CN104808262B - Long-term forest eco-hydrology water yield automation dynamic measurement method and device - Google Patents
Long-term forest eco-hydrology water yield automation dynamic measurement method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN104808262B CN104808262B CN201510259727.6A CN201510259727A CN104808262B CN 104808262 B CN104808262 B CN 104808262B CN 201510259727 A CN201510259727 A CN 201510259727A CN 104808262 B CN104808262 B CN 104808262B
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Abstract
A long-term forest eco-hydrology water yield automation dynamic measurement method and device relate to a forest eco-hydrology water yield measurement method and device. The invention aims at solving the problems that dynamic process research cannot be realized by the existing artificial measurement, the artificial measurement precision is low, and unpredictable data loss is caused by a harsh environment. The method comprises the steps: a measurement point is selected, a sample land is built, and a penetration rain water flow rate, a trunk runoff flow rate and a surface and soil runoff flow rate are obtained by utilizing an eco-hydrology water yield dynamic measurement device and calculating with corresponding flow rate formulas. The device comprises that a plug of a lower end port of a water level measuring tank is drilled to mount an ABS water tank joint, the ABS water tank joint is connected with a normally closed solenoid valve and a liquid level transmitter, water level probes are mounted on a water level measuring barrel, a solar cell panel is erected, and the solar cell panel, the liquid level transmitter, the water level probe I, the water level probe II and the solenoid valve are connected to a controller. The invention is used for long-term forest eco-hydrology water yield automation dynamic measurement.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of forest ecology Hydrology measuring method and device, particularly relate to a kind of earth's surface,
Soil runoff, trunk runoff and penetrates the long-term automatization's dynamic measurement method of amount of rainfall and device, belongs to Eco-hydrological physical property
Matter index measurement method and its measuring instrument field.
Background technology
Water is the important substance of forest ecosystem material circulation, while also serve as system matter and energy circulating and gloomy
The main carriers of woods Eco-hydrological Processes participate in forest ecosystem and adjust and control process.The water of forest ecosystem mainly leads to
Precipitation input is crossed, but is subject to forest influence, precipitation is reallocated in input process, with trunk runoff and in the form of penetrating rain
Into forest, river is come together in by different footpaths streamed (rainwash and interflow) then, export forest.Water input with
Forest ecology hydrologic process, the conversion and transport in impact system between material is participated in during output forest, therefore monitors forest
The water yield in ecosystem in various process is to probe into the important side of the researchs such as forest rainfall redistribution general layout, runoff gathering process
Method, it is significant to probing into Forest Carbon nitrogen cycle, it is the premise for studying Eco-hydrological Processes.
Process monitoring is carried out by manual measurement or using rain gage bucket mainly to ecological Hydrology quantifier elimination at present
And total measurement.But manual measurement cannot realize process water monitoring and when the water yields such as heavy rain are excessive, particularly night
Between under experimental situation harsh conditions, manual measurement cannot data acquisition in time, shortage of data may be caused, cause to test number
According to loss.Rain gage bucket can carry out water yield dynamic studies, but due to workload degree system, it is impossible to meet the monitoring of big flow.
The content of the invention
The brief overview with regard to the present invention is given below, to provide with regard to the basic of certain aspects of the invention
Understand.It should be appreciated that this general introduction is not the exhaustive general introduction with regard to the present invention.It is not intended to determine the pass of the present invention
Key or pith, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the present invention.Its purpose only provides some concepts in simplified form,
In this, as the preamble in greater detail discussed after a while.
In consideration of it, according to an aspect of the invention, there is provided one kind to penetrate the long-term forest ecology hydrology water yield of rain automatic
Change dynamic measurement method, cannot realize that process dynamics are studied at least to solve existing manual measurement, manual measurement precision is low, badly
The caused uncertain loss of data of experimental situation problem.
The present invention's penetrates the long-term forest ecology hydrology water yield automatization dynamic measurement method of rain, concretely comprises the following steps：
Step one：Measurement point being selected, sample ground being set up by standard, each three experimental point of sample ground random selection, in experimental point
Support is set, is set up for measurement apparatus；
Step 2：Rectangular pyramid funnel is made in experimental point and handstand is placed on support so that the base of rectangular pyramid and ground
There is certain distance in face, and adjusts four pyramid bottom surface levels, and rectangular pyramid funnel is used as penetrating rain drip pan；
Step 3：Pvc pipe is intercepted, and pvc pipe lower end is shut with plug, ABS water tank joints are installed in plug upper drill hole,
Pvc pipe is penetrating rainwater position as rain water level measuring cylinder, ABS water tanks joint connection normally closed solenoid valve and fluid level transmitter is penetrated
Measuring cylinder installs water-level probe I and water-level probe II up and down, will penetrate rain water level measuring cylinder and be placed into and penetrate rain drip pan and just descend
Just, and rain water level measuring cylinder will be penetrated with steel pipe vertically to fix；
Step 4：Open field sets up solar panel in the forest, and by solar panel, fluid level transmitter,
Water-level probe I, water-level probe II, electromagnetic valve are connected to controller；
Step 5：After measurement apparatus installation, according to experiment demand, between the clock chip record time of setting controller
Every Δ t (s)；During experiment, penetrate rain and collected by penetrating rain drip pan, enter and penetrate rain water level measuring cylinder；Controller is setting
Fixed time interval record penetrates water-head Δ h (mm) in rain water level measuring cylinder, and when water level reaches the highest water of setting
Position, measurement apparatus are opened electromagnetic valve and start draining, when the lowest water level for penetrating the water in rain water level measuring cylinder and being reduced to setting
When, measurement apparatus close electromagnetic valve, penetrate rain water level measuring cylinder and continue water-retention, and the peak level touches water for the water surface
Position probe I, the lowest water level touch water-level probe II for the water surface；After experiment terminates, experimental data in controller is led
Go out, then according to formula calculate Eco-hydrological Processes in penetrate rain water flow Q1 (L/h), computing formula is：D is the diameter for penetrating rain water level measuring cylinder.
Further：The sample ground of 10m × 10m is set up in the step one by standard.
Further：The rectangular pyramid funnel of a length of 800mm in base in the step 2 being welded PP plastic plates stands upside down and puts
Put on the support that reinforcing bar is welded so that the base of rectangular pyramid is apart from ground 1000mm.
