CN106198294A - Field runoff and sediment automated monitor and monitoring method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of field runoff and sediment automated monitor and monitoring method, including cylinder, described cylinder top sets the water intaking valve that is connected with runoff water inlet pipe, middle part be provided with store up flow chamber, bottom sidewall sets out water valve, sets taper weather board below described water intaking valve；Described storage flow chamber bottom surface is the slope shape water storage base plate being supported on cylinder bottom surface through supporting construction, and the least significant end of described slope shape water storage base plate is corresponding with outlet valve lower end；Described cylinder lateral wall is provided with at least one water level probe, and the water level probe height of extreme lower position flushes with the most significant end of described slope shape water storage base plate；Described cylinder bottom surface is provided with LOAD CELLS.Present invention additionally comprises employing the said equipment and carry out the method that field runoff and sediment is monitored automatically, present configuration extremely simple reliable, easy and simple to handle, energy consumption is low, automaticity is high, sand-flash effect is good, accuracy is high, produce and maintenance cost low, the inventive method is simple, reliable, computational methods are simple, accuracy is high, strong operability.

Description

Field runoff and sediment automated monitor and monitoring method

Technical field

The invention discloses a kind of runoff and sediment automated monitor and monitoring method, specifically a kind of field runoff Silt automated monitor and monitoring method.

Background technology

Runoff silt content in soil erosion is one of important parameter weighing soil erosion, is also water and soil conservation value Main contents.According to the difference of measuring principle, silt measuring method can be divided into: direct measuring method and indirect derivation method.Base Runoff and sediment automated monitor in indirect inference method design suffers from the restriction of all many condition, such as power conditions, maintenance Management, cost etc., these runoff and sediment automated monitors are usually applied to laboratory or the higher region of management level, The difficulty of field popularization and application is bigger.

Runoff and sediment automated monitor based on direct measuring method design is then largely determined by certainty of measurement with automatic Change level, the runoff and sediment automated monitor as currently utilized hydrometer method to design has used small-sized runoff bottle or bottle of weighing in a large number As carrying tool, its measurement error is relatively big, and the most easily deposits, and is not easy to management and safeguards；Major part runoff and sediment simultaneously Automated monitor need stirring or pumping equipment, electric power energy supply is proposed higher requirement, these the most all limit its The application of remote districts.

If patent 201510121355.0 is based on two hydrocone type water inlet mixings, and small-sized bottle of weighing is utilized to weigh, This equipment easily deposits, and there is certain restriction in maintenance management；Patent 201410232617.6 make use of motor driven, With automatic sampling and measure multi-level run-off and quantity of sand and mud, but quantity of sand and mud can be measured and needs to stop water inlet, and measure silt from Dynamicization degree is low, which has limited it and uses in the wild, and patent 201520151152.1 enters after make use of No. three siphoning installations and claims Weight bottle, and employ cantilever type weighing sensor and weigh, using impeller counting calculated flow rate, structure constraint is in bottle of weighing Size and the impact of current momentum LOAD CELLS cannot be reduced, there is certain error, when unmanned, reliability has Limit.

To sum up, so far, there is techniques below in the equipment design automatically monitored for field soil erosion runoff and sediment Problem: (1) wild environment is severe, unmanned, device structure complexity not easy care, service life is short, automaticity is low, accurate Really property and poor stability；(2) needing motor or motor, energy consumption is high, power supply difficulty, manufacturing cost increase；(3) runoff is by entering Skewness when mouth is passed through in cylinder, impact liquid level, cause water level signal and weight signal to gather inaccurate.(4) equipment is easy Shoal materials, after completing an interim monitoring, the fully emptying of silt becomes problem, so that measures is accurate next time Property decline.(5) due to unmanned, therefore this equipment must adapt to field work requirement, meet whole-process automatic operation, analysis and The function of transmission.

