CN106234125A - A kind of high-yield planting method of Fructus Pruni salicinae - Google Patents
A kind of high-yield planting method of Fructus Pruni salicinae Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/22—Lamiaceae or Labiatae [Mint family], e.g. thyme, rosemary, skullcap, selfheal, lavender, perilla, pennyroyal, peppermint or spearmint
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
- A01N65/44—Poaceae or Gramineae [Grass family], e.g. bamboo, lemon grass or citronella grass
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
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- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of high-yield planting method of Fructus Pruni salicinae, includes: 1) selection of land；2) field planting；3) water-proofing treatment；4) rich water quality management；5) flower and fruit management；6) diseases prevention and treatment.The present invention is embedded with the drain pipe lower than planting hole in gutter, and this drain pipe can effectively get rid of hydrops during rainy season, prevent can not draining in time, the phenomenon of rotten occurs；Green manure is added when selection of land is digged, green manure is prepared by Chinese medicine ingredients, Chinese medicine can be made full use of there is parasite killing, the antibacterial effect having nutrition concurrently, and improve nutritional condition and the physicochemical character of soil, good basis is laid in normal growth growth for Fructus Pruni salicinae Seedling, makes Fructus Pruni salicinae shoot survival percent reach more than 90% with this soil；It addition, the present invention uses soil layer and the mode of Fertilizer combination in the field planting stage, on the one hand Fructus Pruni salicinae Seedling can be made to fully absorb nutrition, save fertilizer, still further aspect, fertilizer is configured with substantial amounts of Chinese medicine, Fructus Pruni salicinae Seedling will not be made to occur burning the phenomenon of root, thus improve the survival rate of Seedling.
Description
[technical field]
The present invention relates to planting technology, a kind of high-yield planting method of Fructus Pruni salicinae.
[background technology]
Flowers blooming like a piece of brocade spring for Japanese plum, and summer achieves great success, and is the good seeds purifying air, beautifying the environment, and its flower is again
Well nectariferous plant, its fruits nutrition enriches, containing multivitamin, has medical value and economic worth, can eat raw,
Can also be processed into canned food, prune, fruit jam, preserved fruit, fruit wine, preserve etc., therefore the development of Japanese plum is increasingly paid attention to by people.
The Fructus Pruni salicinae strong adaptability to weather, as long as relatively deep to soil soil layer, has certain fertility, no matter which kind of soil property can be planted,
But the requirement to air and soil is higher, and it is weak to hydrops, orchard impeded drainage, often occur rotten, undergrowth or easily
There is various disease.
In the High aititude mountain area in Guangxi, if the ground such as Hechi City Fengshan County, Tiane County are in order to increase the income of peasant, government is big
Try hard to recommend the various Fructus Pruni salicinae of dynamic peasant planting, such as Margarita Lee etc., but technically lack due to Cultivate administration, be all according to following routine
Implantation methods plantation: 1) soil is smashed, then pour farm manure into, then farm manure and soil stirred, beat after doing ridge
Hole；2) plum seedling is put into Kong Lizai and return soil；3) random pollard；4) arid season is sprinkled water and applies fertilizer；5) random vegetables and fruits；
6) the anti-disease pest of pesticide, this traditional mode is that peasant plants according to the experience of conventional Planting Crops, thus results in every
The annual production in year is the lowest, takes in low.
[summary of the invention]
In view of problem above, the present invention provides a kind of high-yield planting method of Fructus Pruni salicinae, and the method is scientific and reasonable can be effective
Improve the yield of Fructus Pruni salicinae.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that a kind of high-yield planting method of Fructus Pruni salicinae, including just like
Lower step:
1) selection of land, soil treatment: selecting height above sea level is the soil between 800～1000 meters, and physical features is smooth, soil layer is deep, matter
The soil that ground loosens, permeability is good is as planting site；The corn stalk that the previous year is dried move to soil burns after with
Soil is mixed thoroughly, the next day soil ploughed deeply solarization soil, the degree of depth is 30～40cm；Carry out after February for the first time the most whole carefully, make the soil can
Obtaining being exposed to the sun of sunlight, improve the organic principle in soil, it is whole carefully that late March carries out second time, first sprinkles one at soil surface
Layer ferments more than more than 4 months through natural packing and is the chicken manure of 2:2:1, carbamide and the base fertilizer of green manure mixing by weight ratio,
The amount of discharging of base fertilizer should be 1 mu of ground 1200kg, opens ridge, row spacing 35～50cm after whole fine earth earth, and ridge is 25～30cm deeply, each ridge it
Between draining furrow width 20～30cm；
2) field planting: space between plants is 2～3m, planting hole diameter 0.8～1m, the degree of depth 0.5～0.8m, every 5 trees join cultivation
One pollinizers, is vertically placed on plum seedling cave central authorities, root is all launched, then bankets while carry trunk, make when planting
Do not have space to combine closely between root system and soil, first insert soil thick for one layer of 1cm during backfill soil and place into the fertilizer of one layer of 0.5cm
Material I is further filled with earth, fills out while tread, and one layer of fertilizer of one layer of soil backfills all soil, at the root of every Seedling in the manner described above
Portion's surrounding uniform sprinkling makes the humidity of soil between 25%～30%, and wherein fertilizer I is by the raw material preparation of following weight portion
