CN103397293A - Carburization process for heavy machinery part - Google Patents
Carburization process for heavy machinery part Download PDFInfo
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- CN103397293A CN103397293A CN2013103194127A CN201310319412A CN103397293A CN 103397293 A CN103397293 A CN 103397293A CN 2013103194127 A CN2013103194127 A CN 2013103194127A CN 201310319412 A CN201310319412 A CN 201310319412A CN 103397293 A CN103397293 A CN 103397293A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a carburization process for a heavy machinery part. The process comprises the following steps of: firstly performing carburization on the part, wherein the carburization temperature is 910-950 DEG C; then cooling, namely cooling the part to 780-800 DEG C, and performing air cooling on the part outside a furnace; then performing high-temperature tempering, wherein the high-temperature tempering temperature is 650-680 DEG C; subsequently, quenching; and performing low-temperature tempering. The carburization process for the heavy machinery part can effectively prevent the generation of grinding cracks, so that the service life of the heavy machinery part can be prolonged.
Description
Affiliated technical field
The present invention relates to thermal treatment process, and be particularly related to a kind of carburization process of heavy-duty machinery component.
Background technology
The work carrying that the environment for use of heavy-duty machinery component such as heavy-duty gear axle etc. is normally larger, stronger surging force and higher security etc., therefore, the heavy-duty machinery component, except should having good wear resisting property and higher contact fatigue strength and bending fatigue strength, also should have higher shock resistance and anti-overload ability.
In order to reach above-mentioned performance requriements, in actual production, most heavy-duty machinery component all adopt carburization process to process.But, the heavy-duty machinery component are through after existing carburization process carburizing treatment, grinding crack in the postorder ground finish, often occurs, cause the heavy-duty machinery component in use along crack initiation or peel off, thus the work-ing life of having reduced the heavy-duty machinery component.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, a kind of carburization process of heavy-duty machinery component is provided, effectively to prevent the generation of grinding crack, thus the work-ing life of prolongation heavy-duty machinery component.
It is to adopt following technical scheme to realize that the present invention solves its technical problem.
The present invention proposes a kind of carburization process of heavy-duty machinery component, and it comprises the following steps.At first, component are carried out to carburization step, carburizing temperature is 910～950 ℃.After carburization step, carry out cooling step, first component are chilled to 780～800 ℃ in advance, then by the component air cooling of coming out of the stove.After cooling step, component are carried out to the high tempering step, the high tempering temperature is 650～680 ℃.After the high tempering step to the component step of quenching.After the quenching step, component are carried out to the low-temperaturetempering step.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, the carburization process of heavy-duty machinery component of the present invention first is cooled to component 780～800 ℃ after carburizing, this precooling temperature is more than 910～950 ℃ of declines of carburizing temperature, lower precooling temperature can effectively reduce component while coming out of the stove, and martensitic transformation occurs in top layer, thereby reduces drawing stress on surface to obtain balanced weave.In addition, the carburization process of heavy-duty machinery component of the present invention is 650～680 ℃ by tempering temperature after carburizing is cooling high tempering step makes the abundant nodularization of the lamellar perlite of component surface obtain granular pearlite, therefore, effectively eliminated the effect of isolating of lamellar perlite, make for example brittle failure drag raising of the flank of tooth of heavy-duty gear axle of component, and the generation that can reduce the trend of follow-up hardening break and effectively prevent grinding crack.
The accompanying drawing explanation
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of carburization process of the heavy-duty machinery component of first embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic flow sheet of carburization process of the heavy-duty machinery component of second embodiment of the invention.
110,210: carburization step 120,220: cooling step
130,230: high tempering step 140,240: the quenching step
150: low-temperaturetempering step 252: low-temperaturetempering for the first time
254: low-temperaturetempering for the second time
Embodiment
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of carburization process of the heavy-duty machinery component of first embodiment of the invention.The heavy-duty machinery component are for example the heavy-duty gear axles.In the present embodiment, the heavy-duty gear axle is for example 20CrMnMo heavy-duty gear axle.20CrMnMo is a kind of high-intensity converted steel, and its main component consists of (by mass percentage): the carbon (C) of 0.90～1.20% manganese (Mn), 1.10～1.40% chromium (Cr), 0.20～0.30% molybdenum (Mo) 0.17～0.23% and 0.17～0.37% silicon (Si).