Summary of the invention

The invention aims to solve above-mentioned technical problem, it is provided that a kind of structure extremely simple reliable, easy and simple to handle, Energy consumption is low, automaticity is high, sand-flash effect is good, accuracy is high, produce and the low field runoff and sediment of maintenance cost is supervised automatically Measurement equipment.

The present invention also provides for a kind of method using the said equipment automatically to monitor field runoff and sediment.

Present device includes that cylinder, described cylinder top set the water intaking valve that is connected with runoff water inlet pipe, middle part is provided with storage Flow chamber, bottom sidewall set out water valve, set taper weather board below described water intaking valve；Described storage flow chamber bottom surface is for prop up through supporting construction The support slope shape water storage base plate in cylinder bottom surface, the least significant end of described slope shape water storage base plate is corresponding with outlet valve lower end；Described Cylinder lateral wall is provided with at least one water level probe, and the water level probe height of extreme lower position and described slope shape water storage base plate are High-end flush；Described cylinder bottom surface is provided with LOAD CELLS.

Matrix overflow groove it is provided with between described water intaking valve and taper weather board,

Described taper weather board is fixed on sidewall through supporting drainage screen, and has between taper weather board end and sidewall 0.4-0.6cm gap.

The angle of inclination of described slope shape water storage base plate is 30 °～50 °.

Also including control unit, described control unit includes single-chip microcomputer, described single-chip microcomputer respectively with water intaking valve and water outlet The valve positioner of valve, water level probe, LOAD CELLS and timer connect.

Also include the remote-wireless communication unit being connected with single-chip microcomputer.

Described remote-wireless communication unit is Big Dipper transport module, and equipment can transmit after data being compressed, signal Stable, be applicable to communication condition severe field condition.

Also including power supply unit, said supply unit includes that accumulator and the scene being connected with described accumulator are mutual Mend electricity generation system.

Existing various measurement equipment are conducted in-depth research by inventor, improve as follows: (1) is in order to solve water inlet impact Greatly, the problem of skewness, matrix overflow groove, taper weather board and support drainage screen at water intaking valve envisaged underneath, matrix overflows Tank can weaken the direct impulsive force of runoff, and can be disperseed by silt in runoff, and runoff can overflow with matrix overflow groove；Taper is led Water plate is for accepting the liquid overflowed by matrix overflow groove, and it is dispersed to perimembranous along the conical surface, makes runoff flow into along sidewall In storage flow chamber, it is to avoid directly impact liquid level, improve the accuracy measured, preferably the gap control between taper weather board end and barrel Making at 0.4-0.6cm, cross conference and cause runoff can not stay along wall, have an impact water level probe, too small meeting causes influent stream slow, Even can block when having a large amount of silt, affect measurement accuracy；Described support drainage screen is possible to prevent leaves stone etc. with runoff Enter fluid reservoir, it is ensured that the accuracy of measurement；(2) creative at storage flow chamber floor design slope shape water storage base plate, a side Face slope shape water storage base plate has guide effect, reduces the liquid stock bottom storage flow chamber, during draining, is conducive to containing silt Runoff guides drain valve into, can realize the draining of fast road, improves detection efficiency；On the other hand, slope shape water storage base plate is difficult to the mud that deposits Sand, during draining, plate face can be washed away by storage stream indoor liquid, provides powerful guarantee, equipment for accurately measuring of next stage It is hardly damaged, reduces maintenance cost.(3) at least one water level probe is set, and makes water level probe height and the institute of extreme lower position The most significant end stating slope shape water storage base plate flushes, existence based on slope shape water storage base plate, setting of the water level probe of extreme lower position Meter position can not be too low, if being less than the most significant end of slope shape water storage base plate, then and the accuracy that may be gathered by influence to sediment, also It is unfavorable for calculating；Further, when only one water level probe, also can make water level in storage flow chamber less than slope shape water storage base plate High-end, cause cannot slope shape water storage base plate being formed and effectively wash away.(4) water intaking valve and outlet valve are controlled by valve positioner Opening and closing, described valve can use the valve of the quickly response such as such as electromagnetic valve.Whole control process can pass through single-chip microcomputer control System, truly realize unattended automatization.(5) single-chip microcomputer is utilized to gather water level signal through water level probe, through claiming Weight sensor collection storage flow chamber in weight signal, through timer record arrive a certain water level time, combine known to other Data, can realize computational analysis in single-chip microcomputer, obtain target data, and realize data biography by remote-wireless communication unit Defeated；(6) not using motor or motor in whole equipment, while automatization, energy consumption control is extremely low, can use storage battery power supply, Further, also can connect wind and solar hybrid generating system provides electric energy to accumulator, meets the various requirement of field work, adapts to The adverse circumstances of field work.