Become: plant ash 10～20 parts, orange peel 2～4 parts, Oil-tea-cake 1～3 parts, pig manure 0.5～1.5 parts, Lumbricus 1～4 parts, Folium Artemisiae Argyi 2～
4 parts；
3) water-proofing treatment: bury one or more drain pipe in each gutter, and it is positioned under planting hole 10～15cm,
Each drain pipe is obliquely installed and length is more than the length on ridge；Described drain pipe offers in order to by soil in water (flow) direction
In water drain into the some through holes in drain pipe, be additionally provided with in described drain pipe to be turned on and off described some through holes
Baffle plate；During rainy season, rotating described baffle plate and open described through hole, arid season butterfly closes through hole；
4) rich water quality management:
(1) execute material to manage:
A) Hua Qianfei, before plum seedling rudiment 1～2 week, the local open loop shape ditch distance plum seedling 5～8cm applied fertilizer
Material II, every young plant fertilising 0.4～0.6kg, then sprinkle water, make soil moisture 10%～15%, wherein fertilizer II is by the most former
Material composition: ammonium hydrogen carbonate 2～5%, duck dung tree 3～9%, straw 2～5%, wood flour 25～30%, Semen Maydis flour 15～17%, wheat
Bran 15～17%, chicken droppings 25～30%；
B) Hua Houfei, spends 1～2 week thanking, every young plant fertilising 1～2kg fertilizer III, and fertilizer III is made up of following raw material:
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10%, Pseudobulbus Cremastrae Seu Pleiones 5%, Flos Buddlejae 3%, wood flour 25%, Testa Tritici 17%, phosphorus pentoxide 3%, husk of Radix Et Rhizoma Fagopyri Tatarici extraction
Liquid 5%, carbamide 10%, Oil-tea-cake 8%, plant ash 7%, Folium Capsici 7%；
C) fruit-promoting fertilizer, applied in the fruit stone phase, and the local open loop shape ditch in distance fruit tree 1～5cm applies fertilizer IV, often
Young plant fertilising 1～2kg, fertilizer IV is made up of following raw material: magnesium phosphate 10%, ammonium sulfate 20%, plant ash 10%, Broussonetia papyrifera skin
20%, peat soil 20%, wood flour 20%；
D) fruit promoting is fertile, and before fruit maturation, the local open loop shape ditch at distance fruit tree 1cm applies fertilizer V, and every young plant applies fertilizer
1.2～2.2kg, fertilizer V is made up of following raw material: potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10%, orange peel 20%, carbamide 20%, little Huang Gelsemium elegans Benth.
5%, dehydrated potato powder 20%, taro meal 10%；
(2) water management:
A) first stage: sprinkling water before Japanese plum rudiment, every mu of water spilling 200-500 kilogram, so that soil moisture is 15%-
18%；
B) second stage: in the stone phase, hydropenia wants timely moisturizing, and excess moisture need to carry out draining in time, finally keeps soil
Earth humidity is 5%-10%；
5) flower and fruit management:
Flower and fruit thinning: the flower on the flower that vegetables open evening, weak branch, the Flos Lonicerae on long medium fruit branch, spend upward；Long fruit branch stays 3 fruits,
Medium fruit branch stays 2～3 fruits, fruit spur, bouquet shape branch stay 1 fruit or do not stay；
6) diseases prevention and treatment:
A) florescence: the medicinal liquid selecting fine a day to use following methods to prepare in mid-term of blooming sprays:
1. Herba Lophatheri 10～15 parts, Herba Senecionis Scandentis 5～8 parts, Fructus Gardeniae 6～10 parts, Herba Lysimachiae 5～10 parts, Spica Prunellae 2～4 parts, Herba Commelinae Diffusae are taken
Pulverized 80～100 eye mesh screens together, obtained mixed powder I for 4～6 parts；2. white by mixed powder I and mixed powder I gross weight 3～5 times
Vinegar is put in ceramic pot together, stirs, and seals and places 10～15 days；3. mixed powder I gross weight 4～the white vinegar of 6 times are added,
Seal after stirring and place 10～15 days；
B) before result: took the prepared medicinal liquid of following manner every 5～8 days and carry out the most each sprinkling once: 1. by essential balm
Dilute 600～800 times to pour in container；2. raw material is taken: plant ash 10～20 parts, Fructus Cannabis 2～4 parts, wild Radix Notoginseng 4～6 parts, gold
Do not change 1～3 part, Herba Abri 2～4 parts, Herba Houttuyniae 1～3 parts respectively clean dry after pour into step 1. in container in；3. add
Step 2. in the water of raw material gross weight 10 times stir after seal one month～after two months；
C) fruiting period: took the medicinal liquid that following manner prepares every 10～12 days and carry out the morning, noon and afternoon and respectively spray once: take raw material:
Mashed garlic 10～20 parts, Zanthoxyli Bungeani powder 2～4 parts, Rhizoma Paridis 1～3 parts, Rhizoma Pinelliae 0.2～0.6 part, Salvia japonica Thunb. 1～2 parts, Punica granatum L.
Skin 5～8 parts, Folium Pleioblasti 2～6 parts are cleaned respectively after mashing and are put in container, then stir toward the white vinegar of addition 10～15 times in container
Mix uniformly.
Use technique scheme, the method have the advantages that
1, the present invention is embedded with the drain pipe lower than planting hole in gutter, when this drain pipe can effectively get rid of rainy season
Hydrops, prevent can not draining in time, the phenomenon of rotten occurs, thus improves survival rate.
2, the present invention adds green manure when digging, and this green manure is mainly prepared by Chinese medicine ingredients, in can making full use of
Medical instrument has parasite killing, the antibacterial effect having nutrition concurrently, and improves nutritional condition and the physicochemical character of soil, for the normal life of Fructus Pruni salicinae Seedling
Good basis is laid in long growth, makes Fructus Pruni salicinae shoot survival percent reach more than 90% with this soil.
3, the present invention uses soil layer and the mode of Fertilizer combination in the field planting stage, on the one hand Fructus Pruni salicinae Seedling can be made to fully absorb
Nutrition, saves fertilizer, still further aspect, is configured with substantial amounts of Chinese medicine in fertilizer, and Fructus Pruni salicinae Seedling will not be made to occur burning the phenomenon of root, from
And improve the survival rate of Seedling.
