CN110125242B - Method for forming concave conical part with parabolic generatrix - Google Patents
Method for forming concave conical part with parabolic generatrix Download PDFInfo
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- CN110125242B CN110125242B CN201910374365.3A CN201910374365A CN110125242B CN 110125242 B CN110125242 B CN 110125242B CN 201910374365 A CN201910374365 A CN 201910374365A CN 110125242 B CN110125242 B CN 110125242B
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 2
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D31/00—Other methods for working sheet metal, metal tubes, metal profiles
- B21D31/005—Incremental shaping or bending, e.g. stepwise moving a shaping tool along the surface of the workpiece
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for forming a concave conical part with a parabolic bus, which is characterized in that a parabola is determined by setting three anchor points and adding a curve fullness value to be used as the bus contour of the concave conical part, and the part is processed by adopting a single-pass incremental forming method. The method comprises the following steps: (1) setting three anchor points of a curve in a plane, wherein the three anchor points are respectively an appointed starting point, an appointed ending point and an appointed control point; (2) setting the curve fullness value to be 0.5 according to the fact that the generatrix shape of the concave conical piece is a parabola; (3) determining a critical forming control point, wherein the critical forming control point refers to a designated control point corresponding to a concave cone generatrix which is most concave to the inner side of a concave cone just when thinning occurs in single-pass progressive forming of the concave cone; (4) and processing the workpiece by adopting a progressive forming technology. The processing method ensures the uniformity of the wall thickness, improves the quality of the finished piece and provides a simple and effective new method for processing the concave conical piece of which the generatrix is a parabola.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a concave conical part processing method, in particular to a method for gradually forming a concave conical part with a parabolic generatrix.
Background
The conical part is a regular rotating part, the concave conical part is one of the conical parts, and the forming process of the traditional conical part can be mainly divided into drawing forming and spinning forming according to the difference of the shape, the size and the production scale. During drawing forming, under the restraint of blank holder force, radial stretching and tangential compression occur in the annular area of the plate, and the bottom of the annular area hardly participates in deformation, so that the part produced by the drawing forming process is easy to generate uneven thickness, and the flange part is easy to wrinkle when the tangential compressive stress is overlarge. Spin forming is limited to forming hollow rotating members and cannot form non-rotating members within the applicable range of the process. In addition, the traditional sheet stamping needs a stamping die, the blank is subjected to integral plastic deformation to be changed into a target shape by applying pressure to the blank in the die assembly process, and the shape of a bus is difficult to determine in the processing of the concave conical part.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a progressive forming method of a parabolic concave conical part, which solves the problems that the conventional concave conical part is difficult to determine the shape of a generatrix and is easy to generate uneven wall thickness in the processing process so as to cause fracture.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention relates to a concave conical piece progressive forming method with a parabolic bus, which determines the bus contour of a concave conical piece through three anchor points and a curve plump value, and performs single-pass progressive forming processing on a workpiece on a progressive forming machine tool after determining a processing path, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) setting three anchor points of a curve in a plane, wherein the three anchor points are respectively an appointed starting point, an appointed ending point and an appointed control point;
(2) setting the curve fullness value to be 0.5 according to the fact that the generatrix shape of the concave conical piece is a parabola;
(3) determining a critical forming control point, wherein the critical forming control point X refers to a designated control point corresponding to a concave cone generatrix which is most concave to the inner side of a concave cone just when thinning occurs in single-pass progressive forming of the concave cone;
(4) and processing the workpiece by adopting a progressive forming technology.