Before for example 20CrMnMo heavy-duty gear axle carries out carburization process to component, the front preparation step that need to carry out the component carburizing.For example, according to design requirement, forge successively, forge rear normalizing, rough turn, modified, turning, both ends of the surface, center hole, point circle, gear hobbing and cleaning surfaces etc., at this, will not describe in detail.In addition, carburization process also needs to carry out post-processing step after completing.For example, need to proceed each cylindrical of finish turning repair center hole, cylindrical grinding, finishing grinding tooth to post-processing steps such as finished product and keyseats.Certainly, according to the difference of actual fabrication component, the front preparation step of component carburizing and post-processing step also can be different, are not limited in above-mentioned steps.The technical parameter of 20CrMnMo heavy-duty gear axle is as follows: modulus M=25mm, helixangleβ=9.5 °, tooth number Z=17, tip diameter D=480.91mm, gear shaft overall length L=1685mm.Below will describe take 20CrMnMo heavy-duty gear axle as the carburization process of example to heavy component of machine.
Please refer to Fig. 1, at first, to component for example 20CrMnMo heavy-duty gear axle carry out carburization step 110.Carburization step 110 can be positioned over component in cementing furnace and carry out, and carburizing temperature is 910～950 ℃, is preferably 930 ℃.In the present embodiment, can first cementing furnace be preheated to 650 ℃, then be warming up to carburizing temperature and carry out carburizing, the soaking time of carburizing can be determined according to the size of component and the batch of cementing furnace, at this, be not particularly limited.
Afterwards, the component through carburization step 110 are carried out to cooling step 120.Cooling step 120 is after carburization step 110 finishes, and component directly are chilled to precooling temperature in advance in cementing furnace, then by the component air cooling of coming out of the stove.In the present embodiment, the carburization process of heavy-duty machinery component is first component to be cooled to 780～800 ℃ of precooling temperatures after carburization step 110, then component are come out of the stove below air cooling to 150 ℃, certainly also can directly component be come out of the stove to air cooling to room temperature.This precooling temperature descends more than carburizing temperature, martensitic transformation can occur in effective less component top layer when coming out of the stove in lower precooling temperature, thereby reduce drawing stress on surface to obtain balanced weave, and then improve the component particularly fatigue strength of heavy-duty gear axle tooth section and the brittle failure drag of the flank of tooth, while avoiding grinding, form grinding crack.In other words, if component are without precooling or the excess Temperature of precooling, while coming out of the stove air cooling, because the component top layer is cooling faster than heart section, when the component surface layer is chilled to martensite, start transition temperature Ms when following, component heart section temperature is also more than martensite starts transition temperature Ms point, and the component top layer martensitic transformation position occurs and produces volumetric expansion, make the component top layer be subject to stress, and component heart section is subject to tensile stress.In further process of cooling, the component temperature continues to reduce, the martensite volume on component top layer increases to the maximum value martensitic transformation to be finished, at this moment component heart section just starts to occur martensitic transformation generation volumetric expansion, therefore the component top layer is subject to the tractive of heart section, and residual tension increases greatly, thereby reduces the particularly fatigue strength of heavy-duty gear axle tooth section of component, and then cause the brittle failure drag of the flank of tooth lower, during grinding, easily form grinding crack.
Then, the component through cooling step 120 are carried out to high tempering step 130.In the present embodiment, component are warming up to 650～680 ℃ of high tempering temperature, soaking time is that 5～10 hours (h) carries out high tempering.Certainly, the soaking time of high tempering can be determined according to the material of component and size etc., not as limit.The carburization process of heavy-duty machinery component of the present invention is 650～680 ℃ by tempering temperature after carburizing is cooling high tempering step makes the abundant nodularization of the lamellar perlite of component surface obtain granular pearlite, therefore, effectively eliminated the effect of isolating of lamellar perlite, make for example brittle failure drag raising of the flank of tooth of heavy-duty gear axle of component, and the generation that can reduce the trend of follow-up hardening break and effectively prevent grinding crack, thereby the work-ing life of elongated component.
Then, to the step 140 of quenching of the component through high tempering step 130.In the present embodiment, quenchant is for example quenching oil, also, directly will be warming up to the component insulation of 840～850 ℃ and as in quenching oil, quenching.The soaking time of quenching can be come according to the material of component and size etc. definite, at this, is not particularly limited.Due to process cooling step 120 and high tempering step 130, the trend that component are crackings in quenching greatly reduces.
Afterwards, the component through quenching step 140 are carried out to low-temperaturetempering step 150.In the present embodiment, low-temperaturetempering step 150 is that the component through quenching step 140 are heated to 180～240 ℃ of low tempering temperatures, soaking time 3～5h.The tempering insulation time of the carburization process that the tempering insulation time of the tempering step 140 of the carburization process of the present embodiment is more general is long, long tempering time is conducive to further eliminate the unrelieved stress of component surface, and then improve the component particularly fatigue strength of heavy-duty gear axle tooth section and the brittle failure drag of the flank of tooth, while avoiding grinding, form grinding crack.
