CN106319535A - Heat treatment method used for gear shaft - Google Patents
Heat treatment method used for gear shaft Download PDFInfo
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- CN106319535A CN106319535A CN201510387593.6A CN201510387593A CN106319535A CN 106319535 A CN106319535 A CN 106319535A CN 201510387593 A CN201510387593 A CN 201510387593A CN 106319535 A CN106319535 A CN 106319535A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a heat treatment method used for treatment of a gear shaft. The heat treatment method includes the following steps that the gear shaft is preheated to 400-500 DEG C in a preheating furnace; the charging temperature of a carburizing furnace is set to be 900-910 DEG C; the gear shaft is integrally placed into the carburizing furnace, the furnace temperature is controlled to be 900-930 DEG C, and heat preservation lasts for 2-8 hours; the furnace temperature of the carburizing furnace is adjusted to be 830-850 DEG C, and heat preservation lasts for 30-50 minutes; the gear shaft is taken out of the carburizing furnace and placed into an induction type hardening furnace, the furnace temperature is controlled to be 840-860 DEG C, and time is controlled to be within 2 hours; the gear shaft is taken out of the induction type hardening furnace and placed into a tempering furnace for low temperature tempering, the furnace temperature is controlled to be 150-250 DEG C, and low temperature tempering is performed for 2-5 hours; and the gear shaft is taken out of the tempering furnace, and air cooling is performed to the environment temperature.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the heat treatment method of excavator gear shaft.
Background technology
For the gear shaft used in large-scale heavy duty engineering mechanical device, in order to ensure heavy duty reliability and high-precision requirement, need gear shaft is taked heat treatment to improve hardness.As a example by excavator, central gear shaft and output gear shaft would generally be used in its walking mechanism and slew gear to export power.This just requires that the tooth root of these gear shafts must have sufficiently high hardness.
Prior heat treatment method for this gear shaft generally has two kinds.One is that overall carburizing and quenching adds lonneal, and another kind is that impewdance matching adds lonneal.But, the heat treatment method using overall carburizing to add tempering always can cause handled part to deform.And the tooth root of gear shaft is enough hardened to use the heat treatment method of impewdance matching to guarantee, under the operating mode of heavy duty, it is possible to can cause part that crack or even tooth root fracture occur, affect the service life of whole mechanism.
Therefore, urgent expectation improves the heat treatment method for gear shaft, and the gear shaft handled by minimizing deforms incidence rate and increases the hardness of tooth root.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to the heat treatment method proposing to improve, if the central gear shaft in the walking mechanism of excavator and slew gear and output gear shaft use this heat treatment method to process, the deformation incidence rate of gear shaft can be reduced and improve the tooth root hardness of gear, the rough sledding avoiding tooth root crack or fracture occurs, and improves the service life of mechanism.
According to an aspect of the invention, it is provided a kind of for processing the heat treatment method of the gear shaft of employing in gear shaft, especially excavator, it comprises the following steps:
In preheating furnace, gear shaft is preheated to 400 DEG C to 500 DEG C；
The charging temperature of carburizer is set as between 900 DEG C to 910 DEG C；
Gear shaft entirety being placed in described carburizer, Control for Kiln Temperature is between 900 DEG C to 930 DEG C, is incubated 2 to 8 hours；
The furnace temperature of described carburizer is adjusted between 830 DEG C to 850 DEG C, is incubated 30 minutes to 50 minutes；
Being taken out from described carburizer by gear shaft, be placed in vicarious glowing furnace, Control for Kiln Temperature is between 840 DEG C to 860 DEG C, during control within 2 hours；
Being taken out from described vicarious glowing furnace by gear shaft, carry out lonneal in being placed to tempering furnace, Control for Kiln Temperature is between 150 DEG C to 250 DEG C, lonneal 2 to 5 hours；And
Being taken out from tempering furnace by gear shaft, air cooling is to ambient temperature.
Preferably, described gear shaft is made up of the low-carbon alloy steel of such as 20CrMnTi or 20CrMnMo.
Preferably, described gear shaft in the way of carbon-potential control is between 0.8 to 1.1C% in described carburizer with furnace temperature be between 900 DEG C to 930 DEG C be incubated 2 to 8 hours.
Preferably, described gear shaft is between 830 DEG C to 850 DEG C 30 minutes to 50 minutes with furnace temperature in the way of carbon-potential control is between 0.7 to 0.9C% in described carburizer.
