CN105993480B - Purple soil mountain and hill is convex, concave slope is vertically existed side by side, and hillside fields is layered the method utilized - Google Patents
Purple soil mountain and hill is convex, concave slope is vertically existed side by side, and hillside fields is layered the method utilized Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
Purple soil mountain and hill is convex, concave slope is vertically existed side by side hillside fields is layered the method utilized, comprising the following steps: (1) purple soil mountain and hill select convex, concave slope vertically exist side by side the southeast to hillside fields as objective for implementation；(2) slope section delimited, adjacent 2 convex, concave slopes can be divided into convex slope upper section, convex slope middle section, convex slope lower section, concave slope upper section, concave slope middle section, concave slope lower section by boundary of crestal line；(3) full slope surface builds grass family bottom grass straw cord；(4) cellar point delimited on concave slope, is excavated corrosion protection water storage cellar, is first completed the earthwork, then lining cutting surrounding, build the water conservancy diversion ridge；(5) convexOnSlope surface, band-like large packet rose, facet syndrom kind；(6) convexIn, it is recessedOnWalnut is planted, plants facet syndrom between woodland；(7) convexUnder, it is recessedInPeach is planted, plants butch clover between woodland；(8) recessedUnderCitrus is planted, plants alfalfa between woodland.Using the present invention, the difficulty that purple soil Mountain Area can be made full use of largely to lie waste utilizes soil, revitalizes local economy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of mountain and hills, and convex, concave slope vertically exists side by side that hillside fields is layered the method utilized, more particularly, to
A kind of purple soil mountain and hill is convex, concave slope is vertically existed side by side, and hillside fields is layered the method utilized.
Background technique
Purple soil mountain and hill, is one of south China and the main land type of southwest, wherein have area it is biggish it is convex,
Concave slope is vertically existed side by side hillside fields, length of grade 800m-1500m, the wide mountain top 40m(in slope) foot of the hill -80m(), due to the difference of purple lithology
Different, convex slope surface is based on purple sandstone, and difficult weathering, soil-forming process is slow, thus, soil layer is shallow after many years water erosion, and soil
Grain is partially thick, and crop is difficult to grow；And concave slope surface is based on Purple Shale, easy-weathering, the fast (Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu of soil-forming process
The outdoor weathering speed test of purple rock was once made in branch's soil investigation room, and what as a result weathering was most fast in purple rock rock 1 year can wind
Chemical conversion soil), thus, soil layer is still thick after many years water erosion, and soil particle is thin, and phosphorous, potassium enriches, and is conducive to plant growth.
However, for a long time, this convex, concave slope vertically exist side by side hillside fields only have in the concave slope face that topography is low, the gradient is slow it is few
It measures crop land (" psoriasis " that various regions are distributed in depression), it is most unutilized, cause the waste of land resource.Therefore,
It vertically exists side by side the reasonable using should conduct a research of hillside fields for this convex, concave slope.
It vertically exists side by side the research in hillside fields in relation to convex, concave slope, 2004, how Gu Yongping was planning that hilly and gully area slope changes
Once had been reported that in a terraced text: mechanized terracing production practices show, using road, channel as skeleton, to plough in gentle slope plateau, Terrance Area
It is divided into rectangle or trapezoidal (convex, concave slope surface) as zoning, lays every plot of crop ped location terraced fields can all along contour line width, both can guarantee
The plot of terraced fields is regular in crop ped location, and has road that can lead to.In addition, being established to convex concave west to slope using gray system theory
The Topological Prediction Model of soil storage.Examined the reliability of the adjustment model it is good [smooth coloured silk pretty young woman etc., rainfall on male-female shape slope again
Distribution dynamics are inquired into, water and soil conservation journal, 1989,3 (2): 36-43].
But related convex, concave slope is vertically existed side by side, hillside fields is fitted suitablely cultivates suitable kind, and layering is not yet appeared in the newspapers using the research of method
Road.
