CN106171116B - A kind of coal-mining subsidence pools zone ecological agriculture reconstructing method - Google Patents
A kind of coal-mining subsidence pools zone ecological agriculture reconstructing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106171116B CN106171116B CN201610649748.3A CN201610649748A CN106171116B CN 106171116 B CN106171116 B CN 106171116B CN 201610649748 A CN201610649748 A CN 201610649748A CN 106171116 B CN106171116 B CN 106171116B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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Abstract
A kind of coal-mining subsidence pools zone ecological agriculture reconstructing method is suitable for the ecological system degradation and agricultural kind cultivation structural remodeling of exploitation of mineral resources depression pools zone.Including coal-mining subsidence ponding region is divided into entirely region, sloped region, depression pools zone water zone；Ponding is detected, is then directly transformed when ponding meets agriculture water standard, keeps water quality qualified when testing result does not meet agriculture water standard and then carries out planning；Water reserve water level balance system is built, to carrying out Reclamation by filling in entirely regional extent, wetland is transformed, carries out soil improvement and becomes arable land, building removable greenhouse；Sloped region is divided into three parts of plantation arbors, shrub and herbage；Aquatic vegetable is planted in phytal zone, aquatile is raised in profundal zone.By being reconstructed to the coal-mining subsidence pools zone ecological agriculture, Subsidence Area water and soil utilization rate is improved, the complete Subsidence Area ecosystem is built, is suitable for all kinds of coal-mining subsidence pools zone eco-environment restorations of east China and administers.
Description
Technical field
The invention mainly relates to a kind of coal-mining subsidence pools zone ecological agriculture reconstructing methods, are suitable for east coal-mining subsidence and accumulate
Pool comprehensively treating ecological environment.
Background technology
Coal-mining subsidence pools zone is a kind of typical geological disaster caused by the mining subsidence of east high underground water mining area.East
Mining area generally has the characteristics that large storage capacity, multiple seam, high ground-water level, earth's surface superposition sedimentation, exploitation cause a large amount of soil moneys of earth's surface
Source is lost, and original arable land is destroyed, and earth's surface forms large area Collapse Pit, while by the synthesis of underground latent water extravasation, Atmospheric precipitation
It influences, long-term ponding in Collapse Pit, repeats to exploit after decades, large stretch of Subsidence Area forms the surface subsidence pool, and earth's surface is former
There are arable land, road, village etc. to be submerged, irreversible destruction occurs for the original ecosystem in subsidence area.On the one hand, national to ensure
Economic construction, while a large amount of coal resources are plucked out of, coal-mining subsidence causes largely arable land, village forfeiture, is with two Hua Areas mining area
Example, by the end of the year 2015, established subsidence area area reaches 508km2, and with 20km2The speed in/year is increasing, while by height
The combined influence of phreatic table and ground precipitation, subsidence area form a large amount of waters, and subversiveness variation occurs for original terriecosystems,
It is changed into aquatic ecosystem and aquatic-terrestrial complex ecosystem, the ecosystem service function that dynamic depression is formed is low, causes
The deterioration of the ecological environment, a large amount of Subsidence Areas are left the land uncultivated, and social concern protrudes, and has seriously affected Subsidence Area sustainable development；It is another
Aspect, the solid waste such as gangue, flyash that coal mining generates contain harmful huge sum of money such as a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, copper, zinc, cadmium
Belong to element, the secondary dirt of environment is caused into Subsidence Area by approach diffusion mobilities such as rainwash, soil permeability, air airborne dusts
Dye, causes loss of soil nutrient, body eutrophication serious.
Conventional Subsidence Area land reclamation and ecological environment treatment generally use following two modes：One is by using
Traditional land reclamation pattern of " table soil routs up-deep filling-surface layer earthing ", its shortcoming is that：Cost is higher, complex process,
Period of reclaiming is longer, and Subsided Reclamation Region topsoil is hardened, barren and heavy metal pollution is serious etc.；It is aquatic one is being carried out in pools zone
Cultivation, artificial swamp build isotype, its shortcoming is that biological structure is single, it is difficult to rational biological chain is formed, pools zone
Excessively cultivation causes body eutrophication serious, and aquaculture cost is higher, it is difficult to form the effectively rational ecosystem.Above two
Kind mode does not consider the utilization on Subsidence Area margin slope ground, and a large amount of slope lands is caused to let a piece of farmland go to waste.