According to another aspect of the present invention, additionally providing a kind of heat treatment method for processing the gear shaft used in gear shaft, especially excavator, it comprises the following steps:
In preheating furnace, gear shaft is preheated to 400 DEG C to 500 DEG C；
The charging temperature of carburizer is set as between 890 DEG C to 900 DEG C；
Gear shaft entirety being placed in described carburizer, Control for Kiln Temperature is between 880 DEG C to 910 DEG C, is incubated 2 to 8 hours；
The furnace temperature of described carburizer is adjusted between 815 DEG C to 830 DEG C, is incubated about 30 minutes；
Being taken out from described carburizer by gear shaft, carry out high tempering in being placed to high tempering stove, Control for Kiln Temperature is between 550 DEG C to 700 DEG C, high tempering 2 hours to 5 hours；
Being taken out from high tempering stove by gear shaft, air cooling is to ambient temperature；
The charging temperature of preheating furnace is set as between 750 DEG C to 770 DEG C；
Gear shaft entirety is loaded described preheating furnace inside holding about 2 hours；
Being taken out from described preheating furnace by described gear shaft, insert in vicarious glowing furnace, Control for Kiln Temperature is between 850 DEG C to 870 DEG C, during control within 2 hours；
Gear shaft is taken out from described vicarious glowing furnace, in being placed to low-temp temper furnace, carries out lonneal, Control for Kiln Temperature between 150 DEG C to 250 DEG C, lonneal 2 to 5 hours；And
Being taken out from described low-temp temper furnace by gear shaft, air cooling is to ambient temperature.
Alternatively, described high tempering stove and described preheating furnace are same stove.
Alternatively, described gear shaft is after high tempering air cooling to ambient temperature, it is possible to be machined process.
Preferably, described gear shaft is made up of the low-carbon alloy steel of such as 20CrMnTi or 20CrMnMo.
Preferably, described gear shaft in the way of carbon-potential control is between 0.7 to 1.2C% in described carburizer with furnace temperature be between 880 DEG C to 910 DEG C be incubated 2 to 8 hours.
Preferably, in described gear shaft carburizer described in the way of carbon-potential control is between 0.6 to 0.8C% with furnace temperature be between 815 DEG C to 830 DEG C be incubated about 30 minutes.
Accompanying drawing explanation
From detailed description described later and combine figure below and the present invention aforementioned and other side will can be more fully understood.It is pointed out that the ratio of each accompanying drawing is the most different for clarity of illustration, but this can't affect the understanding of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 a and Fig. 1 b diagrammatically illustrates the walking mechanism of excavator of the targeted use of the heat treatment method according to the present invention, slew gear and the central gear shaft in them and output gear shaft respectively；
Fig. 2 diagrammatically illustrates the time-temperature curve figure of the first embodiment of the heat treatment method according to the present invention；And
Fig. 3 diagrammatically illustrates the time-temperature curve figure of the second embodiment of the heat treatment method according to the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
In each accompanying drawing of the application, structure is identical or intimate feature is indicated by the same numbers.
Fig. 1 a diagrammatically illustrates the gear box casing 1 of the walking mechanism of excavator, is provided with planetary gear mechanism wherein, and the central gear shaft 1a in described planetary gear mechanism has integral part of gear 1b at one end.Fig. 1 b diagrammatically illustrates the gear box casing 2 of the slew gear of excavator, is provided with gear drive wherein, and the output gear shaft 2a of described gear drive has integral part of gear 2b at one end.Present invention heat treatment method introduced below may be used for disposed of in its entirety above-mentioned central gear shaft 1a and output gear shaft 2a.
But, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that the heat treatment method described in present specification is not limited to shown instantiation, and can be used for realizing the gear shaft heat treatment of any heavy duty and high-precision requirement.The heat treatment method of the present invention that it may be noted that is primarily directed to the gear shaft being made up of the low-carbon alloy steel of such as 20CrMnTi or 20CrMnMo.
