CN106149408A - 一种印花油墨组合物及其在棉布印花中的应用 - Google Patents
一种印花油墨组合物及其在棉布印花中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106149408A CN106149408A CN201610588786.2A CN201610588786A CN106149408A CN 106149408 A CN106149408 A CN 106149408A CN 201610588786 A CN201610588786 A CN 201610588786A CN 106149408 A CN106149408 A CN 106149408A
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- D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种印花油墨组合物及其在棉布印花中的应用。所述印花油墨组合物包括水性活性染料墨水A和印花上浆剂B,所述水性活性染料墨水A包括2~15%的P型活性染料,2~8%的阳离子型固色剂,以及功能助剂和溶剂;所述阳离子型固色剂由分散相及固相组成,所述分散相为水,所述固相由以下按重量百分比计算的物质制备而成:多元醇32~63%;二异氰酸酯16~38%;阳离子扩链剂4~8%;含氨基的紫外线吸收剂11~29%;催化剂0.1~0.2%;所述印花上浆剂B由以下按重量百分比计算的组分组成:1~15%印花糊料、1~10%增色糊料、2~8%碳酸氢钠、1~8%尿素、余量为去离子水。采用所述印花油墨组合物制成的印花产品固色率高、耐日晒牢度好、耐摩擦牢度好、无渗化现象且所述上浆剂脱糊率高,不影响织物手感。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及棉布喷墨印花技术领域,具体地,本发明涉及一种印花油墨组合物及其在棉布印花中的应用。
背景技术
活性染料具有色泽鲜艳,色谱齐全,生产成本低,色牢度高,应用工艺简便,且结构上不含致癌基团等的特点,自1930年问世以来一直在棉布印刷上保持巨大的优势。然而,传统的活性染料印染不仅固色率低,而且印染过程高盐高尿素,不环保。另外,当活性染料被较低能量的可见光激发时,会与环境中的氧气发生光氧化褪色,耐日晒性能较差。因此在提高活性染料固色率的同时长时间维持其反应活性、提高其耐日晒牢度以及降低印染过程的污染,一直是活性染料研究的热点。
近年来,经过国内外工作者的大量研究,许多的液态活性染料和活性染料印花墨水配方问世,活性染料在水性环境下的保存时间也从数天延长至半年,但大多存在直接印染固色率低,在大块的色块中不能均匀染色的缺陷,即便是近年开始流行的数码印花方式,印花也未能完全适应新型活性染料墨水,表现为印花图案颜色较浅,发生色差色花等现象。我国对于活性染料的棉布印花技术研究还处于初始阶段,国内技术大多源于国外数十年前的研究成果,与世界领先水平仍有较大差距,未能实现活性染料棉布印花的商业化普及。开发具有更佳效果的棉布用印花油墨组合物具有重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明旨在克服现有技术的不足,提供一种印花油墨组合物,利用所述印花油墨组合物对棉布印花,具有固色率高、耐日晒牢度好、耐摩擦牢度好、无渗化现象、印染均匀的优点,同时不会对环境造成很大污染,符合绿色发展的理念。
本发明的另一发明目的在于公开所述印花油墨组合物在棉布印花中的应用。
本发明的上述发明目的通过以下技术方案予以实现:
一种印花油墨组合物,包括水性活性染料墨水A和印花上浆剂B,所述水性活性染料墨水A包括2~15%的P型活性染料,2~8%的阳离子型固色剂,以及功能助剂和溶剂;所述阳离子型固色剂由分散相及固相组成,所述分散相为水,所述固相由以下按重量百分比计算的物质制备而成:
多元醇32~63%;
二异氰酸酯16~38%;
阳离子扩链剂4~8%;
含氨基的紫外线吸收剂11~29%;
催化剂0.1~0.2%;
