CN106171116A - Ecological agriculture reconstruction method for coal mining subsidence ponding area - Google Patents
Ecological agriculture reconstruction method for coal mining subsidence ponding area Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
An ecological agriculture reconstruction method for a coal mining subsidence ponding area is suitable for ecological system restoration and agricultural breeding structure reconstruction of a mineral mining subsidence ponding area. Dividing a coal mining subsidence ponding area into a flat land area, a slope area and a subsidence ponding area water-containing area; detecting accumulated water, directly modifying when the accumulated water meets the agricultural water quality standard, and planning when the detection result does not meet the agricultural water quality standard so as to ensure that the water quality is qualified; constructing a water level balance system of a water storage area, filling and reclaiming the water level balance system in a flat land area range, reforming a wetland, improving soil to form cultivated land, and constructing a movable greenhouse; dividing the slope area into three parts of planted trees, shrubs and pastures; aquatic vegetables are planted in the shallow water area, and aquatic organisms are raised in the deep water area. Through ecological agriculture reconstruction of the coal mining subsidence ponding area, the water and soil utilization rate of the subsidence area is improved, a complete subsidence area ecological system is constructed, and the ecological environment restoration and management method is suitable for various coal mining subsidence ponding areas in the east of China.
Description
Technical field
The invention mainly relates to a kind of coal-mining subsidence pools zone ecological agriculture reconstructing method, it is adaptable to east coal-mining subsidence amasss
Pool comprehensively treating ecological environment.
Background technology
Coal-mining subsidence pools zone is a kind of typical geological disaster that high underground water mining area, east mining subsidence causes.East
Mining area generally has the features such as reserves are big, multiple seam, high ground-water level, earth's surface superposition sedimentation, and exploitation causes a large amount of soil, earth's surface to provide
Source lose, original plough destroy, earth's surface formed large area Collapse Pit, simultaneously by underground latent water extravasation, Atmospheric precipitation comprehensive
Impact, long-term hydrops in Collapse Pit, to go through and repeat exploitation decades, large stretch of Subsidence Area forms the surface subsidence pool, and earth's surface is former
Having arable land, road, village etc. to be submerged, there is irreversible destruction in the original ecosystem in subsidence area.On the one hand, for ensureing its people
Economic construction, while a large amount of coal resources are plucked out of, coal-mining subsidence causes a large amount of arable land, village to lose, and with mining area, the two Hua Areas is
Example, by the end of the year 2015, established subsidence area area reaches 508km2, and with 20km2The speed in/year is increasing, simultaneously by height
Phreatic table and the combined influence of ground precipitation, subsidence area forms a large amount of waters, and original terriecosystems generation subversiveness changes,
Being changed into aquatic ecosystem and aquatic-terrestrial complex ecosystem, the ecosystem service function that dynamic depression is formed is low, causes
The deterioration of the ecological environment, a large amount of Subsidence Area leave the land uncultivated, and social problem highlights, and has had a strong impact on Subsidence Area sustainable development；Another
Aspect, gangue, the solid waste such as flyash that coal mining produces contain harmful huge sum of moneys such as a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, copper, zinc, cadmium
Belong to element, by approach diffusion mobilities such as rainwash, soil permeability, air airborne dusts, enter Subsidence Area, cause environment secondary dirty
Dye, causes loss of soil nutrient, and body eutrophication is serious.
Conventional Subsidence Area land reclamation and ecological environment treatment typically use following two mode: one is by using
Traditional land reclamation pattern of " table soil routs up-deep filling-top layer earthing ", its shortcoming is: relatively costly, complex process,
Cycle of reclaiming is longer, and Subsided Reclamation Region topsoil hardens, barren and heavy metal pollution is serious；One be carry out in pools zone aquatic
Cultivation, artificial swamp build isotype, and its shortcoming is that biological structure is single, it is difficult to form rational biological chain, pools zone
Excessively cultivation causes body eutrophication serious, and aquaculture cost is higher, it is difficult to form the most reasonably ecosystem.Above two
The mode of kind does not all consider the utilization on margin slope ground, Subsidence Area, causes a large amount of slope land to let a piece of farmland go to waste.
For prior art can not solve Subsidence Area entirely, slope land, the skill of pools zone comprehensive ecological environmental improvement
Art problem, the most not yet proposes effective solution.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide that a kind of technique is simple, with low cost, efficiently to carry out coal-mining subsidence pools zone raw comprehensively
The method of state comprehensive environmental improvement, builds the coal-mining subsidence pools zone ecological agriculture, for Subsidence Area comprehensive control, developing agricultural economy
Build and a kind of effective model is provided.