Fig. 2 diagrammatically illustrates the first embodiment of the heat treatment method according to the present invention in the way of time-temperature curve figure, in the figure, axis of abscissas t represents the time, and axis of ordinates T represents temperature, especially refers to pending part and is positioned over the furnace temperature processed in stove.In addition, it is necessary to be pointed out that and depend on handled accessory size size, each processing stage time and furnace temperature may be different, in first and second embodiment of the present invention, therefore process time and furnace temperature refer to time period and temperature section.Those skilled in the art should be clear how rule of thumb after understanding time period and temperature section or test and concrete parts processed is to determine suitable Best Times and optimal furnace temperature.
In the first embodiment shown in Fig. 2, the Equipment for Heating Processing of employing includes preheating furnace, carburizer, vicarious glowing furnace and tempering furnace.These equipment are equipment the most on sale, and therefore the design parameter of equipment omits at this.
It should be apparent to those skilled in the art that part all first can be preheated to 400 DEG C to 500 DEG C before loading carburizer first in preheating furnace no matter in the first or second embodiment of the heat treatment method of the above-mentioned present invention.
In the first embodiment of the heat treatment method of the present invention, first, the furnace temperature of carburizer is adjusted to charging temperature T10, here, charging temperature T10It can be 900 DEG C to 910 DEG C.Then, pending part such as central gear shaft or output gear shaft entirety are encased in carburizer, the furnace temperature of carburizer is adjusted to T11, here, furnace temperature T11Can be 900 DEG C to 930 DEG C, part be at such a temperature at carburizer inside holding t11Time period, here, t11It can be 2 hours to 8 hours so that the carbon potential of handled part reaches 0.8C% to 1.1C%.Hereafter, the furnace temperature of carburizer is adjusted to T12, here, furnace temperature T12Can be 830 DEG C to 850 DEG C, part be motionless in this carburizer, is diffused being incubated t12Time period, here, t12It can be 30 minutes to 50 minutes so that the carbon potential of handled part reaches 0.7C% to 0.9C%.Afterwards, being taken out by handled part from carburizer, then quench in being placed to vicarious glowing furnace, now furnace temperature is adjusted to T13, here, furnace temperature T13Can be 840 DEG C to 860 DEG C, the time t of impewdance matching13Be within 2 hours, such as 0.5 hour to 2 hours.Afterwards, being taken out by handled part, then be placed in tempering furnace, carry out lonneal process from vicarious glowing furnace, Control for Kiln Temperature is T14, here, furnace temperature T14Can be 150 DEG C to 250 DEG C, the time t of lonneal14It it is 2 hours to 5 hours.After lonneal terminates, handled part is taken out from tempering furnace, as indicated by the arrows of fig. 2, make part air cooling stand-by to room temperature/ambient temperature.
If part to be dealt with is to apply the heavily loaded part under more severe operating mode or the higher gear shaft of the required precision metallographic micro-assembly robot uniformity requirement in other words for part higher, then heat treatment method according to the second embodiment of the present invention can be used to carry out parts processed.
Fig. 3 diagrammatically illustrates the second embodiment of the heat treatment method according to the present invention in the way of time-temperature curve figure, in the figure, axis of abscissas t represents the time, and axis of ordinates T represents temperature, especially refers to pending part and is positioned over the furnace temperature processed in stove.
In the second embodiment shown in Fig. 3, the Equipment for Heating Processing of employing includes carburizer, vicarious glowing furnace, preheating furnace, high tempering stove and low-temp temper furnace.These equipment are equipment the most on sale, and therefore the design parameter of equipment omits at this.It should be clear that in this second embodiment, it is also possible to omit preheating furnace, and directly replace preheating furnace to use with high tempering stove, same technique effect can be reached.
In the second embodiment of the heat treatment method of the present invention, first, the furnace temperature of carburizer is adjusted to charging temperature T20, here, charging temperature T20Than charging temperature T in first embodiment10Low,It can be 890 DEG C to 900 DEG C.Then, pending part such as central gear shaft or output gear shaft entirety are encased in carburizer, the furnace temperature of carburizer is adjusted to T21, here, furnace temperature T21Can be 880 DEG C to 910 DEG C, part be at such a temperature at carburizer inside holding t21Time period, here, t21It can be 2 hours to 8 hours so that the carbon potential of handled part reaches 0.7C% to 1.2C%.Hereafter, the furnace temperature of carburizer is adjusted to T22, here, furnace temperature T22Can be 815 DEG C to 830 DEG C, part be motionless in this carburizer, is diffused being incubated t22Time period, here, t22It can be about 30 minutes so that the carbon potential of handled part reaches 0.6C% to 0.8C%.Here, unlike first embodiment, afterwards, taken out by handled part from carburizer, then carrying out high tempering process in being placed to high tempering stove, Control for Kiln Temperature is T23, here, furnace temperature T23Can be 550 DEG C to 700 DEG C, the time t of high tempering23It is 2 hours to 5 hours, thus the internal stress produced in part when eliminating quenching the toughness improving part.Afterwards, handled part is taken out in high tempering stove, make part air cooling to room temperature/ambient temperature, so that it is guaranteed that the metallographic micro-assembly robot in part is more uniform.Heat treatment direct from part in first embodiment is that finished product is different, in this stage of the second embodiment, handled part is in order to ensure higher precision, on the premise of not destroying required carburized layer thickness, is optionally able to further machined part and improves precision.
