CN105594540A - Camellia pubipetala grafting and seedling cultivating method - Google Patents
Camellia pubipetala grafting and seedling cultivating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105594540A CN105594540A CN201510984870.1A CN201510984870A CN105594540A CN 105594540 A CN105594540 A CN 105594540A CN 201510984870 A CN201510984870 A CN 201510984870A CN 105594540 A CN105594540 A CN 105594540A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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Abstract
The invention provides a camellia pubipetala grafting and seedling cultivating method. The method comprises the following steps that bud seedlings obtained after camellia oleifera seed germination is accelerated are used as stock; branches of camellia pubipetala plants are collected as scions; after the scions and the stock are cut off, the scions are inserted into a stock notch and fixed, and grafting is completed; the grafted nursery stock is planted into a nursery garden for seedling cultivating. The method solves the problem that an existing camellia pubipetala grafting and seedling cultivating method is low in survival rate, and a bud stock grafting method is adopted for seedling cultivating of camellia pubipetala; due to the fact that the seedling rootstock is adopted for grafting and seedling cultivating, healing is facilitated at the grafting position between the stock and the scions, and the survival rate is high after grafting is performed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to biological technical field, transfer in particular to a kind of hair lobe Camellia nitidissimaConnect method for culturing seedlings.
Background technology
Hair lobe Camellia nitidissima (Camelliapubipetala) is Theaceae Camellia (Camellia)Camellia nitidissima group (Theaceae, Camellia, Sect.ChrysanthaChang) evergreen shrubs orDungarunga, is the peculiar rare or endangered species of Limestone Area, Guangxi, China, its petal, filigree, style andOvary is all close by pubescence, has high ornamental value. Meanwhile, hair lobe Camellia nitidissima is to cultivateThe fine germplasm resources of yellow camellia new varieties, also has important scientific research and is worth. And,At hair lobe Camellia nitidissima, Camellia nitidissima (C.nitidissima), Camellia euphlebia (C.euphlebia)In 8 kinds of Camellia nitidissimas, the tea making suitability of hair lobe Camellia nitidissima is best. In addition hair lobe golden flower,Tea also can be used as a kind of natural food antioxidant or the production for health food, hasPotential value of exploiting and utilizing.
Hair lobe Camellia nitidissima distributed area is very narrow, is only distributed in Southwestern Kwangsi, China Longan and large newThe partial habitat in two counties, the north tropic limestone monsoon rainforest that is born in height above sea level 120～430m. ByDestruction in the mankind to its habitat and to excessively the excavating of resource, its habitat area contracts graduallyLittle, field population quantity falls sharply, and most of population is decline trend, and resource is on the brink of extinction.These species are listed " Guangxi minimum population wild plant register ", " Guangxi the first batch weight at presentPoint protection wild plant register ", " Chinese Precious, Rare, Endangered protective plant register ", " Chinese speciesRed List " and " IUCN species Red List ".
It is prerequisite and the base of its protection and exploitation that hair lobe Camellia nitidissima is bred on a large scalePlinth. Because of hair lobe Camellia nitidissima wild resource rareness, and field setting percentage is very low, adopts seed to enterRow large-scale breeding is also unrealistic. At present, for the breeding of hair lobe Camellia nitidissima mainly with cuttageBreeding is main. But the survival rate of cuttage is lower, be generally 30% left and right. And cuttage is numerousGrow and need more material, 1 cutting need retain 2～3 buds, and the utilization rate of branch greatlyReduce.
In view of this, special proposition the present invention.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the method for a kind of mao of lobe Camellia nitidissima graft seedling growth. The partyThe low problem of survival rate that method exists for existing hair lobe Camellia nitidissima cuttage and seedling culture method, adoptsThe method of sprout stock grafting is to the breeding of growing seedlings of hair lobe Camellia nitidissima, owing to adopting sprout stock to enterRow graft seedling growth, between stock and scion, grafting place is easily healed, and graft survival rate is high.
In order to realize above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, spy by the following technical solutions:
Hair lobe Camellia nitidissima grafting seedlings-growing method, comprises the steps:
Using the bud seedling obtaining after Seed of Camellia oleifera vernalization as stock;
Gather the branch of hair lobe Camellia nitidissima plant as scion;
Through cutting fringe, cutting after anvil, scion is inserted in stock otch, and fixing, complete and transferConnect;
The transplanted seedling tree grafting is grown seedlings to nursery.