Further：Pvc pipe that a diameter of 110mm, length are 500mm is intercepted in the step 3 as penetrating rainwater position
Measuring cylinder.
The present invention penetrates the device of rain long-term forest ecology hydrology water yield automatization kinetic measurement for realization, including control
Device, solar panel, fluid level transmitter, water-level probe I, water-level probe II, electromagnetic valve, penetrate rain water level measuring cylinder and ABS
Water tank joint, the lower port for penetrating rain water level measuring cylinder are shut with plug, install ABS water tank joints, ABS water in plug upper drill hole
Case joint lower end connects normally closed solenoid valve, and its upper end connection liquid position transmitter is pacified up and down in the barrel for penetrating rain water level measuring cylinder
Dress water-level probe I and water-level probe II, open field sets up solar panel in the forest, and by solar panel, liquid
Position transmitter, water-level probe I, water-level probe II, electromagnetic valve are connected to controller.
The rain water level measuring cylinder that penetrates adopts a diameter of 110mm, length to be made up of the pvc pipe of 500mm.
The controller include the SD card module of record data, Arduino Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system, 12V20Ah accumulator,
OLED LCDs and SD2405 RTC clock chips, the SD card module of record data, 12V20Ah accumulator, OLED liquid
Crystal display screen and SD2405 RTC clocks chip are connected with Arduino Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system respectively.
In controller, SD card module can be replaced the TF card modules of SPI communications；Arduino Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system can be replaced
Other Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system (such as STM)；12V20Ah accumulator can be replaced more large-capacity battery, but voltage is necessary for 12V；. control
Device processed can install wireless communication function (SIM note, wireless radio transmission, wifi transmission, Bluetooth transmission etc.) additional, realize that data are automatic
Passback；The controller part of solar panel can increase civil power auxiliary power supply function；It is simultaneous that fluid level transmitter can select other
The voltage output type transmitter of appearance.
In addition, in the Spring Freeze-thawing phase, for preventing from freezing, thermostat can be installed for water level measuring cylinder, prevent water from freezing.
In consideration of it, according to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a kind of long-term forest ecology hydrology water yield of trunk runoff
At least to solve existing manual measurement, automatization's dynamic measurement method, cannot realize that process dynamics are studied, manual measurement precision is low,
The problem of the caused uncertain loss of data of severe experimental situation.
The long-term forest ecology hydrology water yield automatization dynamic measurement method of trunk runoff of the present invention, concretely comprises the following steps：
Step one：Measurement point is selected, the sample ground set up by standard, each three experimental point of sample ground random selection, in sample ground
Trees trunk runoff is collected with collector pipe；
Step 2：The pvc pipe that a diameter of 300mm, length are 300mm, a diameter of 200mm, length is intercepted respectively in experimental point
The pvc pipe for 200mm, the pvc pipe of a diameter of 110mm, length for 200mm is spent, and three pvc pipes for intercepting are adopted into change successively
Drive connector is sealed connected together composition trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder, the small-bore end plug of trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder
Shut, ABS water tank joints, ABS water tanks joint connection normally closed solenoid valve and fluid level transmitter are installed in plug upper drill hole, in trunk
Runoff water level measuring cylinder installs water-level probe I and water-level probe II up and down, and trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder is placed into collector pipe
Underface, all trees trunk runoff collector pipes are flowed into after collecting in trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder, keep trunk runoff water
Position measuring cylinder is vertically fixed；
Step 3：Open field sets up solar panel in the forest, and by solar panel, fluid level transmitter,
Water-level probe I, water-level probe II, electromagnetic valve are connected to controller；
Step 4：After measurement apparatus installation, according to experiment demand, between the clock chip record time of setting controller
Every Δ t (s)；During experiment, trunk runoff is collected by collector pipe, into trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder；Controller is in setting
Time interval record trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder in water-head Δ h (mm), and when water level reaches the highest water of setting
Position, measurement apparatus are opened electromagnetic valve and start draining, when the water in trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder is reduced to the lowest water level of setting
When, measurement apparatus close electromagnetic valve, and trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder continues water-retention, and the peak level touches water level for the water surface
Probe I, the lowest water level touch water-level probe II for the water surface；After experiment terminates, experimental data in controller is derived, so
Trunk runoff flow Q2 (L/h) in Eco-hydrological Processes is calculated according to formula afterwards, computing formula is：
Wherein Q2 (L/h) is trunk runoff flow, and Δ t (s) is data record time interval；Δ h (mm) is the record time
Water-head in interval；H1 (mm) and h2 (mm) is respectively former and later two end points of time interval；F (h) be water level measuring cylinder in
The piecewise function of SEA LEVEL VARIATION area of section；Setting pvc pipe diameter 110mm to 200mm and 200mm to 300mm reducing processes
Corresponding height is respectively d1 and d2, then：
Thus Stem-flow Q2 can be calculated to obtain.
Further：The sample ground of 10m × 10m, institute of the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground more than 20mm in sample ground is set up in the step one by standard
There is trees trunk runoff to be collected with collector pipe.
The present invention is used for realizing the device of trunk runoff long-term forest ecology hydrology water yield automatization kinetic measurement, including control
Device processed, solar panel, fluid level transmitter, water-level probe I, water-level probe II, electromagnetic valve, trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder and
ABS water tank joints, the lower port of trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder are shut with plug, install ABS water tank joints in plug upper drill hole,
ABS water tank joints lower end connects normally closed solenoid valve, and its upper end connection liquid position transmitter, in the barrel of trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder
Water-level probe I and water-level probe II is installed up and down, open field sets up solar panel in the forest, and by solaode
Plate, fluid level transmitter, water-level probe I, water-level probe II, electromagnetic valve are connected to controller.
The trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder, by a diameter of 300mm, length for 300mm pvc pipe, a diameter of 200mm,
Pvc pipe of the length for 200mm, a diameter of 110mm, length are the pvc pipe of 200mm, are sealedly connected on using reducer union successively
Constitute together.
The controller include the SD card module of record data, Arduino Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system, 12V20Ah accumulator,
OLED LCDs and SD2405 RTC clock chips, the SD card module of record data, 12V20Ah accumulator, OLED liquid
Crystal display screen and SD2405 RTC clocks chip are connected with Arduino Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system respectively.