所述分散相与固相重量比为1.4~1.6:1.0;
所述印花上浆剂B,由以下按重量百分比计算的组分组成:
印花糊料 1~15%;
增色糊料 1~10%;
碳酸氢钠 2~8%;
尿素 1~8%;
余量为去离子水;
其中,所述增色糊料为罗望子胶或罗望子胶衍生物;
所述印花糊料为羧甲基淀粉。
由上述活性染料墨水A、印花上浆剂B组合而成的印花油墨组合物在印染时,具有固色率高、耐日晒牢度好、耐摩擦牢度好、无渗化现象、印染均匀的效果。A成分中,采用的阳离子型固色剂是一种改性聚氨酯固色剂,其通过引入足够多的阳离子基团,有效提高了聚氨酯在水中的分散稳定性,且阳离子基团可与活性染料的阴离子反应,明显提高染料的固色效果;另外,聚氨酯本身具有良好的成膜性能,又与织物有一定的亲和力,可改善印染织物的耐磨性。B成分中,采用羧甲基淀粉(CMS)能提高其溶解性、耐热性、耐盐性和耐碱性;传统的上浆剂通常会添加尿素来提高活性染料的溶解度,能够使染料迅速地扩散到织物表面,与织物发生反应,但另一方面也提高了墨水的渗化程度,不利于精细的印花,本发明B成分中选用的罗望子胶或其衍生物具有较大的抱水性,部分取代尿素能有效降低染料的渗化程度,并加快活性染料向纤维表面的扩散速度,提高固色率,使得印染均匀,无色花;羧甲基淀粉、罗望子胶及其衍生物等用量不宜过高,过高都会导致上浆剂黏度过大而不适合印刷,甚至无法溶解成均匀的糊状物。碳酸氢钠在高温蒸化条件下分解成碳酸钠,其碱性能够激活活性染料的反应基团与纤维素的羟基进行反应,起到发色剂的作用。
罗望子胶衍生物有多种,作为一种可选方案,所述罗望子胶衍生物可以为羧甲基罗望子胶。
优选地,所述P型活性染料为经提纯的P型活性染料。活性染料中的杂质无机盐会大幅度地提高所配置墨水的电导率,导致活性染料在水性体系中的化学稳定性变差。所述经提纯的P型活性染料可以为市售产品,也可以为参考现有的技术进行提纯得到的产品。
所述功能助剂为保湿剂、增溶剂、表面活性剂、粘度调节剂、pH缓冲剂、杀菌剂。这些物质均是活性染料墨水的常规成分。
优选地,所述保湿剂为乙二醇、丙二醇、乙二醇丁醚中的一种或多种的混合物。添加保湿剂是为了保证活性染料经过较高温度喷墨的时候不会由于黏度或者浓度的改变而发生物理性状或者化学性状的变化。
优选地,所述增溶剂为己内酰胺和/或N-甲基吡咯烷酮。更优选地为己内酰胺。己内酰胺同时与染料和水具有高度亲和性,其使用能够提高活性染料的溶解度,避免染料析出或者团聚。
优选地,所述粘度调节剂为甘油。
优选地,所述pH缓冲剂为柠檬酸-柠檬酸钠体系或磷酸二氢钾-磷酸氢二钠体系。
优选地,所述阳离子扩链剂为二乙醇胺、N-甲基二乙醇胺、二乙烯三胺、三乙烯四胺中的一种或多种的混合物。
优选地,所述含氨基的紫外线吸收剂为2-(2-羟基-4-氨基苯基)氢化苯并***、2-(2-羟基苯基)-5-氨基-2H-苯并***、2-(2-羟基-4-氨基苯基)-5-磺酸氢化苯并***中的一种或多种的混合物。通过选用含氨基的紫外线吸收剂,可利用其-NH2与-NCO的反应将其引入聚氨酯中,得到含紫外线吸收剂的聚氨酯固色剂,将该改性聚氨酯固色剂应用于活性染料墨水,可有效改善活性染料墨水印刷品的耐日晒牢度。
优选地,所述溶剂为去离子水。
所述催化剂为本领域常用的催化剂,包括辛酸亚锡、月桂酸铋和二月桂酸二丁基锡,进一步优选为月桂酸铋。
所述羧甲基淀粉,其粘度满足:20℃时,5%的水溶液黏度≥50000mPa•s;淀粉醚取代度≥0.8。
所述阳离子型固色剂的制备方法包括以下步骤:
S1.将脱水处理后的多元醇、二异氰酸酯在催化剂作用下反应2~4小时,再加入阳离子扩链剂扩链反应1~2小时,生成端基为-NCO的聚氨酯,所述反应的温度为70~90℃;
S2.待反应物降温至50~60℃,加入含氨基的紫外线吸收剂进行封端反应0.5~1.0小时,聚合过程用丙酮降黏;
S3.加入去离子水,在800~1500r/min搅拌速度下乳化20~40分钟,抽真空脱除丙酮,即得阳离子型固色剂。
所述印花油墨组合物在棉布印花中的应用。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