In hair lobe Camellia nitidissima grafting seedlings-growing method provided by the invention, utilize Seed of Camellia oleifera vernalizationAfter bud seedling carry out sprout stock grafting as the stock of grafting. Owing to obtaining after Seed of Camellia oleifera vernalizationTo sprout stock and scion between grafting place easily heal, graft survival rate improve.
Because autumn growth growth last year on hair lobe Camellia nitidissima plant is enriched, vitality is strong, is transferringConnect in seedling raising process, collection autumn growth last year carries out grafting do scion and can ensure graft survival rate.
In grafting process, gather the peripheral middle and upper part growth of hair lobe Camellia nitidissima plant tree crown sturdy,Full, disease-free autumn growth last year of axillalry bud is used as scion. Can excessively not lose in order to ensure scionWater, is put in polybag and installs and take back after scion is cut, and the moisturizing of spraying water. As out of office in needCarry out acquired for materialsly outward, branch is positioned over to moisturizing in bubble chamber and transports back.
Preferably, as if described oil tea comprise the large fruit oil tea of Bobai field safflower oil tea or Cenxi softAny one in branch oil tea, is preferably the large fruit oil tea of Bobai.
In grafting seedlings-growing method provided by the invention, comprise Bobai for the Seed of Camellia oleifera of vernalizationAs if any one in large fruit oil tea field safflower oil tea or Cenxi switch oil tea. These three kinds of oilAffinity between sprout stock and scion that tea seed obtains after vernalization is strong, and otch easily heals,Thereby make graft survival rate high, on average up to more than 85%. And, the later stage of graftingGrow also comparatively vigorous, after 9 months, the height of hair lobe Camellia nitidissima grafting can grow to 7.0cmAbove, more than stem slightly can reach 0.21cm.
In above-mentioned three kinds of Seed of Camellia oleiferas, with the bud obtaining after the vernalization of the large fruit Seed of Camellia oleifera of BobaiAffinity between seedling anvil and scion is the strongest, thereby grafting average survival is up to more than 90%.And after the growth of 9 months, the growing state of grafting is also compared with other two kinds of oil teasHave superiority, more than the height of grafting can grow to 12cm, more than stem slightly can reach 0.26cm.
Adopt the sprout stock obtaining after the vernalization of the large fruit Seed of Camellia oleifera of Bobai to carry out grafting except above-mentionedOutside advantage, also there is following advantage:
Because the affinity between sprout stock and the scion of the large fruit oil tea of Bobai is the strongest, therefore removeAdopt the plumule of bud seedling to carry out outside bud grafting, also the radicle of available bud seedling carries out root and connects, stockUtilization ratio also greatly improve. And both graft survival rates are all higher, the one-tenth of bud graftingMotility rate can reach more than 96%, and after the growth of 9 months, the height of grafting can grow toMore than 14cm, more than stem slightly can reach 0.29cm; And the survival rate that root connects can reach 90%Above, after the growth of 9 months, more than the height of grafting can grow to 12cm, stemMore than slightly can reaching 0.26cm.
Seed of Camellia oleifera used can be bought and obtain from market, also can gather in the previous year of graftingThe ripening fruits of oil tea, spreads after adopting back at indoor shady and cool place, dries in the shade 2～3 days, treats tea fruitDehydration and after natural cracking, strip out seed. Select large, substantial full, the color and luster light of particleBright, cultivate as stock without the seed of disease and pest.
Further preferably, when described oil tea is the large fruit oil tea of Bobai, described in cut anvil and specifically wrapDraw together following steps:
When the plumule of bud seedling grows to 8-10cm, when radicle grows to 15-18cm, downward from cotyledon6-8cm place cuts off, and one section that comprises cotyledon is bud grafting stock, and another section is used anvil for root connectsWood;
Bud grafting, is aimed at from top incision from cotyledon top 2-3cm excision top with stockCentral longitudinal partial application, long incision 1.0-1.2cm; Root connects with stock from the downward 6-8cm of incisionPlace cuts off, and aims at central longitudinal partial application, long incision 1.0-1.2cm in upper end incision.