Summary of the invention
A kind of the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide purple soil mountain and hills convex, concave slope vertically exists side by side slope
Ground is layered the method utilized, makes its recycling and efficiently utilizes.Using the present invention, purple soil Mountain Area can be made full use of largely waste
Overgrown with weeds difficulty utilizes soil, develops distinctive agricultural undertakings, with alleviating the people of purple soil area contradiction, revitalizes local economy.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is: purple soil mountain and hill is convex, concave slope vertically simultaneously
Vertical hillside fields is layered the method utilized, comprising the following steps:
(1) purple soil mountain and hill is convex, concave slope is vertical and hillside fields, convex, concave slope is selected vertically to exist side by side the southeast to hillside fields
As objective for implementation；
(2) by selected slope surface, upward slope section, mesoslope section, three layers of lower slope section, adjacent 2 convex, concaves delimited along contour
Slope is that boundary can be divided into convex slope upper section (code name is convex with crestal line (watershed line)On), (code name is convex in convex slope middle sectionIn), under convex slope
(code name is convex for sectionUnder), (code name is recessed for concave slope upper sectionOn), (code name is recessed in concave slope middle sectionIn), (code name is recessed for concave slope lower sectionUnder)；
(3) full slope surface builds grass family bottom grass straw cord；
(4) cellar point delimited on concave slope, is excavated corrosion protection water storage cellar, is first completed the earthwork, then lining cutting surrounding, build water conservancy diversion
The ridge；
(5) convexOnSlope surface, (purple soil calcic, phosphorus, potassium are more) large packet rose (Rose brai that is drought-resistant and liking calcium and phosphorus potassium
Tea wendll), band-like kind of facet syndrom (Coronillararia)；Seed treatment is carried out before facet syndrom sowing；
(6) convexIn, it is recessedOnWalnut, walnut also known as English walnut (Juglans regia Linn.) are planted, plants facet syndrom between woodland；It is small
Seed treatment is carried out before hat flower sowing；
(7) convexUnder, it is recessedInIt plants peach (peach, peach tree, Prunus persica), plants butch clover between woodland
(Trilliurn repeais)；Seed treatment is carried out before butch clover sowing；
(8) recessedUnderIt plants citrus (orange, citrus, tamgerine), alfalfa (Medico is planted between woodland
Hispid).
In step (1), convex, the concave slope are vertically existed side by side for hillside fields refers to a massif, because of each massif
Though crestal line can prolong continuous dozens of kilometres near the mountain, always it there is east, south, west, north slope, hillside fields of vertically existing side by side just refers to a certain slope of massif
To the slope surface that the foot of the hill is convex, concave slope is spaced is arrived from the hilltop, for convex, concave length of grade up to 800-1500m, slope is wide up to 40
(top) lower part -80m()；Hilly area on duty also has convex, concave slope vertically to exist side by side hillside fields, only because relative elevation is smaller, and length of grade
It is shorter；The present invention be choosing mountain and hill is convex, concave slope is vertically the existed side by side southeast to hillside fields be objective for implementation.
In step (2), the described delimitation slope section refers to and is subject to slope position, arrives the foot of the hill from the hilltop by the location of slope surface,
Three slopes in upper, middle and lower position or slope section can be divided into, upward slope soil layer is thin, and mesoslope soil layer is slightly thick, and descending soil layer is thick, and soil layer thickness with
The gradient is related, and uphill gradient is maximum, and the mesoslope gradient is larger, and downward grades are small, and therefore, slope section divides, and can be subject to the gradient, simultaneous
Care for engineering construction, i.e. the gradient is small (8 ° of <), soil layer it is thick divide lower slope section into, in the gradient (8 ° -25 °), in the dividing into of thicker soil
Slope section, the gradient is steep (25 ° of >), soil layer it is thin divide upward slope section into, and scribing line is defined on the spot, a slope surface totally 2 contours, generally
It says, upward slope section, mesoslope section, lower slope section respectively account for long 1/3 of slope surface.
In step (3), the full slope surface builds grass family bottom grass straw cord: the big upward slope section straw cord band of the gradient is away from 1.8-2.2m
(preferably 2m), the preferred 30cm of bandwidth 28-32cm(), grass family bottom grass is the extremely strong herba setariae viridis of drought tolerance；In soft, descending
Section straw cord band is away from the preferred 3m of 2.8-3.2m(), the preferred 30cm of bandwidth 28-32cm(), grass family bottom grass is paspalum notatum.Dog tail before broadcasting
Grass seed soaks 1.8-2.2 hours (preferably 2 hours) with 15-20 DEG C of cold water, and is first soaked with 15-20 DEG C of cold water before paspalum notatum sowing
Kind, it is rubbed with the hands in leaching, makes its water suction, then soak 11.5-12.5 hours (preferably 12 hours) with 38-42 DEG C of (preferably 40 DEG C) warm water,
Titanium solution (1ml is watered the preferred 20kg of 19-21kg() is mixed after draining) and P-dissolving fungi liquid (1g adds water 180-220g(preferred
200g)).
