CN105165414A - Seedling raising method for eggplants and tomatoes by grafting - Google Patents
Seedling raising method for eggplants and tomatoes by grafting Download PDFInfo
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- CN105165414A CN105165414A CN201510414372.3A CN201510414372A CN105165414A CN 105165414 A CN105165414 A CN 105165414A CN 201510414372 A CN201510414372 A CN 201510414372A CN 105165414 A CN105165414 A CN 105165414A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a seedling raising method for eggplants and tomatoes by grafting, belonging to the technology of agricultural production. The method in the invention uses a plastic hose with one cracked side to substitute a clamp so as to fix a rootstock and a scion, wherein the plastic hose has a certain degree of flexibility, and two hose specifications with diameters of 2mm and 2.5mm can be chosen to use according to the diameter of a seedling. The seedling raising method for the eggplants and the tomatoes by grafting provided by the invention has the following advantages: a sleeving grafting method has the advantages of rapid operation speed, simplicity, convenience, high efficiency and good grafting and fixing effects; due to protection of the sleeving, the method can effectively maintain water content around a grafting joint and prevent invasion of pathogenic bacteria, is beneficial for wound healing and improves grafting survival rate; meanwhile, occupied land area is less; time and labor are saved; and production cost is low.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agriculture production technology, particularly eggplant, Tomato Grafting seedling-cultivating method.
Background technology
Eggplant, tomato are that In Guangzhou Area cultivated area is comparatively large, and good in economic efficiency vegetables, long-term cultivated area reaches more than 30,000 mu.But in recent years, due to many reasons, cause the soil-borne disease morbidities such as the Phomopisis vexans of eggplant, bacterial wilt and bacterial wilt of tomato comparatively serious, usually cause the significantly underproduction even to lose receipts, economic loss is large, the enthusiasm of serious blow peasant planting.These disadvantageous restriction factors mainly contain: the arable land in (1) Guangzhou is few, and cropping index is high, and the time of crop rotation is short, and soil-borne disease very easily occurs; (2) planting scale little and dispersion, in the peasant household of plantation, there are 6 Cheng Duo peasant households oneself to buy planting seed seedling grow, only buy seedling plantation less than the peasant household of 4 one-tenth to professional grow seedlings of vegetable field, which results in seed seedling sterilization not thorough, the final large area causing disease occurs; (3) extreme weather such as In Guangzhou Area high temperature and rainy is many, and the damage by disease and insect incidence thereupon brought is also higher.For overcoming these difficult problems, except selecting disease-resistant kind, outside enhancement of field management, adopted that graft technology prevents and treats eggplant, the soil-borne disease of tomato also achieves better effects in recent years.Test shows, using graft technology, can significantly improve the ability of eggplant, soil-borne disease such as tomato opposing Phomopisis vexans, bacterial wilt etc., improve the availability to fertilizer simultaneously, extend picking time, make output increase by more than 30%, remarkable in economical benefits.
The paractical research of solanaceous vegetables graft technology be it is investigated and started from the seventies in last century in China.Last century is in the nineties, some seeds company of our province is the defect solving certain own solanaceous vegetables variety resistance, adopt graft technology, in conjunction with the grafting popularizing planting that stock seed carries out after a while, but all fail to be used widely, it is many-sided for analyzing its reason, one of them be adopt traditional graft technology, clip is adopted to fix by cleft graft and inarching method, the speed that operates is slow, high to skilled operation range request, human cost is higher simultaneously, cause skilled operation skilled worker few, grafting finished product is few, seedling valency is high, the market competitiveness is weak.
The method that cleft graft is current domestic eggplant, the grafting of tomato generally adopts.The method is carried out when seedling grows to 5-6 sheet true leaf.The stem of stock and scion does not slightly require in the same size, but stock is larger than scion.During grafting, stock stays 1-2 sheet true leaf, cuts away upper part by blade planar, locates partial application vertically downward in the center, young stem top stayed, about 1 centimetre dark, scion stays two leaves wholeheartedly, and be whittled into double inclined plane (wedge shape), inclined-plane is about 1 centimeter length, gradient is 30 degree, the scion of cutting is inserted in the otch of stock, makes both tight connectings, then fix with Grafting clip.The method graft survival rate higher (about 80%), and during grafting, seedling is comparatively large, and joint position is higher, can avoid the contact of grafting mouth soil preferably, reduces the generation of soil-borne disease.But complicated operation, speed is slow, Hua Gongduo, and benefit is lower, easily damages grafting when Grafting clip is fixed, and the place taken is comparatively large, the nursery of not too suitable extensive seedling field and long-distance transport.