Because the sprout stock of the large fruit oil tea of Bobai had not only carried out bud grafting but also carried out root connecing, in order to ensureThe survival rate that bud grafting and root connect and the growing state in later stage, How to choose stock is extremely important.In grafting seedlings-growing method provided by the invention, treat that the plumule of bud seedling grows to 8-10cm, radicleWhile growing to 15-18cm, plumule and radicle all have higher vitality, are ensureing and scionThe basis of high-affinity on, can greatly improve grafting survival rate.
And bud grafting connects the root that directly affects stock with the cutting position of stock with stock and rootLong, thus graft survival rate is had to remarkable impact. Based on above-mentioned same consideration, thisBright employing is from the bud seedling of downward this section of 6-8cm of cotyledon as bud grafting stock, and employing is cutMouth place this section, downward 6-8cm place bud seedling connects and uses stock as root. Especially institute in the present inventionWith root connect with stock, the unnecessary long and tip of a root of having pruned, has ensured the life of grafting lateral rootLong, nutritional labeling can be delivered in scion as much as possible.
In order to ensure graft survival rate, further preferably, as if when described oil tea be field safflowerWhen oil tea or Cenxi switch oil tea, described in cut anvil and specifically comprise the steps:
In the time that the plumule of bud seedling grows to 5-8cm, from cotyledon top 2-3cm excision top,Aim at central longitudinal partial application, long incision 1.0-1.2cm from top incision.
Preferably, described in, cutting fringe specifically comprises the steps:
Select the axillary-bud or top-bud in scion, below described axillary-bud or top-bud, both sides respectively cut oneCutter, is whittled into wedge shape by lower end, the long 1-1.5cm of bevel;
If with axillalry bud, more described axillalry bud upper end 0.3-0.5cm is cut off;
Scion is whittled into bud one leaf, and blade retains 1/3-1/2.
In grafting seedlings-growing method provided by the invention, only adopt for the scion of sprout stock graftingBud, thus the utilization rate of hair lobe Camellia nitidissima branch greatly improved.
The lower end of the axillary-bud or top-bud in scion is whittled into wedge shape to be ensured between scion and stockThere is large as far as possible contact area, ensure that stock can be delivered to nutritional labeling more to connectIn fringe, promote the growth of scion. Through the discovery that studies for a long period of time, when the bevel at wedge shape two ends longWhen 1-1.5cm, the survival rate of grafting is the highest.
In the process of vernalization, in order to ensure the bud ratio of Seed of Camellia oleifera, preferably, described in urgeBud specifically comprises the steps:
Lay successively rubble, ground floor river sand in bottom, seedbed, the Seed of Camellia oleifera gathering is usedLiquor potassic permanganate is sown in seedbed after soaking, then covers second layer river sand, and keeps educatingSeedbed is moistening.
Between the rubble of seedbed bottommost, space is larger, ensures that seedbed can ponding, is conducive toThe sprouting of Seed of Camellia oleifera. Adopt river sand to do the humidity that vernalization matrix can ensure that germination is required,And there is ventilated feature, thereby provide good condition for the germination of Seed of Camellia oleifera.Described rubble: described ground floor river sand: the ratio of the thickness of described second layer river sand is (1-1.5):4:(2-2.5), when gross thickness is 35-40cm, the germination percentage of Seed of Camellia oleifera is higher, andBe preferably described rubble: described ground floor river sand: the thickness of described second layer river sand itThan being 1:4:2.
Before seed seedling-raising, dissolving the object of soaking with potassium permanganate is to carry out disinfection, height usedThe concentration of potassium manganate solution can be selected 0.5%-0.8%, the height by Seed of Camellia oleifera in this concentrationIn potassium manganate solution, soak 15-20 minute.
After the nursery stock that acquisition grafts, how to cultivate and also can affect graft survival rate and graftingGrowing state. Preferably, described the transplanted seedling tree grafting is grown seedlings to nurserySpecifically comprise the steps:
In nursery, build the shading shed that degree of shading is 85%-90%, by the nursery stock grafting firstTransplant to nutrient bag, then nutrient bag is placed in shading shed, water, and spray bactericidal agent;
Above nutrient bag, set up shed, and covered with plastic film.
At the transplanting initial stage, due to not healing completely between stock and scion, nursery stock is dehydration very easily,Affect grafting survival rate. Consider this point, the present invention extremely hides the nursery stock transplanting graftingArboricity is in the shading shed of 85%-90%, and the moisturizing of covered with plastic film water conservation.
