CN106212121B - The method of high temperature overlay film prevention and treatment bradysia odoriphaga - Google Patents
The method of high temperature overlay film prevention and treatment bradysia odoriphaga Download PDFInfo
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- CN106212121B CN106212121B CN201610582216.2A CN201610582216A CN106212121B CN 106212121 B CN106212121 B CN 106212121B CN 201610582216 A CN201610582216 A CN 201610582216A CN 106212121 B CN106212121 B CN 106212121B
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- Prior art keywords
- leek
- film
- bradysia odoriphaga
- overlay film
- sunray
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M1/00—Stationary means for catching or killing insects
- A01M1/20—Poisoning, narcotising, or burning insects
- A01M1/2094—Poisoning, narcotising, or burning insects killing insects by using temperature, e.g. flames, steam or freezing
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M17/00—Apparatus for the destruction of vermin in soil or in foodstuffs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M2200/00—Kind of animal
- A01M2200/01—Insects
- A01M2200/011—Crawling insects
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods of high temperature overlay film prevention and treatment bradysia odoriphaga, and this method comprises the following steps: (1) " the end of spring and the beginning of summer " between " at the beginning of autumn late summer ", prevents and treats bradysia odoriphaga using method with plastic film;(2) it is certain about weather forecast, selecting atmospheric temperature is more than 25oThe C and strong weather of sunray carries out overlay film;(3) overlay film;(4) film is taken off.The present invention catch leek root system it is more, compared with characteristics such as high temperature resistants, steam temperature in soil is improved using sunray irradiated plastics film and the method that focuses, by bradysia odoriphaga desinsection in soil.The method of the present invention has mainly emphasized higher solar illuminance, with killing leek bradysia odoriphaga worm sources radix, provides " green " production for the outdoor leek of spring and autumn three quarters and winter greenhouse leek and ensures.The present invention have many advantages, such as it is easy to operate, rapidly and efficiently, control cost is low, saving of work and time, environmentally protective, prevention and treatment bradysia odoriphaga effect is good and the lasting period is long.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of high temperature overlay films, the method for continuing efficiently to prevent and treat bradysia odoriphaga, belong to agricultural pests physical control technology
Field.
Background technique
Leek has good edible value and medical value.Leek is full of nutrition, and every 500g fresh chives contain protein 12
G, 2.5 g of fat, 19 g of sugar, 280 mg of calcium, 225 mg of phosphorus, 6.5 mg of iron, carrotene 17.5 mg and vitamin C 95mg
Deng.Leek has the effects that reducing blood lipid, treatment cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and hypertension.Chinese medicine think the sweet temperature of leek food flavor, kidney tonifying Yiyang,
Dissipate blood removing toxic substances, reconcile internal organs, warm stomach, improve a poor appetite and the regulating blood condition and other effects that dehumidifies.Li Shizhen (1518-1593 A.D.) praises that leek " is most beneficial in dish
Person." leek is mainly distributed on the ground such as Vietnam, Malaysia, Mongolia and China, but bradysia odoriphaga be the key that restrict leek growth because
One of son.Bradysia odoriphaga be Bradysia odoriphaga (Bradysia odoriphagaYang and Zhang) larva, belong to Diptera,
Eye Sciaridae, damaging range is wide, and there is generation in the whole nation, especially likes feeding leek.Bradysia odoriphaga aggregation endangers in the soil, individual
It is small, reproduction speed is fast, 4-9 generation is occurring every year in the open, is leading to leek underproduction 40-60%, or even total crop failure.However, bradysia odoriphaga
In addition to adult, other worm states (ovum, larva and pupa) cannot be flown, and will not shift at a distance;Poor (the horizontal distance of adult flight performance
100 m or so), the service life it is short (2-5d), transfer ability is not also strong.Once leek bradysia odoriphaga radix fall sharply or all eliminate, then plus
Upper unsuitable ambient weather, bradysia odoriphaga can not reach in a short time the extent of injury.Therefore, it disposably allows in certain leek field
Bradysia odoriphaga is all eliminated, or bradysia odoriphaga insect population is allowed to fall sharply, and just can control the big generation of bradysia odoriphaga well.