4, the present invention is in terms of fertilizer management, in different phase, for the concrete character of Fructus Pruni salicinae, applies different fertilizer,
And the Chinese medicine ingredients that the fertilizer of different phase contains is different, improve fruit bearing rate.
[detailed description of the invention]
The following examples can help those skilled in the art to be more completely understood by the present invention, but cannot be with any
Mode limits the present invention.
One, implantation methods embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of high-yield planting method of Fructus Pruni salicinae, comprises the following steps that
1) selection of land, soil treatment: selecting height above sea level is the soil between 800～1000 meters, and physical features is smooth, soil layer is deep, matter
The soil that ground loosens, permeability is good is as planting site；The corn stalk that the previous year is dried move to soil burns after with
Soil is mixed thoroughly, the next day soil ploughed deeply solarization soil, the degree of depth is 30～40cm；Carry out after February for the first time the most whole carefully, make the soil can
Obtaining being exposed to the sun of sunlight, improve the organic principle in soil, it is whole carefully that late March carries out second time, first sprinkles one at soil surface
Layer ferments more than more than 4 months through natural packing and is the chicken manure of 2:2:1, carbamide and the base fertilizer of green manure mixing by weight ratio,
The amount of discharging of base fertilizer should be 1 mu of ground 1200kg, opens ridge, row spacing 35～50cm after whole fine earth earth, and ridge is 25～30cm deeply, each ridge it
Between furrow width 20～30cm；Preferably, green manure is mainly made up of the raw material of following weight portion: 10 parts of rice husk, bagasse 10 parts, purple
Cloud English 1 part, Herba crotalariae mucronatae 2 parts, Pennisetum hydridum 1 part, Radix Ribis manschurici 2 parts, Herba Galii Bungei 0.5 part, the preparation method of the most above-mentioned green manure is as follows:
Take raw material Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici), Herba crotalariae mucronatae, Pennisetum hydridum, Radix Ribis manschurici, Herba Galii Bungei and spread respectively in clean dustpan, then will be equipped with above-mentioned
The dustpan of raw material is put under the sun and dries, then Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici) after drying, Herba crotalariae mucronatae, Pennisetum hydridum, Radix Ribis manschurici, Herba Galii Bungei, paddy
Shell and bagasse are put into together and are crossed 80～100 mesh after pulverizing in pulverizer and get final product；Preferably, carry out after February for the first time the most whole carefully, soil
Ground is exposed to the sun 20～24 hours in the sun；
2) field planting: space between plants is 2～3m, planting hole diameter 0.8～1m, the degree of depth 0.5～0.8m, every 5 trees join cultivation
One pollinizers, is vertically placed on plum seedling cave central authorities, root is all launched, then bankets while carry trunk, make when planting
Do not have space to combine closely between root system and soil, first insert soil thick for one layer of 1cm during backfill soil and place into the fertilizer of one layer of 0.5cm
Material I is further filled with earth, fills out while tread, and one layer of fertilizer of one layer of soil backfills all soil, at the root of every Seedling in the manner described above
Portion's surrounding uniform sprinkling makes the humidity of soil between 25%～30%, and wherein fertilizer I is by the raw material preparation of following weight portion
Become: plant ash 10 parts, orange peel 2 parts, Oil-tea-cake 1 part, pig manure 0.5 part, Lumbricus 1 part, Folium Artemisiae Argyi 2 parts；
3) water-proofing treatment: bury one or more drain pipe in each gutter, and it is positioned under planting hole 10～15cm,
Each drain pipe is obliquely installed and length is more than the length on ridge；Described drain pipe offers in order to by soil in water (flow) direction
In water drain into the some through holes in drain pipe, be additionally provided with in described drain pipe to be turned on and off described some through holes
Baffle plate；During rainy season, rotating described baffle plate and open described through hole, arid season butterfly closes through hole；
4) rich water quality management:
(1) execute material to manage:
A) Hua Qianfei, before plum seedling rudiment 1～2 week, the local open loop shape ditch distance plum seedling 5～8cm applied fertilizer
Material II, every young plant fertilising 0.4～0.6kg, then sprinkle water, make soil moisture 10%～15%, wherein fertilizer II is by the most former
Material composition: ammonium hydrogen carbonate 2%, duck dung tree 9%, straw 2%, wood flour 30%, Semen Maydis flour 17%, Testa Tritici 15%, chicken droppings 25%；This
Sample, can make up tree body storage undernutrition, promote the growth of root system, young sprout, improve percentage of fertile fruit；
B) Hua Houfei, spends 1～2 week thanking, every young plant fertilising 1～2kg fertilizer III, and fertilizer III is made up of following raw material:
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10%, Pseudobulbus Cremastrae Seu Pleiones 5%, Flos Buddlejae 3%, wood flour 25%, Testa Tritici 17%, phosphorus pentoxide 3%, husk of Radix Et Rhizoma Fagopyri Tatarici extraction
Liquid 5%, carbamide 10%, Oil-tea-cake 8%, plant ash 7%, Folium Capsici 7%；Above-mentioned fertilizer can promote young sprout and fruit growth, subtracts
Few fruit drops；
C) fruit-promoting fertilizer, applied in the fruit stone phase, and the local open loop shape ditch in distance fruit tree 1～5cm applies fertilizer IV, often
Young plant fertilising 1～2kg, fertilizer IV is made up of following raw material: magnesium phosphate 10%, ammonium sulfate 20%, plant ash 10%, Broussonetia papyrifera skin
20%, peat soil 20%, wood flour 20%；This topdresses can promote the growth of embryo and core, germinate differentiation, Fruit；
D) fruit promoting is fertile, and before fruit maturation, the local open loop shape ditch at distance fruit tree 1cm applies fertilizer V, and every young plant applies fertilizer
1.2～2.2kg, fertilizer V is made up of following raw material: potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10%, orange peel 20%, carbamide 20%, little Huang Gelsemium elegans Benth.