In step (4), cellar point delimited on the concave slope, cellar density: upward slope section along terraced (20m) 1 kiln in slope every 10,
Collective area 800m2；In, terraced (30m) 1 kiln of lower slope section every 10, collective area 1200m2.Cellar specification (horizontal slope long 5m, it is suitable
The wide 2m in slope, deep 1.0m, volume about 10m3, by western Hunan many years time flow mode mean value 10m3/1000m2Design).By the ground defined
Earthwork task is first completed in cellar position, and water-guiding edge, the ridge are built in then lining cutting surrounding (cellar bottom not lining cutting, with sharp rainwater infiltration)
The high preferred 30cm of 28-32cm(), it is connected with cellar.
In step (5), described is convexOnSlope surface, band-like large packet rose, facet syndrom kind, bandwidth 0.8-1.2m(are preferred
1.0m)；12 × 20cm of seeding row spacing of large packet rose, sows every 667m2With the preferred 7.5kg of kind of 7.0-8.0kg()；Facet syndrom band peace
Band inside, early March are come, full band broadcasts sowing facet syndrom, every 667m20.8-1.0kg is sowed, with local convex-concave slope mud before sowing
The air-dried mud water transfer fruit type titanium solution (1ml is watered the preferred 20kg of 19-21kg() of soil and human excrement retting) and P-dissolving fungi liquid (1g
Add the preferred 200g of water 180-220g()) seed dressing.
In step (6), described is convexIn, it is recessedOnSlope section plants walnut, and walnut is Juglandaceae walnut, is important woody
Oil tree.Transplant the time: before late fall nursery stock enters after suspend mode or nursery stock at the beginning of last month of spring in winter not yet sprouts；Planting density: uniform
Straw cord plants a line, spacing in the rows 2-3m, every 667m2Plant 105-115 plants (preferably 110 plants)；Method for planting: wound is first wiped out before seedling growth
Root, solution remove the film of binding grafting mouth；It is carried out according to " seven one " innovative technology standard, i.e., one piece well, a standard plant
Cave (each 1 meter of length and width, depth), one plant of qualified seedling, seedling root titanium rich water (being watered 1000 times) infiltration, load farmyard manure (every cave 5O
Kilogram well-rotted farmyard manure, and mix 1g P-dissolving fungi), one chooses root water, one piece of 1 meter of square cover film, and one protection (three, cage
The above protection stake).Facet syndrom, every 667m are broadcasted sowing in walnut woodland early March, full garden20.8-1.0kg is sowed, is sowed preceding local
The air-dried mud tune titanium solution (1ml is watered the preferred 20kg of 19-21kg() of convex-concave slope soil and human excrement retting) and P-dissolving fungi
Liquid (1g adds the preferred 200g of water 180-220g()) seed dressing.
In step (7), described is convexUnder, it is recessedInSlope section plants peach, and transplant the time: late fall nursery stock enters after suspend mode or last month of spring in winter
Before first nursery stock not yet sprouts；Planting density: uniform ladder plants a line, the preferred 3m of spacing in the rows 2.8-3.2m()；Method for planting: nursery stock kind
It is first wiped out before planting and hurts root, solution removes the film of binding grafting mouth；It is carried out according to " seven one " innovative technology standard, i.e., one piece is well,
One standard planting hole (each 1 meter of length and width, depth), one plant of qualified seedling, a load farmyard manure (5O kilograms of every cave well-rotted farmyard manure, and mix
Enter 1g P-dissolving fungi), one chooses root water, one piece of 1 meter of square cover film, a protection cage (three or more are protected stake).Peach hayashishita,
Butch clover, every 667m are broadcasted sowing in early April, full garden21.0-1.5kg is sowed, with local convex-concave slope soil and human excrement before sowing
The air-dried mud water transfer fruit type titanium solution (1ml is watered the preferred 20kg of 19-21kg() of retting) and P-dissolving fungi liquid (1g adds water 180-
The preferred 200g of 220g()) seed dressing.