Currently, there are many method of prevention and treatment bradysia odoriphaga, it mainly include cultural control (such as: breed improvement, clear garden), biological control
(such as: nematode, natural enemy, pathogen), physical control (such as: ozone, colour table) and chemical prevention (such as: pesticide).But current city
On face or these methods that common people use have the shortcomings that respective, in addition to chemical agent, show that speed is slow, and effect is not
It can get instant result.Therefore, Agro-chemicals control is still the most popular method of peasant household, it has the characteristics that direct, quick.So
And the application chemical agent of blindness, it is easy that bradysia odoriphaga is made to develop drug resistance, leek carries pesticide residue, causes serious production hidden
Trouble and security risk.Meanwhile it being administered large labor intensity, labor cost is high, is difficult the same day and takes effect, it more difficult to avoid because application is uneven
It is even that a small amount of bradysia odoriphaga is caused to survive, it is largely broken out for later period bradysia odoriphaga and insect population is provided.Therefore, (high temperature is to it for analysis bradysia odoriphaga
Growth and development influences huge), the biological characteristics of leek (opposite bradysia odoriphaga high temperature resistant, drought-resistant etc.), catch the spy of natural weather
Point (5-9 month temperature is higher, sunray is strong) etc. finds the physical method of scientific and reasonable prevention and treatment bradysia odoriphaga a kind of to Guan Chong
It wants.The high temperature of nature is environmentally protective, without economic cost, irradiation uniformly without dead angle, eliminate chemical agent because being artificially administered not
Uniform bring negative consequences or influence.
Summary of the invention
Present invention aims at: bradysia odoriphaga, leek and weather " three " characteristic are combined, is irradiated and is moulded using sunray
The material film and method focused improves steam temperature in soil, by bradysia odoriphaga desinsection in soil, produces for leek " green " and provides
Ensure, saving of work and time save economic cost, it is quick and convenient efficiently, safe green it is environmentally friendly on the basis of, eliminate fragrant-flowered garlic to the maximum extent
Maggot, it is ensured that leek normal growth, allow the common people be able to eat it is appetizing trust leek, exactly our urgent problems to be solved.
Present invention provide the technical scheme that a kind of high temperature method with plastic film prevents and treats bradysia odoriphaga, this method includes following rapid:
(1) " the end of spring and the beginning of summer " between " at the beginning of autumn late summer ", prevents and treats bradysia odoriphaga using method with plastic film;
(2) it is certain about weather forecast, selecting atmospheric temperature is more than 25oThe C and strong weather of sunray carries out overlay film;
(3) overlay film: before overlay film, first cutting off leek, then gives field pipe-net 4-5cm again, improves soil moisture;
(4) take off film: if test same day sunray is strong, afternoon, 5-6:00 took off film;If testing same day sunray
It is at times strong and at other times weak, overlay film 2-4d can be continued, then take off film.
The method sees weather forecast described in (2) step, other than requiring atmospheric temperature, it is often more important that the sun
Light is eager to excel, and highest illuminance is more than that 47000 lx could further increase the soil moisture.
The method before overlay film described in (3) step, first cuts off leek, it is therefore an objective to and prevent film from contacting with leek blade face,
Burn leek leaf portion.If do not cut off leek, leek leaf portion and film can be increased using puing up a shed by the way of (the high 50-100cm of canopy)
Between space, avoid leek leaf portion burn.In addition, also to prevent leek density too big if not cutting off leek, temperature can not be saturating
Leek blade face is crossed to reach in soil.It is recommended that the leek height in growth is tried not more than 10cm or leek density is not easy too greatly,
There are apparent gaps between leek and leek.