Afterwards, then being put into by the part being in room temperature in preheating furnace or high tempering stove, Control for Kiln Temperature is T24, here, furnace temperature T24Can be 750 DEG C to 770 DEG C, temperature retention time section t24, here, t24It can be about 2 hours.Afterwards, being taken out by handled part in being placed to vicarious glowing furnace and quench, now furnace temperature is adjusted to T25, here, furnace temperature T25Can be 850 DEG C to 870 DEG C, the time t of impewdance matching25Be within 2 hours, such as 1 hour to 2 hours.Afterwards, being taken out by handled part, then be placed in low-temp temper furnace, carry out lonneal process from vicarious glowing furnace, Control for Kiln Temperature is T26, here, furnace temperature T26Can be 150 DEG C to 250 DEG C, the time t of lonneal26It it is 2 hours to 5 hours.After lonneal terminates, handled part is taken out from low-temp temper furnace, as shown by arrows in Figure 3, make part air cooling stand-by to room temperature/ambient temperature.Use the gear shaft after the heat treatment method process of the second embodiment, be possible not only to control metallographic micro-assembly robot more uniform, additionally it is possible to guarantee enough hardening of tooth root region, it is to avoid the appearance of tooth root crack conditions when working under bad working environments.It addition, no matter use which kind of heat treatment method above-mentioned according to the present invention, the piece surface after process all can have hidden acicular martensite, and core has low-carbon martensite, and transition layer structure is highly uniform and without net carbide.According to measuring and calculating, the case hardness of the part after process is up to 58 to 65HRC (Rockwell hardness unit), and the degree of depth of hardened layer is up to 0.6 to 3.0 millimeter.
Although describing only certain exemplary embodiments of this invention here in detail, but they are only used to the purpose of explanation and are given, and it is not considered that the scope of the present invention is construed as limiting by they.Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various replacements, change and transform and can be contemplated out.
Claims (10)
1. the heat treatment side being used for processing the gear shaft used in gear shaft, especially excavator
Method, said method comprising the steps of:
In preheating furnace, gear shaft is preheated to 400 DEG C to 500 DEG C；
The charging temperature of carburizer is set as between 900 DEG C to 910 DEG C；
Gear shaft entirety is placed in described carburizer, Control for Kiln Temperature be 900 DEG C to 930 DEG C it
Between, it is incubated 2 to 8 hours；
The furnace temperature of described carburizer is adjusted between 830 DEG C to 850 DEG C, is incubated 30 minutes extremely
50 minutes；
Gear shaft is taken out from described carburizer, is placed in vicarious glowing furnace, Control for Kiln Temperature
It is between 840 DEG C to 860 DEG C, during control within 2 hours；
Gear shaft is taken out from described vicarious glowing furnace, carries out low temperature in being placed to tempering furnace and return
Fire, Control for Kiln Temperature is between 150 DEG C to 250 DEG C, lonneal 2 to 5 hours；And
Being taken out from tempering furnace by gear shaft, air cooling is to ambient temperature.
Heat treatment method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described gear shaft
It is made up of the low-carbon alloy steel of such as 20CrMnTi or 20CrMnMo.
Heat treatment method the most according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that described tooth
Wheel shaft with furnace temperature is in the way of carbon-potential control is between 0.8 to 1.1C% in described carburizer
It is incubated 2 to 8 hours between 900 DEG C to 930 DEG C.
Heat treatment method the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that described gear shaft
In the way of carbon-potential control is between 0.7 to 0.9C% in described carburizer with furnace temperature it is
Between 830 DEG C to 850 DEG C 30 minutes to 50 minutes.