It is described recessed in step (8)UnderSlope section plants citrus, planting density 2m × 3m, i.e., one ladder plants a line, spacing in the rows 1.8-2.2m
(preferably 2m), every 667m2Plant 105-115 plants (preferably 110 plants)；Under tangerine, alfalfa, every 667m are broadcasted sowing in early January, full garden2
6-8kg is sowed, (1ml is watered 19- with the air-dried mud water transfer fruit type titanium solution of local concave slope soil and human excrement retting before sowing
The preferred 20kg of 21kg()) and P-dissolving fungi liquid (1g adds the preferred 200g of water 180-220g()) seed dressing.
The present invention due to by convex, concave slope vertically exist side by side hillside fields according to the factors reasonable definition such as the gradient, erosion, soil layer be it is convex
Type slope, the upward slope on concave slope, mesoslope, descending；And different cultivation methods are taken (to plant paspalum notatum band, different slope sections different slope sections
Band is away from different；It digs up the ground, different slope sections cellar density is different).It carries out counterpart and plants (the large packet rose of convex slope upper section, facet syndrom
Band-like kind；Convex slope middle section, concave slope upper section plant walnut, kind facet syndrom；Convex slope lower section, concave slope middle section plant peach,
Between plant butch clover；Concave slope lower section plants citrus, kind alfalfa).It uses up its power with accomplishing, realizes purple soil mountain and hill
Convex, concave slope vertically exist side by side Slope-land resourcesization and efficiently utilize (per hectare produce per year ten thousand kilograms of fruit 2-6, increase output value 3-5 ten thousand
Member), be conducive to change local soil and largely lie waste, is backward in economy, farmers' income is low, the situation of rural poverty.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described with reference to embodiments.
1. suitable ground (selection of land).
(1) selection of slope aspect.Lee's formula mirror result of study (2014): ground diameter, unit of the chinquapin between different slope, height above sea level
There is extremely significant difference in the chestnut bud number and chestnut fruit quality of area, sequence is half tailo > Schattenseite of tailo >.In April, 2012
(herba setariae viridis, paspalum notatum band are built the 3rd year) at the beginning of the middle ten days to 10 months, select that convex, concave slope is vertical in township of Phoenix County government's bank of Hunan Province mountain area
Pinpoint the measurement soil moisture, aerial temperature and humidity and soil moisture content with the different slope aspect setting observation sample in hillside fields existing side by side.Analysis knot
Fruit shows: the descending different slope soil moisture is the south western slope > Northwest Slope > north slope of the slope southwest the > slope southeast > slope >；Gas
Descending temperature is the southwest western slope > north slope of the slope south the > slope southeast > slope > Northwest Slope >；Air humidity and soil moisture content are by big
To it is small be the western slope > north slope of the southeast slope southwest the > slope south > slope > Northwest Slope >；Air and soil temperature and humidity are influenced difference by slope aspect
Different larger, different slope soil temperature and humidity difference is obvious.Therefore the hillside fields that selects that southeast slope aspect is convex, concave slope is vertically existed side by side is as implementing
Object of the invention.
(2) selection of slope position.(band is built the 3rd year) at the beginning of in mid-April, 2012 to 10 months, on township of Phoenix County government's bank of Hunan Province mountain
Pinpoint to the different slope position setting observation sample in Qu Xuan is convex, concave slope is vertically existed side by side hillside fields the measurement soil moisture, aerial temperature and humidity and
Soil moisture content.Analysis the result shows that: the Different slope soil moisture, soil moisture content descending > go up a slope, concave slope > convex slope；Air
Humidity upward slope > descending, convex slope > concave slope；In addition, it has been observed that the bigger plant of wind-engaging is susceptible more during citrus ulcer is popular
Weight, it is on the contrary then light, that is to say, that the generation sprawling of the disease is directly proportional to wind speed, i.e. the wind maximum of ridge, single plant it is susceptible
Rate is up to 100%, and then only 10% at the gentle breeze in depression, for the two at a distance of only more than 50 meters, strain disease incidence is higher by 90% unexpectedly；Ridge
Single plant leaf susceptible up to 71.8% is higher than depression by 70.6%；46.9% is also higher by than hillside；Therefore, it is necessary to which convex, concave slope is erected
Convex slope upper, middle and lower, each 3 slopes section such as concave slope upper, middle and lower, according to respective are divided by its different condition area to hillside fields is existed side by side
The characteristics of opened up wasteland, plant and (be arranged in the concave slope lower section of wind sheltering if tangerine tangerine).