5%, dehydrated potato powder 20%, taro meal 10%；
(2) water management:
A) first stage: sprinkling water before Japanese plum rudiment, every mu of water spilling 200～500 kilograms, so that soil moisture is 15%
～18%；
B) second stage: in the stone phase, hydropenia wants timely moisturizing, and excess moisture need to carry out draining in time, finally keeps soil
Earth humidity is 5%～10%；
5) flower and fruit management:
Flower and fruit thinning: the flower on the flower that vegetables open evening, weak branch, the Flos Lonicerae on long medium fruit branch, spend upward；Long fruit branch stays 3 fruits,
Medium fruit branch stays 2～3 fruits, fruit spur, bouquet shape branch stay 1 fruit or do not stay；
6) diseases prevention and treatment:
A) florescence: the medicinal liquid selecting fine a day to use following methods to prepare in mid-term of blooming sprays:
1. take Herba Lophatheri 10 parts, Herba Senecionis Scandentis 5 parts, Fructus Gardeniae 6 parts, Herba Lysimachiae 5 parts, Spica Prunellae 2 parts, Herba Commelinae Diffusae 4 parts pulverized together 80～
100 eye mesh screens, obtain mixed powder I；2. the white vinegar of mixed powder I and mixed powder I gross weight 3～5 times is put in ceramic pot together, stir
Mix uniformly, seal and place 10～15 days；3. add mixed powder I gross weight 4～the white vinegar of 6 times, after stirring, seal placement 10
～15 days；
B) before result: took the prepared medicinal liquid of following manner every 5～8 days and carry out the most each sprinkling once: 1. by essential balm
Dilute 600～800 times to pour in container；2. raw material is taken: plant ash 10 parts, Fructus Cannabis 2 parts, wild Radix Notoginseng 4 parts, Radix Stephaniae Sinicae (Radix Stephaniae Dielsianae) 1 part, chicken
GUCAO 2 parts, Herba Houttuyniae part respectively clean dry after pour into step 1. in container in；3. step 2. middle raw material gross weight 10 is added
Times water stir after seal one month～after two months；
C) fruiting period: took the medicinal liquid that following manner prepares every 10～12 days and carry out the morning, noon and afternoon and respectively spray once: take raw material:
10 parts of mashed garlic, Zanthoxyli Bungeani powder 2 parts, Rhizoma Paridis 1 part, Rhizoma Pinelliae 0.2 part, Salvia japonica Thunb. 1 part, Pericarpium Granati 5 parts, Folium Pleioblasti 2 parts points
Xi Jing not put in container after mashing, then stir toward the white vinegar of addition 10～15 times in container.
Embodiment 2
A kind of high-yield planting method of Fructus Pruni salicinae, comprises the following steps that
1) selection of land, soil treatment: selecting height above sea level is the soil between 800～1000 meters, and physical features is smooth, soil layer is deep, matter
The soil that ground loosens, permeability is good is as planting site；The corn stalk that the previous year is dried move to soil burns after with
Soil is mixed thoroughly, the next day soil ploughed deeply solarization soil, the degree of depth is 30～40cm；Carry out after February for the first time the most whole carefully, make the soil can
Obtaining being exposed to the sun of sunlight, improve the organic principle in soil, it is whole carefully that late March carries out second time, first sprinkles one at soil surface
Layer ferments more than more than 4 months through natural packing and is the chicken manure of 2:2:1, carbamide and the base fertilizer of green manure mixing by weight ratio,
The amount of discharging of base fertilizer should be 1 mu of ground 1200kg, opens ridge, row spacing 35～50cm after whole fine earth earth, and ridge is 25～30cm deeply, each ridge it
Between furrow width 20～30cm；Preferably, green manure is mainly made up of the raw material of following weight portion: 15 parts of rice husk, bagasse 12 parts, purple
Cloud English 1.5 parts, Herba crotalariae mucronatae 2.5 parts, Pennisetum hydridum 2 parts, Radix Ribis manschurici 3 parts, Herba Galii Bungei 1 part, the preparation method of above-mentioned green manure is as follows: take
Raw material Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici), Herba crotalariae mucronatae, Pennisetum hydridum, Radix Ribis manschurici, Herba Galii Bungei spread respectively in clean dustpan, then will be equipped with above-mentioned former
The dustpan of material is put under the sun and dries, then Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici) after drying, Herba crotalariae mucronatae, Pennisetum hydridum, Radix Ribis manschurici, Herba Galii Bungei, rice husk,
Bagasse is put into together and is crossed 80～100 mesh after pulverizing in pulverizer and get final product；
2) field planting: space between plants is 2～3m, planting hole diameter 0.8～1m, the degree of depth 0.5～0.8m, every 5 trees join cultivation
One pollinizers, is vertically placed on plum seedling cave central authorities, root is all launched, then bankets while carry trunk, make when planting
Do not have space to combine closely between root system and soil, first insert soil thick for one layer of 1cm during backfill soil and place into the fertilizer of one layer of 0.5cm
Material I is further filled with earth, fills out while tread, and one layer of fertilizer of one layer of soil backfills all soil, at the root of every Seedling in the manner described above