Has the advantages that: the invention adopts three anchor points and a curve fullness value to determine the bus shape of the parabolic concave conical piece, and adopts a progressive forming method to process the piece, thereby being convenient for optimizing the forming quality and determining the optimal axial feed amount and the size of the forming tool head to obtain the optimal technological parameters. The processing method can ensure the uniformity of the wall thickness and improve the quality of the finished piece.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three anchor point determination quadratic curve according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the outer profile of a female cone according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a workpiece surface made using the incremental forming process according to the present invention in good detail;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a workpiece made by a conventional process showing cracking;
fig. 5 is a thickness profile of a parabolic concave cone obtained according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the attached drawings. It should be understood that the following embodiments are provided only for the purpose of thoroughly and completely disclosing the present invention and fully conveying the technical concept of the present invention to those skilled in the art, and the present invention may be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The terminology used in the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
The invention discloses a single-pass progressive forming method for a concave conical part with a bus in a parabolic shape. The geometric parameters of the parabolic concave conical part comprise height H, bottom surface opening diameter D and initial plate thickness t0Bottom fillet radius R. The method comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps: three anchor points are arranged on the plane and respectively comprise a designated starting point, a designated ending point and a designated control point. Of the three anchor points, the designated start point and the designated end point are on the target conic, while the designated control point is generally not on the target conic, as shown in fig. 1. For a target workpiece with the diameter of the bottom opening D, the height H, the diameter of the top opening D and the radius of the fillet R, a rectangular coordinate system is established in the vertical section of the revolving body by taking the center of the mouth as the origin of coordinates, defining the radial direction as an X axis and defining the height direction as a Y axis. The coordinates of the starting point and the ending point can be changed according to the actual shape of the workpiece, as shown in fig. 2, the starting point is designated as ((1/2) D, H), the ending point is designated as ((1/2) D,0) and the unit is mm, the selectable range of the designated control point (X, Y) is wider, the shape of the concave cone generatrix is controlled by the designated control point for the pertinence research, X is made to be Y, so that the coordinates of the designated control point are changed into (X, X), the coordinates (X, X) of the designated control point are abbreviated as designated control point X, the vicinity of the top of the curve is subjected to fillet processing, and the fillet radius is R (a small segment of circular arc, and the influence is small in the concave cone research).
Step two: the curve fullness value is a parameter used to control a specific type of female cone generatrix and is generally between 0 and 1. When the curve fullness value is larger than 0 and smaller than 0.5, the outline shape of the concave conical piece is an ellipse; when the curve fullness value is 0.5, the profile shape of the concave conical part is a parabola; when the curve fill value is greater than 0.5 and less than 1, the concave cone profile shape is hyperbolic. According to the fact that the generatrix shape of the concave conical part is a parabola, the curve fullness value is set to be 0.5.
Step three: the invention adopts a progressive forming method to process the workpiece, and a critical forming control point needs to be defined. In the single-pass progressive forming of the concave conical part, a concave conical generatrix which is most concave to the inner side of the concave conical part just when thinning occurs is called a concave conical critical generatrix, and a corresponding designated control point X is called a critical forming control point X.
In particular, with a single pass progressive female taper, the wall thickness of the female taper is substantially at t when the designated control point is XTheory of the invention(1 +/-10%); when the designated control point is (X-1), the wall thickness of the node is not at tTheory of the invention(1 +/-10%); the designated control point X is called the critical forming control point X and is denoted as XCritical point of。
According to the experimental result, in the process of gradually forming the parabolic concave conical part, when X is 24, the thin strip starts to appear, and is more obvious when X is 23, so that X is 24 can be regarded as the critical forming control point X of the parabolic concave conical part, wherein the thin strip appearsCritical point ofI.e., (24,24) are the critical forming control point coordinates.
Step four: in the progressive forming process, when the designated control point X of the bus of the finished piece is less than XCritical point ofIn the process, because the phenomena of uneven wall thickness, cracking of a workpiece and the like are easy to occur in single-pass processing, a multi-pass progressive forming method is generally adopted for processing; only when the designated control point X of the bus of the workpiece is more than XCritical point ofIn the process, the finished piece can not be obviously thinned in the processing process, and can be directly formed in a single pass.
