has an integrally formed gear wheel 1b on one end. Fig. 1b schematically shows a gearbox housing 2 of a swing mechanism of an excavator, in which a gear transmission is mounted, the output gear shaft 2a of which has an integrally formed gear 2b on one end. The heat treatment method of the present invention described below can be used to integrally treat the sun gear shaft 1a and the output gear shaft 2a described above.
However, it should be clear to those skilled in the art that the heat treatment method described in the present document is not limited to the specific example shown, but can be used to heat treat gear shafts for any heavy load and high precision requirements. It is to be noted that the heat treatment method of the present invention is mainly directed to gear shafts made of low carbon alloy steel such as 20CrMnTi or 20 CrMnMo.
Fig. 2 schematically shows a first embodiment of the heat treatment method according to the invention in the form of a time-temperature diagram, in which the axis of abscissa T represents time and the axis of ordinate T represents temperature, in particular the furnace temperature at which the part to be treated is placed in the treatment furnace. In addition, it should be noted that the time and furnace temperature of each process stage may vary depending on the size of the part being processed, and thus both the process time and furnace temperature are referred to as time periods and temperature periods in the first and second embodiments of the present invention. It will be clear to one skilled in the art after a period of time and temperature, how to determine the appropriate optimal time and optimal furnace temperature based on experience or experimentation and the particular part being processed.
In the first embodiment shown in fig. 2, the heat treatment apparatus employed includes a preheating furnace, a carburizing furnace, an induction quenching furnace, and a tempering furnace. These devices are all commercially available devices at present, and therefore the specific parameters of the devices are omitted here.
It will be clear to the skilled person that in either the above mentioned first or second embodiment of the heat treatment method of the invention, the part is preheated to 400 to 500 ℃ in a preheating furnace before it is first loaded into a carburizing furnace.
In the first embodiment of the heat treatment method of the present invention, first, the furnace temperature of the carburizing furnace is adjusted to the charging temperature T10Here, the charging temperature T10May be 900 ℃ to 910 ℃. Then, the part to be treated such as a sun gear shaft or an output gear shaft is integrally charged into a carburizing furnace, and the furnace temperature of the carburizing furnace is adjusted to T11Here, the furnace temperature T11May be 900 to 930 ℃, and the part is held at this temperature in a carburizing furnace11Time period, here, t11It may be 2 to 8 hours, so that the carbon potential of the treated part reaches 0.8 to 1.1C%. Thereafter, the furnace temperature of the carburizing furnace is adjusted to T12Here, the furnace temperature T12The temperature can be 830-850 ℃, the part is not moved in the carburizing furnace, and the diffusion heat preservation t is carried out12Time period, here, t12It may be between 30 minutes and 50 minutes, so that the carbon potential of the treated part reaches between 0.7C% and 0.9C%. Then, the treated part is taken out of the carburizing furnace and is placed into an induction quenching furnace for quenching, and the furnace temperature is adjusted to be T at the moment13Here, the furnace temperature T13May be from 840 ℃ to860 ℃ induction hardening time t13Within 2 hours, for example, from 0.5 hour to 2 hours. Then, the processed parts are taken out of the induction quenching furnace and put into a tempering furnace for low-temperature tempering treatment, and the furnace temperature is controlled to be T14Here, the furnace temperature T14Can be 150-250 ℃, and the time t of low-temperature tempering14From 2 hours to 5 hours. After the low temperature tempering is completed, the treated part is removed from the tempering furnace and allowed to air cool to room/ambient temperature for use as indicated by the arrow in fig. 2.
If the part to be processed is a heavy-duty part applied to a worse working condition or a gear shaft with higher accuracy requirement or the part has higher requirement on the metallographic microstructure uniformity, the part can be processed by adopting the heat treatment method according to the second embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 schematically shows a second embodiment of the heat treatment method according to the invention in the form of a time-temperature diagram, in which the axis of abscissa T represents time and the axis of ordinate T represents temperature, in particular the furnace temperature at which the part to be treated is placed in the treatment furnace.
In the second embodiment shown in fig. 3, the heat treatment apparatus employed includes a carburizing furnace, an induction-type quenching furnace, a preheating furnace, a high-temperature tempering furnace, and a low-temperature tempering furnace. These devices are all commercially available devices at present, and therefore the specific parameters of the devices are omitted here. It should be clear that in this second embodiment, the preheating furnace can also be omitted, and the same technical effect can be achieved by directly using a high-temperature tempering furnace instead of the preheating furnace.