Summary of the invention
In recent years, In Guangzhou Area and even Guangdong Province's eggplant, tomato planting area are comparatively large, and the proportion that the farming area of the grain and oil crops such as paddy rice accounts for reduces rapidly, solanaceous vegetables can crop rotation shorter for interval time, soil-borne disease occurs serious.In this situation, because eggplant, Tomato Grafting seedling disease resistance are strong, expanded plantation rapidly.But cleft graft due to grafting benefit low, production cost is high, is difficult to meet the demand to grafting of producing.The present invention's sleeve pipe replaces clip to fix stock and good effect is played in scion, and it brings up to 90-95% the survival rate of grafting from 80%, and grafting speed is fast, and labor productivity also improves more than 87.5%, meets eggplant, tomato planting to the demand of grafting.
Technical solution of the present invention is:
(1) grafting method
1, the more difficult germination of the seed of presoaking and germinating eggplant rootstock, bud rate is also lower, need before sowing to carry out seed-soaking process, method is: seed clean water is clean, and 920 solution then putting into 10,000 times are soaked seed 30 minutes, pick up and rinse well, 24 hours are soaked again with clear water, then be placed on vernalization under 25-30 DEG C of condition, every day rinses one time with clear water and drains away the water, and sows after within 6-8 days, seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally again.Tomato stock more easily germinates, by common tomato sowing process.
2, the seed sprouting of sowing time eggplant rootstock is slow, and one by one, and seedling growth is comparatively slow for germination rate, and therefore the sowing time is more suitable than scion in advance, than scion early sowing 20 days during hot air heating in autumn in summer, than scion early sowing 30-40 days time being cold in Winter-Spring; Tomato stock germinates comparatively easy, than tomato scion early sowing 5-7 days.
3, type of seeding eggplant rootstock seed is first broadcast on seedbed.Sterilization is carried out before nursery, every cubic metre of matrix adds carbendazim 100-150 gram, 150 grams, chlorophos, mix thoroughly and rake, then will the stock seed of bud have been urged to be sown on seedbed equably, then covered seed with tiny nutrient matrix, drenched once permeable, keep matrix moistening before emerging, move into again on nutrition cup or seedling-cultivating tray when seedling grows to 3 true leaves in batches.Eggplant scion nursery according to a conventional method.The stock of tomato and scion are all directly broadcast on seedling-cultivating tray.
4, sharp blade is selected in the preparation of grafting tool, and length 10mm, internal diameter are the plastic flexible pipe of 2mm or 2.5mm side cracking, with the alcohol disinfection of 75% before grafting.
5, grafting method is best grafting time when 4-5 sheet true leaf, plant height 10cm, the thick 2-2.5mm of stem are grown in stock and scion.Within before grafting 5-7 days, carry out control water to scion seedling, make it at noon slightly in wilted condition, rootstock seedling irrigation amount also will suitably reduce, but the wilting degree of rootstock seedling is lighter than scion, through such process, during grafting, scion wilting degree is lighter, recover fast, survival rate is high, not easily excessive growth.During grafting, first is 30 jiaos of oblique partial applications at stock 6-7cm place, and the top of rootstock seedling is cut, the half of sleeve pipe is enclosed within stock, then in the same way the growing point part of scion is cut again, long 3cm, again the sleeve pipe other end is inserted in scion, make stock and scion and otch be close to one piece.The tpn 800 of the complete rear use 75% of grafting doubly sprays grafting mouth, prevents the infection of disease.
For ensureing the quality of grafting, to note during grafting following some: (1) will carry out the sterilization of grafting tool, selects anosis plant and does grafting, prevent operation of carrying disease germs.(2) select the slightly close stock of stem and scion to do grafting as far as possible; (3) during grafting, the bevel of stock and scion otch is smooth, and otch will closely be affixed.
(2) management after grafting
Management after grafting is the key of grafting success or not, must carry out following some:
1, manufacture high humidity environment, promote the healing of wound.After grafting in 3 days, relative moisture will keep more than 95%, and humidity will be sprayed moisturizing not, and temperature preferably controls at about 25-30 DEG C, without the need to illumination.Grafting is put into Small plastic shed, covers thin film, then in upper cover the sunshade net of black, shading moisturizing.Strengthen management, summer temperature is too high, will pull on water-band and drip cooling on Small plastic shed.
2, progressively ventilation, increases illumination, prevents the generation of disease.From the 4th after grafting day, open film ventilation, reduce humidity, the time started can not be oversize, progressively increases ventilation time later, within after grafting 10 days, just can throw off completely.Sunshade net also will progressively be thrown off, but paces 2-3 days slower in film, during beginning, light is seen in both sides sooner or later, then progressively increases, until remove sunshade net gradually.