By by the nursery stock transplanting grafting to nutrient bag, ensure that grafting nursery stock can normally give birth toLong, and offer convenience for follow-up field planting. Wherein, the matrix of described nutrient bag by yellow soil,Peat soil and perlite are according to (1-2): (1-2): when volume ratio composition (1-2), transferConnect effect better, the matrix of best is nutrient bag by yellow soil, peat soil and perlite byAccording to the volume ratio composition of 1:1:1.
In yellow soil in nutrient bag, germ and worm's ovum are few, and can increase density of matrix, setNursery stock root; The content of organic matter in peat soil is higher, the sustainable nutrition composition that provides; PreciousZhu Yan, as the conditioning agent in matrix, can improve the water conservation permeability of matrix. Three kinds of componentsActing in conjunction, the survival rate of guarantee grafting nursery stock.
Further preferably, described graft seedling growth also comprises the steps:
While transplanting 25-30 days, remove and sprout and uprooting weed;
While transplanting 60-70 days, practice seedling 4-5 days, after by plastic sheeting complete removal, and everyMoon fertilising 2-3 time, every 10-15 days sprays bactericidal agent and pesticide.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) the invention provides in a kind of hair lobe Camellia nitidissima grafting seedlings-growing method, utilize oil teaBud seedling after presprouting of seeds carries out sprout stock grafting as the stock of grafting, due to Seed of Camellia oleiferaBetween the sprout stock obtaining after vernalization and scion, grafting place is easily healed, and after grafting, survival rate improves.
(2) as if the present invention passes through to select the large fruit oil tea of Bobai field safflower oil tea or Cenxi switchThe seed of oil tea is used for vernalization, the sprout stock that these three kinds of Seed of Camellia oleiferas obtain after vernalization with connectAffinity between fringe is strong, and otch easily heals, thereby makes graft survival rate high, mean heightReach more than 85%. And the late growing stage of grafting is also comparatively vigorous, after 9 months, hairMore than the height of lobe Camellia nitidissima grafting can grow to 7.0cm, more than stem slightly can reach 0.21cm.Wherein, best with the Relationship between Graft Effect of the large fruit oil tea of Bobai, not only graft survival rate and graftingGrowing state best, and carry out bud grafting also available bud except the plumule that adopts bud seedlingThe radicle of seedling carries out root and connects, and has greatly improved the utilization ratio of stock.
(3) in grafting seedlings-growing method provided by the invention, due to connecing for sprout stock graftingFringe only retains a bud, thereby has greatly improved the utilization rate of hair lobe Camellia nitidissima branch.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, embodiment of the present invention are described in detail, but thisThose skilled in the art will be understood that, the following example is only for the present invention is described, and should not lookFor limiting the scope of the invention. Unreceipted actual conditions person in embodiment, according to normal conditionOr the condition of manufacturer's suggestion is carried out. The unreceipted person of production firm of agents useful for same or instrument, allFor the conventional products that can obtain by commercially available purchase.
Embodiment 1
S11: stock is cultivated
As if the stock using the bud seedling obtaining after the presprouting of seeds of field safflower oil tea as grafting.
Seed of Camellia oleifera used can be bought and obtain from market, also can gather in the previous year of graftingThe ripening fruits of oil tea, spreads after adopting back at indoor shady and cool place, dries in the shade 3～4 days, treats tea fruitDehydration and after natural cracking, strip out seed. Select large, substantial full, the color and luster light of particleBright, cultivate as stock without the seed of disease and pest.
S12: grafting
Select scion: select sturdy, the armpit of the hair lobe Camellia nitidissima peripheral middle and upper part growth of plant tree crownBud full, disease-free last year autumn growth as scion, after cutting, be put in and in polybag, install bandReturn, and the moisturizing of spraying water, prepare to carry out grafting. As acquired for materials in carried out in the wild, willBranch is positioned over moisturizing in bubble chamber and transports back.
Through cutting fringe, cutting after anvil, the scion of cutting is inserted in stock otch, fix with aluminium flake,Complete grafting.
S13: the transplanted seedling tree grafting is grown seedlings to nursery.
Embodiment 2
S21: stock is cultivated
Stock using the bud seedling obtaining after the presprouting of seeds of large Bobai fruit oil tea as grafting.