The method, overlay film described in (3) step before overlay film, first cut off leek, then give field pipe-net 4-5cm again,
Improve soil moisture, it is proposed that preparation is preferably finished before test the previous day or the morning on same day 8:00 (such as: cutting leek, fill
Water etc.), and overlay film.Purpose is the irradiation time in order to extend sunray to plastic foil, and soil is allowed to be rapidly heated, and is protected as far as possible
The duration of soil high-temperature is held, is more than 38 with the depths the soil 5cm continuous 8h of temperatureoC is best or temperature is higher, and required time is got over
It is short.The reason is that the bradysia odoriphaga mainly position activity more than soil 5cm.
Present invention has an advantage that
With tradition prevention and treatment bradysia odoriphaga method be compared, the present invention have it is easy to operate, rapidly and efficiently, control cost it is low,
Saving of work and time, environmentally protective, prevention and treatment bradysia odoriphaga effect are good and the advantages that the lasting period is long, in leek root maggot prevention and control field with good
Exemplary role.The present invention catch leek root system it is more, compared with characteristics such as high temperature resistants, the side that utilizes sunray irradiated plastics film and focus
Method improves steam temperature in soil, by bradysia odoriphaga desinsection in soil.The method of the present invention has mainly emphasized higher solar irradiation
Degree, bradysia odoriphaga worm sources radix, provides " green " production for the outdoor leek of spring and autumn three quarters and winter greenhouse leek with killing leek
It ensures.
Specific embodiment
Come that the present invention is furture elucidated below by the detailed description of specific embodiment, but is not to limit of the invention
System, merely exemplary explanation.
In order to further demonstrate that advantages of the present invention, inventor has carried out the test of high temperature method with plastic film prevention and treatment bradysia odoriphaga, specifically
Implement as follows:
1. overlay film and small Division
This test is in May, 2016 to July, in Yang Zhen Vegetable & Flower Inst., Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, In Shunyi District of Beijing
Experimental plot carries out.Dropless agricultural film is selected in test, if level land overlay film, button canopy (height is respectively 50cm, 100cm and 150cm) cover
Film, phoxim medicament (40% EC, every 1000 ml/667m2, Lianyungang of Jiangsu Li Ben pesticide chemical Co., Ltd) control group and
Clear water blank control group, 3 repetitions of every processing, every cell 100m2。
2. specific step is as follows for high temperature method with plastic film of the present invention and medicament control prevention and treatment bradysia odoriphaga:
(1) test the previous day is certain about weather forecast, and selecting the second degree/day is more than 25oC and the strong weather of sunray
It is tested.Entire test carries out sun light intensity, the place soil 5cm temperature and humidity etc. with automatic temperature and humidity survey meter and measures, and specifically counts
According to being shown in Table 1.
(2) before May 29, June 19 and June 27 morning 8:00, select 3 pieces of areas in 100m respectively2Leek
Field cuts off leek, then gives field pipe-net 4-5cm again, improves soil moisture, and use level land overlay film, film surrounding soil
Earth or waddy are pushed down, and prevent wind from blowing away film, it is ensured that temperature in the shed, afternoon, 6:00 took off film investigation.
(3) before morning 8:00 on July 1, select 9 pieces of areas respectively in 100m2Leek field put up a shed, frame is high
Respectively 50cm, 100cm and 150cm, 3 repetitions of every processing;Leek is cut off, then, then give field pipe-net, depth of water 4-5cm,
Improve soil moisture;Overlay film is carried out again, and film surrounding is pushed down with soil or waddy, prevents wind from blowing away film, it is ensured that temperature in the shed, under
Noon 6:00 takes off film investigation.
(4) before May 29, June 19, June 27 and July 1 morning 8:00,3 pieces of areas are selected to exist respectively respectively
100m2Leek field, leek is cut off, then gives field pipe-net 4-5cm again, improves soil moisture, makes its exposed as clear
Water blank control.