For achieving the above object, coal-mining subsidence pools zone of the present invention ecological agriculture reconstructing method, comprise the steps:
A. the coal-mining subsidence pools zone building the ecological agriculture will be needed to carry out region division, according to the reality of depression pools zone
Depression pools zone is divided into entirely region, sloped region and water reserve by situation, and wherein physical features flat site is smooth area
Territory, sloped region is entirely hillside fields between region and the depression pools zone water surface, and water reserve is depression pools zone water zone,
Including shallow water area and deepwater regions, wherein the region within depth of water 0.5m is shallow water area, and the depth of water region more than 0.5m is
Deepwater regions；
B. the hydrops of coal-mining subsidence pools zone is carried out sample detecting, when hydrops sample detecting result meets agricultural water quality mark
Depression pools zone soil under water is directly transformed by criterion, when testing result does not meets agricultural water standard the most again to depression
Pools zone carries out planning makes Subsidence Area water quality qualified；
C. water level balance system is built in water reserve, to ensure the water surface site of water reserve；
D. in Subsidence Area entirely regional extent, soil is carried out Reclamation by filling, and transform wetland, carry out soil improvement
Become arable land, build removable booth in region, arable land, so that all carrying out Vegetable cultivations throughout the year of ploughing；
E. adjust and on the height of water level of water reserve, and the sloped region at the water level of water reserve, build side slope shore protection, side slope
Shore protection is at the bottom of sloped region slope；
F. by the sloped region between side slope shore protection to entirely region according to being highly bisected into three parts, 1/3 model is pushed up on slope
Enclose interior along topographic contour with staggered isosceles triangle pattern plantation arbor, plant line-spacing is 3m × 3m, 1/3 scope in slope
In, along topographic contour with staggered isosceles triangle pattern plantation shrub, plant line-spacing is 2m × 2m, at the bottom of slope near the water surface
In the range of 1/3, along topographic contour to sow the pattern planting forage grass of plantation；
G. the shallow water area plantation aquatic vegetable in water reserve, raises aquatile in deepwater regions.
In the range of described entirely regional extent is Subsidence Area distance sloped region distance 100m.
Described depression pools zone is planned to: remove mud and detritus soil layer after being taken away by depression pools zone hydrops, and compacting is long-pending
Soil bottom pool, carries out geomembrane anti-seepage process bottom pools zone on soil, the harmful substance making underground coal mining district will not
Penetrating into, the soil after geomembrane improvement arranged above, again at depression pools zone injected clear water so that water quality safety is reliable.
Described geomembrane anti-seepage processes step: removes mud and detritus soil layer, carries out substrate compacting after paving upper supporting layer,
Use impervious material to constitute composite anti-penetrating substrate, after the up-protective layer of antiseepage substrate upper berth, roll compacting；Wherein support that layer is for paving
Rubble, medium sand and fine sand are constituted, and protective layer is that loess, powder fine sand and sandy gravel layering spreading are constituted.
Described water level balance system includes float and level sensor, level sensor by single-chip microcomputer respectively with on water source
Electromagnetic valve and suction pump switch be connected, when level sensor detects float height less than preset value, then pass through monolithic
Machine is opened the electromagnetic valve on water source and is opened to water reserve moisturizing, when level sensor detects float height higher than preset value,
Then open suction pump switch by single-chip microcomputer to be taken away by unnecessary water.
Described entirely structure between region and sloped region pollutes antiseepage dike, prevents the sewage in entirely region from flowing into and stores
Pool.
The arbor of described plantation is Fructus Mali pumilae, pear tree, Semen Ginkgo；The shrub of plantation is ligustrum lucidum ait, flowering peach, Flos Pruni yedoensis, perfume (or spice)
Camphor tree, Flos Osmanthi Fragrantis, photinia glabra, Lagerstroemia indica L.；The herbage of plantation is alfalfa.
The aquatic vegetable kind of described shallow water area plantation is Rhizoma Nelumbinis, Caulis Zizaniae caduciflorae；Deepwater regions breed variety is Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, floss
Chela Eriocheir sinensis.
Described sloped region is respectively equipped with isolation rail with entirely region and water reserve intersection, puts between isolation rail
Support and have poultry.