In controller, SD card module can be replaced the TF card modules of SPI communications；Arduino Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system can be replaced
Other Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system (such as STM)；12V20Ah accumulator can be replaced more large-capacity battery, but voltage is necessary for 12V；. control
Device processed can install wireless communication function (SIM note, wireless radio transmission, wifi transmission, Bluetooth transmission etc.) additional, realize that data are automatic
Passback；The controller part of solar panel can increase civil power auxiliary power supply function；It is simultaneous that fluid level transmitter can select other
The voltage output type transmitter of appearance.
In addition, in the Spring Freeze-thawing phase, for preventing from freezing, thermostat can be installed for water level measuring cylinder, prevent water from freezing.
In consideration of it, according to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a kind of earth's surface and soil Long Term Runoff forest ecology water
At least to solve existing manual measurement, Wenshui amount automatization dynamic measurement method, cannot realize that process dynamics are studied, manual measurement
Precision is low, the problem of the caused uncertain loss of data of severe experimental situation
The earth's surface of the present invention and soil Long Term Runoff forest ecology hydrology water yield automatization dynamic measurement method, concrete steps
For：
Step one：Choice experiment point, arranges the runoff water yield balanced field of 25m × 25m；Water balance field is from top to bottom arranged
Five water-yielding stratums, ground floor is rainwash, and remaining four layers is interflow, is spaced 300mm between each layer；Per layer is installed a collection
Hydrophone 16,50mm in the embedded soil in water collector one end；
Step 2：The pvc pipe that a diameter of 300mm, length are 300mm, a diameter of 200mm, length is intercepted respectively in experimental point
The pvc pipe for 200mm, the pvc pipe of a diameter of 110mm, length for 200mm is spent, and three pvc pipes for intercepting are adopted into change successively
Drive connector is sealed connected together composition trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder, so makes three trunk runoff water level measuring cylinders, often
The small-bore end of individual trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder is shut with plug, installs ABS water tank joints, ABS water tanks in plug upper drill hole
Joint connects normally closed solenoid valve and fluid level transmitter, installs water-level probe I up and down in trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder and water level is visited
Three trunk runoff water level measuring cylinders are placed into the underface of upper three layers of water collector, the water that upper three layers of water collector collects by head II
Flow in trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder, keep trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder vertically to fix；
Step 3：The pvc pipe that a diameter of 110mm, length are 500mm is intercepted, and pvc pipe lower end is shut with plug,
Plug upper drill hole installs ABS water tank joints, and pvc pipe makes two and penetrates the survey of rainwater position as rain water level measuring cylinder is penetrated, so
Graduated cylinder, ABS water tanks joint connection normally closed solenoid valve and fluid level transmitter, install water-level probe up and down rain water level measuring cylinder is penetrated
I and water-level probe II, will penetrate rain water level measuring cylinder and be placed into the underface of two-layer water collector, what lower two-layer water collector collected
Water is flowed into and is penetrated in rain water level measuring cylinder, and holding penetrates rain water level measuring cylinder and vertically fixes；
Step 4：Open field sets up solar panel in the forest, and by solar panel, fluid level transmitter,
Water-level probe I, water-level probe II, electromagnetic valve are connected to controller；
Step 5：After measurement apparatus installation, according to experiment demand, between the clock chip record time of setting controller
Every Δ t (s)；During experiment, earth's surface and soil runoff are collected by water collector 16, into trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder and penetrating
Rain water level measuring cylinder；Controller records trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder in the time interval of setting and penetrates in rain water level measuring cylinder
Respective water-head Δ h (mm), and when water level reaches the peak level of setting, measurement apparatus are opened electromagnetic valve and start row
Water, when trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder and the water penetrated in rain water level measuring cylinder are reduced to the lowest water level of setting, measurement dress
Closing electromagnetic valve is put, trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder continues water-retention with rain water level measuring cylinder is penetrated, and the peak level is the water surface
Water-level probe I is touched, the lowest water level touches water-level probe II for the water surface；After experiment terminates, will test in controller
Data are derived, and then calculate trunk runoff flow Q2 (L/h) in Eco-hydrological Processes according to formula, and computing formula is：
Wherein Q2 (L/h) is trunk runoff flow, and Δ t (s) is data record time interval；Δ h (mm) is the record time
Water-head in interval；H1 (mm) and h2 (mm) is respectively former and later two end points of time interval；F (h) be water level measuring cylinder in
The piecewise function of SEA LEVEL VARIATION area of section；Setting pvc pipe diameter 110mm to 200mm and 200mm to 300mm reducing processes
Corresponding height is respectively d1 and d2, then：
Thus Stem-flow Q2 can be calculated to obtain；
According to formula calculate Eco-hydrological Processes in penetrate rain water flow Q1 (L/h), computing formula is：
Upper three layers of water balance field are larger due to the water yield, penetrate rain water level measuring cylinder using trunk runoff, and lower two-layer
As the water yield is less, be to improve precision, rain water level measuring cylinder penetrated using rain is penetrated.Experimental provision is installed and runs and penetrate
Rain experiment method is identical, and data processing method with its using to penetrate the corresponding processing mode of rain water level measuring cylinder identical.Separately
Outward, in the Spring Freeze-thawing phase, for preventing from freezing, can be to penetrate rain water level measuring cylinder thermostat is installed, prevent water from freezing.
Device for realizing earth's surface and the kinetic measurement of soil Long Term Runoff forest ecology hydrology water yield automatization of the invention,
Including controller, solar panel, fluid level transmitter, water-level probe I, water-level probe II, electromagnetic valve, penetrate rain level measuring
Cylinder, trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder and ABS water tank joints, trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder and the lower end for penetrating rain water level measuring cylinder
Mouth is shut using plug, installs ABS water tank joints in plug upper drill hole, and ABS water tank joints lower end connects normally closed solenoid valve, its
Upper end connects fluid level transmitter, installs water respectively up and down in trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder and the barrel for penetrating rain water level measuring cylinder
Position probe I and water-level probe II, open field sets up solar panel in the forest, and solar panel, liquid level are become
Device, water-level probe I, water-level probe II, electromagnetic valve is sent to be connected to controller.
The trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder, by a diameter of 300mm, length for 300mm pvc pipe, a diameter of 200mm,
Pvc pipe of the length for 200mm, a diameter of 110mm, length are the pvc pipe of 200mm, are sealedly connected on using reducer union successively
Constitute together.
The rain water level measuring cylinder that penetrates adopts a diameter of 110mm, length to be made up of the pvc pipe of 500mm.
The controller include the SD card module of record data, Arduino Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system, 12V20Ah accumulator,
OLED LCDs and SD2405 RTC clock chips, the SD card module of record data, 12V20Ah accumulator, OLED liquid
Crystal display screen and SD2405 RTC clocks chip are connected with Arduino Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system respectively.
In controller, SD card module can be replaced the TF card modules of SPI communications；Arduino Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system can be replaced
Other Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system (such as STM)；12V20Ah accumulator can be replaced more large-capacity battery, but voltage is necessary for 12V；Control
Device processed can install wireless communication function (SIM note, wireless radio transmission, wifi transmission, Bluetooth transmission etc.) additional, realize that data are automatic
Passback；The controller part of solar panel can increase civil power auxiliary power supply function；It is simultaneous that fluid level transmitter can select other
The voltage output type transmitter of appearance.
In addition, in the Spring Freeze-thawing phase, for preventing from freezing, thermostat can be installed for water level measuring cylinder, prevent water from freezing.
The effect that reached of the present invention is：
1. the Eco-hydrological water yield automatic measurement method and device of the present invention adopts electronic circuit technology, automaticity
Height, has not only saved human resourcess and experimental cost, it is thus also avoided that manually operates the error for causing and ensures field extreme environment
Being normally carried out for lower experiment, ensure that the accuracy of data from source, improve the operability of experiment.
2. the Eco-hydrological water yield automatic measurement method and device of the present invention can replace manually being tested in the wild
The dynamic monitoring of process, improves experimental data resolution.
3. the Eco-hydrological water yield automatic measurement method and device of the present invention can be adjusted flexibly according to actual experiment demand
The size of water level measuring cylinder, the restriction for not having range.
4. the Eco-hydrological water yield automatic measurement mechanism fault rate of the present invention is low, can keep in repair replacement in units of module.
5. the Eco-hydrological water yield automatic measurement mechanism modularization assembling of the present invention, is easy to test auxiliary facility addition.
6. the Eco-hydrological water yield automatic measurement mechanism simple structure of the present invention, it is easy to produce in batches, it is with low cost, fit
In a large amount of layings, low follow-up maintenance cost, industry market have a extensive future.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the measurement apparatus overall construction drawing of embodiments in accordance with the present invention two, four, six；
Fig. 2 is that embodiments in accordance with the present invention one penetrate rain dynamic measurement device structure chart；
Fig. 3 is embodiments in accordance with the present invention three-tree trunk diameter flowable state measurement apparatus structure chart；
Fig. 4 is five earth's surface of embodiments in accordance with the present invention and soil dynamics of runoff measurement apparatus structure chart.
Specific embodiment
The one exemplary embodiment of the present invention is described hereinafter in connection with accompanying drawing.For clarity and conciseness,
All features of actual embodiment are not described in the description.It should be understood, however, that developing any this actual enforcement
Many decisions specific to embodiment, to realize the objectives of developer, for example, symbol must be made during example
Those restrictive conditions related to system and business are closed, and these restrictive conditions may have with the different of embodiment
Changed.Additionally, it also should be appreciated that, although development is likely to be extremely complex and time-consuming, but to having benefited from the present invention
For those skilled in the art of disclosure, this development is only routine task.
Here, in addition it is also necessary to which explanation is a bit, in order to avoid having obscured the present invention because of unnecessary details, in the accompanying drawings
The apparatus structure closely related with scheme of the invention and/or process step is illustrate only, and is eliminated and the present invention
The little other details of relation.
As shown in Fig. 2 embodiments of the invention one penetrate the long-term forest ecology hydrology water yield automatization of rain there is provided one kind
Dynamic measurement method, concretely comprises the following steps：
Step one：In the Northeast, typical Natural Secondary Forests shaw selects measurement point as needed, sets up by standard
The sample ground of 10m × 10m, each three experimental point of sample ground random selection, arranges the support 9 that reinforcing bar is welded in experimental point, for surveying
Amount device sets up；
Step 2：The rectangular pyramid funnel of a length of 800mm in base being welded PP plastic plates in experimental point stands upside down and is placed into steel
On the support 9 that muscle is welded so that the base of rectangular pyramid is apart from ground 1000mm, and adjusts four pyramid bottom surface levels, rectangular pyramid
Funnel is used as penetrating rain drip pan 10；
Step 3：The pvc pipe that a diameter of 110mm, length are 500mm is intercepted, and pvc pipe lower end is shut with plug,
Plug upper drill hole installs ABS water tanks joint 8, and pvc pipe connects normally closed electricity as rain water level measuring cylinder 7, ABS water tanks joint 8 is penetrated
Magnet valve 6 and fluid level transmitter 3, install water-level probe I4 and water-level probe II5 rain water level measuring cylinder is penetrated, will penetrate about 7
Rain water level measuring cylinder 7 is placed into and penetrates immediately below rain drip pan 10, and it is vertically solid to penetrate rain water level measuring cylinder 7 with steel pipe 11
It is fixed；
Step 4：Open field sets up solar panel 2 in the forest, and by solar panel 2, fluid level transmitter
3rd, water-level probe I4, water-level probe II5, electromagnetic valve 6 are connected to controller 1；
Step 5：After measurement apparatus installation, according to experiment demand, the clock chip record time of setting controller 1
Interval of delta t (s)；During experiment, penetrate rain and collected by penetrating rain drip pan 10, enter and penetrate rain water level measuring cylinder 7；Controller
1 penetrates water-head Δ h (mm) in rain water level measuring cylinder 7 in the time interval record for setting, and when water level reaches setting
Peak level, measurement apparatus are opened electromagnetic valve 6 and start draining, are reduced to setting most when the water in rain water level measuring cylinder 7 is penetrated
During low water level, measurement apparatus close electromagnetic valve 6, penetrate rain water level measuring cylinder 7 and continue water-retention, and the peak level is contacted for the water surface
To water-level probe I4, the lowest water level touches water-level probe II5 for the water surface；After experiment terminates, by experiment number in controller 1
According to derivation, then calculated according to formula and penetrate rain water flow Q1 (L/h) in Eco-hydrological Processes, computing formula is：
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, embodiments of the invention two provide a kind of for realizing penetrating the long-term forest ecology water of rain
The device of Wenshui amount automatization kinetic measurement, including controller 1, solar panel 2, fluid level transmitter 3, water-level probe I4,