本发明所述印花油墨组合物中的印花上浆剂具有较大抱水性,能加快活性染料向纤维表面的扩散且渗化程度低,而P型染料的双活性基团能够迅速地与纤维反应固色,使得印染均匀、无渗化、无色花、印花图案颜色深,上浆剂脱糊率高,对印花手感无影响;本发明活性染料墨水选用阳离子型固色剂,其为改性聚氨酯固色剂,通过对聚氨酯进行改性,在聚氨酯中引入了具有亲水性的阳离子基团,从而有效提高了聚氨酯在水中的分散性,且阳离子基团可与活性染料的阴离子反应,明显提高染料的固色效果,且聚氨酯本身具有良好的成膜性能,又与织物有一定的亲和力,可改善印染织物的耐磨性、耐日晒牢度。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步的解释说明,但具体实施例并不对本发明作任何限定。除非特别说明,实施例中所涉及的试剂、方法均为本领域常用的试剂和方法。
实施例中,印花糊料选用天奇科技公司的TQHY-2(20℃时,5%的水溶液黏度≥50000mPa·s;淀粉醚取代度≥0.8。)、TQHY-3(20℃时,5%的水溶液黏度≥50000mPa·s;淀粉醚取代度≥0.8。)上述两种印花糊料的应用场合略有差异。印花糊料;增色糊料选用印度VVECOGUM公司的Hitech CMT 45(25℃时,8%的水溶液黏度为40000~45000mPa·s)、Hitech840 DAS(25℃时,8%的水溶液黏度为38000~42000mPa·s)。其他未特别说明型号的均为普通市售产品。
以下原料的简称如下:聚乙二醇:PEG;异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯:IPDI;N-甲基二乙醇胺:MDEA;聚丙二醇:PPG;二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯:MDI;聚四氢呋喃醚二醇:PTMG;六亚甲基二异氰酸酯:HDI。
实施例1~4
改性聚氨酯固色剂A~D的主要组成如表1所示。
表1改性聚氨酯固色剂的组成
改性聚氨酯固色剂A的具体制备过程如下:
S1.将脱水处理后的聚乙二醇、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯一起在月桂酸铋作用下反应2小时,再加入N-甲基二乙醇胺扩链反应2小时,生成端基为-NCO的聚氨酯;反应的温度为90℃;
S2.待反应物降温至50℃,加入2-(2-羟基-4-氨基苯基)氢化苯并***进行封端,反应1小时;聚合过程用丙酮降黏;
S3.加入去离子水,在800r/min搅拌速度下乳化40分钟;抽真空脱除丙酮,即得改性聚氨酯固色剂A。
改性聚氨酯固色剂A呈微黄半通透,固含量为38.1%。
改性聚氨酯固色剂B的具体制备过程如下:
S1.将脱水处理后的聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇和二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯一起在月桂酸铋作用下反应3小时,再加入二乙烯三胺扩链反应2小时,生成端基为-NCO的聚氨酯;反应的温度为70℃;
S2.待反应物降温至60℃,加入2-(2-羟基-4-氨基苯基)-5-磺酸氢化苯并***进行封端,反应0.5小时;聚合过程用丙酮降黏;
S3.加入去离子水,在1500r/min搅拌速度下乳化20分钟;抽真空脱除丙酮,即得改性聚氨酯固色剂B。
改性聚氨酯固色剂B呈微黄半通透,固含量为39.6%。
改性聚氨酯固色剂C的具体制备过程如下:
S1.将脱水处理后的聚乙二醇、聚四氢呋喃醚二醇和六亚甲基二异氰酸酯一起在月桂酸铋作用下反应4小时,再加入三乙烯四胺扩链反应1小时,生成端基为-NCO的聚氨酯;反应的温度为80℃;
S2.待反应物降温至50℃,加入2-(2-羟基苯基)-5-氨基-2H-苯并***进行封端,反应1小时;聚合过程用丙酮降黏;
S3.加入去离子水,在1300r/min搅拌速度下乳化30分钟;抽真空脱除丙酮,即得实施例3所用的改性聚氨酯固色剂。