Beneficial effect: the present invention relates to the ecological agriculture reconfiguration technique of a kind of coal-mining subsidence pools zone, according to Subsidence Area class
Type, be divided into entirely, slope land, phytal zone, four, profundal zone part, carry out facilities vegetable, Qiao-filling-grass respectively three-dimensional multiple
Formula plantation, aquatic vegetable, healthy Aquatic product, make full use of coal-mining subsidence pools zone, high underground water mining area:
(1) avoid the land reclamation of the sinking land in coalmining areas, broken traditional Reclamation Modes, improve Subsidence Area and administer effect
Rate；
(2) according to coal-mining subsidence pools zone feature, carry out the reconstruct of the omnibearing stereo formula ecological agriculture, form complete food
Chain and ecosystem structure；
(3) being applicable to mineral resources and repeat various steady heavy, the Fei Wenchen district ecological environment treatment of exploitation, removable booth can
According to the Ground Surface Dynamic depression time, adjust space layout further；
(4) sinking land in coalmining areas eco-environment restoration is administered and ecological agriculture reconstruct combines, Subsidence Area utilization rate is carried
High to 100%, it is achieved the sinking land in coalmining areas is without blank comprehensive control；
(5) by the comprehensive utilization to coal-mining subsidence pools zone, by entirely carrying out green vegetables plantation and slope land
Seedling growth, utilizes vegetation to intercept and absorbs Subsidence Area pollutant, improving soil quality further, build complete floating leaf and plant
Thing, emergent aquactic plant, aquatic animal waters food chain, can effectively reduce water body eutrophication degree, purifies Subsidence Area water body environment.
(6) the Dynamic control pattern of high ground-water level sinking land in coalmining areas Bian Caibianzhi is proposed, by entirely facilities vegetable,
Improve soil quality further, improve land utilization ratio；By the slope land compound plantation of solid nursery stock, collection soil improvement and herbage
It is produced as the restoration of the ecosystem pattern of one；By phytal zone aquatic vegetable and profundal zone health aquaculture, use lake inversion
Principle, builds based on submerged plant, floating leaf and emergent aquactic plant are auxiliary aquatic vegetation, introducing Yu Xiedeng consumer, prolongs
Long food chain, promotes ecosystem service function.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is coal-mining subsidence pools zone of the present invention ecological agriculture reconstruct schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the slope land isosceles triangle cropping pattern schematic diagram of the present invention.
In figure: 1-entirely region, 2-sloped region, 3-shallow water area, 4-deepwater regions, 5-may move booth, 6-Seedling
Wood, 7-aquatic vegetable, 8-aquatile, 9-arbor, 10-shrub, 11-herbage.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, patent of the present invention is further described:
As it is shown in figure 1, the coal-mining subsidence pools zone ecological agriculture reconstructing method of the present invention, comprise the steps:
A. to needing the coal-mining subsidence pools zone building the ecological agriculture to carry out region division, according to the reality of depression pools zone
Depression pools zone is divided into entirely region 1, sloped region 2 and water reserve by situation, and wherein physical features flat site is entirely
Region 1, sloped region 2 is entirely hillside fields between region 1 and the depression pools zone water surface, described entirely region 1 scope
For Subsidence Area distance sloped region 2 in the range of 100m, build between described entirely region 1 and sloped region 2 to pollute and prevent
Ooze dike, prevent the sewage in entirely region 1 from flowing into water reserve；Water reserve is depression pools zone water zone, including shallow water area 3
With deepwater regions 4, wherein the region within depth of water 0.5m is shallow water area 3, and the depth of water region more than 0.5m is deepwater regions 4；
B. the hydrops of coal-mining subsidence pools zone is carried out sample detecting, when hydrops sample detecting result meets agricultural water quality mark
Depression pools zone soil under water is directly transformed by criterion, when testing result does not meets agricultural water standard the most again to depression
Pools zone carries out planning makes Subsidence Area water quality qualified, and described adaptation step is: remove mud after being taken away by depression pools zone hydrops
With detritus soil layer, soil bottom compacting pools zone, bottom pools zone, on soil, carry out geomembrane anti-seepage process, make underground coal mining
The harmful substance in district does not penetrates into, the soil after geomembrane improvement arranged above, again depression pools zone injected clear water from
And make water quality safety reliable；Described geomembrane anti-seepage processes step: removes mud and detritus soil layer, carries out after paving upper supporting layer
Substrate is compacted, and uses impervious material to constitute composite anti-penetrating substrate, rolls compacting after the up-protective layer of antiseepage substrate upper berth；Wherein prop up