Seed of Camellia oleifera used can be bought and obtain from market, also can gather in the previous year of graftingThe ripening fruits of oil tea, spreads after adopting back at indoor shady and cool place, dries in the shade 2～3 days, treats tea fruitDehydration and after natural cracking, strip out seed. Select large, substantial full, the color and luster light of particleBright, cultivate as stock without the seed of disease and pest.
S22: grafting
Select scion: gather sturdy, the armpit of the hair lobe Camellia nitidissima peripheral middle and upper part growth of plant tree crownBud full, disease-free last year autumn growth as scion, after cutting, be put in and in polybag, install bandReturn, and the moisturizing of spraying water, prepare to carry out grafting. As acquired for materials in carried out in the wild, willBranch is positioned over moisturizing in bubble chamber and transports back.
Cut fringe: select full axillary-bud or top-bud in scion, under described axillary-bud or top-budA cutter is respectively cut in both sides by side, lower end is whittled into wedge shape, the long 1-1.5cm of bevel;
In the time using axillalry bud, then 0.3-0.5cm place, described axillalry bud upper end is cut off;
Scion is whittled into bud one leaf, and blade retains 1/3-1/2.
Cut anvil: when the plumule of bud seedling grows to 8-10cm, when radicle grows to 15-18cm, from sonThe downward 6-8cm of leaf place cuts off, and one section that comprises cotyledon is bud grafting stock, and another section is rootConnect with stock; Bud grafting is excised top with stock from cotyledon top 2-3cm, from top otchCentral longitudinal partial application, long incision 1.0-1.2cm aim in place; Root connects with stock downward from incision6-8cm place cuts off, and aims at central longitudinal partial application, long incision in upper end incision1.0-1.2cm。
The scion of cutting is inserted in stock otch, fix with aluminium flake, complete grafting.
S23: the transplanted seedling tree grafting is grown seedlings to nursery.
Embodiment 3
S31: stock is cultivated
Stock using the bud seedling obtaining after the presprouting of seeds of large Bobai fruit oil tea as grafting. ToolBody comprises:
Seed collection:
The ripening fruits that gathers the large fruit oil tea of Bobai in mid or late November, spreads in chamber after adopting backInterior shady and cool place, dries in the shade 2～3 days, after natural cracking, strips out seed until tea fruit dehydration. ChoosingGo out particle large, enrich full, bright in color, cultivate as stock without the seed of disease and pest.
Vernalization: be built into wide 1～1.2m with common brick, long 12～15m, the seedbed of dark 40～45cm,The rubble of lower berth, seedbed 6cm, repaves the clean river sand of 16cm, large Bobai fruit on rubbleAfter Seed of Camellia oleifera carries out disinfection with 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate immersion 20min, uniform broadcasting existsOn river sand, avoid overlapping accumulation as far as possible, then cover river sand that 10cm is thick on seed. This phaseBetween timely trickle, keep seedbed moistening. In the time that plumule is elongated to 8-10cm, can make budSeedling anvil.
S32: same to S22.
S33: same to S23.
Embodiment 4
S41: same to S31.
S42: same to S32.
S43: grow seedlings
Construction of nursery garden: build degree of shading and be 85% shading shed in nursery.
Bud seedling is planted: the nursery stock grafting is first transplanted to nutrient bag, and cultivation matrix is yellowCubsoil, peat soil and perlite are according to the volume ratio composition of 1:2:2. Nutrient bag is placed in to oneRise, be placed in the shading shed in nursery. Water permeablely, and spray with the carbendazim solution of 800 timesSterilization. Above nutrient bag, set up shed, cover plastic sheeting sealing, moisturizing.
Management after grafting: after planting 25-30 days time, raise film except sprouting, uprooting weed, asFruit overdrying, should spray water, and cover back film moisturizing; 60-70 days time, practice seedling 5d, then completeFilm is removed by portion. After tearing film open, monthly carry out foliage dressing with urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed liquor2～3 times, bactericidal agent of every 15d left and right spray and pesticide, as carbendazim, thiophanate,Rogor etc.
Embodiment 5
S51: stock is cultivated
Stock using the bud seedling obtaining after the presprouting of seeds of large Bobai fruit oil tea as grafting. ToolBody comprises:
Seed collection:
The ripening fruits that gathers the large fruit oil tea of Bobai in mid or late November, spreads in chamber after adopting backInterior shady and cool place, dries in the shade 2～3 days, after natural cracking, strips out seed until tea fruit dehydration. ChoosingGo out particle large, enrich full, bright in color, cultivate as stock without the seed of disease and pest.