In the second embodiment of the heat treatment method of the present invention, first, the furnace temperature of the carburizing furnace is adjusted to the charging temperature T20Here, the charging temperature T20Than the charging temperature T in the first embodiment10Is low in,May be 890 to 900 ℃. Then, the part to be treated such as a sun gear shaft or an output gear shaft is integrally charged into a carburizing furnace, and the furnace temperature of the carburizing furnace is adjusted to T21Here, the furnace temperature T21May be 880 ℃ to 910 ℃, and the part is held at this temperature in a carburizing furnace21Time period, here, t21It may be 2 to 8 hours, so that the carbon potential of the treated part reaches 0.7 to 1.2C%. Thereafter, the furnace temperature of the carburizing furnace is adjusted to T22Here, the furnace temperature T22The temperature can be 815-830 ℃, the parts are not moved in the carburizing furnace, and the diffusion heat preservation t is carried out22Time period, here, t22It may be about 30 minutes so that the carbon potential of the treated part reaches 0.6C% to 0.8C%. In this case, unlike the first embodiment, the treated part is taken out of the carburizing furnace and put into the high-temperature tempering furnace to be subjected to the high-temperature tempering treatment, and the furnace temperature is controlled to T23Here, the furnace temperature T23Can be 550-700 ℃, and the time t of high-temperature tempering23From 2 hours to 5 hours, thereby eliminating internal stress generated in the part upon quenching and improving the toughness of the part. And taking the treated part out of the high-temperature tempering furnace, and air-cooling the part to room temperature/ambient temperature so as to ensure that the metallographic microstructure in the part is more uniform. Unlike the first embodiment in which the part is directly heat treated to a finished product, in this stage of the second embodiment the part is processed to ensure greater accuracy, optionally the part can be further machined to improve accuracy without destroying the required carburized layer thickness.
Then, the parts at room temperature are put into a preheating furnace or a high-temperature tempering furnace, and the furnace temperature is controlled to be T24Here, the furnace temperature T24Can be 750-770 ℃, and the heat preservation time t24Here, t24May be about 2 hours. Then, the processed parts are taken out and placed in an induction quenching furnace for quenching, and the furnace temperature is adjusted to T25Here, the furnace temperature T25Can be 850-870 ℃, and the induction quenching time t25Within 2 hours, for example, from 1 hour to 2 hours. Then, the processed parts are taken out of the induction quenching furnace and put into a low-temperature tempering furnace for low-temperature tempering treatment, and the furnace temperature is controlled to be T26Here, the furnace temperature T26Can be 150-250 ℃, and the time t of low-temperature tempering26From 2 hours to 5 hours. After the low-temperature tempering is finished,the treated part was removed from the low temperature tempering furnace and allowed to air cool to room/ambient temperature for use as indicated by the arrows in fig. 3. The gear shaft treated by the heat treatment method of the second embodiment can control metallographic microstructure to be more uniform, can ensure sufficient hardening of a tooth root area, and avoids the occurrence of tooth root fracture during working under severe working conditions. In addition, no matter which heat treatment method mentioned above is adopted according to the invention, the surface of the treated part has hidden needle-shaped martensite, the core part has low-carbon martensite, and the transition layer structure is very uniform and has no net-shaped carbide. According to the measurement, the surface hardness of the treated part can reach 58 to 65HRC (Rockwell hardness unit), and the depth of the hardened layer can reach 0.6 to 3.0 mm.
Although specific embodiments of the invention have been described herein in detail, they have been presented for purposes of illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. Various substitutions, alterations, and modifications may be devised without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (14)
1. A heat treatment method for treating a gear shaft, the method comprising the steps of:
preheating a gear shaft to 400-500 ℃ in a preheating furnace;
setting the charging temperature of the carburizing furnace to be 900-910 ℃;
putting the whole gear shaft into the carburizing furnace, controlling the furnace temperature to be 900-930 ℃, and preserving the heat for 2-8 hours;
adjusting the furnace temperature of the carburizing furnace to be 830-850 ℃, and preserving the temperature for 30-50 minutes;
taking the gear shaft out of the carburizing furnace, and placing the gear shaft into an induction quenching furnace, wherein the furnace temperature is controlled to be between 840 ℃ and 860 ℃, and the time is controlled within 2 hours;
taking the gear shaft out of the induction type quenching furnace, and putting the gear shaft into a tempering furnace for low-temperature tempering, wherein the furnace temperature is controlled to be between 150 ℃ and 250 ℃, and the low-temperature tempering is carried out for 2 to 5 hours; and
and taking the gear shaft out of the tempering furnace, and air-cooling to the ambient temperature.
2. The heat treatment method of claim 1, wherein the gear shaft is made of a low carbon alloy steel.
3. The heat treatment method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the gear shaft is held in the carburizing furnace at a furnace temperature of 900 ℃ to 930 ℃ for 2 to 8 hours with the carbon potential controlled to be 0.8 to 1.1C%.