The core principle of the incremental forming process is to disperse a complex three-dimensional part along the Z-axis direction by using the concept of 'layer-by-layer manufacturing' in a rapid prototype manufacturing technology, divide the part into a series of two-dimensional cross-section layers, form the two-dimensional cross-section layers layer by layer and point by using a forming tool, and perform continuous local contour plastic processing by taking the layers as processing units. When in forming, the forming tool is driven by a pre-programmed numerical control program to form the plate material layer by layer point by point only by means of a numerical control machine tool and a simple tool fixture, and the plate material is finally formed into a product part by means of accumulation of local deformation. Compared with the forming method of the conical part such as drawing, spinning and the like, the thickness reduction of the progressive forming can be controlled by a forming path, so that the thickness of the finished part is uniform and the finished part is not easy to wrinkle. The progressive forming process can form any complex shape within the plate forming limit range, is not necessarily limited in the range of a rotating member, and has a wider application range compared with the prior art.
The method and effect of the present invention are further described below as an example. In the examples, concave cones having a height of 50mm, a mouth diameter of 100mm and a generatrix type of parabola were processed by the method of the present invention.
The process of gradually forming and processing the concave-conical part on the numerical control machine tool can be roughly divided into blanking, machine tool preparation, fixture installation and adjustment, blank positioning and clamping, forming tool installation, processing code introduction, program compiling and debugging and machine tool processing. The preparation work before the experiment mainly comprises path design, three-dimensional solid modeling and machine tool machining code generation, which can be carried out in a CAM module of UG software of a computer, and the CAM module of the software automatically generates a forming path and a corresponding code through the setting of UG machining parameters. During molding pass machining, in a UG software CAM module, the three-dimensional modeling can be generated at an early stage by rotating around a vertical shaft according to a pass path equation, wherein a numerical control machining program cannot be executed immediately after being introduced into a machine tool, and the unification of the coordinate center of the machine tool and a default center in the program needs to be ensured. The specific operation steps are as follows: firstly, three coordinate axes are adjusted to the position of a base point, and then three coordinate axis tool setting is carried out. The center of the forming tool is set in the direction X, Y so that it has a coordinate of 0 at the center of the outer contour support plate and the pressure plate. And setting the coordinate to be 0 when the lowest point of the tool head just contacts the plate material in the Z direction. After the three-coordinate axis tool setting is finished, a supporting base and a forming tool are installed, an upper pressing plate and a lower pressing plate with proper sizes are selected, the plate is pressed, and the device is fixed through bolts. After the preparation of the previous stages is finished, program compiling execution can be carried out, and after the numerical control program is compiled and debugged without errors, the numerical control program can be started to carry out the gradual forming of the concave conical part.
SpecifyingThe starting point is (6,50), the end point is designated as (50,0), the control point X is designated as 25, and the curve fullness value is 0.5. Selecting initial blank area S0Is pi (D/2) ^2, and the area S of the deformed plateTheory of the invention，STheory of the inventionThe value can be obtained by calculating the area of a curved surface in a high-level simulation command in UG software, and the original thickness of a plate is t0Assuming that the wall thickness of the formed product is uniform and tTheory of the invention. The principle that the volume is unchanged before and after deformation can be used as follows: sTheory of the invention*tTheory of the invention＝S0*t0The theoretical wall thickness t of the workpiece can be calculatedTheory of the invention. In the process of multi-pass progressive forming, the wall thickness value of a general product is tTheory of the inventionThe wall thickness is approximately considered to be uniform within the range of (1 +/-20%) mm, and the wall thickness respectively corresponds to the upper limit and the lower limit of the theoretical wall thickness of a workpiece.
Original thickness t of selected plate01.3mm, when processing the concave conical piece with the shape, invoking UG advanced simulation command to calculate the curved surface area S, and calculating the curved surface area S according to STheory of the invention*tTheory of the invention＝S0*t0Formula to get tTheory of the invention0.88mm, wall thickness values in the range of 0.792-0.968 are considered approximately uniform. And carrying out single-pass progressive forming processing on a numerical control machine tool, wherein the axial feeding amount in the processing process is 0.25-0.5mm per layer, and the diameter of the tool head is 10 mm.