Use the said equipment to field soil erosion runoff and sediment automatic monitoring method, comprise the following steps:

(1) controlling to open water intaking valve, the footpath that runoff water inlet pipe flows into flows through water intaking valve and flows into the storage flow chamber in cylinder, works as water Visited meter sensing by this water level when position arrives the water level probe of extreme lower position, send a signal to single-chip microcomputer, when controlling timer record Between t1, LOAD CELLS gather weight M1；Controlling water intaking valve to close, outlet valve is opened, and is discharged by the liquid in cylinder simultaneously；

(2) following data of advancing in single-chip microcomputer process: the height of the water level probe combining known extreme lower position is the lowest Water level h₁, cylinder radius r and the density p of water_Water, substitute into formula and calculate: t₁Stage runoff ratet₁Stage body Deposition sand rate

(3) result of calculation and data are sent to long-range receiving terminal through remote-wireless communication unit；

(4) after draining terminates, LOAD CELLS and timer reclassify 0, and control to open water intaking valve, close outlet valve, enter Enter next measurement procedure.

Further, when being provided with the water level probe of n different vertical height in cylinder, then in step (1), control water inlet Valve is persistently intake, and water level is sensed by the water level probe of different vertical height successively, then timer respective record t₁、t₂……t_n, claim Weight sensor gathers weight M₁、M₂……M_n, until after the highest water level probe senses water level, controlling water intaking valve and close, water outlet Valve is opened, and is discharged by the liquid in cylinder；

In step (2), following data of advancing in single-chip microcomputer process: combine the water level probe of known n diverse location Height i.e. water level h₁、h₂……h_n, cylinder radius r, cylinder floor space π r²Density p with water_Water, substitute into formula and calculate, obtain Stage runoff rate and meansigma methods Q of silt rate and S:

$Q=\frac{Q_1+Q_2+...+Q_n}{n}=(\frac{{\mathrm{\πr}}^2\·h_1/2}{t_1}+\frac{{\mathrm{\πr}}^2(h_2-h_1/2)}{t_1+t_2}+...+\frac{{\mathrm{\πr}}^2(h_n-h_1/2)}{t_1+tn})/n$

The present invention designs extremely simple reliable, easy and simple to handle, low without electro-motor or motor, energy consumption, the automatization's journey of structure Degree is high, accuracy high, produce and maintenance cost is low, service life length, sand-flash effect good, without silt silt in equipment time actually used Long-pending, long-time use also can keep excellent accuracy, be particularly well-suited to field soil erosion runoff and sediment and automatically monitor.This Bright method is simple, reliable, computational methods are simple, accuracy is high, strong operability.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is present device structural representation.

Fig. 2 is present device control principle drawing.

Fig. 3 is the relative analysis figure of silt content test value and standard value.

Fig. 4 is the relative analysis of run-off test value and standard value.