Portion's surrounding uniform sprinkling makes the humidity of soil between 25%～30%, and wherein fertilizer I is by the raw material preparation of following weight portion
Become: plant ash 15 parts, orange peel 3 parts, Oil-tea-cake 2 parts, pig manure 1 part, Lumbricus 2.5 parts, Folium Artemisiae Argyi 3 parts；
3) water-proofing treatment: bury one or more drain pipe in each gutter, and it is positioned under planting hole 10～15cm,
Each drain pipe is obliquely installed and length is more than the length on ridge；Described drain pipe offers in order to by soil in water (flow) direction
In water drain into the some through holes in drain pipe, be additionally provided with in described drain pipe to be turned on and off described some through holes
Baffle plate；During rainy season, rotating described baffle plate and open described through hole, arid season butterfly closes through hole；
4) rich water quality management:
(1) execute material to manage:
A) Hua Qianfei, before plum seedling rudiment 1～2 week, the local open loop shape ditch distance plum seedling 5～8cm applied fertilizer
Material II, every young plant fertilising 0.4～0.6kg, then sprinkle water, make soil moisture 10%～15%, wherein fertilizer II is by the most former
Material composition: ammonium hydrogen carbonate 5%, duck dung tree 3%, straw 5%, wood flour 25%, Semen Maydis flour 15%, Testa Tritici 17%, chicken droppings 30%；
B) Hua Houfei, spends 1～2 week thanking, every young plant fertilising 1～2kg fertilizer III, and fertilizer III is made up of following raw material:
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10%, Pseudobulbus Cremastrae Seu Pleiones 5%, Flos Buddlejae 3%, wood flour 25%, Testa Tritici 17%, phosphorus pentoxide 3%, husk of Radix Et Rhizoma Fagopyri Tatarici extraction
Liquid 5%, carbamide 10%, Oil-tea-cake 8%, plant ash 7%, Folium Capsici 7%；Above-mentioned fertilizer can promote young sprout and fruit growth, subtracts
Few fruit drops；
C) fruit-promoting fertilizer, applied in the fruit stone phase, and the local open loop shape ditch in distance fruit tree 1～5cm applies fertilizer IV, often
Young plant fertilising 1～2kg, fertilizer IV is made up of following raw material: magnesium phosphate 10%, ammonium sulfate 20%, plant ash 10%, Broussonetia papyrifera skin
20%, peat soil 20%, wood flour 20%；
D) fruit promoting is fertile, and before fruit maturation, the local open loop shape ditch at distance fruit tree 1cm applies fertilizer V, and every young plant applies fertilizer
1.2～2.2kg, fertilizer V is made up of following raw material: potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10%, orange peel 20%, carbamide 20%, little Huang Gelsemium elegans Benth.
5%, dehydrated potato powder 20%, taro meal 10%；
(2) water management:
A) first stage: sprinkling water before Japanese plum rudiment, every mu of water spilling 200-500 kilogram, so that soil moisture is 15%-
18%；
B) second stage: in the stone phase, hydropenia wants timely moisturizing, and excess moisture need to carry out draining in time, finally keeps soil
Earth humidity is 5%-10%；
5) flower and fruit management:
Flower and fruit thinning: the flower on the flower that vegetables open evening, weak branch, the Flos Lonicerae on long medium fruit branch, spend upward；Long fruit branch stays 3 fruits,
Medium fruit branch stays 2～3 fruits, fruit spur, bouquet shape branch stay 1 fruit or do not stay；
6) diseases prevention and treatment:
A) florescence: the medicinal liquid selecting fine a day to use following methods to prepare in mid-term of blooming sprays:
1. Herba Lophatheri 10～15 parts, Herba Senecionis Scandentis 5～8 parts, Fructus Gardeniae 6～10 parts, Herba Lysimachiae 5～10 parts, Spica Prunellae 2～4 parts, Herba Commelinae Diffusae are taken
Pulverized 80～100 eye mesh screens together, obtained mixed powder I for 4～6 parts；2. white by mixed powder I and mixed powder I gross weight 3～5 times
Vinegar is put in ceramic pot together, stirs, and seals and places 10～15 days；3. mixed powder I gross weight 4～the white vinegar of 6 times are added,
Seal after stirring and place 10～15 days；
B) before result: took the prepared medicinal liquid of following manner every 5～8 days and carry out the most each sprinkling once: 1. by essential balm
Dilute 600～800 times to pour in container；2. raw material is taken: plant ash 10～20 parts, Fructus Cannabis 2～4 parts, wild Radix Notoginseng 4～6 parts, gold
Do not change 1～3 part, Herba Abri 2～4 parts, Herba Houttuyniae 1～3 parts respectively clean dry after pour into step 1. in container in；3. add
Step 2. in the water of raw material gross weight 10 times stir after seal one month～after two months；
C) fruiting period: took the medicinal liquid that following manner prepares every 10～12 days and carry out the morning, noon and afternoon and respectively spray once: take raw material:
Mashed garlic 10～20 parts, Zanthoxyli Bungeani powder 2～4 parts, Rhizoma Paridis 1～3 parts, Rhizoma Pinelliae 0.2～0.6 part, Salvia japonica Thunb. 1～2 parts, Punica granatum L.
Skin 5～8 parts, Folium Pleioblasti 2～6 parts are cleaned respectively after mashing and are put in container, then stir toward the white vinegar of addition 10～15 times in container
Mix uniformly.