2. suitable cultivate.
(1) straw cord spacing has different.Convex, concave slope is selected vertically simultaneously in township of Phoenix County government's bank of Hunan Province mountain area in October, 2010
The different slope position in vertical hillside fields is provided with plot experiment, if convexOn, it is convexIn, it is convexUnder, it is recessedOn, it is recessedIn, it is recessedUnderDeng 6 processing and respective control
(Ck1, Ck2, Ck3, Ck4, Ck5, Ck6), totally 12 cells；Plot area 10x10m=100m2, do not set repetition；In each cell
The middle movable simple soil erosion runoff field for establishing 4m × 2m, runoff field are made of PVC plastic flitch, below by afflux groove with
Afflux bucket connects, remaining 3 side is thickness 4mm, and the plastic plate of high 200mm, when test is inserted into ground, with runoff inside and outside Resistance
Exchange.Since the gradient is in different size, the upward slope section gradient is big, and straw cord spacing is small (2m), in, the lower slope section gradient it is small, between straw cord
Away from big (3m).Measurement build after herba setariae viridis, paspalum notatum band the 1st year, the 2nd year, the 3rd year (2011-2013) run-off, silt invades
Erosion amount.The result shows that processing is recessedUnderRunoff modulus is minimum, and soil erosion amount is minimum, is followed successively by from big to small convexOn> is convexIn> is convexUnder
> is recessedOn> is recessedIn> is recessedUnder；3 years each cell runoff modulus mean values be respectively 47.17m3,42.64m3,38m3,37.62m3,
31.94m3,20.92m3, it is respectively 56.1%, 60.9%, 63.1% that more respective Ck processing, which subtracts flow rate, 61.1%, 53.6%,
65.3%；3 years each cell soil erosion amount mean values be respectively 36.86kg, 28.37kg, 22.25kg, 23.99kg, 18.25kg,
11.11kg, it is respectively 82.9%, 85.2%, 88.9% that more respective Ck processing, which subtracts husky rate, 88.2%, 89.4%, 89.7%(table 1).
(2) cellar control zone is different.In October, 2010, select that convex, concave slope is vertical in township of Phoenix County government's bank of Hunan Province mountain area
The different slope position in hillside fields concave slope exist side by side provided with plot experiment, if recessedOn, it is recessedIn, it is recessedUnderDeng 3 processing and respective control, totally 6
A cell；Since the upward slope section gradient is big, each cellar control zone is small, plot area about 800m2, and in, the lower slope section gradient it is relatively slow,
Each cellar control zone is big, plot area about 1200m2；The soil moisture content quick analyser produced with Nanjing periodically (7-10d) is measured away from ground
It stores at 5m, 10m, 15m, 20cm soil layer soil moisture content.The result shows that the upward slope section that either each cellar control zone is small, also
It is, lower slope section that it is obvious that cellar improves soil moisture content effect, recessed during control zone is bigOn, it is recessedIn, it is recessedUnder, the 20cm that repeatedly measures
Locating soil moisture content mean value is respectively 10.51%, 11.62%, 12.03%, and relatively respectively control improves 2.04%, 2.66%, 3.3%, is mentioned
High 24.1,29.7,34.8 Ge Bai Fen Dian (table 2).
3. suitable kind.
(1) kind between large packet rose and facet syndrom are band-like.Convex slope upper section is (convexOn) large packet rose and facet syndrom it is band-like between kind.
