CN106163895A - 车辆 - Google Patents

车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106163895A
CN106163895A CN201580018823.XA CN201580018823A CN106163895A CN 106163895 A CN106163895 A CN 106163895A CN 201580018823 A CN201580018823 A CN 201580018823A CN 106163895 A CN106163895 A CN 106163895A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
electric power
battery
electromotor
motor
rotating machine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201580018823.XA
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English (en)
Inventor
远藤弘树
鉾井耕司
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Toyota Motor Corp filed Critical Toyota Motor Corp
Publication of CN106163895A publication Critical patent/CN106163895A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/40—Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/13—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/445—Differential gearing distribution type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/24—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means
    • B60W10/26—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W40/00—Estimation or calculation of non-directly measurable driving parameters for road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub unit, e.g. by using mathematical models
    • B60W40/10—Estimation or calculation of non-directly measurable driving parameters for road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub unit, e.g. by using mathematical models related to vehicle motion
    • B60W40/105—Speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B60K2006/268—Electric drive motor starts the engine, i.e. used as starter motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W2510/244—Charge state
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W2520/00—Input parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
    • B60W2520/10—Longitudinal speed
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/84—Data processing systems or methods, management, administration

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)

Abstract

车辆包括发动机、马达、旋转电机、电池和ECU。ECU被构造成：(a)控制旋转电机以在马达行驶模式期间当起动发动机时产生电力并且向发动机提供起动转矩，由旋转电机产生的电力随着车速增大而增大；并且(b)基于电力的总和与能由电池接受的电力对应的值之间的比较来判定是否起动发动机。所述电力的总和是在马达行驶模式期间实际输入电池及从电池实际输出的第一电力与预测在向发动机提供起动转矩的同时由旋转电机产生的第二电力的总和。

Description

车辆
技术领域
本发明涉及一种能够通过使用发动机和马达中的至少一个的动力行驶的车辆，并且更具体地涉及一种设置有通过产生电力而提供作用在发动机上的起动转矩的旋转电机的车辆。
背景技术
日本专利申请公开No.2007-131103(JP 2007-131103 A)公开了设置有发动机、连接至驱动轮的马达、以及经由行星齿轮装置连接至发动机和马达的发电机的混合动力车辆。该混合动力车辆能够马达行驶，在马达行驶中混合动力车辆在发动机停止的状态下，通过使用马达的动力行驶。在马达行驶期间，随着马达旋转，发电机在与马达的旋转方向相反的方向中旋转。当在马达行驶期间发动机被起动时，发电机产生电力，使得起动转矩作用在发动机上。
在起动期间由发电机产生的电力被车辆电池接受。在马达行驶期间的发电机的转速的绝对值随着马达的转速(也就是说车速)增大而增大。因此，在起动期间由发电机产生的电力随着车速增大而增大，并且高度可能超过能够由电池接受的电力。鉴于此，根据能够由混合动力车辆中的电池接受的电力设定马达行驶的上限车速，并且在其中车速在马达行驶期间超过上限车速的情况下迅速启动(起动)发动机。以这种方式，能够抑制在起动期间输入电池的电力超过能够由电池接受的电力。
发明内容
然而，如果与JP 2007-131103 A中公开的车辆中一样，发动机每次都在满足车速在马达行驶期间超过上限车速的条件下起动，则发动机可能甚至当不必要时也被起动。换句话说，即使在其中车速超过上限车速的状态下执行起动，在电池在放电中情况下，在起动期间由旋转电机产生的电力的至少一部分未被输入电池，并且由放电目标上的电气设备消耗。因而，输入电池的电力可能不超过能由电池接受的电力。然而，JP 2007-131103 A中公开的车辆甚至在这种情况下也不必要地起动发动机。
本发明提供能够在马达行驶期间抑制不必要的发动机起动的车辆。
根据本发明的一个方面的车辆包括发动机、马达、旋转电机、电池和ECU。马达连接至驱动轮。车辆通过使用马达和发动机中的至少一个的动力行驶。旋转电机经由行星齿轮装置连接至发动机和马达。旋转电机被构造成在运转的马达行驶模式期间在与马达的旋转方向相反的方向上旋转，马达行驶模式是其中车辆被允许在发动机停止的同时以马达的动力行驶的模式。电池被构造成与包括马达和旋转电机的多个电气设备交换电力。ECU被构造成(a)控制旋转电机以在马达行驶模式期间当起动发动机时产生电力并且向发动机提供起动转矩，由旋转电机产生的电力随着车速增大而增大，并且(b)基于电力的总和与能由电池接受的电力对应的值之间的比较来判定是否起动发动机，其中，电力的总和是在马达行驶模式期间实际输入电池及从电池实际输出的第一电力与预测在向发动机提供起动转矩的同时由旋转电机产生的第二电力的总和。
根据上述方面，不仅基于预测将在起动期间由旋转电机产生的第二电力以及能由电池接受的电力，而且也基于实际输入电池和从电池实际输出的第一电力，判定是否在马达行驶期间起动发动机。因此，能够抑制马达行驶期间的不必要发动机起动。
在上述方面，ECU可以被构造成当电力的总和超过与能由电池接受的电力对应的值时提供起动转矩并且起动发动机。