4. The heat treatment method according to claim 3, wherein the gear shaft is heated in the carburizing furnace at a furnace temperature of 830 ℃ to 850 ℃ for 30 minutes to 50 minutes in such a manner that the carbon potential is controlled to be 0.7 to 0.9C%.
5. The heat treatment method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the gear shaft is a gear shaft employed in an excavator.
6. The heat treatment method according to claim 2, characterized in that the low-carbon alloy steel is 20CrMnTi or 20 CrMnMo.
7. A heat treatment method for treating a gear shaft, the method comprising the steps of:
preheating a gear shaft to 400-500 ℃ in a preheating furnace;
setting the charging temperature of the carburizing furnace to be 890-900 ℃;
putting the whole gear shaft into the carburizing furnace, controlling the furnace temperature to be 880-910 ℃, and preserving the heat for 2-8 hours;
adjusting the furnace temperature of the carburizing furnace to be between 815 ℃ and 830 ℃, and preserving the temperature for 30 minutes;
taking the gear shaft out of the carburizing furnace, and putting the gear shaft into a high-temperature tempering furnace for high-temperature tempering, wherein the furnace temperature is controlled to be between 550 ℃ and 700 ℃, and the high-temperature tempering lasts for 2 hours to 5 hours;
taking the gear shaft out of the high-temperature tempering furnace, and air-cooling to the ambient temperature;
setting the charging temperature of the preheating furnace to be between 750 and 770 ℃;
integrally placing the gear shaft into the preheating furnace and preserving heat for 2 hours;
taking the gear shaft out of the preheating furnace, and placing the gear shaft into an induction quenching furnace, wherein the furnace temperature is controlled to be 850-870 ℃, and the time is controlled within 2 hours;
taking the gear shaft out of the induction type quenching furnace, and putting the gear shaft into a low-temperature tempering furnace for low-temperature tempering, wherein the furnace temperature is controlled between 150 ℃ and 250 ℃, and the low-temperature tempering lasts for 2 to 5 hours; and
and taking the gear shaft out of the low-temperature tempering furnace, and air-cooling to the ambient temperature.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the high temperature tempering furnace and the preheating furnace are the same furnace.
9. The method of claim 7 or 8, wherein the gear shaft is capable of being machined after tempering at high temperature and air cooling to ambient temperature.
10. The method of claim 7 or 8, wherein the gear shaft is made of a low carbon alloy steel.
11. The method according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the gear shaft is held in the carburizing furnace at a furnace temperature of 880 ℃ to 910 ℃ for 2 to 8 hours with the carbon potential controlled to be 0.7 to 1.2C%.
12. The heat treatment method according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the gear shaft is held in the carburizing furnace at a furnace temperature of 815 ℃ to 830 ℃ for 30 minutes in such a manner that the carbon potential is controlled to be 0.6 to 0.8C%.
13. The heat treatment method according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the gear shaft is a gear shaft employed in an excavator.
14. The heat treatment method of claim 10, wherein the low carbon alloy steel is 20CrMnTi or 20 CrMnMo.
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RU2643401C1 (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2018-02-01 | федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Тольяттинский государственный университет" | Device for heat and pressure treatment |
CN108441624A (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-08-24 | 常州大学 | A kind of laser-impact technique improving wind power gear gas carburizing efficiency |
CN108359928A (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-08-03 | 常州大学 | A kind of composite pretreatment technique improving wind power gear gas carburizing efficiency |
CN111748674B (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2022-03-29 | 山东金珠材料科技有限公司 | Tempering process based on metal heat treatment |
CN113106380A (en) * | 2021-04-07 | 2021-07-13 | 潍坊丰东热处理有限公司 | Heat treatment method for metal parts |
CN113943916A (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2022-01-18 | 石家庄双剑工具有限公司 | File manufacturing process |
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CN102392260A (en) * | 2011-10-11 | 2012-03-28 | 天津市祥威传动设备有限公司 | Carburizing direct quenching process for large-scale wind power gear/gear shaft |
CN102877072B (en) * | 2012-10-15 | 2014-08-27 | 常州市新城光大热处理有限公司 | Technology for quickly carburizing gear like parts at variable temperatures and carbon potentials |
CN103397293A (en) * | 2013-07-26 | 2013-11-20 | 浙江吉利汽车研究院有限公司 | Carburization process for heavy machinery part |
CN104805267A (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2015-07-29 | 柳州科尔特锻造机械有限公司 | Heat treatment process of gear |
CN104894574A (en) * | 2015-05-11 | 2015-09-09 | 柳州金盾机械有限公司 | Cemented quenching method of cylinder gear |
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