(5) June 19 selected 3 pieces of areas respectively in 100m2Leek field, leek is cut off, by phoxim medicament (40%
EC, every 1000 ml/667m2) it is made into liquid medicine mixed liquor loading explosive barrel, spray head is removed, then be directed at the leaching of leek stem soil and apply, it is complete
It is poured again with flood afterwards, is used as medicament and compares.
3. investigation method
15 points of " Z " font samplings are taken in the investigation of bradysia odoriphaga worm amount, every 2 pockets of neighbouring investigation, totally 30 pocket;It is adjusted respectively before test
Look into bradysia odoriphaga insect population;The off-test same day, 3d, 7d, 14d, 21d investigate bradysia odoriphaga quantity.
4. data are analyzed
Data information statistics is carried out using Excel 2007;Data analysis is carried out using SPSS 17.0,P< 0.05 as poor
Different significant judgment criteria.
5. result
Level land method with plastic film test result shows: May 29 and off-test same day June 19 reach the control efficiency of bradysia odoriphaga
100%, hence it is evident that it is all dead to see bradysia odoriphaga, and the lasting period is long;The test on June 27 is almost without any preventive effect.Known to analysis: same
Film covering method, different to use the time, the control efficiency obtained is different, has with Intensity of the sunlight and soil maximum temperature
It closes.The Intensity of the sunlight in May 29 and June 19 is 52122 lx and 50181 lx, the depths soil 5cm maximum temperature respectively
For 42.36 DEG C and 40.71 DEG C;And the Intensity of the sunlight on June 27 is 42165 lx, the depths soil 5cm maximum temperature is
33.27℃.Illustrate: being equally level land method with plastic film, Intensity of the sunlight directly affects the maximum temperature of soil, and intensity of illumination is got over
Greatly, soil maximum temperature highest, to the better (see Table 1) of the killing effect of bradysia odoriphaga.On the day of May 29 and test on June 19
Bradysia odoriphaga is all killed, illustrates that high temperature has bradysia odoriphaga and quickly murders effect, and the lasting period is long, with illustrating former leek bradysia odoriphaga worm sources
After being completely eliminated, it is more difficult to endanger population by sudden establish of external bradysia odoriphaga adult in a short time.Therefore, bradysia odoriphaga is further proved
Adult transfer ability is too poor, surely closes with the result of study of forefathers.It is compared with phoxim medicament, June 19, level land overlay film was worked as
Day can all kill bradysia odoriphaga, and the death of the bradysia odoriphaga same day is had no after phoxim processing, illustrate that soil temperature can be improved in method with plastic film
Degree shows quick or instantaneously murders when temperature has the function that some threshold values to bradysia odoriphaga.On the day of due to test on June 27 too
Sunlight line is not strong enough, and the temperature of the depths soil 5cm is lower than 38 DEG C, can not kill bradysia odoriphaga, therefore, compared with the control not
Show preventive effect.
Button canopy method with plastic film test result show: July 2 button canopy height at 50 and 100cm, the off-test same day is to fragrant-flowered garlic
The control efficiency of maggot is up to 100%, hence it is evident that sees that bradysia odoriphaga is all dead;But canopy height is detained in 150cm, the off-test same day is to bradysia odoriphaga
Control efficiency be only 5.53%, illustrate detain canopy height to bradysia odoriphaga prevention and treatment tool have a significant impact.July 2, Intensity of the sunlight was
55435 lx, when button canopy height is 50 and 100cm, the temperature of the depths soil 5cm is respectively 43.43 and 38.56 DEG C, and detains canopy
The temperature of the depths soil 5cm is only 33.81 DEG C when height is 150cm.Show (see Table 2), bradysia odoriphaga children according to this laboratory research
Worm is all dead in 42 DEG C of 2h and 38 DEG C of 8h, and temperature in 34 DEG C of 2d and loses bradysia odoriphaga death, this research just explains
July 2, the different test results for detaining canopy height, also illustrated that the soil moisture is the key factor for influencing bradysia odoriphaga death.If will height
It is buckled always for the plastic foil canopy of 150cm, continues 7d and 14d, 68.69% and 100% is up to respectively to the control efficiency of bradysia odoriphaga.It is logical
Observation discovery is crossed, it is highly the modeling of 150cm if sunray is strong that air themperature is closely related with sunlight power in canopy
Expect that air themperature can be more than 50 DEG C in film canopy.According to our laboratory researches show when temperature it is super up to 37 DEG C of 2h when, bradysia odoriphaga at
Worm, which does not lay eggs or lays eggs, not to be hatched.Therefore, when illustrating to detain canopy 7 or 14d, there is bradysia odoriphaga to pupate successively and turn into adult, it may be because of canopy
Interior air themperature is too high, affects the oviposition of adult, to control the harm of aftermentioned bradysia odoriphaga.