根据上述方面，基于在马达行驶期间实际输入电池和从电池实际输出的第一电力，当电力的总和超过能由电池接受的电力时，能够迅速执行起动，使得发动机能够起动。因此，能够抑制在起动期间输入电池的电力超过能够由电池接受的电力。
在上述方面，ECU可以被构造成当车速超过针对马达行驶模式的上限车速并且电力的总和不超过与能由电池接受的电力对应的值时维持发动机停止的状态，上限车速根据能由电池接受的电力而设定。
根据上述方面，即使车速在马达行驶期间超过根据能由电池接受的电力设定的马达行驶的上限车速，在其中基于实际输入电池和从电池实际输出的第一电力、电力的总和不超过能够由电池接受的电力的情况下，也能够维持其中发动机停止的状态。因此，能够抑制在马达行驶期间的不必要的发动机起动。
在上述方面，行星齿轮装置可以包括：太阳齿轮，该太阳齿轮连接至旋转电机；环形齿轮，该环形齿轮连接至马达；小齿轮，该小齿轮与太阳齿轮和环形齿轮啮合；以及齿轮架，该齿轮架支撑小齿轮从而可旋转并且连接至发动机。ECU可以被构造成随着车速增大而将预测在向发动机提供起动转矩的同时由旋转电机产生的电力设定为较大的值。
根据上述方面，能够根据车速适当地设定预测将在起动期间由旋转电机产生的电力。因此，能够适当地判定是否继续其中在马达行驶期间发动机停止的状态。
附图说明
下面将参考附图描述本发明的示例性实施例的特征、优点以及技术和工业意义，其中相同的附图标记表示相同的元件，并且其中：
图1是车辆的整体框图；
图2是示出动力分配装置的列线图；
图3是示出由ECU执行的处理过程的流程图；
图4是示出发动机和电池电力的状态变化的图(第一实施例)；并且
图5是示出发动机和电池电力的状态变化的图(第二实施例)。
具体实施方式
下面，将参考附图描述本发明的实施例。在下文描述中，将相同附图标记附于与其设计和功能相同的部件。将不重复其详细描述。
图1是根据该实施例的车辆1的整体框图。车辆1包括发动机10、驱动轴16、第一电动发电机(下文在一些情况下称为“第一MG”)20、第二电动发电机(下文在一些情况下称为“第二MG”)30、动力分配装置40、减速器58、电力控制单元(PCU)60、电池70、驱动轮80和电子控制单元(ECU)200。
车辆1是以发动机10和第二MG 30中的至少一个的动力行驶的混合动力车辆。这意味着该混合动力车辆仅以发动机10的动力、仅以第二MG 30的动力或者两者行驶。
由发动机10产生的动力被动力分配装置40分为两个路径。两个路径中的一个路径是经由减速器58传递给驱动轮80的路径。另一个路径是传递给第一MG 20的路径。
第一MG 20和第二MG 30例如为三相AC旋转电机。第一MG 20和第二MG 30由PCU 60驱动。
第一MG 20经由动力分配装置40连接至发动机10和第二MG 30。第一MG 20具有作为通过使用由动力分配装置40分配的发动机10的动力而产生电力的发电机的功能。如下文所述，第一MG 20在发动机10停止的状态下提供起动转矩，以当在使用第二MG 30的动力的马达行驶期间起动发动机10时通过产生电力而作用在发动机10上。
第二MG 30经由减速器58连接至驱动轮80。第二MG 30具有作为通过使用存储在电池70中的电力和由第一MG 20产生的电力中的至少任一个向驱动轮80给予驱动力的驱动马达的功能。第二MG 30也具有作为通过使用由再生制动产生的电力而产生电力的发电机的功能。
动力分配装置40是行星齿轮机构，该行星齿轮机构包括太阳齿轮、小齿轮、齿轮架和环形齿轮。小齿轮与太阳齿轮和环形齿轮中的每一个啮合。齿轮架支撑小齿轮从而可旋转，并且连接至发动机10的曲轴。太阳齿轮连接至第一MG 20的旋转轴。环形齿轮利用介于其间的驱动轴16而连接至第二MG 30的旋转轴和减速器58。
发动机10、第一MG 20和第二MG 30经由动力分配装置40连接，并且因而发动机10的转速(下文称为“发动机转速Ne”)、第一MG 20的转速(下文称为“第一MG转速Nm1”)和第二MG 30的转速(下文称为“第二MG转速Nm2”)在如图2(后面描述)中所示的动力分配装置40的列线图中具有线性连接关系(当三个中的其它两个确定时，则三个中的任一个也确定)。
PCU 60将存储在电池70中的DC电力转换为能够通过其驱动第一MG 20和/或第二MG 30的AC电力。另外，PCU 60将由第一MG 20和/或第二MG 30产生的AC电力转换为能够通过其对电池70充电的DC电力。