Water-level probe II5, electromagnetic valve 6, rain water level measuring cylinder 7 and ABS water tanks joint 8 is penetrated, penetrate the lower port of rain water level measuring cylinder 7
Shut with plug, ABS water tanks joint 8 is installed in plug upper drill hole, 8 lower end of ABS water tanks joint connects normally closed solenoid valve 6, thereon
End connection fluid level transmitter 3, installs water-level probe I4 and water-level probe II5 up and down in the barrel for penetrating rain water level measuring cylinder 7,
In forest, open field sets up solar panel 2, and by solar panel 2, fluid level transmitter 3, water-level probe I4, water level
Probe II5, electromagnetic valve 6 are connected to controller 1.The rain water level measuring cylinder 7 that penetrates adopts a diameter of 110mm, length for 500mm
Pvc pipe make.The controller 1 includes the SD card module of record data, Arduino Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system, 12V20Ah electric power storages
Pond, OLED LCDs and SD2405 RTC clock chips, the SD card module of record data, 12V20Ah accumulator, OLED
LCDs and SD2405 RTC clocks chip are connected with Arduino Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system respectively.In controller, SD card module can
Replace with the TF card modules of SPI communications；Arduino Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system can be replaced other Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system (such as STM)；
12V20Ah accumulator can be replaced more large-capacity battery, but voltage is necessary for 12V；. controller can install wireless communication function additional
(SIM note, wireless radio transmission, wifi transmission, Bluetooth transmission etc.), realizes that data are returned automatically；The control of solar panel
Device part processed can increase civil power auxiliary power supply function；Fluid level transmitter can select other compatible voltage output type transmitters.
In addition, in the Spring Freeze-thawing phase, for preventing from freezing, thermostat can be installed for water level measuring cylinder, prevent water from freezing.
As shown in figure 3, embodiments of the invention three are automatic there is provided a kind of long-term forest ecology hydrology water yield of trunk runoff
Change dynamic measurement method, concretely comprise the following steps：
Step one：In the Northeast, typical Natural Secondary Forests shaw selects measurement point as needed, sets up by standard
The sample ground of 10m × 10m, each three experimental point of sample ground random selection, in sample ground all trees trunk footpaths of the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground more than 20mm
Stream collector pipe 12 collects；
Step 2：The pvc pipe that a diameter of 300mm, length are 300mm, a diameter of 200mm, length is intercepted respectively in experimental point
The pvc pipe for 200mm, the pvc pipe of a diameter of 110mm, length for 200mm is spent, and three pvc pipes for intercepting are adopted into change successively
Drive connector is sealed connected together composition trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder 15, and the small-bore end of trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder 15 is used
Plug is shut, and installs ABS water tanks joint 8, the connection normally closed solenoid valve 6 of ABS water tanks joint 8 and fluid level transmitter in plug upper drill hole
3, water-level probe I4 and water-level probe II5 is installed about 15 in trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder, by trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder
15 are placed into immediately below collector pipe 12, and all trees trunk runoff collector pipes 12 flow into trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder after collecting
In 15, keep trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder 15 vertically fixed；
Step 3：Open field sets up solar panel 2 in the forest, and by solar panel 2, fluid level transmitter
3rd, water-level probe I4, water-level probe II5, electromagnetic valve 6 are connected to controller 1；
Step 4：After measurement apparatus installation, according to experiment demand, the clock chip record time of setting controller 1
Interval of delta t (s)；During experiment, trunk runoff is collected by collector pipe 12, into trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder 15；Controller 1
Water-head Δ h (mm) in the time interval record trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder 15 of setting, and when water level reaches setting
Peak level, measurement apparatus open electromagnetic valve 6 start draining, when the water in trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder 15 is reduced to setting
Lowest water level when, measurement apparatus close electromagnetic valve 6, and trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder 15 continues water-retention, and the peak level is
The water surface touches water-level probe I4, and the lowest water level touches water-level probe II5 for the water surface；After experiment terminates, by controller 1
Interior experimental data is derived, and then calculates trunk runoff flow Q2 (L/h) in Eco-hydrological Processes, computing formula according to formula
For：
Wherein Q2 (L/h) is trunk runoff flow, and Δ t (s) is data record time interval；Δ h (mm) is the record time
Water-head in interval；H1 (mm) and h2 (mm) is respectively former and later two end points of time interval；F (h) be water level measuring cylinder in
The piecewise function of SEA LEVEL VARIATION area of section；Setting pvc pipe diameter 110mm to 200mm and 200mm to 300mm reducing processes
Corresponding height is respectively d1 and d2, then：
Thus Stem-flow Q2 can be calculated to obtain.
As shown in figures 1 and 3, embodiments of the invention four provide a kind of for realizing the long-term forest ecology of trunk runoff
The device of hydrology water yield automatization kinetic measurement, including controller 1, solar panel 2, fluid level transmitter 3, water-level probe
I4, water-level probe II5, electromagnetic valve 6, trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder 15 and ABS water tanks joint 8, trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder
15 lower port is shut with plug, installs ABS water tanks joint 8 in plug upper drill hole, and 8 lower end of ABS water tanks joint connects normally closed electricity
Magnet valve 6, its upper end connection liquid position transmitter 3, the barrel of trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder 15 install up and down water-level probe I4 and
Water-level probe II5, open field sets up solar panel 2 in the forest, and by solar panel 2, fluid level transmitter 3,
Water-level probe I4, water-level probe II5, electromagnetic valve 6 are connected to controller 1.The trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder 15, by a diameter of
The pvc pipe of 300mm, length for 300mm, the pvc pipe of a diameter of 200mm, length for 200mm, a diameter of 110mm, length are
The pvc pipe of 200mm, is sealed connected together composition using reducer union successively.The controller 1 includes the SD of record data
Card module, Arduino Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system, 12V20Ah accumulator, OLED LCDs and SD2405 RTC clock chips, note
The record SD card module of data, 12V20Ah accumulator, OLED LCDs and SD2405 RTC clocks chip respectively with
Arduino Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system connects.In controller, SD card module can be replaced the TF card modules of SPI communications；Arduino monolithics
Machine system can be replaced other Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system (such as STM)；12V20Ah accumulator can be replaced more large-capacity battery, but electricity
Pressure is necessary for 12V；. controller can install wireless communication function (SIM note, wireless radio transmission, wifi transmission, Bluetooth transmission additional
Deng), realize that data are returned automatically；The controller part of solar panel can increase civil power auxiliary power supply function；Liquid level becomes
Device is sent to can select other compatible voltage output type transmitters.In addition, in the Spring Freeze-thawing phase, for preventing from freezing, can be water level
Measuring cylinder installs thermostat, prevents water from freezing.