Wherein, 1. runoff water inlet pipe；2. entering water electromagnetic valve door；3. matrix overflow groove；4. electromagnetic valve controller；5. support Drainage screen；6. taper weather board；7. storage flow chamber；8. timer；9. go up water level probe；10. descend water level probe；11. water outlet electromagnetism Valve；12. base bayonet sockets；13. LOAD CELLSs；14. support bars；15. ramp type water storage base plates；16. cylinders；17. gaps； 18. accumulator；19. single-chip microcomputers, 20. Big Dippeves/GPRS data delivery unit；21. bases；22. wind and solar hybrid generating systems.

Detailed description of the invention

Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings present device is further explained explanation:

Seeing Fig. 1, present device includes for cylinder 16, control unit, remote-wireless communication unit and is equipment The power supply unit of power supply.

Described cylinder 16 top set be connected with runoff water inlet pipe 1 water intaking valve (as entering water electromagnetic valve door 2 in the present embodiment), Middle part is provided with storage flow chamber 7, bottom sidewall and sets out water valve (for water outlet electromagnetic valve 11 in the present embodiment), described entering water electromagnetic valve door Matrix overflow groove 3 is set, taper weather board 6 (preferably cone), described taper water guide below described matrix overflow groove 3 below 2 Plate 6 is fixed on sidewall through supporting drainage screen 5, and has between taper weather board 6 end and sidewall described in 0.4-0.6cm gap 17 Storage flow chamber 7 bottom surface is the slope shape water storage base plate 15 being supported on cylinder bottom surface through supporting construction (the present embodiment is support bar 14), The angle of inclination a of described slope shape water storage base plate 15 is 30 °～50 °, and its least significant end is corresponding with water outlet electromagnetic valve 11 lower end；Institute State cylinder lateral wall and be provided with at least one water level probe (being provided with water level probe 9 and lower water level probe 10 in the present embodiment), and Water level probe (the lower water level probe 10) height of lower position flushes with the most significant end of described slope shape water storage base plate 15；Described cylinder 16 bottom surfaces are provided with LOAD CELLS 13.

Described control unit includes single-chip microcomputer 19, described single-chip microcomputer 19 respectively with entering water electromagnetic valve door 2 and go out water solenoid valve Electromagnetic valve controller 4, upper water level probe 9, lower water level probe 10, LOAD CELLS 13 and the timer 8 of door 11 connect.

Described remote-wireless communication unit is Big Dipper data transfer unit 20, can transmit after data being compressed, letter Number stable, be applicable to communication condition severe field condition.

Said supply unit includes accumulator 18 and the wind and solar hybrid generating system 22 being connected with described accumulator.

Battery 18 in the present embodiment, in described control unit, remote-wireless communication unit and power supply unit Installing concentratedly in the base 21 of cylinder 16 bottom part down, base 21 is fixed through base bayonet socket 12.

Monitoring process embodiments 1:

1), during rainfall, single-chip microcomputer 19 controls entering water electromagnetic valve door 2 through electromagnetic valve controller 4 and opens, water outlet electromagnetic valve 11 close, and footpath flows through runoff water inlet pipe 1 and flows in matrix overflow groove 3, and matrix overflow groove 3 can weaken the direct impulsive force of runoff, And silt in runoff can be disperseed, runoff then flows into taper weather board through support drainage screen 5 filtration after overflowing with matrix overflow groove 3 6 upper surfaces, after runoff is uniformly distributed by taper weather board 6, flow in storage flow chamber 7 along the sidewall of cylinder 16 through gap 17, thus Direct impact liquid level, elapsed time t are avoided in water inlet₁When water level arrives lower water level probe 10, water level probe 10 is signaled to list Sheet machine, LOAD CELLS 13 records and incoming for information single-chip microcomputer 19 is stored as weight M₁, timer 8 records time t simultaneously₁And By incoming for information single-chip microcomputer 19, single-chip microcomputer collection obtains t1 and M₁；Control entering water electromagnetic valve door 2 to close simultaneously, go out water solenoid valve Door 11 is opened, and due to the effect of ramp type water storage base plate 15, quickly can be discharged by the liquid in storage flow chamber 7, will not deposit Silt, does not affect the accuracy weighed next time；