Large packet Rosa rosaceae Rosa, evergreen fruit shrub, wild, well developed root system are extremely drought-resistant barren, are to change Gu native power is strong
Make the fine tree species of purple soil massif；Facet syndrom is Portugal's fore-telling type leguminous forage, nodule nitrogen fixation fertilizing soil.In October, 2009-
It has been carried out in township of Phoenix County government's bank of Hunan Province mountain area convex in October, 2012OnStrip cropping plot experiment is pair with original state slope surface
According to plot area 10x10m=100m2, do not set repetition；The movable simple soil erosion diameter of 4m × 2m is established in each cell
Flow field, runoff field are made of PVC plastic flitch, are connected below by afflux groove with afflux bucket, remaining 3 side is thickness 4mm, high 200mm
Plastic plate, when test, is inserted into ground, with the exchange of runoff inside and outside Resistance., survey water and soil in 2012 in 2011 in 2010
Number of dropouts；Annual October takes topsoil (0-20cm) soil sample to survey the content of organic matter.The result shows that between large packet rose and facet syndrom are band-like
Kind reduction soil erosion, culture fertility effect are obvious, and 3 annuals subtract flow rate up to 46.4%；Subtract husky rate up to 50.8%；0-20cm soil layer
Soil organic matter content improves 5.47g/kg, improves 46.1%(table 3).
(2) walnut Companion crops facet syndrom.Convex slope middle section is (convexIn) and concave slope upper section it is (recessedOn) walnut is planted, between hayashishita
Kind facet syndrom.Walnut has high nutritional quality, while being also applied in a variety of medicinal materials, has greatly for the body of people
Benefit；Walnut is a kind of tree species of well developed root system, and resistance is strong, is suitble to be grown in wet and drains preferable loam or husky earth
On soil；Facet syndrom is that Portugal foretells leguminous forage, nodule nitrogen fixation fertilizing soil.In October, -2012 in October, 2009, in Hunan Province phoenix
The mountain area county magistrate Zhuan Xiang has carried out walnut Companion crops facet syndrom plot experiment, is control, plot area with kind facet syndrom between not
10x10m=100m2, do not set repetition；The movable simple soil erosion runoff field of 4m × 2m, runoff field are established in each cell
It is made of PVC plastic flitch, is connected below by afflux groove with afflux bucket, remaining 3 side is thickness 4mm, the plastic plate of high 200mm, examination
It is inserted into ground when testing, with the exchange of runoff inside and outside Resistance., survey soil erosion amount in 2012 in 2011 in 2010；Every year
Topsoil soil sample is taken October to survey the content of organic matter.The result shows that walnut Companion crops facet syndrom reduces soil erosion, culture fertility effect
Fruit is obvious, and it is convex up to 33.6%(that 3 annuals subtract flow rateIn), 32.8%(it is recessedOn)；It is convex up to 40.2%(to subtract husky rateIn), 41.7%(it is recessedOn)；0-
It is convex that 20cm soil layer soil organic matter content improves 27.4%(In), 20.7%(it is recessedOn) (table 4).
(3) peach Companion crops butch clover.Convex slope lower section is (convexUnder) and concave slope middle section it is (recessedIn) peach is planted, between hayashishita
Kind butch clover.Peach is the common fruit in south, has high nutritional quality, during " the National Day peach " of Hunan Ma Yangxian is famous
Outside；Peach is a kind of tree species of well developed root system, and resistance is strong, is suitble to be grown in wet and drain on preferable loam or sandy loam；
Butch clover is leguminous forage, and spring, autumn well-grown, summer dead leaf can cover surface soil, reduce soil water evaporation and water and soil
It is lost, nodule nitrogen fixation fertilizing soil.Peach has been carried out in township of Phoenix County government's bank of Hunan Province mountain area in October, -2012 in October, 2009
Companion crops butch clover plot experiment is set, is control, plot area 10x10m=100m with kind butch clover between not2, weight is not set
It is multiple；The movable simple soil erosion runoff field of 4m × 2m is established in each cell, runoff field is made of PVC plastic flitch,
Being connected below by afflux groove with afflux bucket, remaining 3 side is thickness 4mm, the plastic plate of high 200mm, and when test is inserted into ground, with
The exchange of runoff inside and outside Resistance., survey soil erosion amount in 2012 in 2011 in 2010；Annual October takes the survey of topsoil soil sample to have
Machine matter content.The result shows that reduce soil erosion, culture fertility effect obvious for peach Companion crops butch clover, it is convexUnder, it is recessedInIt is small
Area, 3 annual mean runoffs are respectively 286.86m3、209.42m3, the flow rate that subtracts more respectively compareed is 38.4%, 42.1%；3 years flat
Equal soil erosion amount is respectively 264.59kg, 210.88kg, and the husky rate that subtracts more respectively compareed is 42.5%, 49.3%；0-20cm soil
4.8g/kg, 5.31g/kg is respectively increased in layer soil organic matter content, improves 27.5%, 30%(table 5).