For cannot solve in the prior art Subsidence Area entirely, slope land, pools zone comprehensive ecological environmental improvement skill
Art problem, currently no effective solution has been proposed.
Invention content
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of simple for process, of low cost, efficiently progress coal-mining subsidence pools zone lifes comprehensively
The method of state comprehensive environmental improvement, the structure coal-mining subsidence pools zone ecological agriculture, is Subsidence Area comprehensive treatment, developing agricultural economy
It builds and a kind of effective model is provided.
To achieve the above object, coal-mining subsidence pools zone ecological agriculture reconstructing method of the present invention, includes the following steps：
A. the coal-mining subsidence pools zone for building the ecological agriculture will be needed to carry out region division, according to the reality of depression pools zone
Depression pools zone is divided into entirely region, sloped region and water reserve by situation, and wherein topography flat site is smooth area
Domain, sloped region are that entirely the hillside fields between region and the depression pools zone water surface, water reserve are depression pools zone water zone,
Including shallow water area and deepwater regions, the region within wherein depth of water 0.5m is shallow water area, and the depth of water is more than that the region of 0.5m is
Deepwater regions；
B. sample detecting is carried out to the ponding of coal-mining subsidence pools zone, when ponding sample detecting result meets agriculture water quality mark
Criterion is directly transformed the underwater soil in depression pools zone, when testing result does not meet agriculture water standard then again to depression
Pools zone, which carries out planning, keeps Subsidence Area water quality qualified；
C. water level balance system is built in water reserve, to ensure the water surface site of water reserve；
D. Reclamation by filling is carried out to soil in Subsidence Area entirely regional extent, and wetland is transformed, carry out soil improvement
Arable land is become, removable greenhouse is built in arable land region, to make arable land equal carrying out Vegetable cultivation throughout the year；
E. the height of water level of water reserve is adjusted, and side slope shore protection, side slope are built in the sloped region at the water level of water reserve
Shore protection is sloped region bottom of slope；
F. by side slope shore protection to the sloped region between entirely region according to being highly bisected into three parts, in 1/3 model of top of the slope
The interior isosceles triangle pattern plantation arbor along topographic contour to interlock is enclosed, plantation seeding row spacing is 3m × 3m, 1/3 range in slope
It is interior, shrub is planted with isosceles triangle pattern staggeredly along topographic contour, plantation seeding row spacing is 2m × 2m, in bottom of slope by approximately level
In 1/3 range, along topographic contour to sow the pattern planting forage grass of plantation；
G. aquatic vegetable is planted in the shallow water area of water reserve, aquatile is raised in deepwater regions.
The entirely regional extent is Subsidence Area within the scope of sloped region distance 100m.
The depression pools zone is planned to：Mud and detritus soil layer, compacting product are removed after depression pools zone ponding is taken away
Pool bottom soil carries out geomembrane anti-seepage processing on the soil of pools zone bottom, makes the harmful substance in underground coal mining area will not
It penetrates into, the soil after arrangement improvement above geomembrane, again in depression pools zone injected clear water to keep water quality safety reliable.
The geomembrane anti-seepage processing step is：Mud and detritus soil layer are removed, substrate compacting is carried out after spreading support layer,
Composite anti-penetrating substrate is constituted using impervious material, compacting is rolled after the up-protective layer of antiseepage substrate upper berth；Wherein support layer is paving
Rubble, middle sand and fine sand are constituted, and protective layer is that loess, powder fine sand and sandy gravel are layered spreading composition.
The water level balance system includes float and water level sensor, water level sensor by microcontroller respectively on water source
Solenoid valve be connected with the switch pump that draws water, when water level sensor detect float height be less than preset value when, then pass through monolithic
Machine is opened the solenoid valve on water source and is opened to water reserve moisturizing, when water level sensor detects that float height is higher than preset value,
Then the switch pump that draws water is opened by microcontroller to take extra water away.
The entirely structure pollution antiseepage dike between region and sloped region, prevents the sewage in entirely region from flowing into and stores
Pool.