改性聚氨酯固色剂C呈微黄半通透,固含量为41.5%。
改性聚氨酯固色剂D的具体制备过程如下:
S1.将脱水处理后的聚乙二醇和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯一起在月桂酸铋作用下反应3小时,再加入二乙醇胺扩链反应1.5小时,生成端基为-NCO的聚氨酯;反应的温度为80℃;
S2.待反应物降温至60℃,加入2-(2-羟基苯基)-5-氨基-2H-苯并***进行封端,反应0.5小时;聚合过程用丙酮降黏;
S3.加入去离子水,在1500r/min搅拌速度下乳化30分钟;抽真空脱除丙酮,即得改性聚氨酯固色剂D。
改性聚氨酯固色剂D呈微黄半通透,固含量为39.5%。
所述水性活性染料的配方如表2,其中染料墨水A、B、C、D分别对应使用的是改性聚氨酯固色剂A、B、C、D。
表2水性活性染料墨水配方
水性活性染料的具体制备过程如下:
M1.将活性染料逐渐溶解于一定量的DMF中至饱和,置于离心机中,3000rpm下离心10min,过滤得上层清液,即活性染料的DMF饱和溶液;向上层清液中加入适量丙酮,在3~4℃下放置一天,促使染料结晶析出,过滤、烘干、研磨,即得经提纯的P型活性染料;
M2.将保湿剂、增溶剂和表面活性剂混合均匀,一边搅拌一边缓慢地加入经提纯的P型活性染料,然后超声震荡至染料完全溶解,得到活性染料浓缩液;
M3.将改性聚氨酯固色剂、黏度调节剂、pH缓冲剂、杀菌剂和去离子水混合均匀,边搅拌边加入步骤M2中的活性染料浓缩液,搅拌均匀,即得水性活性染料墨水。
所得水性活性染料墨水A、水性活性染料墨水B、水性活性染料墨水C、水性活性染料墨水D的粘度分别为3.5 cp、3.6 cp、3.8 cp、3.8 cp,其pH值分别为7.6、7.6、7.3、7.5。
配套印花上浆剂的配方如表3所示。
表3配套印花上浆剂的配方
重量百分比/% | 印花上浆剂A | 印花上浆剂B | 印花上浆剂C | 印花上浆剂D | 印花上浆剂E |
TQHY-2印花糊料 | 15 | —— | 8 | —— | 15 |
TQHY-3印花糊料 | —— | 5 | —— | 1 | —— |
Hitech CMT 45 | 1 | —— | 10 | 3 | —— |
Hitech 840 DAS | —— | 5 | —— | —— | —— |
碳酸氢钠 | 5 | 5 | 8 | 2 | 5 |
尿素 | 8 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 9 |
去离子水 | 71 | 79 | 72 | 93 | 71 |
上浆剂的制备过程如下:将碳酸氢钠和尿素溶解于去离子水中,一边搅拌一边加入印花糊料和增色糊料,搅拌至均匀。
通过120目丝网版,分别将印花上浆剂A、印花上浆剂B、印花上浆剂C、印花上浆剂D涂覆于棉布上,60℃烘干;将对应活性染料墨水A、活性染料墨水B、活性染料墨水C、活性染料墨水D喷印于处理后的棉布上,印刷产品经水蒸气蒸化15~20min固色。实施例1至4一一对应使用印花上浆剂A和活性染料墨水A、印花上浆剂B和活性染料墨水B、印花上浆剂C和活性染料墨水C、印花上浆剂D和活性染料墨水D。
对比例1
通过120目丝网版,将印花上浆剂E涂覆于棉布上,60℃烘干。活性染料墨水A喷印于处理后的棉布上,印刷产品经水蒸气蒸化15~20min固色。
对比例2
将实施例1中的改性聚氨酯固色剂A替换成固色剂KS(1-氯-2-羟基丙基三甲基氯化铵),其余与实施例1相同。
对比例3
将实施例1中的印花糊料替换成增色糊料Hitech CMT 45,其余与实施例1相同。
对各实施例和对比例制备得到的水性活性染料墨水及其配套上浆剂进行相关测试,结果汇总于表4、表5中。
测试方法如下:印花上浆剂的脱糊率的计算公式为:
(W1-W2)/(W1-W0)×100%
其中,W0为印花前织物的重量;W1为印花后织物的重量;W2为印花水洗后织物的重量;