电池70连接至第一MG 20、第二MG 30以及包括辅助机器诸如空调装置(热泵，未示出)和DC/DC转换器(未示出)的多个电气设备。在电池70和电气设备之间交换电力。
另外，监视传感器4被布置在车辆1中。监视传感器4检测电池70的状态(电流、电压、温度等)，并且将检测结果发送至ECU 200。
另外，多个传感器(未示出)被布置在车辆1中，以便检测控制车辆1所需的各种物理量，诸如加速器开度(用户的加速器踏板操作的量)、发动机转速Ne、第一MG转速Nm1、第二MG转速Nm2和车速。这些传感器将检测结果发送至ECU 200。
ECU 200是中央处理单元(CPU，未示出)和存储器(未示出)置入其中的电子控制单元。ECU 200基于来自每个传感器的信息以及存储在存储器内的信息执行预定计算处理，并且基于计算结果控制车辆1的每个设备。
ECU 200允许车辆1以马达行驶或者混合动力行驶而行驶。在马达行驶期间，车辆1在发动机10停止的状态下通过使用第二MG 30的动力而行驶。在混合动力行驶期间，在发动机10运转的情况下，车辆1通过使用发动机10和第二MG 30两者的动力行驶。
ECU 200基于监视传感器4的检测结果，计算电池70的电电力存储状态(下文称为“SOC”)。SOC是电池70的实际电力存储量与电池70的满充电容量的比率(单位：％)。能够在计算SOC中使用各种已知的方法，其示例包括使用电池70的电压和SOC之间的关系的计算方法，以及使用电池70的电流积分值的计算方法。
ECU 200根据电池70的温度和SOC设定能够由电池70接受的电力(下文称为“电池可接受电力Win”)，并且控制每个设备，使得实际输入电池70并且从电池70输出的电力(下文称为“电池电力Pb”)不超过电池可接受电力Win。以这种方式抑制电池70的劣化。电池可接受电力Win和电池电力Pb两者的单位都为瓦特。
在下文描述中，为了描述的方便，其中电池电力Pb为正(+)的情况被认为意味着其中电池70输出电力(放电)的情况，并且其中电池电力Pb为负(-)的情况被认为意味着其中电力被输入电池70(充电)的情况。因此，由电池70输出的电力被认为在电池电力Pb为正(+)的情况下随着电池电力Pb增大(绝对值增大)而增大。
输入电池70的电力被认为在电池电力Pb为负(-)的情况下随着电池电力Pb减小(绝对值增大)而增大。同样地，电池可接受电力Win为负(-)值，并且能够由电池70接受的电力被认为随着电池可接受电力Win减小(绝对值增大)而增大。
图2示出马达行驶中的动力分配装置40的列线图。如图2中所示，发动机转速Ne、第一MG转速Nm1和第二MG转速Nm2在列线图中具有线性连接关系(当三个中的其它两个确定时，则三个中的任一个也确定)。因为第二MG 30经由减速器58连接至驱动轮80，第二MG转速Nm 2对应于车速。
在马达行驶期间，发动机10停止，并且发动机转速Ne维持为零。在这种情况下，随着第二MG 30旋转，第一MG 20在与第二MG 30的旋转相反的方向中旋转。如图2中所示，在其中第二MG 30在正方向中旋转(Nm2>0)的情况下，第一MG 20在负方向中旋转(Nm1<0)。第一MG转速Nm1的绝对值随着第二MG转速Nm2(也就是，车速)增大而增大。
在其中发动机10在马达行驶期间起动的情况下，ECU 200允许第一MG 20产生电力，并且允许从第一MG 20产生用于起动发动机10的再生转矩。在发动机转速Ne根据第一MG20的再生转矩(下文在一些情况下称为“起动转矩”)上升并且达到预定速度之后，ECU 200开始在发动机10上的点火控制。通过经由点火控制的燃烧(所谓的初爆)完成发动机10的起动。
在发动机10的起动期间由第一MG 20产生的AC电力(下文称为“起动发电电力”)被PCU 60转换为DC电力，并且供给到电池70。在马达行驶期间的第一MG转速Nm1的绝对值随着车速增大而增大，并且因而起动发电电力随着车速增大而增大，并且高度可能超过电池可接受电力Win。
ECU 200根据电池可接受电力Win设定马达行驶的上限车速Vmax，并且将“马达行驶期间的车速超过上限车速Vmax”的条件设定为马达行驶期间用于起动发动机10的第一条件(也就是说，从马达行驶转变为混合动力行驶)。上限车速Vmax被设定为比起动发电电力达到电池可接受电力Win的车速低预定速度的值。因此，即使在车速超过上限车速Vmax的时间点执行起动，起动发电电力也低于电池可接受电力Win。