After the single-pass progressive forming method is adopted to process on a machine tool, a workpiece of the concave conical part is obtained as shown in fig. 3, and compared with a workpiece obtained by a traditional drawing process as shown in fig. 4, the workpiece obtained by the progressive forming method is not easy to crack, the surface quality is also improved, the wall thickness distribution is shown in fig. 5, and the wall thickness of the workpiece is basically within the range of the upper limit and the lower limit of the theoretical wall thickness, so that the wall thickness is approximately considered to be uniform, and no obvious thinning occurs. Therefore, the processing method ensures the uniformity of the wall thickness and improves the quality of the finished piece.
Claims (4)
1. A method for gradually forming a concave conical part with a parabolic bus is characterized in that the shape of the parabolic concave conical part is determined by adopting three anchor points and a curve full value, a single-pass processing path is set on a numerical control machine tool according to a model of the concave conical part, and the method for gradually forming the concave conical part comprises the following steps:
(1) three anchor points of a curve are arranged in a plane and are respectively a designated starting point, a designated ending point and a designated control point, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: for a target workpiece with the diameter of a bottom opening D, the height H, the diameter of a top opening D and the radius of a fillet R, a rectangular coordinate system is established in the vertical section of the revolving body by taking the center of a mouth part as the origin of coordinates, defining the radial direction as an X axis, defining the height direction as a Y axis direction, designating the starting point as ((1/2) D, H), designating the ending point as ((1/2) D,0) and designating the coordinate of a control point as (X, X);
(2) setting the curve fullness value to be 0.5 according to the fact that the generatrix shape of the concave conical piece is a parabola;
(3) determining a critical forming control point, wherein the critical forming control point refers to a designated control point corresponding to a concave cone generatrix of the concave cone which is most concave to the inner side of the concave cone just when thinning occurs in single-pass progressive forming of the concave cone, and the determination method comprises the following steps: according to the principle of constant volume VBefore forming＝VAfter formingCalculating the theoretical wall thickness t of the formed plateTheory of the inventionWhen the actual wall thickness T is equal to the theoretical wall thickness TTheory of the inventionSatisfies 0.90tTheory of the invention≤T≤1.10tTheory of the inventionThe corresponding designated control point X is called the critical forming control point XCritical point of；
(4) And processing the workpiece by adopting a progressive forming technology.
2. The method of progressive female taper with parabolic generatrix of claim 1 wherein the critical forming control point coordinates are (24, 24).
3. The method for gradually forming a concave conical part with a parabolic bus bar according to claim 2, wherein in the step (4), when the designated control point X < X of the bus bar of the workpiece is in the process of gradually formingCritical point ofThen, a multi-pass progressive forming method is adopted for processing; when the designated control point X of the bus of the workpiece is more than XCritical point ofIn the mean time, single-pass straight line is adoptedAnd (6) forming.
4. A method for the progressive forming of concave conical elements with parabolic generatrices according to claim 3, characterised in that the axial feed takes 0.25-0.5 mm/layer and the tool head diameter is 10mm during the single-pass progressive forming process.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106311876A (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2017-01-11 | 山东大学 | Complicated thin-walled workpiece formation system and method based on progressive formation and additive manufacturing |
| CN208083219U (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-11-13 | 南京航空航天大学 | From resistance electrical heating progressive molding heater circuit intelligently connecting or disconnecting device |
| CN108873817A (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2018-11-23 | 东南大学 | A kind of method of the path parameter of revolving parts progressive molding |
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| JP5696682B2 (en) * | 2012-04-05 | 2015-04-08 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Metal plate forming method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106311876A (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2017-01-11 | 山东大学 | Complicated thin-walled workpiece formation system and method based on progressive formation and additive manufacturing |
| CN208083219U (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-11-13 | 南京航空航天大学 | From resistance electrical heating progressive molding heater circuit intelligently connecting or disconnecting device |
| CN108873817A (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2018-11-23 | 东南大学 | A kind of method of the path parameter of revolving parts progressive molding |
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| Title |
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| 锥形件渐进成形过程的模拟研究;沈黎萍;《万方学位论文》;20140918;第22-29、48-52、54页 * |
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