(4) under mandarin tree between plant alfalfa.Concave slope lower section is (recessedUnder) plant citrus, Companion crops alfalfa.Citrus is
The most representative fruit in subtropical zone, distribution is wide, and area is big to rank first in subtropical zone；Citrus is a kind of root system
Flourishing tree species, resistance is stronger, is suitble to be grown in wet and drain on preferable loam or sandy loam；Alfalfa is pulse family
Herbage, is known as the good reputation of " King of Pasture ", and the either nutritional ingredient of grass yield or grass is good, root system can bury 2m with
On, and nodule nitrogen fixation fertilizing soil.Mandarin orange has been carried out in township of Phoenix County government's bank of Hunan Province mountain area in October, -2012 in October, 2009
Tangerine Companion crops alfalfa plot experiment is control, plot area 10x10m=100m with kind alfalfa between not2, weight is not set
It is multiple；The movable simple soil erosion runoff field of 4m × 2m is established in each cell, runoff field is made of PVC plastic flitch,
Being connected below by afflux groove with afflux bucket, remaining 3 side is thickness 4mm, the plastic plate of high 200mm, and when test is inserted into ground, with
The exchange of runoff inside and outside Resistance., survey soil erosion amount in 2012 in 2011 in 2010；Annual October takes the survey of topsoil soil sample to have
Machine matter content.The result shows that citrus Companion crops alfalfa reduces soil erosion, culture fertility effect obvious, cell runoff
Amount, 3 annuals are 226.18m3, subtracting flow rate is 36.2%；It is 39.9% that 3 annual soil erosion amounts, which are 252.21kg, subtract husky rate；
0-20cm soil layer soil organic matter content improves 4.4g/kg, improves 23.3%(table 6).
Claims (8)
1. purple soil mountain and hill is convex, concave slope is vertically existed side by side, hillside fields is layered the method utilized, which is characterized in that including following step
It is rapid:
(1) in purple soil mountain and hill is convex, concave slope is vertically existed side by side hillside fields, convex, the concave slope southeast of vertically existing side by side is selected to make to hillside fields
For objective for implementation；
(2) slope surface that will be selected delimit upward slope section, mesoslope section, three layers of lower slope section along contour, adjacent 2 convex, concave slopes, with
Crestal line is that be just divided into convex slope upper section-code name convex on boundaryOn, convex slope middle section-code name it is convexIn, convex slope lower section-code name it is convexUnder, concave slope
Upper section-code name is recessedOn, concave slope middle section-code name it is recessedIn, concave slope lower section-code name it is recessedUnder；
(3) full slope surface builds grass family bottom grass straw cord；
(4) cellar point delimited on concave slope, is excavated corrosion protection water storage cellar, is first completed the earthwork, then lining cutting surrounding, build the water conservancy diversion ridge；
(5) convexOnSlope surface, kind between drought-resistant and happiness calcium and the macartney rose of phosphorus potassium, facet syndrom are band-like；It is planted before facet syndrom sowing
Subprocessing；
(6) convexIn, it is recessedOnWalnut is planted, plants facet syndrom between woodland；Seed treatment is carried out before facet syndrom sowing；
(7) convexUnder, it is recessedInPeach is planted, plants butch clover between woodland；Seed treatment is carried out before butch clover sowing；
(8) recessedUnderCitrus is planted, plants alfalfa between woodland.
2. purple soil mountain and hill according to claim 1 is convex, concave slope is vertically existed side by side, hillside fields is layered the method utilized,
Be characterized in that, in step (2), the delimitation upward slope section, mesoslope section, three layers of lower slope section, refer to be subject to slope position, arrive from the hilltop
The foot of the hill is divided into upper, middle and lower three slopes position or slope section, upward slope soil layer is thin, and mesoslope soil layer is slightly thick, descending by the location of slope surface
Soil layer is thick, and soil layer thickness is related with the gradient, and uphill gradient is maximum, and the mesoslope gradient is larger, and downward grades are small, and therefore, slope section is drawn
Point, it and can be subject to the gradient, take into account engineering construction, i.e., the gradient is small, soil layer is thick divides lower slope section into, in the gradient, thicker soil
Divide mesoslope section into, the gradient is steep, soil layer is thin divides upward slope section into, and scribing line is defined on the spot, and a slope surface totally 2 contours go up a slope
Section, mesoslope section, lower slope section respectively account for long 1/3 of slope surface.