Vernalization: be built into wide 1～1.2m with common brick, long 12～15m, the seedbed of dark 40～45cm,The rubble of lower berth, seedbed 5cm, repaves the clean river sand of 20cm, large Bobai fruit on rubbleAfter Seed of Camellia oleifera carries out disinfection with 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate immersion 20min, uniform broadcasting existsOn river sand, avoid overlapping accumulation as far as possible, then cover river sand that 10cm is thick on seed. This phaseBetween timely trickle, keep seedbed moistening. In the time that plumule is elongated to 8-10cm, can make budSeedling anvil.
S52: grafting
Select scion: gather sturdy, the armpit of the hair lobe Camellia nitidissima peripheral middle and upper part growth of plant tree crownBud full, disease-free last year autumn growth as scion, after cutting, be put in and in polybag, install bandReturn, and the moisturizing of spraying water, prepare to carry out grafting. As acquired for materials in carried out in the wild, willBranch is positioned over moisturizing in bubble chamber and transports back.
Cut fringe: select full axillary-bud or top-bud in scion, under described axillary-bud or top-budA cutter is respectively cut in both sides, 0.5cm place by side, and lower end is whittled into wedge shape, and the long 1-1.5cm of bevel, works as useWhen axillalry bud, then 0.3-0.5cm place, described axillalry bud upper end is cut off; Scion is whittled into a bud oneLeaf, blade retains 1/3-1/2.
Cut anvil: when the plumule of bud seedling grows to 8-10cm, when radicle grows to 15-18cm, use ironSpade from digging husky bed, is rinsed bud seedling with clear water well, by bud seedling from the downward 6-8cm of cotyledonPlace cuts off, and one section that comprises cotyledon is bud grafting stock, and another section is used stock for root connects; BudConnect with stock from cotyledon top 2-3cm excision top, from top incision aligning central longitudinalPartial application, long incision 1.0-1.2cm; Root connects uses stock to cut off from the downward 6-8cm of incision,And aim at central longitudinal partial application, long incision 1.0-1.2cm in upper end incision.
The scion of cutting is inserted in the stock otch of cutting, fix with aluminium flake, complete and transferConnect.
S53: grow seedlings
Construction of nursery garden: build degree of shading and be 90% shading shed in nursery.
Bud seedling is planted: the nursery stock grafting is first transplanted to nutrient bag, and cultivation matrix is yellowCubsoil, peat soil and perlite are according to the volume ratio composition of 1:1:1. Nutrient bag is placed in to oneRise, be placed in the shading shed in nursery. Water permeablely, and spray with the carbendazim solution of 800 timesSterilization. Above nutrient bag, set up shed, cover plastic sheeting sealing, moisturizing.
Management after grafting: after planting 25-30 days time, raise film except sprouting, uprooting weed, asFruit overdrying, should spray water, and cover back film moisturizing; 60-70 days time, practice seedling 5d, then completeFilm is removed by portion. After tearing film open, monthly carry out foliage dressing with urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed liquor2～3 times, bactericidal agent of every 15d left and right spray and pesticide, as carbendazim, thiophanate,Rogor etc.
Embodiment 6
S61: stock is cultivated
As if the stock using the bud seedling obtaining after the presprouting of seeds of field safflower oil tea as grafting. ToolBody comprises:
Seed collection:
As if gather the ripening fruits of field safflower oil tea in mid or late November, spread in chamber after adopting backInterior shady and cool place, dries in the shade 3～4 days, after natural cracking, strips out seed until tea fruit dehydration. ChoosingGo out particle large, enrich full, bright in color, cultivate as stock without the seed of disease and pest.
Vernalization: be built into wide 1～1.2m with common brick, long 12～15m, the seedbed of dark 40～45cm,The rubble of lower berth, seedbed 5cm, repaves the clean river sand of 20cm, as if field safflower on rubbleAfter Seed of Camellia oleifera carries out disinfection with 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate immersion 20min, uniform broadcasting existsOn river sand, avoid overlapping accumulation as far as possible, then cover river sand that 10cm is thick on seed. This phaseBetween timely trickle, keep seedbed moistening. In the time that plumule is elongated to 5-8cm, can make bud seedlingAnvil.