The arbor of the plantation is apple, pear tree, ginkgo；The shrub of plantation is ligustrum lucidum ait, flowering peach, someiyoshine, perfume (or spice)
Camphor tree, sweet osmanthus, photinia glabra, crape myrtle；The herbage of plantation is alfalfa.
The aquatic vegetable kind of the shallow water area plantation is lotus rhizome, wild rice stem；Deepwater regions breed variety is Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, suede
Chela crab.
The sloped region is respectively equipped with isolation rail with entirely region and water reserve intersection, is put between isolation rail
Supporting has poultry.
Advantageous effect：The present invention relates to a kind of ecological agriculture reconfiguration techniques of coal-mining subsidence pools zone, according to Subsidence Area class
Type, be divided into entirely, slope land, phytal zone, the part of profundal zone four, carry out that facilities vegetable, Qiao-filling-grass is three-dimensional answers respectively
Formula plantation, aquatic vegetable, healthy aquatic products, make full use of high underground water mining area coal-mining subsidence pools zone：
(1) traditional Reclamation Modes have been broken in the land reclamation for avoiding the sinking land in coalmining areas, improve Subsidence Area and administer effect
Rate；
(2) according to coal-mining subsidence pools zone feature, the reconstruct of the omnibearing stereo formula ecological agriculture is carried out, complete food is formed
Chain and ecosystem structure；
(3) it is suitable for the various steady heavy, areas the Fei Wenchen ecological environment treatments that mineral resources repeat exploitation, removable greenhouse can
According to the Ground Surface Dynamic depression time, further adjustment space layout；
(4) sinking land in coalmining areas eco-environment restoration is administered and ecological agriculture reconstruct is combined, Subsidence Area utilization rate is carried
Height realizes the sinking land in coalmining areas without blank comprehensive treatment to 100%；
(5) by the comprehensive utilization to coal-mining subsidence pools zone, by entirely carrying out green vegetables plantation and slope land
Seedling growth is intercepted and is absorbed using vegetation Subsidence Area pollutant, further improves soil quality, is built completely floating leaf and is planted
Object, emergent aquactic plant, aquatic animal waters food chain can effectively reduce water body eutrophication degree, purify Subsidence Area water body environment.
(6) the Dynamic control pattern for proposing high ground-water level sinking land in coalmining areas Bian Caibianzhi, by entirely facilities vegetable,
Further improve soil quality, improves land utilization ratio；By the compound plantation of slope land solid nursery stock, collect soil improvement and herbage
Produce the restoration of the ecosystem pattern being integrated；By phytal zone aquatic vegetable and profundal zone health aquaculture, using lake inversion
Principle builds the aquatic vegetation based on submerged plant, supplemented by floating leaf and emergent aquactic plant, introduces the consumers such as ichthyophagy crab, prolong
Long food chain promotes ecosystem service function.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is coal-mining subsidence pools zone of the present invention ecological agriculture reconstruct schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the slope land isosceles triangle cropping pattern schematic diagram of the present invention.
In figure：Entirely region, 2- sloped regions, 3- shallow water areas, 4- deepwater regions, 5- move greenhouse, 6- seedlings to 1-
Wood, 7- aquatic vegetables, 8- aquatiles, 9- arbors, 10- shrubs, 11- herbages.