Embodiment 3
A kind of high-yield planting method of Fructus Pruni salicinae, comprises the following steps that
1) selection of land, soil treatment: selecting height above sea level is the soil between 800～1000 meters, and physical features is smooth, soil layer is deep, matter
The soil that ground loosens, permeability is good is as planting site；The corn stalk that the previous year is dried move to soil burns after with
Soil is mixed thoroughly, the next day soil ploughed deeply solarization soil, the degree of depth is 30～40cm；Carry out after February for the first time the most whole carefully, make the soil can
Obtaining being exposed to the sun of sunlight, improve the organic principle in soil, it is whole carefully that late March carries out second time, first sprinkles one at soil surface
Layer ferments more than more than 4 months through natural packing and is the chicken manure of 2:2:1, carbamide and the base fertilizer of green manure mixing by weight ratio,
The amount of discharging of base fertilizer should be 1 mu of ground 1200kg, opens ridge, row spacing 35～50cm after whole fine earth earth, and ridge is 25～30cm deeply, each ridge it
Between furrow width 20～30cm；Preferably, green manure is mainly made up of the raw material of following weight portion: 20 parts of rice husk, bagasse 15 parts, purple
Cloud English 2 parts, Herba crotalariae mucronatae 4 parts, Pennisetum hydridum 3 parts, Radix Ribis manschurici 4 parts, Herba Galii Bungei 2 parts, the preparation method of above-mentioned green manure is as follows: take raw material
Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici), Herba crotalariae mucronatae, Pennisetum hydridum, Radix Ribis manschurici, Herba Galii Bungei, rice husk, bagasse spread respectively in clean dustpan, then will dress
The dustpan having above-mentioned raw materials is put under the sun and dries, then Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici) after drying, Herba crotalariae mucronatae, Pennisetum hydridum, Radix Ribis manschurici, four leaves
Grass is put into together and is crossed 80～100 mesh after pulverizing in pulverizer and get final product；
2) field planting: space between plants is 2～3m, planting hole diameter 0.8～1m, the degree of depth 0.5～0.8m, every 5 trees join cultivation
One pollinizers, is vertically placed on plum seedling cave central authorities, root is all launched, then bankets while carry trunk, make when planting
Do not have space to combine closely between root system and soil, first insert soil thick for one layer of 1cm during backfill soil and place into the fertilizer of one layer of 0.5cm
Material I is further filled with earth, fills out while tread, and one layer of fertilizer of one layer of soil backfills all soil, at the root of every Seedling in the manner described above
Portion's surrounding uniform sprinkling makes the humidity of soil between 25%～30%, and wherein fertilizer I is by the raw material preparation of following weight portion
Become: plant ash 20 parts, orange peel 4 parts, Oil-tea-cake 3 parts, pig manure 1.5 parts, Lumbricus 4 parts, Folium Artemisiae Argyi 4 parts；
3) water-proofing treatment: bury one or more drain pipe in each gutter, and it is positioned under planting hole 10～15cm,
Each drain pipe is obliquely installed and length is more than the length on ridge；Described drain pipe offers in order to by soil in water (flow) direction
In water drain into the some through holes in drain pipe, be additionally provided with in described drain pipe to be turned on and off described some through holes
Baffle plate；During rainy season, rotating described baffle plate and open described through hole, arid season butterfly closes through hole；
4) rich water quality management:
(1) execute material to manage:
A) Hua Qianfei, before plum seedling rudiment 1～2 week, the local open loop shape ditch distance plum seedling 5～8cm applied fertilizer
Material II, every young plant fertilising 0.4～0.6kg, then sprinkle water, make soil moisture 10%～15%, wherein fertilizer II is by the most former
Material composition: ammonium hydrogen carbonate 3%, duck dung tree 7%, straw 3%, wood flour 28%, Semen Maydis flour 16%, Testa Tritici 16%, chicken droppings 27%；
B) Hua Houfei, spends 1～2 week thanking, every young plant fertilising 1～2kg fertilizer III, and fertilizer III is made up of following raw material:
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10%, Pseudobulbus Cremastrae Seu Pleiones 5%, Flos Buddlejae 3%, wood flour 25%, Testa Tritici 17%, phosphorus pentoxide 3%, husk of Radix Et Rhizoma Fagopyri Tatarici extraction
Liquid 5%, carbamide 10%, Oil-tea-cake 8%, plant ash 7%, Folium Capsici 7%；Above-mentioned fertilizer can promote young sprout and fruit growth, subtracts
Few fruit drops；
C) fruit-promoting fertilizer, applied in the fruit stone phase, and the local open loop shape ditch in distance fruit tree 1～5cm applies fertilizer IV, often
Young plant fertilising 1～2kg, fertilizer IV is made up of following raw material: magnesium phosphate 10%, ammonium sulfate 20%, plant ash 10%, Broussonetia papyrifera skin
20%, peat soil 20%, wood flour 20%；
D) fruit promoting is fertile, and before fruit maturation, the local open loop shape ditch at distance fruit tree 1cm applies fertilizer V, and every young plant applies fertilizer
1.2～2.2kg, fertilizer V is made up of following raw material: potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10%, orange peel 20%, carbamide 20%, little Huang Gelsemium elegans Benth.
5%, dehydrated potato powder 20%, taro meal 10%；
(2) water management:
A) first stage: sprinkling water before Japanese plum rudiment, every mu of water spilling 200-500 kilogram, so that soil moisture is 15%-
18%；
B) second stage: in the stone phase, hydropenia wants timely moisturizing, and excess moisture need to carry out draining in time, finally keeps soil
Earth humidity is 5%-10%；
5) flower and fruit management:
Flower and fruit thinning: the flower on the flower that vegetables open evening, weak branch, the Flos Lonicerae on long medium fruit branch, spend upward；Long fruit branch stays 3 fruits,
Medium fruit branch stays 2～3 fruits, fruit spur, bouquet shape branch stay 1 fruit or do not stay；
6) diseases prevention and treatment:
A) florescence: the medicinal liquid selecting fine a day to use following methods to prepare in mid-term of blooming sprays:
1. Herba Lophatheri 10～15 parts, Herba Senecionis Scandentis 5～8 parts, Fructus Gardeniae 6～10 parts, Herba Lysimachiae 5～10 parts, Spica Prunellae 2～4 parts, Herba Commelinae Diffusae are taken
Pulverized 80～100 eye mesh screens together, obtained mixed powder I for 4～6 parts；2. white by mixed powder I and mixed powder I gross weight 3～5 times
Vinegar is put in ceramic pot together, stirs, and seals and places 10～15 days；3. mixed powder I gross weight 4～the white vinegar of 6 times are added,
Seal after stirring and place 10～15 days；
B) before result: took the prepared medicinal liquid of following manner every 5～8 days and carry out the most each sprinkling once: 1. by essential balm
Dilute 600～800 times to pour in container；2. raw material is taken: plant ash 10～20 parts, Fructus Cannabis 2～4 parts, wild Radix Notoginseng 4～6 parts, gold
Do not change 1～3 part, Herba Abri 2～4 parts, Herba Houttuyniae 1～3 parts respectively clean dry after pour into step 1. in container in；3. add
Step 2. in the water of raw material gross weight 10 times stir after seal one month～after two months；
C) fruiting period: took the medicinal liquid that following manner prepares every 10～12 days and carry out the morning, noon and afternoon and respectively spray once: take raw material:
Mashed garlic 10～20 parts, Zanthoxyli Bungeani powder 2～4 parts, Rhizoma Paridis 1～3 parts, Rhizoma Pinelliae 0.2～0.6 part, Salvia japonica Thunb. 1～2 parts, Punica granatum L.