S62: grafting
Select scion: gather sturdy, the armpit of the hair lobe Camellia nitidissima peripheral middle and upper part growth of plant tree crownBud full, disease-free last year autumn growth as scion, after cutting, be put in and in polybag, install bandReturn, and the moisturizing of spraying water, prepare to carry out grafting. As acquired for materials in carried out in the wild, willBranch is positioned over moisturizing in bubble chamber and transports back.
Cut fringe: select full axillary-bud or top-bud in scion, under described axillary-bud or top-budA cutter is respectively cut in both sides, 0.5cm place by side, and lower end is whittled into wedge shape, the long 1-1.5cm of bevel, then willThe upper end of described axillary-bud or top-bud is cut disconnected, is whittled into bud one leaf, and blade retains 1/3-1/2.
Cut anvil: in the time that the plumule of bud seedling grows to 5-8cm, excise from cotyledon top 2-3cmTop, aims at central longitudinal partial application, long incision 1.0-1.2cm from top incision.
The scion of cutting is inserted in the stock otch of cutting, fix with aluminium flake, complete and transferConnect.
S63: same to S53.
Embodiment 7
S71: stock is cultivated
Stock using the bud seedling obtaining after the presprouting of seeds of Cenxi switch oil tea as grafting. ToolBody comprises:
Seed collection:
The ripening fruits that gathers Cenxi switch oil tea in mid or late November, spreads in chamber after adopting backInterior shady and cool place, dries in the shade 2～3 days, after natural cracking, strips out seed until tea fruit dehydration. ChoosingGo out particle large, enrich full, bright in color, cultivate as stock without the seed of disease and pest.
All the other steps are with embodiment 6. Do not describe in detail one by one at this.
Comparative example
Hair lobe Camellia nitidissima cuttage and seedling culture method, specifically comprises the steps:
Cuttage was carried out in hot house mid-April. Select robust growth, without disease and pestThe branch of 1 year setation lobe Camellia nitidissima, after cutting, be incorporated with in the polybag of liver moss and water sprayMoisturizing is taken back.
Before cuttage, with 0.5% carbendazim solution, river sand is carried out disinfection, and by the river after sterilizationSand is inserted in slotting machine, and thickness is 20-25cm, waters permeablely, slotting machine is raked with rake.
Branch is cut into the cuttings of length 12-15cm, upper cut straight snips, lower cut is tiltedly cut,The hormone NAA that is 400mg/L by concentration soaks after 8 hours, according to 15cm × 15cmSeeding row spacing insert slotting machine, the cuttage degree of depth is cutting length 1/3rd, after inserting, uses handReal, then water permeablely, and add lid layer shading screen, light transmittance is 15%. Vaporous according to skyCondition is sprayed 2-3 time every day, keeps bed surface soil agent air humidity, in hot and humid conditionUnder, note suitably ventilating.
In embodiment and comparative example, the survival rate of different method for culturing seedlings and growing state are as table 1Shown in.
The each embodiment of table 1 and comparative example graft survival rate and grafting growing state
Result by table 1 can find out, it is right that the result of embodiment 1-embodiment 7 is significantly better thanRatio, illustrates that the graft survival rate of grafting seedlings-growing method provided by the invention is significantly better than traditionCottage method.
And, in order to ensure the survival rate of cuttage, in cuttings, need to retain 2-3 bud, and adoptWhile using graft seedling growth, in scion, only need to retain a bud. Visible, graft seedling growth of the present inventionThe branch utilization rate of method also improves greatly.
Can find out by the result between each embodiment, after the vernalization of the large fruit Seed of Camellia oleifera of BobaiAffinity between sprout stock and the scion obtaining is the strongest, graft survival rate up to 90% and withUpper, after the growth of 9 months, the growing state of grafting also has compared with other two kinds of oil teasAdvantage, more than the height of grafting can grow to 12cm, more than stem slightly can reach 0.26cm.
And because the bud seedling of the large fruit oil tea of Bobai is more sturdy, root system is longer, therefore removesAdopt the plumule of bud seedling to carry out outside bud grafting, also the radicle of available bud seedling carries out root and connects, bothThe graft survival rate obtaining is all higher, and the survival rate of bud grafting can reach 96.7%, and root connectsSurvival rate can reach more than 90%, and the utilization ratio of stock also improves greatly.