2) following data of advancing in single-chip microcomputer 19 process: combine the height i.e. low water level of known lower water level probe 10 h₁, cylinder radius r and the density p of water_Water, substitute into formula and calculate: t₁Stage runoff ratet₁Stage volume Silt rate

(3) result of calculation and data are sent to long-range receiving terminal through Big Dipper data transfer unit 20；The most long-range Receiving terminal also can send control signal and send single-chip microcomputer 19 to and perform to control accordingly after Big Dipper data transfer unit 20 receives Instruction, such as being turned on and off of equipment.

(4) after draining terminates, single-chip microcomputer 19 controls LOAD CELLS 13 and timer 8 reclassifies 0, and controls to open into water Valve, cuts out outlet valve, enters next measurement procedure.

Monitoring process embodiments 2

Step (1) is identical with monitoring process embodiments 1, except for the difference that, after water level arrives lower water level probe 10, keeps holding Continuous water inlet, treats water level elapsed time t₂In arrival during water level probe 9, LOAD CELLS 13 records and by incoming for information single-chip microcomputer 19 It is stored as weight M₂, timer 8 records time t₂And incoming for information single-chip microcomputer 19 is stored as t₂, single-chip microcomputer 19 through with electromagnetic valve Door control unit 4 controls entering water electromagnetic valve door 2 and closes, and water outlet electromagnetic valve 11 is opened, can quickly will storage flow chamber 7 in liquid Body is discharged；

In step (2), following data of advancing in single-chip microcomputer 19 process: combine the height of known lower water level probe 10 i.e. Low water level h₁, the height i.e. high water level h of upper water level probe₂, cylinder radius r and the density p of water_Water, substitute into formula and calculate, obtain rank Section runoff rate and meansigma methods Q of silt rate and S:

Stage runoff rate

Step (3) and step (4) are with monitoring process embodiments 1.

Further, as required, cylinder 16 can also arrange plural water level probe (not shown), Its monitoring Principle of Process is processed by embodiment 2, following data of advancing in single-chip microcomputer: combine the water of known n diverse location Height i.e. water level h1, h2 of position probe ... hn, cylinder radius r, cylinder floor space π r²Density p with water_Water, substitute into formula meter Calculate, obtain stage runoff rate and meansigma methods Q of silt rate and S:

$Q=\frac{Q_1+Q_2+\mathrm{...}+Q_n}{n}=(\frac{{\mathrm{\πr}}^2\·h_1/2}{t_1}+\frac{{\mathrm{\πr}}^2(h_2-h_1/2)}{t_1+t_2}+\mathrm{...}+\frac{{\mathrm{\πr}}^2(h_n-h_1/2)}{t_1+tn})/n$

In order to verify the accuracy that present device is monitored, inventor has carried out following experiment:

Weigh m_iG earth, adds V_iIn L water, prepare quantity of sand and mud S_i=m_i/V_iMud mixture, the different gradient of the many groups of preparation S_i, in order to test the mensuration accuracy to quantity of sand and mud.Fixing quantity effusion meter is utilized to control flow V_i, test run-off measures Accuracy.

Control S_i, do not control V_iTesting, read 5 secondary data, flat quasi-value and the mark of trying to achieve quantity of sand and mud mensuration are poor.Control Flow V processed_i, do not control S_iTesting, read 5 secondary data, flat quasi-value and the mark of trying to achieve run-off mensuration are poor.

Experimental result is shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, as it can be seen, the test value of quantity of sand and mud and run-off all has ten clearly demarcated with actual value Aobvious dependency relation, and the measured value of quantity of sand and mud and actual value relative error are within 7.8%, the test value of run-off is with true Value relative error is within 4.1%, and equipment has preferable certainty of measurement.