Fig. 2 is the schematic flow sheet of carburization process of the heavy-duty machinery component of second embodiment of the invention.Carburization process and first embodiment of the heavy-duty machinery component of the present embodiment are similar, wherein carburization step 210, cooling step 220, high tempering step 230 and quenching step 240 are roughly the same with carburization step 110, cooling step 120, high tempering step 130 and quenching step 140, do not repeat them here.The difference of the two is, the low-temperaturetempering step of the present embodiment comprises for the first time low-temperaturetempering 252 and low-temperaturetempering 254 for the second time.Wherein, the tempering temperature of low-temperaturetempering is 180～240 ℃ for the first time, soaking time 3～5h, and the tempering temperature of low-temperaturetempering is 180～240 ℃ for the second time, soaking time 3～5h.Secondary low-temperaturetempering in the present embodiment is conducive to further eliminate the unrelieved stress of component surface, and then improves the component particularly fatigue strength of heavy-duty gear axle tooth section and the brittle failure drag of the flank of tooth, while avoiding grinding, forms grinding crack.
The processing of the carburization process of the above-mentioned heavy-duty machinery component of process, the component for example tooth top hardness of 20CrMnMo heavy-duty gear axle can reach 57～62 Rockwell hardnesss (HRC), central part hardness can reach 35～40HRC, the Available Hardened Depth is 4.4～4.6mm, can meet the technical property requirements of heavy-duty gear axle.
It is worth mentioning that, the carburization process of the present embodiment is not only applicable to 20CrMnMo heavy-duty gear axle, and is applicable to the heavy-duty machinery component that other converted steel is made.
In sum, the carburization process of the heavy-duty machinery component of this case embodiment first is cooled to component 780～800 ℃ after carburizing, this precooling temperature is more than 910～950 ℃ of declines of carburizing temperature, lower precooling temperature can effectively reduce component while coming out of the stove, and martensitic transformation occurs in top layer, thereby reduces drawing stress on surface to obtain balanced weave.In addition, the carburization process of heavy-duty machinery component of the present invention is 650～680 ℃ by tempering temperature after carburizing is cooling high tempering step makes the abundant nodularization of the lamellar perlite of component surface obtain granular pearlite, therefore, effectively eliminated the effect of isolating of lamellar perlite, make for example brittle failure drag raising of the flank of tooth of heavy-duty gear axle of component, and the generation that can reduce the trend of follow-up hardening break and effectively prevent grinding crack, thereby the work-ing life of prolongation heavy-duty machinery component.In addition, when long, low-temperaturetempering is conducive to further eliminate the unrelieved stress of component surface with the secondary low-temperaturetempering, and then improves the component particularly fatigue strength of heavy-duty gear axle tooth section and the brittle failure drag of the flank of tooth, formation grinding crack while avoiding grinding.
the above, it is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not the present invention is done to any pro forma restriction, although the present invention discloses as above with preferred embodiment, yet not in order to limit the present invention, any those skilled in the art, within not breaking away from the technical solution of the present invention scope, when the technology contents that can utilize above-mentioned announcement is made a little change or is modified to the equivalent embodiment of equivalent variations, in every case be not break away from the technical solution of the present invention content, any simple modification that foundation technical spirit of the present invention is done above embodiment, equivalent variations and modification, all still belong in the scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the carburization process of heavy-duty machinery component, is characterized in that, it comprises:
Component are carried out to carburization step, and carburizing temperature is 910～950 ℃;
After this carburization step, carry out cooling step, first these component are chilled to 780～800 ℃ in advance, then by these component air cooling of coming out of the stove;
After this cooling step, these component are carried out to the high tempering step, the high tempering temperature is 650～680 ℃;
After this high tempering step to these component step of quenching; And
After this quenching step, these component are carried out to the low-temperaturetempering step.
2. the carburization process of heavy-duty machinery component according to claim 1, is characterized in that, these component are heavily loaded gear shaft.
3. the carburization process of heavy-duty machinery component according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the material of these component is 20CrMnMo converted steel.
4. the carburization process of heavy-duty machinery component according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in this cooling step, these component are come out of the stove below air cooling to 150 ℃.
5. the carburization process of heavy-duty machinery component according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in this cooling step, these component are come out of the stove air cooling to room temperature.
6. the carburization process of heavy-duty machinery component according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the soaking time of this high tempering step is 5～10h.
7. the carburization process of heavy-duty machinery component according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the tempering temperature of this low-temperaturetempering step is 180～240 ℃, and soaking time is 3～5h.