3. purple soil mountain and hill according to claim 1 or 2 is convex, concave slope is vertically existed side by side, hillside fields is layered the side utilized
Method, which is characterized in that in step (3), the full slope surface builds grass family bottom grass straw cord: the big upward slope section straw cord band of the gradient away from
1.8-2.2m, bandwidth 28-32cm, grass family bottom grass are the extremely strong herba setariae viridis of drought tolerance；In soft, lower slope section straw cord band away from
2.8-3.2m, bandwidth 28-32cm, grass family bottom grass are paspalum notatum.
4. purple soil mountain and hill according to claim 1 or 2 is convex, concave slope is vertically existed side by side, hillside fields is layered the side utilized
Method, which is characterized in that in step (4), cellar point delimited on the concave slope, cellar density: upward slope section is along every 10 ladder 1 in slope
Kiln, collective area 800m2；In, terraced 1 kiln of lower slope section every 10, collective area 1200m2。
5. purple soil mountain and hill according to claim 1 or 2 is convex, concave slope is vertically existed side by side, hillside fields is layered the side utilized
Method, which is characterized in that in step (5), described is convexOnSlope surface, band-like kind of macartney rose, facet syndrom, bandwidth 0.8-1.2m；It is large
12 × 20cm of seeding row spacing of luxuriant rose, sows every 667m2With kind of a 7.0-8.0kg；Facet syndrom band is arranged in inside, early March,
Full band broadcasts sowing facet syndrom, every 667m20.8-1.0kg is sowed, air-drying with local convex-concave slope soil and human excrement retting before sowing
Mud water transfer fruit type titanium solution and the seed dressing of P-dissolving fungi liquid.
6. purple soil mountain and hill according to claim 1 or 2 is convex, concave slope is vertically existed side by side, hillside fields is layered the side utilized
Method, which is characterized in that in step (6), described is convexIn, it is recessedOnWalnut is planted, transplant the time: late fall nursery stock enters after suspend mode or winter Mo
Before nursery stock at the beginning of the spring not yet sprouts；Planting density: uniform straw cord plants a line, spacing in the rows 2-3m, every 667m2Plant 105-115 plants；Plant
Method: first wiping out before seedling growth and hurt root, and solution removes the film of binding grafting mouth；It is carried out according to " seven one " innovative technology standard；
Facet syndrom, every 667m are broadcasted sowing in walnut woodland early March, full garden20.8-1.0kg is sowed, with local convex-concave slope soil before sowing
It dresses seed with the air-dried mud tune titanium solution and P-dissolving fungi liquid of human excrement retting.
7. purple soil mountain and hill according to claim 1 or 2 is convex, concave slope is vertically existed side by side, hillside fields is layered the side utilized
Method, which is characterized in that in step (7), described is convexUnder, it is recessedInPeach is planted, transplant the time: late fall nursery stock enters after suspend mode or winter Mo
Before nursery stock at the beginning of the spring not yet sprouts；Planting density: uniform ladder plants a line, spacing in the rows 2.8-3.2m；Method for planting: before seedling growth first
It wipes out and hurts root, solution removes the film of binding grafting mouth；It is carried out according to " seven one " innovative technology standard；Peach hayashishita, early April, entirely
Broadcast sowing butch clover, every 667m in garden21.0-1.5kg is sowed, air-drying with local convex-concave slope soil and human excrement retting before sowing
Mud water transfer fruit type titanium solution and the seed dressing of P-dissolving fungi liquid.
8. purple soil mountain and hill according to claim 1 or 2 is convex, concave slope is vertically existed side by side, hillside fields is layered the side utilized
Method, which is characterized in that described recessed in step (8)UnderCitrus, planting density 2m × 3m are planted, i.e., one ladder plants a line, spacing in the rows 1.8-
2.2m, every 667m2Plant 105-115 plants；Under tangerine, alfalfa, every 667m are broadcasted sowing in early January, full garden2Sow 6-8kg, sowing
Preceding air-dried mud water transfer fruit type titanium solution and P-dissolving fungi liquid with local concave slope soil and human excrement retting is dressed seed.
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