As shown in figure 4, embodiments of the invention five provide a kind of earth's surface and soil Long Term Runoff forest ecology Hydrology
Amount automatization dynamic measurement method, concretely comprises the following steps：
Step one：An experimental point is randomly choosed in the typical Natural Secondary Forests shaw in the Northeast, arrange 25m ×
The runoff water yield balanced field of 25m；Water balance field from top to bottom arranges five water-yielding stratums, and ground floor is rainwash 13, remaining
Four layers is interflow 14, is spaced 300mm between each layer；One water collector 16 of per layer of installation, 50mm in the embedded soil in water collector one end；
Step 2：The pvc pipe that a diameter of 300mm, length are 300mm, a diameter of 200mm, length is intercepted respectively in experimental point
The pvc pipe for 200mm, the pvc pipe of a diameter of 110mm, length for 200mm is spent, and three pvc pipes for intercepting are adopted into change successively
Drive connector is sealed connected together composition trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder 15, so makes three trunk runoff water level measuring cylinders
15, the small-bore end of each trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder 15 is shut with plug, installs ABS water tanks joint 8 in plug upper drill hole,
ABS water tanks joint 8 connects normally closed solenoid valve 6 and fluid level transmitter 3, installs water level spy in trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder about 15
Three trunk runoff water level measuring cylinders 15 are placed into the underface of upper three layers of water collector by head I4 and water-level probe II5, upper three layers
The water that water collector collects is flowed in trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder 15, keeps trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder 15 vertically fixed；
Step 3：The pvc pipe that a diameter of 110mm, length are 500mm is intercepted, and pvc pipe lower end is shut with plug,
Plug upper drill hole installs ABS water tanks joint 8, and pvc pipe so makes two and penetrates rainwater position as rain water level measuring cylinder 7 is penetrated
Measuring cylinder 7, the connection normally closed solenoid valve 6 of ABS water tanks joint 8 and fluid level transmitter 3, install about 7 rain water level measuring cylinder is penetrated
Water-level probe I4 and water-level probe II5, will penetrate rain water level measuring cylinder 7 and be placed into the underface of two-layer water collector, lower two-layer
The water that water collector collects is flowed into and is penetrated in rain water level measuring cylinder 7, and it is vertically fixed that holding penetrates rain water level measuring cylinder 7；
Step 4：Open field sets up solar panel 2 in the forest, and by solar panel 2, fluid level transmitter
3rd, water-level probe I4, water-level probe II5, electromagnetic valve 6 are connected to controller 1；
Step 5：After measurement apparatus installation, according to experiment demand, the clock chip record time of setting controller 1
Interval of delta t (s)；During experiment, earth's surface and soil runoff are collected by water collector 16, into 15 He of trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder
Penetrate rain water level measuring cylinder 7；Controller 1 records trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder 15 in the time interval of setting and penetrates rainwater position
Respective water-head Δ h (mm) in measuring cylinder 7, and when water level reaches the peak level of setting, measurement apparatus open electromagnetism
Valve 6 starts draining, when trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder 15 and the water penetrated in rain water level measuring cylinder 7 are reduced to the minimum water of setting
During position, measurement apparatus close electromagnetic valve 6, and trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder 15 continues water-retention with rain water level measuring cylinder 7 is penetrated, described
Peak level touches water-level probe I4 for the water surface, and the lowest water level touches water-level probe II5 for the water surface；Experiment terminates
Afterwards, experimental data in controller 1 is derived, the trunk runoff flow Q2 (L/ in Eco-hydrological Processes is calculated according to formula then
H), computing formula is：
Wherein Q2 (L/h) is trunk runoff flow, and Δ t (s) is data record time interval；Δ h (mm) is the record time
Water-head in interval；H1 (mm) and h2 (mm) is respectively former and later two end points of time interval；F (h) be water level measuring cylinder in
The piecewise function of SEA LEVEL VARIATION area of section；Setting pvc pipe diameter 110mm to 200mm and 200mm to 300mm reducing processes
Corresponding height is respectively d1 and d2, then：
Thus Stem-flow Q2 can be calculated to obtain；
According to formula calculate Eco-hydrological Processes in penetrate rain water flow Q1 (L/h), computing formula is：
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 4, embodiments of the invention six provide a kind of for realizing that earth's surface and soil Long Term Runoff are gloomy
The device of woods Eco-hydrological water yield automatization kinetic measurement, including controller 1, solar panel 2, fluid level transmitter 3, water level
Probe I4, water-level probe II5, electromagnetic valve 6, penetrate rain water level measuring cylinder 7, trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder 15 and ABS water tanks and connect
8, trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder 15 and penetrate the lower port of rain water level measuring cylinder 7 and shut using plug, bore on plug
ABS water tanks joint 8 is installed in hole, and 8 lower end of ABS water tanks joint connection normally closed solenoid valve 6, its upper end connection liquid position transmitter 3 are being set
Trunk diameter stream water level measuring cylinder 15 installs water-level probe I4 and water-level probe respectively up and down with the barrel for penetrating rain water level measuring cylinder 7
II5, open field sets up solar panel 2 in the forest, and by solar panel 2, fluid level transmitter 3, water-level probe
I4, water-level probe II5, electromagnetic valve 6 are connected to controller 1.The trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder 15, by a diameter of 300mm, length
Spend the pvc pipe for 300mm, the pvc pipe of a diameter of 200mm, length for 200mm, the PVC of a diameter of 110mm, length for 200mm
Pipe, is sealed connected together composition using reducer union successively.The rain water level measuring cylinder 7 that penetrates is using a diameter of 110mm, length
Spend and be made up of the pvc pipe of 500mm.The controller 1 include the SD card module of record data, Arduino Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system,
12V20Ah accumulator, OLED LCDs and SD2405 RTC clock chips, the SD card module of record data, 12V20Ah
Accumulator, OLED LCDs and SD2405 RTC clocks chip are connected with Arduino Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system respectively.Controller
In, SD card module can be replaced the TF card modules of SPI communications；Arduino Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system can be replaced other Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system
(such as STM)；12V20Ah accumulator can be replaced more large-capacity battery, but voltage is necessary for 12V；. controller can be installed additional wirelessly
Communication function (SIM note, wireless radio transmission, wifi transmission, Bluetooth transmission etc.), realizes that data are returned automatically；Solar-electricity
The controller part of pond plate can increase civil power auxiliary power supply function；Fluid level transmitter can select other compatible voltage output types
Transmitter.In addition, in the Spring Freeze-thawing phase, for preventing from freezing, thermostat can be installed for water level measuring cylinder, prevent water from freezing.
Trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder 15 is respectively the level measuring shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 with rain water level measuring cylinder 7 is penetrated
Cylinder.
It is by above description, above-mentioned high according to certainty of measurement of the present invention, can avoid surveying in severe experimental situation
Amount loss of data.
Although disclosed embodiment is as above, its content is only to facilitate understand the technical side of the present invention
Case and the embodiment that adopts, are not intended to limit the present invention.Technical staff in any the technical field of the invention, not
On the premise of departing from disclosed core technology scheme, any modification can be made in the form and details implemented and is become
Change, but the protection domain limited by the present invention, still must be defined by the scope of appending claims restriction.
Claims (4)
1. the long-term forest ecology hydrology water yield automatization dynamic measurement method of rain is penetrated, it is characterised in that：Concretely comprise the following steps：
Step one：Measurement point being selected, sample ground being set up by standard, each three experimental point of sample ground random selection is arranged in experimental point
Support (9), sets up for measurement apparatus；
Step 2：Rectangular pyramid funnel is made in experimental point and handstand is placed on support (9) so that the base and ground of rectangular pyramid
There is certain distance, and adjust four pyramid bottom surface levels, rectangular pyramid funnel is used as penetrating rain drip pan (10)；
Step 3：Pvc pipe is intercepted, and pvc pipe lower end is shut with plug, ABS water tank joints (8) is installed in plug upper drill hole,
Pvc pipe connects normally closed solenoid valve (6) and fluid level transmitter (3) as rain water level measuring cylinder (7), ABS water tank joints (8) is penetrated,
Water-level probe I (4) and water-level probe II (5) is installed up and down rain water level measuring cylinder (7) is penetrated, rain water level measuring cylinder will be penetrated
(7) be placed into and penetrate immediately below rain drip pan (10), and it is vertically fixed rain water level measuring cylinder (7) will to be penetrated with steel pipe (11)；
Step 4：Open field sets up solar panel (2) in the forest, and by solar panel (2), fluid level transmitter
(3), water-level probe I (4), water-level probe II (5), electromagnetic valve (6) are connected to controller (1)；
Step 5：After measurement apparatus installation, according to experiment demand, between the clock chip record time of setting controller (1)
Every Δ t (s)；During experiment, penetrate rain and collected by penetrating rain drip pan (10), enter and penetrate rain water level measuring cylinder (7)；Control
Device (1) records water-head Δ h (mm) penetrated in rain water level measuring cylinder (7) in the time interval of setting, and when water level reaches
The peak level of setting, measurement apparatus are opened electromagnetic valve (6) and start draining, reduce when the water in rain water level measuring cylinder (7) is penetrated
During to the lowest water level for setting, measurement apparatus close electromagnetic valve (6), penetrate rain water level measuring cylinder (7) and continue water-retention, the highest
Water level touches water-level probe I (4) for the water surface, and the lowest water level touches water-level probe II (5) for the water surface；Experiment terminates
Afterwards, by controller (1) interior experimental data derive, then according to formula calculate Eco-hydrological Processes in penetrate rain water flow Q1
(L/h), computing formula is：D is the diameter for penetrating rain water level measuring cylinder (7).
2. it is according to claim 1 to penetrate the long-term forest ecology hydrology water yield automatization dynamic measurement method of rain, its feature
It is：The sample ground of 10m × 10m is set up in the step one by standard；Bottom side length PP plastic plates being welded in the step 2
Rectangular pyramid funnel handstand for 800mm is placed on the support (9) that reinforcing bar is welded so that the base of rectangular pyramid is apart from ground
1000mm；Pvc pipe that a diameter of 110mm, length are 500mm is intercepted in the step 3 as penetrating rain water level measuring cylinder (7).