Skin 5～8 parts, Folium Pleioblasti 2～6 parts are cleaned respectively after mashing and are put in container, then stir toward the white vinegar of addition 10～15 times in container
Mix uniformly.
Two, Fructus Pruni salicinae yield checking
Use the embodiment of the present invention 1～3 and traditional approach plant 50 strain Fructus Pruni salicinaes respectively, verification condition is as follows:
Fructus Pruni salicinae Seedling: crisp red Lee；
The plantation time: on March 14th, 2013；
Plantation soil: select the soil that bottom is identical.
What 3 years records used embodiment of the present invention and traditional approach plantation Fructus Pruni salicinae the results are shown in Table 1:
Table 1 the inventive method and the result of traditional method plantation Fructus Pruni salicinae
| Method for planting | Survival rate/the % of Seedling | Insect pest preventing and controlling rate/% | Yield (every mu) |
| Embodiment 1 | 91% | 91.2% | 4200 jin |
| Embodiment 2 | 93% | 93.4% | 4300 jin |
| Embodiment 3 | 92% | 92.3% | 4110 jin |
| Tradition | 85% | 83.2% | 3300 jin |
From the results shown in Table 1, embodiment of the present invention plantation Fructus Pruni salicinae is used to plant Fructus Pruni salicinae, Seedling relative to traditional approach
Survival rate high, insect pest preventing and controlling rate is high, thus transmission planting patterns Fructus Pruni salicinae yield relatively exceeds 20～30%.
Claims (8)
1. the high-yield planting method of a Fructus Pruni salicinae, it is characterised in that: the high-yield planting method of described Fructus Pruni salicinae comprises the following steps:
1) selection of land, soil treatment: selecting height above sea level is the soil between 800～1000 meters, and physical features is smooth, soil layer is deep, quality is thin
The soil loose, permeability is good is as planting site；The corn stalk that the previous year is dried move to soil burns after with soil
Mix thoroughly, the next day soil ploughed deeply solarization soil, the degree of depth is 30～40cm；Carry out after February for the first time the most whole carefully, make soil to obtain
Being exposed to the sun of sunlight, improves the organic principle in soil, and it is whole carefully that late March carries out second time, first spreads last layer warp at soil surface
Crossing natural packing fermentation more than more than 4 months and by weight ratio is the base fertilizer that the chicken manure of 2:2:1, carbamide and green manure mix, base fertilizer
The amount of discharging should be 1 mu of ground 1200kg, open ridge, row spacing 35～50cm after whole fine earth earth, ridge is 25～30cm deeply, between each ridge
Draining furrow width 20～30cm；
2) field planting: space between plants is 2～3m, planting hole diameter 0.8～1m, the degree of depth 0.5～0.8m, every 5 trees join cultivation one
Pollinizers, are vertically placed on plum seedling cave central authorities, root are all launched, then bankets while carry trunk, make root system when planting
And do not have space to combine closely between soil, first insert soil thick for one layer of 1cm during backfill soil and place into the fertilizer I of one layer of 0.5cm
Being further filled with earth, fill out while tread, one layer of fertilizer of one layer of soil backfills all soil, at the root four of every Seedling in the manner described above
Week, uniform sprinkling made the humidity of soil between 25%～30%, and wherein fertilizer I is prepared from by the raw material of following weight portion: grass
Wood ash 10～20 parts, orange peel 2～4 parts, Oil-tea-cake 1～3 parts, pig manure 0.5～1.5 parts, Lumbricus 1～4 parts, Folium Artemisiae Argyi 2～4 parts；
3) water-proofing treatment: bury one or more drain pipe in each gutter, and it is positioned under planting hole 10～15cm, each
Drain pipe is obliquely installed and length is more than the length on ridge；Described drain pipe offers in order to by soil in water (flow) direction
Water drains into the some through holes in drain pipe, is additionally provided with to be turned on and off the gear of described some through holes in described drain pipe
Plate；During rainy season, rotating described baffle plate and open described through hole, arid season butterfly closes through hole；
4) rich water quality management:
(1) execute material to manage:
A) Hua Qianfei, before plum seedling rudiment 1～2 week, the local open loop shape ditch distance plum seedling 5～8cm applied fertilizer II,
Every young plant fertilising 0.4～0.6kg, then sprinkles water, makes soil moisture 10%～15%, and wherein fertilizer II is by following raw material group
Become: ammonium hydrogen carbonate 2～5%, duck dung tree 3～9%, straw 2～5%, wood flour 25～30%, Semen Maydis flour 15～17%, Testa Tritici 15
～17%, chicken droppings 25～30%；
B) Hua Houfei, spends 1～2 week thanking, and every young plant fertilising 1～2kg fertilizer III, fertilizer III is made up of following raw material: phosphoric acid
Potassium dihydrogen 10%, Pseudobulbus Cremastrae Seu Pleiones 5%, Flos Buddlejae 3%, wood flour 25%, Testa Tritici 17%, phosphorus pentoxide 3%, husk of Radix Et Rhizoma Fagopyri Tatarici lixiviating solution
5%, carbamide 10%, Oil-tea-cake 8%, plant ash 7%, Folium Capsici 7%；
C) fruit-promoting fertilizer, applied in the fruit stone phase, and the local open loop shape ditch in distance fruit tree 1～5cm applies fertilizer IV, every young plant
Fertilising 1～2kg, fertilizer IV is made up of following raw material: magnesium phosphate 10%, ammonium sulfate 20%, plant ash 10%, Broussonetia papyrifera skin 20%,
Peat soil 20%, wood flour 20%；
D) fruit promoting is fertile, and before fruit maturation, the local open loop shape ditch at distance fruit tree 1cm applies fertilizer V, every young plant fertilising 1.2