To sum up described in test, in terms of preventing and treating bradysia odoriphaga, method with plastic film of the present invention has easy to operate, quick height compared to medicament
Effect, control cost is low, saving of work and time, it is environmentally protective, prevention and treatment bradysia odoriphaga effect is good and the lasting period is long the advantages that, in the prevention and treatment of leek root maggot
Field has good exemplary role.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of method of high temperature method with plastic film prevention and treatment bradysia odoriphaga, this method comprises the following steps:
(1) " the end of spring and the beginning of summer " between " at the beginning of autumn late summer ", prevents and treats bradysia odoriphaga using method with plastic film;
(2) it is certain about weather forecast, selecting atmospheric temperature is more than 25oThe C and strong weather of sunray carries out overlay film;
(3) overlay film: before overlay film, first cutting off leek, then gives field pipe-net 4-5cm again, improves soil moisture;
(4) take off film: if test same day sunray is strong, afternoon, 5:00-6:00 took off film;If test same day sunray
It is weak when strong, film is taken off again after continuing overlay film 2-4d.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized by: " the end of spring and the beginning of summer " described in (1) step is April, " autumn late summer
It just " is September.
3. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized by: weather forecast is certain about described in (2) step, in addition to requiring greatly
Temperature is outside one's consideration, it is often more important that sunray is eager to excel, and highest illuminance is more than that 47000 lx could further mention the soil moisture
It is high.
4. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized by: before overlay film described in (3) step, if do not cut off leek,
The space between leek leaf portion and film can be increased by the way of scaffolding, avoid leek leaf portion from burning, prevent leek density too
Greatly, temperature can not reach in soil through leek blade face, and the leek height in growth does not exceed 10cm or leek density is unsuitable
Too big, there are apparent gaps between leek and leek.
5. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized by: in (3) step, on the day before overlay film or the morning on same day 8:00 it
Before finish preparation.
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CN108401828A (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2018-08-17 | 张掖市农业科学研究院 | Prevent the method and its application and leek planting technology of bradysia odoriphaga |
CN111903458A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-11-10 | 高媛 | Chinese chive and Chinese chive maggot prevention and treatment method |
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CN101091435A (en) * | 2006-06-22 | 2007-12-26 | 郑建秋 | Method for planting leek organically |
CN101731073A (en) * | 2008-11-12 | 2010-06-16 | 张虎福 | Method for producing pollution-free leek |
CN105660313A (en) * | 2016-01-20 | 2016-06-15 | 长江大学 | Method for preventing Chinese chive maggots through two-time root irrigation |
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2016
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Patent Citations (3)
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CN101091435A (en) * | 2006-06-22 | 2007-12-26 | 郑建秋 | Method for planting leek organically |
CN101731073A (en) * | 2008-11-12 | 2010-06-16 | 张虎福 | Method for producing pollution-free leek |
CN105660313A (en) * | 2016-01-20 | 2016-06-15 | 长江大学 | Method for preventing Chinese chive maggots through two-time root irrigation |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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《高温对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊生长发育的影响》;王玉涛等;《病虫害绿色防控与农产品质量安全-中国植物保护学会2015年学术年会论文集》;20150909;第1节材料与方法-第3节讨论 * |
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