墨水渗化程度测试方法:将织物在120目丝网下用上浆剂压液处理,60℃烘干,将水性活性染料墨水分别滴在未处理与处理后的织物表面,让其自然渗化,对比观察,然后利用水蒸气蒸化15min,观察渗化情况:液滴边缘清晰是无渗化;液滴边缘扩散,且扩散厚度小于2mm是轻微渗化;液滴边缘扩散厚度大于2mm为严重渗化。
印花固色率:GB/T2393-1980;
耐摩擦牢度:GB/T 3920-2008;
耐日晒牢度:GB/T 2925-2007;
印染效果:目测印花样品的印染是否均匀,是否有色花。
表4实施例性能测试结果
表5 对比例性能测试结果
由表4可以看出,本发明印花上浆剂的脱糊率高,利用所述水性活性染料墨水及其配套印花上浆剂印刷的织物产品固印染均匀,墨水无渗化,无色花,固色率高,耐日晒和耐干湿擦性能优异。结合表4、表5,根据实施例1和对比例可知,当不使用增色染料替代部分尿素时,墨水出现渗化现象,不利于精细的印花;根据实施例1和对比例2的对比可知,选用阳离子型固色剂可改善印染织物的耐磨性、耐日晒牢度;根据实施例1和对比例3的对比可知,单独使用增色糊料而不使用印花糊料其印染效果较差,印染不均匀,有色花。
Claims (10)
1.一种印花油墨组合物,其特征在于,包括水性活性染料墨水A和印花上浆剂B,所述水性活性染料墨水A包括2~15%的P型活性染料,2~8%的阳离子型固色剂,以及功能助剂和溶剂;所述阳离子型固色剂由分散相及固相组成,所述分散相为水,所述固相由以下按重量百分比计算的物质制备而成:
多元醇32~63%;
二异氰酸酯16~38%;
阳离子扩链剂4~8%;
含氨基的紫外线吸收剂11~29%;
催化剂0.1~0.2%;
所述分散相与固相重量比为1.4~1.6:1.0;
所述印花上浆剂B,由以下按重量百分比计算的组分组成:
印花糊料 1~15%;
增色糊料 1~10%;
碳酸氢钠 2~8%;
尿素 1~8%;
余量为去离子水;
其中,所述增色糊料为罗望子胶或罗望子胶衍生物;
所述印花糊料为羧甲基淀粉。
2.根据权利要求1所述印花油墨组合物,其特征在于,所述罗望子胶衍生物为羧甲基罗望子胶。
3.根据权利要求1所述印花油墨组合物,其特征在于,所述P型活性染料为经提纯的P型活性染料。
4.根据权利要求1所述印花油墨组合物,其特征在于,所述功能助剂为保湿剂、增溶剂、表面活性剂、粘度调节剂、pH缓冲剂、杀菌剂。
5.根据权利要求1所述印花油墨组合物,其特征在于,所述阳离子扩链剂为二乙醇胺、N-甲基二乙醇胺、二乙烯三胺、三乙烯四胺中的一种或多种的混合物。
6.根据权利要求1所述印花油墨组合物,其特征在于,所述含氨基的紫外线吸收剂为2-(2-羟基-4-氨基苯基)氢化苯并***、2-(2-羟基苯基)-5-氨基-2H-苯并***、2-(2-羟基-4-氨基苯基)-5-磺酸氢化苯并***中的一种或多种的混合物。
7.根据权利要求1所述印花油墨组合物,其特征在于,所述溶剂为去离子水。
8.根据权利要求1所述印花油墨组合物,其特征在于,所述羧甲基淀粉,其粘度满足:20℃时,5%的水溶液黏度≥50000mPa•s;淀粉醚取代度≥0.8。
9.根据权利要求1所述印花油墨组合物,其特征在于,所述阳离子型固色剂的制备方法包括以下步骤:
S1.将脱水处理后的多元醇、二异氰酸酯在催化剂作用下反应2~4小时,再加入阳离子扩链剂扩链反应1~2小时,生成端基为-NCO的聚氨酯,所述反应的温度为70~90℃;
S2.待反应物降温至50~60℃,加入含氨基的紫外线吸收剂进行封端反应0.5~1.0小时,聚合过程用丙酮降黏;
S3.加入去离子水,在800~1500r/min搅拌速度下乳化20~40分钟,抽真空脱除丙酮,即得阳离子型固色剂。
10.权利要求1至9任一项所述印花油墨组合物在棉布印花中的应用。
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CN112593427A (zh) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-04-02 | 太仓宝霓实业有限公司 | 提高墨水渗透性的酸性数码印花糊料组合物及制备方法 |
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