Holding layer to constitute for paving rubble, medium sand and fine sand, protective layer is that loess, powder fine sand and sandy gravel layering spreading are constituted；
C. water reserve is built water level balance system, to ensure the water surface site of water reserve；
D. in the range of Subsidence Area entirely region 1, soil is carried out Reclamation by filling, and transform wetland, carry out soil improvement
Become arable land, build removable booth 5 in region, arable land, so that all carrying out Vegetable cultivations throughout the year of ploughing；
E. adjust and on the height of water level of water reserve, and the sloped region at the water level of water reserve, build side slope shore protection, side slope
Shore protection is at the bottom of sloped region slope；
F. by the sloped region 2 between side slope shore protection to entirely region 1 according to being highly bisected into three parts, 1/3 is pushed up on slope
In the range of along topographic contour with staggered isosceles triangle pattern plantation arbor 9, the arbor 9 of described plantation is Fructus Mali pumilae, pear tree, silver
Fructus Pruni, plant line-spacing is 3m × 3m；In slope in the range of 1/3, along topographic contour with staggered isosceles triangle pattern plantation shrub
10, the shrub 10 of plantation is ligustrum lucidum ait, flowering peach, Flos Pruni yedoensis, Radix Cinnamomi porrecti, Flos Osmanthi Fragrantis, photinia glabra, Lagerstroemia indica L., and plant line-spacing is
2m×2m；At the bottom of slope in the range of the 1/3 of the water surface, along topographic contour to sow the pattern planting forage grass 11 of plantation, plantation
Herbage 11 be alfalfa；
G. the shallow water area 3 kinds in water reserve plants aquatic vegetable 7, raises aquatile 8 in deepwater regions 4；Described shallow water
The aquatic vegetable kind that 3 kinds of region is planted is Rhizoma Nelumbinis, Caulis Zizaniae caduciflorae；Profundal zone breed variety is Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, Eriocheir；Sloped region 2 with
Entirely region 1 and water reserve intersection are respectively equipped with isolation rail, have put poultry between isolation rail in a suitable place to breed, and the method has behaviour
Make the technological merits such as motility, bio-diversity, ecosystem, by the coal-mining subsidence pools zone ecological agriculture is reconstructed, carry
High Subsidence Area water and soil utilization rate, builds complete Subsidence Area ecosystem, it is adaptable to all kinds of coal-mining subsidence of east China pools zone
Eco-environment restoration is administered.
Described water level balance system includes float and level sensor, level sensor by single-chip microcomputer respectively with on water source
Electromagnetic valve and suction pump switch be connected, when level sensor detects float height less than preset value, then pass through monolithic
Machine is opened the electromagnetic valve on water source and is opened to water reserve moisturizing, when level sensor detects float height higher than preset value,
Then open suction pump switch by single-chip microcomputer to be taken away by unnecessary water.
Claims (9)
1. a coal-mining subsidence pools zone ecological agriculture reconstructing method, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
A. the coal-mining subsidence pools zone building the ecological agriculture will be needed to carry out region division, according to the practical situation of depression pools zone
Depression pools zone is divided into entirely region, sloped region and water reserve, and wherein physical features flat site is entirely region, tiltedly
Region, slope is entirely hillside fields between region and the depression pools zone water surface, and water reserve is depression pools zone water zone, including
Shallow water area and deepwater regions, wherein the region within depth of water 0.5m is shallow water area, and the depth of water region more than 0.5m is deep water
Region；
B. the hydrops of coal-mining subsidence pools zone is carried out sample detecting, when hydrops sample detecting result meets agricultural water standard then
Directly depression pools zone soil under water is transformed, when testing result does not meets agricultural water standard the most again to depression hydrops
District carries out planning makes Subsidence Area water quality qualified；
C. water level balance system is built in water reserve, to ensure the water surface site of water reserve；
D. in Subsidence Area entirely regional extent, soil is carried out Reclamation by filling, and transform wetland, carry out soil improvement and make it
Become arable land, build removable booth in region, arable land, so that all carrying out Vegetable cultivations throughout the year of ploughing；
E. adjust and on the height of water level of water reserve, and the sloped region at the water level of water reserve, build side slope shore protection, side slope shore protection
It is at the bottom of sloped region slope；
F. by the sloped region between side slope shore protection to entirely region according to being highly bisected into three parts, in the range of top, slope 1/3
Along topographic contour with staggered isosceles triangle pattern plantation arbor, in slope in the range of 1/3, along topographic contour with staggered product
Font mode plantation shrub, at the bottom of slope in the range of the 1/3 of the water surface, along topographic contour with sow plantation pattern plant herd