在其中电池可接受电力Win下降的情况下，ECU 200响应于电池可接受电力Win的下降而降低上限车速Vmax。以这种方式，能够在车速较低的状态(其中起动发电电力较低的状态)下满足上述第一条件(发动机10能够容易起动)。
另外，ECU 200计算马达行驶期间的电池电力Pb和起动发电电力的预测值α，并且将“电池电力Pb和起动发电电力的预测值α的总和超过与电池可接受电力Win对应的阈值Pwin”的条件设定为在马达行驶期间用于起动发动机10的第二条件。
在这里，“电池电力Pb”是如上所述实际输入电池70并且从电池70输出的电力，并且在电池70的放电期间被计算为正(+)，并且在电池70的充电期间被计算为负(-)。ECU 200基于监视传感器4的检测结果计算电池电力Pb。
“起动发电电力的预测值α”是预测将在马达行驶期间起动发动机10时由第一MG20产生的电力。起动发电电力作用在其中对电池70充电的侧上，并且因而预测值α为负(-)值。在实验等中获得的车速和起动发电电力之间的对应关系被预先存储在ECU 200中，并且通过使用该对应关系计算与实际车速对应的起动发电电力的预测值α。因此，起动发电电力的预测值α为与车速对应的可变值，并且被计算成随着车速增大而增大的值。
“阈值Pwin”是负(-)值，并且被设定为比电池可接受电力Win高预定值的值(其绝对值低预定值的值)。因此，即使在电池电力Pb和预测值α的总和超过阈值Pwin的时间点执行起动，输入电池70的电力也低于电池可接受电力Win。在该实施例中，“电池电力Pb和预测值α的总和超过阈值Pwin”意味着Pb+α<Pwin(也就是说，|Pb+α|>|Pwin|)。
ECU 200在其中在马达行驶期间满足上述第一条件和第二条件两者的情况下启动(起动)发动机10，并且在其中不满足上述第一条件和第二条件中的至少一个条件的情况下维持其中发动机10停止的状态。
换句话说，在马达行驶期间，即使车速超过根据电池可接受电力Win设定的上限车速Vmax(即使满足第一条件)，在其中电池电力Pb和起动发电电力的预测值α的总和也不超过与电池可接受电力Win对应的阈值Pwin的情况下(在不满足第二条件的情况下)，ECU 200不起动发动机10，并且维持发动机10停止的状态。
图3是示出在马达行驶期间由ECU 200执行的处理的过程的流程图。在马达行驶期间以预定周期执行并且重复这种流程图。
在步骤(在下文中，“步骤”将被简化为“S”)10中，ECU 200判定是否满足上述第一条件，即车速是否超过根据电池可接受电力Win设定的上限车速Vmax。
在其中车速不超过上限车速Vmax的情况下(在S10中为否)，在S11中，ECU 200维持其中发动机10停止的状态。
在其中车速超过上限车速Vmax的情况下(在S10中为是)，在S20中，ECU 200判定是否满足上述第二条件，也就是说，当前电池电力Pb和起动发电电力的预测值α的总和是否超过与电池可接受电力Win对应的阈值Pwin(是否Pb+α<Pwin)。
在其中电力Pb和预测值α的总和超过阈值Pwin(在S20中为是)的情况下，也就是说，在其中Pb+α<Pwin(|Pb+α|>|Pwin|)的情况下，在S21中，ECU 200起动并且起动发动机10。
在其中电力Pb和预测值α的总和未超过阈值Pwin(在S20中为否)的情况下，也就是说，在其中Pb+α>Pwin(|Pb+α|<|Pwin|)的情况下，ECU 200允许处理转移至S11，并且维持其中发动机10停止的状态。
图4是示出在马达行驶期间车速在加速器关闭(加速器开度＝0)的状态下增大的情况下，发动机10和电池电力Pb的状态变化的图。其中由于下坡行驶的车辆的重量而发生加速(重力加速)的情况被假定为其中车速在加速器关闭状态下增大的情况的示例。
在这种情况下，加速器为关闭，并且因而由第二MG 30执行再生制动，并且以由第二MG 30产生的电力对电池70充电。因此，电池电力Pb为负(-)值，并且随着车速增大而下降(绝对值增大)。