8. the carburization process of heavy-duty machinery component according to claim 1, is characterized in that, this low-temperaturetempering step comprises low-temperaturetempering and low-temperaturetempering for the first time for the second time.
9. the carburization process of heavy-duty machinery component according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, this for the first time the tempering temperature of low-temperaturetempering be 180～240 ℃, soaking time is 3～5h, and this for the second time the tempering temperature of low-temperaturetempering be 180～240 ℃, soaking time is 3～5h.
10. the carburization process of heavy-duty machinery component according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the quenchant of this quenching step is quenching oil, and quenching temperature is 840～850 ℃.
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Cited By (9)
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| CN106319535A (en) * | 2015-07-03 | 2017-01-11 | 博世力士乐（北京）液压有限公司 | Heat treatment method used for gear shaft |
| CN106868466A (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2017-06-20 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A kind of rare earth injection processing method for lifting vacuum carburization efficiency |
| CN106939403A (en) * | 2017-02-14 | 2017-07-11 | 哈尔滨汽轮机厂有限责任公司 | The method of 1Cr9Mo1VNbN material nozzle of steam turbine boronisings |
| CN107119177A (en) * | 2017-05-16 | 2017-09-01 | 沈阳透平机械股份有限公司 | The carburizing and quenching surface intensified technique of turbocompressor 12Cr2Ni4 high gears |
| CN107299202A (en) * | 2017-05-16 | 2017-10-27 | 沈阳透平机械股份有限公司 | The conditioning treatment process choice method of carburizing and quenching gear anti-distortion |
| CN107400850A (en) * | 2017-07-26 | 2017-11-28 | 苏州盈腾五金制品有限公司 | The carburization process of heavy-duty machinery parts |
| CN109097551A (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2018-12-28 | 重庆齿轮箱有限责任公司 | A kind of elongated gear shaft heat-treatment distortion control process |
| CN109175925A (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2019-01-11 | 南京创力传动科技有限公司 | The technique manufacturing method of integral type high speed rotor shafts |
| CN115287584A (en) * | 2022-08-08 | 2022-11-04 | 重庆齿轮箱有限责任公司 | Carburizing and quenching method for medium alloy carburizing steel |
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106319535A (en) * | 2015-07-03 | 2017-01-11 | 博世力士乐（北京）液压有限公司 | Heat treatment method used for gear shaft |
| CN106868466A (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2017-06-20 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A kind of rare earth injection processing method for lifting vacuum carburization efficiency |
| CN106939403B (en) * | 2017-02-14 | 2019-04-16 | 哈尔滨汽轮机厂有限责任公司 | The method of 1Cr9Mo1VNbN material nozzle of steam turbine boronising |
| CN106939403A (en) * | 2017-02-14 | 2017-07-11 | 哈尔滨汽轮机厂有限责任公司 | The method of 1Cr9Mo1VNbN material nozzle of steam turbine boronisings |
| CN107299202B (en) * | 2017-05-16 | 2019-06-28 | 沈阳透平机械股份有限公司 | The conditioning treatment process choice method of carburizing and quenching gear anti-distortion |
| CN107299202A (en) * | 2017-05-16 | 2017-10-27 | 沈阳透平机械股份有限公司 | The conditioning treatment process choice method of carburizing and quenching gear anti-distortion |
| CN107119177A (en) * | 2017-05-16 | 2017-09-01 | 沈阳透平机械股份有限公司 | The carburizing and quenching surface intensified technique of turbocompressor 12Cr2Ni4 high gears |
| CN107119177B (en) * | 2017-05-16 | 2019-07-12 | 沈阳透平机械股份有限公司 | The carburizing and quenching surface intensified technique of turbocompressor 12Cr2Ni4 high gear |
| CN107400850A (en) * | 2017-07-26 | 2017-11-28 | 苏州盈腾五金制品有限公司 | The carburization process of heavy-duty machinery parts |
| CN109097551A (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2018-12-28 | 重庆齿轮箱有限责任公司 | A kind of elongated gear shaft heat-treatment distortion control process |
| CN109175925A (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2019-01-11 | 南京创力传动科技有限公司 | The technique manufacturing method of integral type high speed rotor shafts |
| CN115287584A (en) * | 2022-08-08 | 2022-11-04 | 重庆齿轮箱有限责任公司 | Carburizing and quenching method for medium alloy carburizing steel |
| CN115287584B (en) * | 2022-08-08 | 2024-04-12 | 重庆齿轮箱有限责任公司 | Carburizing and quenching method for medium alloy carburizing steel |
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Application publication date: 20131120 |