Grass；
G. the shallow water area plantation aquatic vegetable in water reserve, raises aquatile in deepwater regions.
Coal-mining subsidence pools zone the most according to claim 1 ecological agriculture reconstructing method, it is characterised in that: described is smooth
In the range of ground regional extent is Subsidence Area distance sloped region distance 100m.
Coal-mining subsidence pools zone the most according to claim 1 ecological agriculture reconstructing method, it is characterised in that described depression is amassed
Pool is planned to: removing mud and detritus soil layer after being taken away by depression pools zone hydrops, soil bottom compacting pools zone, at hydrops
Carry out geomembrane anti-seepage process bottom district on soil, make the harmful substance in underground coal mining district not penetrate into, cloth above geomembrane
Put the soil after improvement, again at depression pools zone injected clear water so that water quality safety is reliable.
Coal-mining subsidence pools zone the most according to claim 3 ecological agriculture reconstructing method, it is characterised in that described geomembrane
Anti-seeping technology step is: removes mud and detritus soil layer, carries out substrate compacting after paving upper supporting layer, uses impervious material to constitute multiple
Close antiseepage substrate, after the up-protective layer of antiseepage substrate upper berth, roll compacting；Wherein support that layer is for paving rubble, medium sand and fine sand structure
Becoming, protective layer is that loess, powder fine sand and sandy gravel layering spreading are constituted.
Coal-mining subsidence pools zone the most according to claim 1 ecological agriculture reconstructing method, it is characterised in that: described water level is put down
Balance system includes float and level sensor, and level sensor is opened with the electromagnetic valve on water source and suction pump respectively by single-chip microcomputer
Pass is connected, and when level sensor detects float height less than preset value, then opens the electromagnetism on water source by single-chip microcomputer
Valve is opened to water reserve moisturizing, when level sensor detects float height higher than preset value, is then opened by single-chip microcomputer and takes out
Unnecessary water is taken away by pump switch.
Coal-mining subsidence pools zone the most according to claim 1 ecological agriculture reconstructing method, it is characterised in that: described entirely
Build between region and sloped region and pollute antiseepage dike, prevent the sewage in entirely region from flowing into water reserve.
Coal-mining subsidence pools zone the most according to claim 1 ecological agriculture reconstructing method, it is characterised in that: described plantation
Arbor is Fructus Mali pumilae, pear tree, Semen Ginkgo；The shrub of plantation is ligustrum lucidum ait, flowering peach, Flos Pruni yedoensis, Radix Cinnamomi porrecti, Flos Osmanthi Fragrantis, photinia glabra, purple
Common vetch；The herbage of plantation is alfalfa.
Coal-mining subsidence pools zone the most according to claim 1 ecological agriculture reconstructing method, it is characterised in that: described phytal zone
The aquatic vegetable kind of territory plantation is Rhizoma Nelumbinis, Caulis Zizaniae caduciflorae；Deepwater regions breed variety is Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, Eriocheir.
Coal-mining subsidence pools zone the most according to claim 1 ecological agriculture reconstructing method, it is characterised in that: described sloped region
Territory is respectively equipped with isolation rail with entirely region and water reserve intersection, has put poultry between isolation rail in a suitable place to breed.
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| CN111165110A (en) * | 2020-01-10 | 2020-05-19 | 中国矿业大学 | Coal mining subsidence farmland quality improvement and transformation method based on ecological circular trench |
| CN111675341A (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2020-09-18 | 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所 | Large tailing pond side slope heavy metal ecological restoration system and application |
| CN112640718A (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2021-04-13 | 花王生态工程股份有限公司 | Protection forest planting system capable of preventing soil erosion |
| CN112960865A (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2021-06-15 | 淮南矿业(集团)有限责任公司 | Ecological management method for coal mining subsidence area |
| CN113079925A (en) * | 2021-04-13 | 2021-07-09 | 山东省鲁南地质工程勘察院(山东省地勘局第二地质大队) | Three-dimensional ecological restoration method for coal mining subsidence area |
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