3, after grafting two weeks, grafting mouth heals substantially, and at this moment film and sunshade net are thrown off completely, rejects the grafting of dead in scion, destroys the lateral bud surviving and grafting stock is sprouted, and sprays the generation of 1 bactericidal agent for preventing and treating disease simultaneously.
4, within after field planting grafting the 25th day, rise, during the good scion of wound healing long 2-3 sheet young leaves, will field planting in time, be sure not during field planting to allow earth lid cross grafting mouth.
The plastic flexible pipe that the present invention adopts side to ftracture replaces clip to fix stock and scion, plays the effect of moisturizing diseases prevention simultaneously.Flexible pipe has certain elasticity, according to the diameter of seedling, diameter can be selected to be 2mm or 2.5mm two kinds of specifications, and grafting fixed effect is good, does not damage grafting time fixing.
Advantage of the present invention is that sleeve pipe grafting service speed is fast, simple and effective; grafting fixed effect is good; take up an area few; time saving and energy saving; production cost is low, owing to there being the protection of sleeve pipe, effectively can keep the moisture around interface and the intrusion stoping pathogen; be beneficial to the healing of wound, improve graft survival rate.Splitting in the side of plastic bushing, has certain elasticity, can along with the growth of plant, and natural aging is dropped, without artificial removal.Because production efficiency is high, a large amount of grafting plant supply market can be produced at short notice, be suitable for applying at large-scale nursery, have a good application prospect.
Embodiment
Embodiment one
In the Zhong Luotan town, Miao Changweiwo district in the base, the West Lake at my center, river Gao Zhen, Renhe Town, Taihe county town cultivate 50000 strain grafted eggplants altogether, and do stock with this locality thorn eggplant, the red eggplant in No. 2, Changfeng is cooked scion.Seed-soaking process has been carried out before eggplant rootstock sowing, method is: by clean for seed clean water, then 920 solution putting into 10,000 times are soaked seed 30 minutes, pick up and rinse well, then soak 24 hours with clear water, then vernalization under 25-30 DEG C of condition is placed on, every day rinses one time with clear water and drains away the water, the 6th day after seed 50% shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally uniform broadcasting to the seedbed disinfected, then with tiny nutrient matrix cover seed, drench once permeable, before emerging, matrix all keeps moistening.Nursery sterilization method is: every cubic metre of matrix adds carbendazim 100 grams, and 150 grams, chlorophos, then mixes thoroughly and rake.After planting the 28 to 31 day seedling grows to 3 true leaves and is transplanted on seedling-cultivating tray in batches.Stock scion in after planting the 20th day is sowed; 38th day scion seedling long have during 3-4 sheet true leaf drought stress is carried out to it, make it at noon slightly in wilted condition, rootstock seedling irrigation amount also suitably reduces, but its wilting degree is lighter than scion; 44th day, start grafting when stock and scion grow to thick about the 2.5mm of 4-5 sheet true leaf, plant height 10cm, stem.During grafting sharp cutter with length 10mm, internal diameter be 2.5mm side cracking plastic flexible pipe carry out sleeve pipe grafting, blade with 75% alcohol disinfection.Select anosis, that stem is slightly close stock and grafting is done in scion.First is 30 jiaos of oblique partial applications at stock 6-7cm place, the top of rootstock seedling is cut, is enclosed within stock by the half of sleeve pipe, then in the same way the growing point part of scion is cut again, long about 3cm, then the sleeve pipe other end is inserted in scion, make stock and scion and otch be close to one piece.The tpn 800 of the complete rear use 75% of grafting doubly sprays grafting mouth, prevents the infection of disease.Grafting has shared 5 day time, and 6 workmans participate in, grafting for each person every day 2000 young plant.In first 3 days after grafting, full shading, putting into Small plastic shed grafting seedling, covering thin film, then in upper cover the sunshade net of black, shading moisturizing.Make relative moisture in Small plastic shed keep more than 95%, humidity not enough sprayer spraying moisturizing, temperature controls at about 25-30 DEG C, drips and cooling falls in boiling water curtain when temperature is too high by water-band on Small plastic shed.Within the 4th day after grafting, rise, progressively open film ventilation, reduce humidity, time started short point, 1-2 hour, progressively increases ventilation time later, film is thrown off completely in 10 days after grafting.Identical with film process, sunshade net is also progressively throw off, but paces 2-3 days slower in film, during beginning, light is seen in both sides sooner or later, then progressively increases, until remove sunshade net gradually.After grafting two weeks, grafting mouth heals substantially, film and sunshade net is thrown off completely, rejects the grafting of dead in scion, destroy the lateral bud surviving and grafting stock is sprouted, spray the generation of tpn 800 times of liquid bactericidal agent for preventing and treating diseases of 1 time 75% simultaneously.The survival rate of this batch of eggplant reaches 91.1%.Within after grafting the 25th day, rise, when scion grows two panels young leaves, be transported to peasant household's field field planting in batches.Plantation is behind land for growing field crops, and the grafting guinea squash average yield per mu of 70 mu reaches 7263kg.Wherein have 3 family peasant household taproot seedlings to compare, the sick rate that grafting Phomopisis vexans is sent out on average reduces by 18.3%, and output increases by 28.8%.
Embodiment two
In the Renhe Town, Miao Changweiwo district in the base, the West Lake at my center, Taihe county town, Gao Zhen, Zhong Luotan town, river cultivate 86000 strain Tomato Grafting seedlings altogether.Do stock with relative by marriage, Darwin tomato is cooked scion.Tomato stock more easily germinates, and by common tomato sowing process, stock was than scion early sowing 5 days.The stock of tomato and scion are all directly broadcast on seedling-cultivating tray.First stock is seeded into seedling dish, cave one strain.Sowing scion in 5th day, cave 3 strain.Within 27 to 32 day, carry out grafting, adopt the sleeve pipe grafting of embodiment one, arrange 8 workmans to participate in altogether, grafting for each person every day 2200 young plant.Management after grafting is identical with Grafted Eggplant, timely ventilation, and the graft survival rate of this batch of tomato has reached 92.6%.Seedling was transported to Cotton Varieties by Small Farming Households in 44th day, amount to plantation 43 mu.After field planting to land for growing field crops, comprehensive each peasant household reports the developments, tomato height resistance to bacterial wilt after grafting, 3 family taproot seedlings wherein compare, and the bacterial wilt incidence of disease is 2.81%, and comparatively contrast 31.6% significantly reduces 91.1%, average yield reaches 5206kg, and the 3632kg comparatively contrasted has increased production 43.34%.
Claims (1)
1. eggplant, Tomato Grafting seedling-cultivating method, is characterized in that
(1) grafting method
A, presoaking and germinating
By clean for the seed clean water of eggplant rootstock, then 920 solution putting into 10,000 times are soaked seed 30 minutes, pick up and rinse well, 24 hours are soaked again with clear water, then vernalization under 25-30 DEG C of condition is placed on, every day rinses one time with clear water and drains away the water, and sows after within 6-8 days, seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally again; The seed of tomato stock is by common tomato sowing process;
The planting seed time of b, sowing time eggplant rootstock shifts to an earlier date, than eggplant scion early sowing 20 days during hot air heating in autumn in summer, than eggplant scion early sowing 30-40 days time being cold in Winter-Spring than eggplant scion; Tomato stock is than tomato scion early sowing 5-7 days;
C, type of seeding eggplant rootstock seed are first broadcast on seedbed, sterilization is carried out before nursery, every cubic metre of matrix adds carbendazim 100-150 gram, and 150 grams, chlorophos, mixes thoroughly and rake, then will the stock seed of bud have been urged to be sown in equably on seedbed, cover seed with tiny nutrient matrix again, drench once permeable, before emerging, keep matrix moistening, move into again on nutrition cup or seedling-cultivating tray when seedling grows to 3 true leaves, eggplant scion nursery according to a conventional method in batches; The stock of tomato and scion directly broadcast on seedling-cultivating tray;
The preparation of d, grafting tool selects sharp blade and length 10mm, internal diameter to be the plastic flexible pipe ftractureed in 2mm or 2.5mm side, with the alcohol disinfection of 75% before grafting;
E, grafting method carry out grafting when the thick 2.5mm of 4-5 sheet true leaf, plant height 10cm, stem is grown in the stock of eggplant and tomato and scion, within before grafting 5-7 days, carry out control water to scion seedling, make it at noon slightly in wilted condition; During grafting, first is 30 jiaos of oblique partial applications at stock 6-7cm place, the top of rootstock seedling is cut, the half of sleeve pipe is enclosed within stock, then in the same way the growing point part of scion is cut again, long about 3cm, again the sleeve pipe other end is inserted in scion, make stock and scion and otch be close to one piece, the tpn 800 of the complete rear use 75% of grafting doubly sprays grafting mouth, prevents the infection of disease;
(2) management after grafting
After a, grafting in 3 days, relative moisture keeps more than 95%, and humidity will be sprayed moisturizing not, and temperature controls, at about 25-30 DEG C, without the need to illumination, grafting to be put into Small plastic shed, cover thin film, then in upper cover the sunshade net of black, shading moisturizing;
B, from the 4th after grafting day, film ventilation be opened, reduce humidity, progressively increase ventilation time, within after grafting 10 days, throw off film completely; Sunshade net also will progressively be thrown off, but time 2-3 days slower in film, during beginning, light is seen in both sides sooner or later, then progressively increases and sees light, until remove sunshade net gradually;
After c, grafting two weeks, grafting mouth heals substantially, rejects the grafting of dead in scion, destroys the lateral bud surviving and grafting stock is sprouted, and sprays the generation of 1 bactericidal agent for preventing and treating disease simultaneously;
D, field planting grafting rise for the 25th day after grafting, and during the good and long 2-3 sheet young leaves of wound healing, timely field planting, is sure not during field planting to allow earth lid cross grafting mouth.
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105706727A (en) * | 2016-03-21 | 2016-06-29 | 杭州市农业科学研究院 | High-efficiency cultivation method of grafted Hangzhou eggplant in mountainous region |
| CN105766397A (en) * | 2016-05-08 | 2016-07-20 | 宁夏天瑞产业集团现代农业有限公司 | Tomato seedling grafting technology and management method thereof |
| CN106982650A (en) * | 2017-03-06 | 2017-07-28 | 漳州城市职业学院 | A kind of solanaceous vegetables graft survival rate of improving cuts method |
| CN107125030A (en) * | 2017-05-11 | 2017-09-05 | 佛山市农业科学研究所 | A kind of eggplant rootstock grafting guinea squash, capsicum and the engrafting and cultivating method of tomato |
| CN107493993A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2017-12-22 | 百色阳生农业开发有限公司 | A kind of Tomato Grafting method for culturing seedlings |
| CN109006233A (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2018-12-18 | 桂林市蔬菜研究所 | It is a kind of for grafting the tomato-tree cultivating method of the nontoxic polygerm of scion |
| CN110800490A (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-02-18 | 山东农业大学 | Application of cold plasma treatment in promoting survival and growth of grafted tomatoes |
| CN111386985A (en) * | 2020-04-14 | 2020-07-10 | 盐城海升现代农业科技有限公司 | Method for grafting and raising cotyledon-free small-age tomato |
| CN114431038A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-05-06 | 河南农业大学 | Root division research device for different functional root systems of wheat and test arrangement method |
| CN115443821A (en) * | 2022-10-28 | 2022-12-09 | 宿迁市设施园艺研究院 | Intensive grafting seedling method for medlar tomatoes |
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105706727A (en) * | 2016-03-21 | 2016-06-29 | 杭州市农业科学研究院 | High-efficiency cultivation method of grafted Hangzhou eggplant in mountainous region |
| CN105706727B (en) * | 2016-03-21 | 2018-10-26 | 杭州市农业科学研究院 | A kind of mountainous region efficient cultivation method of grafting Hangzhoupro eggplant |
| CN105766397A (en) * | 2016-05-08 | 2016-07-20 | 宁夏天瑞产业集团现代农业有限公司 | Tomato seedling grafting technology and management method thereof |
| CN106982650A (en) * | 2017-03-06 | 2017-07-28 | 漳州城市职业学院 | A kind of solanaceous vegetables graft survival rate of improving cuts method |
| CN107125030A (en) * | 2017-05-11 | 2017-09-05 | 佛山市农业科学研究所 | A kind of eggplant rootstock grafting guinea squash, capsicum and the engrafting and cultivating method of tomato |
| CN107493993A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2017-12-22 | 百色阳生农业开发有限公司 | A kind of Tomato Grafting method for culturing seedlings |
| CN109006233A (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2018-12-18 | 桂林市蔬菜研究所 | It is a kind of for grafting the tomato-tree cultivating method of the nontoxic polygerm of scion |
| CN110800490A (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2020-02-18 | 山东农业大学 | Application of cold plasma treatment in promoting survival and growth of grafted tomatoes |
| CN111386985A (en) * | 2020-04-14 | 2020-07-10 | 盐城海升现代农业科技有限公司 | Method for grafting and raising cotyledon-free small-age tomato |
| CN114431038A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-05-06 | 河南农业大学 | Root division research device for different functional root systems of wheat and test arrangement method |
| CN115443821A (en) * | 2022-10-28 | 2022-12-09 | 宿迁市设施园艺研究院 | Intensive grafting seedling method for medlar tomatoes |
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Application publication date: 20151223 |