3. the long-term forest ecology hydrology water yield automatization dynamic measurement method of trunk runoff, it is characterised in that：Concretely comprise the following steps：
Step one：Measurement point is selected, the sample ground set up by standard, each three experimental point of sample ground random selection, trees in sample ground
Trunk runoff collector pipe (12) collects；
Step 2：The pvc pipe that a diameter of 300mm, length are 300mm is intercepted respectively in experimental point, and a diameter of 200mm, length are
The pvc pipe of 200mm, the pvc pipe of a diameter of 110mm, length for 200mm, and three pvc pipes for intercepting are connect using reducing successively
Head is sealed connected together composition trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder (15), and the small-bore end of trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder (15) is used
Plug is shut, and installs ABS water tank joints (8), ABS water tank joints (8) connections normally closed solenoid valve (6) and liquid level in plug upper drill hole
Transmitter (3), installs water-level probe I (4) and water-level probe II (5) in trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder (15), up and down by trunk
Runoff water level measuring cylinder (15) is placed into immediately below collector pipe (12), and all trees trunk runoff collector pipe (12) are flowed after collecting
Enter in trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder (15), keep trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder (15) vertically fixed；
Step 3：Open field sets up solar panel (2) in the forest, and by solar panel (2), fluid level transmitter
(3), water-level probe I (4), water-level probe II (5), electromagnetic valve (6) are connected to controller (1)；
Step 4：After measurement apparatus installation, according to experiment demand, between the clock chip record time of setting controller (1)
Every Δ t (s)；During experiment, trunk runoff is collected by collector pipe (12), into trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder (15)；Control
Water-head Δ h (mm) of the device (1) in time interval record trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder (15) of setting, and when water level reaches
To the peak level of setting, measurement apparatus opening electromagnetic valve (6) beginning draining, the water in trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder (15)
When being reduced to the lowest water level of setting, measurement apparatus close electromagnetic valve (6), and trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder (15) continues water-retention,
The peak level touches water-level probe I (4) for the water surface, and the lowest water level touches water-level probe II (5) for the water surface；It is real
After testing end, controller (1) interior experimental data is derived, the trunk runoff stream in Eco-hydrological Processes is calculated according to formula then
Q2 (L/h) is measured, computing formula is：Wherein Q2 (L/h) is trunk footpath
Stream flow, Δ t (s) are data record time interval；Δ h (mm) is water-head in record time interval；H1 (mm) and h2 (mm)
Respectively former and later two end points of time interval；F (h) is with the segmentation letter of SEA LEVEL VARIATION area of section in water level measuring cylinder
Number；The corresponding height of setting pvc pipe diameter 110mm to 200mm and 200mm to 300mm reducing processes is respectively d1 and d2, then：
Thus Stem-flow Q2 can be calculated to obtain.
4. earth's surface and soil Long Term Runoff forest ecology hydrology water yield automatization dynamic measurement method, it is characterised in that：It is concrete to walk
Suddenly it is：
Step one：Choice experiment point, arranges the runoff water yield balanced field of 25m × 25m；Water balance field from top to bottom arranges five
Water-yielding stratum, ground floor are rainwash (13), and remaining four layers is interflow (14), is spaced 300mm between each layer；Per layer is installed one
Individual water collector (16), 50mm in the embedded soil in water collector one end；
Step 2：The pvc pipe that a diameter of 300mm, length are 300mm is intercepted respectively in experimental point, and a diameter of 200mm, length are
The pvc pipe of 200mm, the pvc pipe of a diameter of 110mm, length for 200mm, and three pvc pipes for intercepting are connect using reducing successively
Head is sealed connected together composition trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder (15), so makes three trunk runoff water level measuring cylinders
(15), the small-bore end of each trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder (15) is shut with plug, installs ABS water tanks in plug upper drill hole and connects
Head (8), ABS water tank joints (8) connections normally closed solenoid valve (6) and fluid level transmitter (3), in trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder (15)
Water-level probe I (4) and water-level probe II (5) is installed up and down, three trunk runoff water level measuring cylinders (15) are placed into into upper three layers
The underface of water collector, the water that upper three layers of water collector collects are flowed in trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder (15), keep trunk runoff
Water level measuring cylinder (15) is vertically fixed；
Step 3：The pvc pipe that a diameter of 110mm, length are 500mm is intercepted, and pvc pipe lower end is shut with plug, in plug
Upper drill hole installs ABS water tank joints (8), and pvc pipe so makes two and penetrates rainwater position as rain water level measuring cylinder (7) is penetrated
Measuring cylinder (7), ABS water tank joints (8) connections normally closed solenoid valve (6) and fluid level transmitter (3), are penetrating rain water level measuring cylinder
(7) water-level probe I (4) and water-level probe II (5) is installed up and down, rain water level measuring cylinder (7) will be penetrated and be placed into two-layer to catchment
The underface of device, the water that the two-layer water collector that rains collects flow into and penetrate in water level measuring cylinder (7), and holding penetrates rain water level measuring cylinder
(7) it is vertically fixed；
Step 4：Open field sets up solar panel (2) in the forest, and by solar panel (2), fluid level transmitter
(3), water-level probe I (4), water-level probe II (5), electromagnetic valve (6) are connected to controller (1)；
Step 5：After measurement apparatus installation, according to experiment demand, between the clock chip record time of setting controller (1)
Every Δ t (s)；During experiment, earth's surface and soil runoff are collected by water collector (16), into trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder (15)
With penetrate rain water level measuring cylinder (7)；Controller (1) records trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder (15) in the time interval of setting and wears
Respective water-head Δ h (mm) in saturating rain water level measuring cylinder (7), and when water level reaches the peak level of setting, measurement dress
Put opening electromagnetic valve (6) and start draining, when trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder (15) and penetrate water in rain water level measuring cylinder (7) and drop
During low lowest water level to setting, measurement apparatus close electromagnetic valve (6), trunk runoff water level measuring cylinder (15) and penetrate rainwater position
Measuring cylinder (7) continues water-retention, and the peak level touches water-level probe I (4) for the water surface, and the lowest water level is contacted for the water surface
To water-level probe II (5)；After experiment terminates, controller (1) interior experimental data is derived, Eco-hydrological is calculated according to formula then
During trunk runoff flow Q2 (L/h), computing formula is：
Wherein Q2 (L/h) is trunk runoff flow, and Δ t (s) is data record time interval；Δ h (mm) is record time interval
Interior water-head；H1 (mm) and h2 (mm) is respectively former and later two end points of time interval；F (h) is with water in water level measuring cylinder
The piecewise function of position varied cross section area；Pvc pipe diameter 110mm to 200mm is corresponding with 200mm to 300mm reducing processes for setting
Height be respectively d1 and d2, then：
Thus Stem-flow Q2 can be calculated to obtain；
According to formula calculate Eco-hydrological Processes in penetrate rain water flow Q1 (L/h), computing formula is：
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| CN105572024B (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2018-07-17 | 贵州师范大学 | Carbonate rock erosion rate experimental provision under the soil environment of karst |
| CN106771059B (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2019-01-22 | 北京师范大学 | A kind of intellectual monitoring for ecological zone and preventing control method and system |
| CN108105924A (en) * | 2018-01-17 | 2018-06-01 | 天津商业大学 | A kind of accurate humidification system in small space |
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