Claims (10)

1. a field runoff and sediment automated monitor, including cylinder, it is characterised in that described cylinder top sets and flows to footpath Water intaking valve, middle part that water pipe connects are provided with storage flow chamber, bottom sidewall sets out water valve, sets taper weather board below described water intaking valve； Described storage flow chamber bottom surface is the slope shape water storage base plate being supported on cylinder bottom surface through supporting construction, described slope shape water storage base plate Least significant end is corresponding with outlet valve lower end；Described cylinder lateral wall is provided with at least one water level probe, and the water level probe of extreme lower position Height flushes with the most significant end of described slope shape water storage base plate；Described cylinder bottom surface is provided with LOAD CELLS.

2. field as claimed in claim 1 runoff and sediment automated monitor, it is characterised in that described water intaking valve is led with taper Matrix overflow groove it is provided with between water plate.

3. field as claimed in claim 1 runoff and sediment automated monitor, it is characterised in that described taper weather board is through propping up Support drainage screen is fixed on sidewall, and has 0.4-0.6cm gap between taper weather board end and sidewall.

4. field as claimed in claim 1 runoff and sediment automated monitor, it is characterised in that described slope shape water storage base plate Angle of inclination be 30 °～50 °.

5. the field runoff and sediment automated monitor as described in any one of claim 1-5, it is characterised in that also include control Unit processed, described control unit includes single-chip microcomputer, described single-chip microcomputer respectively with water intaking valve and the valve positioner of outlet valve, water level Probe, LOAD CELLS and timer connect.

6. field as claimed in claim 5 runoff and sediment automated monitor, it is characterised in that also include with single-chip microcomputer even The remote-wireless communication unit connect.

7. field as claimed in claim 5 runoff and sediment automated monitor, it is characterised in that described remote-wireless communication Unit is Big Dipper data transfer unit.

8. field as claimed in claim 4 runoff and sediment automated monitor, it is characterised in that also include power supply unit, Said supply unit includes accumulator and the wind and solar hybrid generating system being connected with described accumulator.

9. one kind uses equipment described in any one of claim 1-8 to field runoff and sediment automatic monitoring method, it is characterised in that

Comprise the following steps:

(1) controlling to open water intaking valve, the footpath that runoff water inlet pipe flows into flows through in the storage flow chamber that water intaking valve flows into cylinder, when water level arrives Visited meter sensing by this water level when reaching the water level probe of extreme lower position, send a signal to single-chip microcomputer, control timer record time t1, LOAD CELLS gathers weight M1；Controlling water intaking valve to close, outlet valve is opened, and is discharged by the liquid in cylinder simultaneously；

(2) following data of advancing in single-chip microcomputer process: combine the height i.e. low water level of the water level probe of known extreme lower position h₁, cylinder radius r and the density p of water_Water, substitute into formula and calculate: t₁Stage runoff ratet₁Stage body deposition Husky rate

(3) result of calculation and data are sent to long-range receiving terminal through remote-wireless communication unit；

(4) after draining terminates, LOAD CELLS and timer reclassify 0, and control to open water intaking valve, close outlet valve, under entrance One measurement procedure.

10. field as claimed in claim 9 runoff and sediment automatic monitoring method, it is characterised in that when being provided with n in cylinder During the water level probe of different vertical height, then in step (1), controlling water intaking valve and persistently intake, water level is successively by different vertical height The water level probe sensing of degree, then timer respective record t₁、t₂……t_n, LOAD CELLS gathers weight M₁、M₂……M_n, until After the highest water level probe senses water level, controlling water intaking valve and close, outlet valve is opened, and is discharged by the liquid in cylinder；

In step (2), following data of advancing in single-chip microcomputer process: combine the height of the water level probe of known n diverse location Degree i.e. water level h₁、h₂……h_n, cylinder radius r and the density p of water_Water, substitute into formula and calculate, obtain stage runoff rate and silt Meansigma methods Q of rate and S: