CN106049101A - 一种海藻无纺布常温快速浸染及增强防紫外线性能的方法 - Google Patents
一种海藻无纺布常温快速浸染及增强防紫外线性能的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种海藻无纺布快速浸染及增强防紫外线性能的方法,特别是利用酞菁铜颜料对海藻无纺布快速浸染及增强防紫外线性能的方法,属于纺织印染技术领域。本发明利用阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基氯化铵制备出在水中稳定分散的细小酞菁铜颜料,实现对海藻无纺布常温快速浸染染色,同时能明显降低紫外光透过率,显著提高无纺布的紫外防护系数UPF,从而使海藻无纺布的防紫外线性能明显增强。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种海藻无纺布常温快速浸染及增强防紫外线性能的方法,特别是利用酞菁铜颜料对海藻无纺布快速浸染及增强防紫外线性能的方法,属于纺织印染技术领域。
背景技术
海藻纤维是以海藻植物中分离出的海藻酸为原料制成的纤维,其产品具有良好的生物相容性、高吸湿性、高亲肤性、防辐射、防紫外线、抗静电、本质阻燃、抗菌除臭、可降解吸收等特殊功能,而且资源非常丰富。海藻纤维的生产过程是一个典型的湿法纺丝过程,首先,海藻酸钠溶解在水中形成粘稠的纺丝溶解,经过脱泡、过滤后挤入氯化钙等的水溶液。由于凝固液中的离子与纺丝液中钠离子的交换,使不溶于水的海藻酸钠以丝条的形式沉淀后得到初生纤维,再经过拉伸、水洗、干燥、卷绕等加工后得到海藻纤维。海藻纤维粗细均匀,纵向表面有沟槽,横向截面呈不规则锯齿状。海藻纤维作为一种新型生物质再生纤维已广泛应用于医药、纺织、印染、食品、造纸、废水处理等领域,具有巨大的发展潜力。目前,许多海藻纤维制品都是以无纺布的形态呈现,它是一种不需要纺纱织布而形成的织物,只需将海藻短纤维或者长丝进行定向或随机排列,形成纤网结构,然后采用机械、热粘或化学等方法加固而成。
海藻纤维织物可用活性、直接等染料进行浸染染色,但染色温度较高,染色时间长,对纤维的损伤也较大。刘杰等曾用Drimarene K型活性染料上染海藻纤维并得出优化工艺条件:染料用量1% (omf),CaCl2用量1.0 g/L,70℃固色40 min,pH为7,在此条件下海藻纤维的强力损失仍超过30%。发明专利CN 103981744 A公开了一种利用直接染料对海藻酸钙纤维无盐染色方法,该方法需要首先对海藻纤维进行硫酸铝预处理,再用直接染料在70-90℃温度下浸染30-60min。
颜料也是一种着色物质,但其性质与染料存在明显差异。发明专利CN 103556301A公开了一种纳米颜料对海藻纤维原液着色的方法,取一定量的超细水性纳米颜料加入到海藻纤维纺丝原液中,通过湿法纺丝法制备出着色的海藻纤维。该发明制备纳米颜料所用的分散剂为数均分子量为2000-8000的含有羧基的聚合物分散剂,所用润湿剂为阴离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂中的一种。除原液着色外,利用颜料对海藻纤维织物进行浸染染色的方法则未见报道。
发明内容
本发明利用经过适当阳离子改性的非水溶性酞菁铜颜料在常温下对海藻无纺布进行快速浸染染色,可以在较短时间内完成染色过程,染色效率高,而且由于酞菁铜颜料在海藻无纺布上沉积充分,可以显著提高海藻无纺布的防紫外线性能。
本发明包括以下工艺:
(1)配制酞菁铜颜料分散液,在水中加入占颜料质量百分数为15%的十六烷基三甲基氯化铵并充分搅拌溶解,然后加入酞菁铜颜料,其质量占水质量的20%,充分搅拌后置于超声粉碎机中处理60min;
(2)配制酞菁铜颜料染色液并对海藻无纺布进行浸染染色,在水中加入上述分散液,使酞菁铜质量占待染色海藻无纺布质量的0.2-3%,将海藻无纺布放入,调整染色浴比为10:1,于30℃上染5-10min;最后,将染色后海藻无纺布脱水并于60℃下烘干。
酞菁铜颜料疏水性很强,不溶于水,必须借助表面活性剂才能分散于水溶液中并形成稳定悬浮液。本发明所用表面活性剂为阳离子型的十六烷基三甲基氯化铵,在水相中可以快速吸附至颜料表面使其带一定数量正电荷,通过双电层排斥作用加速颜料颗粒粉碎和促进悬浮稳定。另外,由于海藻纤维带大量的负电荷,带正电的酞菁铜颜料颗粒可以在常温下快速通过边界层而上染至纤维,实现快速浸染染色,能够最大程度减少纤维溶胀和对纤维的损伤。十六烷基三甲基氯化铵的用量占颜料的质量百分数为15%时有最佳的分散和染色性能。加入颜料的质量为水质量的20%,小于该值导致分散液中颜料有效浓度低,而高于此值则会导致体系粘度等明显变化而使分散效果变差。将充分混合的分散液在常规的超声粉碎机下处理60min,可使颜料的粒径显著减小,也有利于颜料快速上染到海藻纤维上。染色时,当颜料用量较低时,只需5min就可在30℃上染完毕,当颜料用量较高时,适当延长染色时间至10min就可在30℃完成染色,实现对海藻无纺布的常温快速浸染。由于浸染温度低、时间短,海藻纤维溶胀程度较小,细小的阳离子化酞菁铜颜料可以更好的沉积到海藻无纺布纤维之间的空隙中,可以显著减少紫外光线的透射率,提高织物的紫外防护指数,增强织物的抗紫外线能力。相反,如果在较高温度下长染色时间,海藻纤维的剧烈溶胀将阻碍颜料在纤维间的沉积填充,处理效果较差。此外,如果需要颜料在无纺布表面产生一定牢度,则可采用常规的黏合剂对其处理,提高颜料与海藻无纺布表面的结合强度。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例进一步说明本发明。
实施例1
(1)配制酞菁铜颜料分散液,在水中加入占颜料质量百分数为15%的十六烷基三甲基氯化铵并充分搅拌溶解,然后加入酞菁铜颜料,其质量占水质量的20%,充分搅拌后置于超声粉碎机中处理60min;
(2)配制酞菁铜颜料染色液并对海藻无纺布进行浸染染色,在水中加入上述分散液,使酞菁铜质量占待染色海藻无纺布质量的0.2%,将海藻无纺布放入,调整染色浴比为10:1,于30℃上染5min;将染色后海藻无纺布脱水并于60℃下烘干。
经测定,未染色海藻无纺布的紫外透射率T(UVA)、T(UVB)为23.37%、17.04%,紫外防护系数UPF为5.53,经上述0.2%酞菁铜颜料快速浸染后海藻无纺布的紫外透射率T(UVA)、T(UVB)降为2.24%、1.39%,紫外防护系数UPF增至74.28。
实施例2
(1)配制酞菁铜颜料分散液,在水中加入占颜料质量百分数为15%的十六烷基三甲基氯化铵并充分搅拌溶解,然后加入酞菁铜颜料,其质量占水质量的20%,充分搅拌后置于超声粉碎机中处理60min;
(2)配制酞菁铜颜料染色液并对海藻无纺布进行浸染染色,在水中加入上述分散液,使酞菁铜质量占待染色海藻无纺布质量的1%,将海藻无纺布放入,调整染色浴比为10:1,于30℃上染8min;将染色后海藻无纺布脱水并于60℃下烘干。
经测定,未染色海藻无纺布的紫外透射率T(UVA)、T(UVB)为23.37%、17.04%,紫外防护系数UPF为5.53,经上述1%酞菁铜颜料快速染色后的海藻无纺布的紫外透射率T(UVA)、T(UVB)降为0.48%、0.35%,紫外防护系数UPF增至310.95。
实施例3
(1)配制酞菁铜颜料分散液,在水中加入占颜料质量百分数为15%的十六烷基三甲基氯化铵并充分搅拌溶解,然后加入酞菁铜颜料,其质量占水质量的20%,充分搅拌后置于超声粉碎机中处理60min;
(2)配制酞菁铜颜料染色液并对海藻无纺布进行浸染染色,在水中加入上述分散液,使酞菁铜质量占待染色海藻无纺布质量的3%,将海藻无纺布放入,调整染色浴比为10:1,于30℃上染10min;将染色后海藻无纺布脱水并于60℃下烘干。
经测定,未染色海藻无纺布的紫外透射率T(UVA)、T(UVB)为23.37%、17.04%,紫外防护系数UPF为5.53,经上述3%酞菁铜颜料快速染色后的海藻无纺布的紫外透射率T(UVA)、T(UVB)降为0.08%、0.06%,紫外防护系数UPF增至500。
Claims (1)
1.一种海藻无纺布快速浸染及增强防紫外线性能的方法,其特征在于采用以下工艺:
(1)配制酞菁铜颜料分散液,在水中加入占颜料质量百分数为15%的十六烷基三甲基氯化铵并充分搅拌溶解,然后加入酞菁铜颜料,其质量占水质量的20%,充分搅拌后置于超声粉碎机中处理60min;
(2)配制酞菁铜颜料染色液并对海藻无纺布进行浸染染色,在水中加入上述分散液,使酞菁铜质量占待染色海藻无纺布质量的0.2-3%,将海藻无纺布放入,调整染色浴比为10:1,于30℃上染5-10min;最后,将染色后海藻无纺布脱水并于60℃下烘干。
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