Specific implementation mode
Patent of the present invention is further described with reference to specific embodiment：
As shown in Figure 1, the coal-mining subsidence pools zone ecological agriculture reconstructing method of the present invention, includes the following steps：
A. to needing the coal-mining subsidence pools zone for building the ecological agriculture to carry out region division, according to the reality of depression pools zone
Depression pools zone is divided into entirely region 1, sloped region 2 and water reserve by situation, and wherein topography flat site is entirely
Region 1, sloped region 2 are the entirely hillside fields between region 1 and the depression pools zone water surface, 1 range of entirely region
It is Subsidence Area within the scope of 2 distance 100m of sloped region, structure pollution is anti-between the entirely region 1 and sloped region 2
Dike is oozed, prevents the sewage in entirely region 1 from flowing into water reserve；Water reserve is depression pools zone water zone, including shallow water area 3
With deepwater regions 4, the region within wherein depth of water 0.5m is shallow water area 3, and the depth of water is more than the region of 0.5m for deepwater regions 4；
B. sample detecting is carried out to the ponding of coal-mining subsidence pools zone, when ponding sample detecting result meets agriculture water quality mark
Criterion is directly transformed the underwater soil in depression pools zone, when testing result does not meet agriculture water standard then again to depression
Pools zone, which carries out planning, keeps Subsidence Area water quality qualified, and the adaptation step is：Mud is removed after depression pools zone ponding is taken away
With detritus soil layer, pools zone bottom soil is tamped, geomembrane anti-seepage processing is carried out on the soil of pools zone bottom, makes underground coal mining
The harmful substance in area does not penetrate into, the soil above the geomembrane after arrangement improvement, again depression pools zone injected clear water from
And keep water quality safety reliable；The geomembrane anti-seepage processing step is：Mud and detritus soil layer are removed, is carried out after spreading support layer
Substrate is compacted, and constitutes composite anti-penetrating substrate using impervious material, compacting is rolled after the up-protective layer of antiseepage substrate upper berth；Wherein prop up
It is that paving rubble, middle sand and fine sand are constituted to hold layer, and protective layer is that loess, powder fine sand and sandy gravel layering spreading are constituted；
C. water level balance system is built to water reserve, to ensure the water surface site of water reserve；
D. Reclamation by filling is carried out to soil in Subsidence Area entirely 1 range of region, and wetland is transformed, carry out soil improvement
Arable land is become, removable greenhouse 5 is built in arable land region, to make arable land equal carrying out Vegetable cultivation throughout the year；
E. the height of water level of water reserve is adjusted, and side slope shore protection, side slope are built in the sloped region at the water level of water reserve
Shore protection is sloped region bottom of slope；
F. by side slope shore protection to the sloped region 2 between entirely region 1 according to being highly bisected into three parts, in top of the slope 1/3
Arbor 9 is planted with isosceles triangle pattern staggeredly along topographic contour in range, the arbor 9 of the plantation is apple, pear tree, silver
Apricot, plantation seeding row spacing are 3m × 3m；In slope in 1/3 range, shrub is planted with isosceles triangle pattern staggeredly along topographic contour
10, the shrub 10 of plantation is ligustrum lucidum ait, flowering peach, someiyoshine, cinnamomum camphora, sweet osmanthus, photinia glabra, crape myrtle, and plantation seeding row spacing is
2m×2m；In 1/3 range of the bottom of slope by approximately level, along topographic contour to sow the pattern planting forage grass 11 of plantation, plantation
Herbage 11 be alfalfa；
G. in 3 kinds of plant aquatic vegetables 7 of the shallow water area of water reserve, aquatile 8 is raised in deepwater regions 4；The shallow water
The aquatic vegetable kind of the 3 kinds of plants in region is lotus rhizome, wild rice stem；Profundal zone breed variety is Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, Eriocheir；Sloped region 2 with
Entirely region 1 and water reserve intersection are respectively equipped with isolation rail, have put poultry between isolation rail in a suitable place to breed, and this method has behaviour
Make the technological merits such as flexibility, bio-diversity, the ecosystem, by being reconstructed to the coal-mining subsidence pools zone ecological agriculture, carries
High Subsidence Area water and soil utilization rate builds the complete Subsidence Area ecosystem, is suitable for all kinds of coal-mining subsidence pools zones of east China
Eco-environment restoration is administered.