在图4中所示的示例中，电池电力Pb和起动发电电力的预测值α的总和在车速达到上限车速Vmax的时刻t1超过阈值Pwin(也就是说，Pb+α<Pwin)。因此，ECU 200在时刻t1迅速地在发动机10上执行起动，并且起动发动机10。结果，即使在起动期间产生起动发电电力，也能够抑制输入电池70的电力超过电池可接受电力Win。
图5是示出在马达行驶期间车速在加速器打开(加速器开度>0)状态下增大的情况下的发动机10和电池电力Pb的状态改变的图。
在其中在加速器打开状态下执行马达行驶的状况下，行驶使用第二MG30的动力，并且因而电力从电池70输出至第二MG30。因此，电池电力Pb为正(+)值，并且随着车速增大而增大(绝对值增大)。
在图5中所示的示例中，在时刻t11，车速达到上限车速Vmax，但是由于电池70在放电中，电池电力Pb和起动发电电力的预测值α的总和未超过阈值Pwin(也就是说，Pb+α>PWin)。换句话说，即使执行起动，起动发电电力也被第二MG 30或者在放电目标处的其它电气设备(例如诸如空调装置的辅助机器)所消耗，并且因而预测超过电池可接受电力Win的电力不被输入到电池70中。
即使在车速达到上限车速Vmax的时刻t11之后，在电池电力Pb和起动发电电力的预测值α的总和未超过阈值Pwin的情况下(也就是说，在其中预测在起动期间输入电池70中的电力不超过阈值Pwin的情况下)，根据该实施例的ECU 200也维持发动机10停止的状态。以这种方式，能够抑制发动机10在马达行驶期间的不必要起动。
如上所述，根据该实施例的ECU 200基于在电池电力Pb和起动发电电力的预测值α的总和和与电池可接受电力Win对应的阈值Pwin之间的比较，判定是否在马达行驶期间起动发动机10。换句话说，ECU200不仅基于起动发电电力的预测值α和电池可接受电力Win，而且也基于电池电力Pb，判定是否在马达行驶期间起动发动机10。因此，能够抑制发动机在马达行驶期间的不必要的起动。
应注意，本文所公开的实施例在每一方面都是非限制的示例。本发明的范围不是由以上描述而是由权利要求书阐明，并且本发明旨在包括具有与权利要求书相同意义和范围的每个变型。

Claims (4)

1.一种车辆，包括：
发动机；
马达，所述马达被连接至驱动轮，所述车辆通过使用来自所述马达和所述发动机中的至少一个的动力而行驶；
旋转电机，所述旋转电机经由行星齿轮装置连接至所述发动机和所述马达，所述旋转电机被构造成在运行的马达行驶模式期间在与所述马达的旋转方向相反的方向上旋转，所述马达行驶模式是所述车辆被允许在所述发动机停止的同时以所述马达的动力行驶的模式；
电池，所述电池被构造成与包括所述马达和所述旋转电机的多个电气设备交换电力；和
ECU，所述ECU被构造成：
(a)控制所述旋转电机以在所述马达行驶模式期间当起动所述发动机时产生电力并且向所述发动机提供起动转矩，由所述旋转电机产生的电力随着车速增大而增大，并且
(b)基于电力的总和与能由所述电池接受的电力对应的值之间的比较来判定是否起动所述发动机，其中，所述电力的总和是在所述马达行驶模式期间实际输入所述电池及从所述电池实际输出的第一电力与预测在向所述发动机提供所述起动转矩的同时由所述旋转电机产生的第二电力的总和。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆，其中，所述ECU被构造成当所述电力的总和超过与能由所述电池接受的电力对应的值时向所述发动机提供所述起动转矩。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的车辆，其中，所述ECU被构造成当所述车速超过针对所述马达行驶模式的上限车速并且所述电力的总和不超过与能由所述电池接受的电力对应的值时，维持所述发动机停止的状态，所述上限车速根据能由所述电池接受的电力而设定。
4.根据权利要求1至3中的任一项所述的车辆，其中：
所述行星齿轮装置包括：太阳齿轮，所述太阳齿轮被连接至所述旋转电机；环形齿轮，所述环形齿轮被连接至所述马达；小齿轮，所述小齿轮与所述太阳齿轮及所述环形齿轮啮合；以及齿轮架，所述齿轮架支撑所述小齿轮以使其能够旋转并且所述齿轮架被连接至所述发动机，并且
所述ECU被构造成随着所述车速增大而将预测在向所述发动机提供所述起动转矩的同时由所述旋转电机产生的所述电力设定为较大的值。
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