Although illustrated and described the present invention with specific embodiment, but it will be appreciated thatIn the situation that not deviating from the spirit and scope of the present invention, can make many other change andAmendment. Therefore, this means in claims and comprise and belonging in the scope of the inventionAll such changes and modifications.
Claims (10)
1. mao lobe Camellia nitidissima grafting seedlings-growing method, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
Using the bud seedling obtaining after Seed of Camellia oleifera vernalization as stock;
Gather the branch of hair lobe Camellia nitidissima plant as scion;
Through cutting fringe, cutting after anvil, scion is inserted in stock otch, and fixing, complete and transferConnect;
The described transplanted seedling tree grafting is grown seedlings to nursery.
2. according to claim 1 mao of lobe Camellia nitidissima grafting seedlings-growing method, its feature existsIn, as if described oil tea comprises in the large fruit oil tea of Bobai field safflower oil tea or Cenxi switch oil teaAny one, be preferably the large fruit oil tea of Bobai.
3. according to claim 2 mao of lobe Camellia nitidissima grafting seedlings-growing method, its feature existsIn, as if when described oil tea is field safflower oil tea or Cenxi switch oil tea, described in cut anvil and specifically wrapDraw together following steps:
In the time that the plumule of bud seedling grows to 5-8cm, from cotyledon top 2-3cm excision top,Aim at central longitudinal partial application, long incision 1.0-1.2cm from top incision.
4. according to claim 2 mao of lobe Camellia nitidissima grafting seedlings-growing method, its feature existsIn, when described oil tea is the large fruit oil tea of Bobai, described in cut anvil and specifically comprise the steps:
When the plumule of bud seedling grows to 8-10cm, when radicle grows to 15-18cm, downward from cotyledon6-8cm place cuts off, and one section that comprises cotyledon is bud grafting stock, and another section is used anvil for root connectsWood;
Bud grafting, is aimed at from top incision from cotyledon top 2-3cm excision top with stockCentral longitudinal partial application, long incision 1.0-1.2cm; Root connects with stock from the downward 6-8cm of incisionPlace cuts off, and aims at central longitudinal partial application, long incision 1.0-1.2cm in upper end incision.
5. according to claim 1 mao of lobe Camellia nitidissima grafting seedlings-growing method, its feature existsIn, described in cut fringe and specifically comprise the steps:
Select the axillary-bud or top-bud in scion, below described axillary-bud or top-bud, both sides respectively cut oneCutter, is whittled into wedge shape by lower end, the long 1-1.5cm of bevel; If with axillalry bud, again by described armpitBud upper end 0.3-0.5cm cuts off;
Scion is whittled into bud one leaf, and blade retains 1/3-1/2.
6. according to claim 1 mao of lobe Camellia nitidissima grafting seedlings-growing method, its feature existsIn, described vernalization specifically comprises the steps:
Lay successively rubble, ground floor river sand in bottom, seedbed, the Seed of Camellia oleifera gathering is usedLiquor potassic permanganate is sown in seedbed after soaking, then covers second layer river sand, and keeps educatingSeedbed is moistening.
7. according to claim 6 mao of lobe Camellia nitidissima grafting seedlings-growing method, its feature existsIn, the ratio of the thickness of described rubble, described ground floor river sand, described second layer river sand is(1-1.5): 4:(2-2.5), gross thickness is 35-40cm.
8. according to claim 1 mao of lobe Camellia nitidissima grafting seedlings-growing method, its feature existsIn, described the transplanted seedling tree grafting is specifically comprised the steps: to growing seedlings in nursery
In nursery, build the shading shed that degree of shading is 85%-90%, by the nursery stock grafting firstTransplant to nutrient bag, then nutrient bag is placed in shading shed, water, and spray bactericidal agent;
Above nutrient bag, set up shed, and covered with plastic film.
9. according to claim 8 mao of lobe Camellia nitidissima grafting seedlings-growing method, its feature existsIn, the matrix of described nutrient bag by yellow soil, peat soil and perlite according to (1-2): (1-2):(1-2) volume ratio composition.
10. according to claim 8 mao of lobe Camellia nitidissima grafting seedlings-growing method, its featureBe, described graft seedling growth also comprises the steps:
While transplanting 25-30 days, remove and sprout and uprooting weed;
While transplanting 60-70 days, practice seedling 4-5 days, after by plastic sheeting complete removal, and everyMoon fertilising 2-3 time, every 10-15 days sprays bactericidal agent and pesticide.
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