The water level balance system includes float and water level sensor, water level sensor by microcontroller respectively on water source
Solenoid valve be connected with the switch pump that draws water, when water level sensor detect float height be less than preset value when, then pass through monolithic
Machine is opened the solenoid valve on water source and is opened to water reserve moisturizing, when water level sensor detects that float height is higher than preset value,
Then the switch pump that draws water is opened by microcontroller to take extra water away.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of coal-mining subsidence pools zone ecological agriculture reconstructing method, it is characterised in that include the following steps：
A. the coal-mining subsidence pools zone for building the ecological agriculture will be needed to carry out region division, according to the practical feelings of depression pools zone
Depression pools zone is divided into entirely region, sloped region and water reserve by condition, and wherein topography flat site is entirely region,
Sloped region is that entirely the hillside fields between region and the depression pools zone water surface, water reserve are depression pools zone water zone, packet
Shallow water area and deepwater regions are included, the region within wherein depth of water 0.5m is shallow water area, and the depth of water is more than that the region of 0.5m is deep
Water area；
B. sample detecting is carried out to the ponding of coal-mining subsidence pools zone, when ponding sample detecting result meets agriculture water standard
Then directly the underwater soil in depression pools zone is transformed, then depression is accumulated again when testing result does not meet agriculture water standard
Pool, which carries out planning, keeps depression pools zone water quality qualified；
C. water level balance system is built in water reserve, to ensure the water surface site of water reserve；
D. Reclamation by filling is carried out to soil in depression pools zone entirely regional extent, and wetland is transformed, carry out soil improvement
Arable land is become, removable greenhouse is built in arable land region, to make arable land equal carrying out Vegetable cultivation throughout the year；
E. the height of water level of water reserve is adjusted, and builds side slope shore protection, side slope shore protection in the sloped region at the water level of water reserve
As sloped region bottom of slope；
F. by side slope shore protection to the sloped region between entirely region according to being highly bisected into three parts, in 1/3 range of top of the slope
Arbor is planted with isosceles triangle pattern staggeredly along topographic contour, in slope in 1/3 range, along topographic contour with product staggeredly
Font mode plants shrub, in 1/3 range of the bottom of slope by approximately level, is herded with the pattern plantation for sowing plantation along topographic contour
Grass；
G. aquatic vegetable is planted in the shallow water area of water reserve, aquatile is raised in deepwater regions.
2. coal-mining subsidence pools zone ecological agriculture reconstructing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described is smooth
Ground region ranging from depression pools zone extends outwardly 100m apart from sloped region.
3. coal-mining subsidence pools zone ecological agriculture reconstructing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the depression product
Pool is planned to：Mud and detritus soil layer are removed after depression pools zone ponding is taken away, pools zone bottom soil are tamped, in ponding
Geomembrane anti-seepage processing is carried out on the soil of area bottom, so that the harmful substance in underground coal mining area is not penetrated into, the cloth above geomembrane
The soil after improvement is set, again in depression pools zone injected clear water to keep water quality safety reliable.
4. coal-mining subsidence pools zone ecological agriculture reconstructing method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the geomembrane
Anti-seeping technology step is：Mud and detritus soil layer are removed, substrate compacting is carried out after spreading support layer, is constituted using impervious material multiple
Antiseepage substrate is closed, compacting is rolled after the up-protective layer of antiseepage substrate upper berth；Wherein support layer is paving rubble, middle sand and fine sand structure
At protective layer is that loess, powder fine sand and sandy gravel are layered spreading composition.
5. coal-mining subsidence pools zone ecological agriculture reconstructing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The water level is flat
Balance system includes float and water level sensor, water level sensor by microcontroller respectively on water source solenoid valve and suction pump open
Pass is connected, and when water level sensor detects that float height is less than preset value, then the electromagnetism on water source is opened by microcontroller
Valve is opened to water reserve moisturizing, when water level sensor detects that float height is higher than preset value, is then opened and is taken out by microcontroller
Pump switch takes extra water away.
6. coal-mining subsidence pools zone ecological agriculture reconstructing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described entirely
Structure pollution antiseepage dike between region and sloped region, prevents the sewage in entirely region from flowing into water reserve.
7. coal-mining subsidence pools zone ecological agriculture reconstructing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The plantation
Arbor is apple, pear tree, ginkgo；The shrub of plantation is ligustrum lucidum ait, flowering peach, someiyoshine, cinnamomum camphora, sweet osmanthus, photinia glabra, purple
Common vetch；The herbage of plantation is alfalfa.
8. coal-mining subsidence pools zone ecological agriculture reconstructing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The phytal zone
The aquatic vegetable kind of domain plantation is lotus rhizome, wild rice stem；Deepwater regions breed variety is Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, Eriocheir.
9. coal-mining subsidence pools zone ecological agriculture reconstructing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The sloped region
Domain is respectively equipped with isolation rail with entirely region and water reserve intersection, and poultry has been put in a suitable place to breed between isolation rail.
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| CN112960865A (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2021-06-15 | 淮南矿业(集团)有限责任公司 | Ecological management method for coal mining subsidence area |
| CN113079925A (en) * | 2021-04-13 | 2021-07-09 | 山东省鲁南地质工程勘察院(山东省地勘局第二地质大队) | Three-dimensional ecological restoration method for coal mining subsidence area |
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