5. the heat treatment side being used for processing the gear shaft used in gear shaft, especially excavator
Method, said method comprising the steps of:
In preheating furnace, gear shaft is preheated to 400 DEG C to 500 DEG C；
The charging temperature of carburizer is set as between 890 DEG C to 900 DEG C；
Gear shaft entirety is placed in described carburizer, Control for Kiln Temperature be 880 DEG C to 910 DEG C it
Between, it is incubated 2 to 8 hours；
The furnace temperature of described carburizer is adjusted between 815 DEG C to 830 DEG C, is incubated 30 minutes left sides
Right；
Gear shaft is taken out from described carburizer, in being placed to high tempering stove, carries out high tempering,
Control for Kiln Temperature is between 550 DEG C to 700 DEG C, high tempering 2 hours to 5 hours；
Being taken out from described high tempering stove by gear shaft, air cooling is to ambient temperature；
The charging temperature of preheating furnace is set as between 750 DEG C to 770 DEG C；
Gear shaft entirety is loaded described preheating furnace inside holding about 2 hours；
Described gear shaft is taken out from described preheating furnace, inserts in vicarious glowing furnace, furnace temperature control
It is made as between 850 DEG C to 870 DEG C, during control within 2 hours；
Gear shaft is taken out from described vicarious glowing furnace, carries out low in being placed to low-temp temper furnace
Temperature tempering, Control for Kiln Temperature between 150 DEG C to 250 DEG C, lonneal 2 to 5 hours；And
Being taken out from described low-temp temper furnace by gear shaft, air cooling is to ambient temperature.
Method the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that described high tempering stove with
Described preheating furnace is same stove.
7. according to the method described in claim 5 or 6, it is characterised in that described gear shaft exists
High tempering air cooling are to after ambient temperature, it is possible to be machined process.
8. according to the arbitrary described method of claim 5 to 7, it is characterised in that described gear
Axle is made up of the low-carbon alloy steel of such as 20CrMnTi or 20CrMnMo.
9. according to the arbitrary described method of claim 5 to 8, it is characterised in that described gear
Axle with furnace temperature is in the way of carbon-potential control is between 0.7 to 1.2C% in described carburizer
It is incubated 2 to 8 hours between 880 DEG C to 910 DEG C.
10. according to the arbitrary described heat treatment method of claim 5 to 9, it is characterised in that
With stove in described gear shaft carburizer described in the way of carbon-potential control is between 0.6 to 0.8C%
Temperature is to be incubated about 30 minutes between 815 DEG C to 830 DEG C.
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| CN201510387593.6A CN106319535B (en) | 2015-07-03 | 2015-07-03 | Heat treatment method for gear shaft |
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| CN201510387593.6A CN106319535B (en) | 2015-07-03 | 2015-07-03 | Heat treatment method for gear shaft |
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| RU2643401C1 (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2018-02-01 | федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Тольяттинский государственный университет" | Device for heat and pressure treatment |
| CN108359928A (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-08-03 | 常州大学 | A kind of composite pretreatment technique improving wind power gear gas carburizing efficiency |
| CN108441624A (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-08-24 | 常州大学 | A kind of laser-impact technique improving wind power gear gas carburizing efficiency |
| CN111748674A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-10-09 | 金华市小狸新材料科技有限责任公司 | Tempering process based on metal heat treatment |
| CN113106380A (en) * | 2021-04-07 | 2021-07-13 | 潍坊丰东热处理有限公司 | Heat treatment method for metal parts |
| CN113943916A (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2022-01-18 | 石家庄双剑工具有限公司 | File manufacturing process |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| RU2643401C1 (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2018-02-01 | федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Тольяттинский государственный университет" | Device for heat and pressure treatment |
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| CN111748674A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-10-09 | 金华市小狸新材料科技有限责任公司 | Tempering process based on metal heat treatment |
| CN111748674B (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2022-03-29 | 山东金珠材料科技有限公司 | Tempering process based on metal heat treatment |
| CN113106380A (en) * | 2021-04-07 | 2021-07-13 | 潍坊丰东热处理有限公司 | Heat treatment method for metal parts |
| CN113943916A (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2022-01-18 | 石家庄双剑工具有限公司 | File manufacturing process |
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