～2.2kg, fertilizer V are made up of following raw material: potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10%, orange peel 20%, carbamide 20%, little Huang Gelsemium elegans Benth. 5%,
Dehydrated potato powder 20%, taro meal 10%；
(2) water management:
A) first stage: sprinkling water before Japanese plum rudiment, every mu of water spilling 200-500 kilogram, so that soil moisture is 15%-
18%；
B) second stage: in the stone phase, hydropenia wants timely moisturizing, and excess moisture need to carry out draining in time, final keeps soil wet
Degree is 5%-10%；
5) flower and fruit management:
Flower and fruit thinning: the flower on the flower that vegetables open evening, weak branch, the Flos Lonicerae on long medium fruit branch, spend upward；Long fruit branch stays 3 fruits, middle fruit
Branch stays 2～3 fruits, fruit spur, bouquet shape branch stay 1 fruit or do not stay；
6) diseases prevention and treatment:
A) florescence: the medicinal liquid selecting fine a day to use following methods to prepare in mid-term of blooming sprays: 1. take
Herba Lophatheri 10～15 parts, Herba Senecionis Scandentis 5～8 parts, Fructus Gardeniae 6～10 parts, Herba Lysimachiae 5～10 parts, Spica Prunellae 2～4 parts, Herba Commelinae Diffusae 4～6
Part pulverized 80～100 eye mesh screens together, obtained mixed powder I；2. by mixed powder I and mixed powder I gross weight 3～the white vinegar one of 5 times
Rising puts in ceramic pot, stirs, and seals and places 10～15 days；3. mixed powder I gross weight 4～the white vinegar of 6 times, stirring are added
Seal after uniformly and place 10～15 days；
B) before result: took the prepared medicinal liquid of following manner every 5～8 days and carry out the most each sprinkling once: 1. essential balm is diluted
Pour in container for 600～800 times；2. raw material is taken: plant ash 10～20 parts, Fructus Cannabis 2～4 parts, wild Radix Notoginseng 4～6 parts, Radix Stephaniae Sinicae (Radix Stephaniae Dielsianae)
1～3 part, Herba Abri 2～4 parts, Herba Houttuyniae 1～3 parts respectively clean dry after pour into step 1. in container in；3. step is added
The water of middle raw material gross weight 10 times seals one month～after two months after stirring；
C) fruiting period: took the medicinal liquid that following manner prepares every 10～12 days and carry out the morning, noon and afternoon and respectively spray once: take raw material: mashed garlic
10～20 parts, Zanthoxyli Bungeani powder 2～4 parts, Rhizoma Paridis 1～3 parts, Rhizoma Pinelliae 0.2～0.6 part, Salvia japonica Thunb. 1～2 parts, Pericarpium Granati 5
～8 parts, Folium Pleioblasti 2～6 parts clean respectively after mashing and put in container, then toward container adding the white vinegar stirring of 10～15 times all
Even.
The high-yield planting method of a kind of Fructus Pruni salicinae the most as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 1) in, carry out after February
The most whole carefully, soil is exposed to the sun 20～24 hours in the sun.
The high-yield planting method of a kind of Fructus Pruni salicinae the most as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: described position of drain pipe is low
One end connect with cistern, in order to water is drained into cistern.
The high-yield planting method of a kind of Fructus Pruni salicinae the most as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that: described green manure is mainly by weighing as follows
The raw material composition of amount part: rice husk 10～20 parts, bagasse 10～15 parts, Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici) 1～2 parts, Herba crotalariae mucronatae 2～4 parts, Pennisetum hydridum 1
～3 parts, Radix Ribis manschurici 2～4 parts, Herba Galii Bungei 0.5～2 parts.
The high-yield planting method of a kind of Fructus Pruni salicinae the most as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that: the preparation method of described green manure is such as
Under: take raw material Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici), Herba crotalariae mucronatae, Pennisetum hydridum, Radix Ribis manschurici, Herba Galii Bungei and spread respectively in clean dustpan, then will be equipped with
The dustpan of above-mentioned raw materials is put under the sun and dries, then Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici) after drying, Herba crotalariae mucronatae, Pennisetum hydridum, Radix Ribis manschurici, four leaves
Grass, rice husk and bagasse are put into together and are crossed 80～100 mesh after pulverizing in pulverizer and get final product.
The high-yield planting method of a kind of Fructus Pruni salicinae the most as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that: green manure is mainly by following weight portion
Raw material composition: 15 parts of rice husk, bagasse 12 parts, Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici) 1.5 parts, Herba crotalariae mucronatae 2.5 parts, Pennisetum hydridum 2 parts, Radix Ribis manschurici 3 parts, four
Leaf grass 1 part.
The high-yield planting method of a kind of Fructus Pruni salicinae the most as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that: fertilizer I is by following weight portion
Raw material is prepared from: plant ash 15 parts, orange peel 3 parts, Oil-tea-cake 2 parts, pig manure 1 part, Lumbricus 2.5 parts, Folium Artemisiae Argyi 3 parts.
The high-yield planting method of a kind of Fructus Pruni salicinae the most as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that: fertilizer II is by following percentage ratio
Raw material forms: ammonium hydrogen carbonate 5%, duck dung tree 3%, straw 5%, wood flour 25%, Semen Maydis flour 15%, Testa Tritici 17%, chicken droppings 30%.
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