CN109921490A - A kind of lithium battery Pressure and Control system and the control method based on the system - Google Patents
A kind of lithium battery Pressure and Control system and the control method based on the system Download PDFInfo
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- CN109921490A CN109921490A CN201910241801.XA CN201910241801A CN109921490A CN 109921490 A CN109921490 A CN 109921490A CN 201910241801 A CN201910241801 A CN 201910241801A CN 109921490 A CN109921490 A CN 109921490A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005352 galvanomagnetic phenomena Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of lithium battery Pressure and Control system and and its control method, including battery pack, equalizer circuit, control unit, signal acquisition module and power module, the battery pack includes (N+1) block single battery, the equalizer circuit includes the multiple switch unit connecting with the battery pack, and the single battery in the battery pack is balancing battery；Described control unit receives the signal of signal acquisition module, sends and instructs to equalizer circuit, controls multiple switch unit in the equalizer circuit and open or close, and realizes the on-off that circuit is connected between single battery.Also, it is charged by the series connection of any single battery to battery pack, every piece of single battery is made to reach charge cutoff voltage.In balancing procedure, discharged in series is replaced by any single battery, improves the utilization rate of energy, and reduce the use of electronic component and the connection with external circuitry, circuit is simple, reduces costs, and improves the reliability and safety of system.
Description
Technical field
It is specific next the present invention relates to battery management system (Battery Management System, BMS) technical field
It says and is related to a kind of lithium battery Pressure and Control system and the control method based on the system.
Background technique
With the development of society, environmental pollution and problems of energy consumption be into attracting people's attention, electric car so that
The concern of major Automobile Enterprises is obtained with the advantages of electric energy and zero-emission.Lithium battery big, memory-less effect, circulation because of specific energy
First choice of the advantages that service life is long as electric automobile power battery.But due to the restriction of lithium battery production and processing technology, monomer
There are the differences of voltage, resistance and capacity etc. between lithium battery.In the use process of lithium battery, this species diversity can further expand
Greatly, the difference for causing battery charging and discharging electricity influences the mileage travelled of electric car.
It to solve the above-mentioned problems, is in addition exactly the balanced way for studying battery pack, Lai Gaishan in addition to improving production technology
The inconsistency of battery pack.Currently used balanced way is divided into active equalization and passive equilibrium.However, both balanced ways
There is following technical problem:
Active equalization, i.e. energy transfer type are balanced: as shown in Figure 1, it is shown that a kind of energy transfer formula equalizer circuit signal
Figure, the equalizer circuit pass through MOS (Metal-oxide in an each piece of single battery inductance in parallel
Semiconductor) on-off of pipe on this inductance in parallel to one piece of single battery, will can also be parallel to it is adjacent thereto in addition
On one piece of single battery.Wherein, two neighboring metal-oxide-semiconductor can not simultaneously turn on.When any block monomer battery voltage is excessively high, first will
This single battery and inductance in parallel decline its voltage inductive discharge.Then inductance and neighboring unit cell is in parallel, due to
The galvanomagnetic-effect of inductance, inductance charge to it, realize the transfer of energy.It follows that energy transfer formula equilibrium is both realization phase
Energy transfer between adjacent single battery, when monomer number of batteries of connecting is excessive, required electronic component is excessive, equalization efficiency
Low, control difficulty increases, and failure rate increases.
Passive balanced, i.e., energy deflection type is balanced: as shown in Figure 2, it is shown that a kind of energy consumption formula equalizer circuit signal
Figure, described equalizer circuit resistance in parallel on each piece of single battery, the on-off of parallel circuit is controlled by metal-oxide-semiconductor.?
In discharge process, when the overtension of any one piece of single battery, metal-oxide-semiconductor connected in parallel is connected, resistor coupled in parallel connects in electricity
Chi Shang achievees the purpose that reduce cell voltage by resistance heat production energy consumption.During the charging process, when any one piece of single battery
When overtension, metal-oxide-semiconductor connected in parallel is connected, resistor coupled in parallel connects on battery, and charging current makes voltage by shunt resistance
High battery charge reduces, and the low battery charge of voltage is big, realizes in this way equal between single battery
Weighing apparatus.It follows that energy consumption formula equilibrium is energy to be consumed by way of heat, not only have the loss of energy, also
It will lead to the insecurity that calorific value is excessive, and battery is caused to use.
To sum up, there are also further improved spaces for the balanced way of existing battery management system.
Summary of the invention
In view of the foregoing, the present invention provides a kind of lithium battery Pressure and Control system and control method.In battery power discharge
In the process, the minimum single battery of voltage is replaced by balancing battery therein and forms new series-connected cell group electric discharge, realize monomer
The equilibrium of cell voltage.During the charging process, it realizes that every piece of monomer battery voltage reaches charge cutoff voltage, it is equal to improve voltage
Energy loss, equalization efficiency be low during weighing apparatus and the deficiency of poor reliability.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a kind of lithium battery Pressure and Control system, including battery pack, equalizer circuit,
Control unit, signal acquisition module and power module, the battery pack include (N+1) block single battery, the equalizer circuit packet
Include the multiple switch unit connecting with the battery pack, described control unit and signal acquisition module, power module and equal piezoelectricity
Road connection；A single battery in the battery pack is balancing battery；Described control unit receives the signal of signal acquisition module,
It sends and instructs to equalizer circuit, control multiple switch unit in the equalizer circuit and open or close, realize and connected between single battery
The on-off of circuit；Wherein, N is natural number, N >=2.
Preferably, the monomer battery voltage signal of acquisition is sent to control unit by the signal acquisition module, and control is single
Member processing obtains the single battery of minimum voltage value, determines whether reach threshold value with the voltage difference of other monomers voltage, to pressing
Circuit sending signal.
Preferably, circuit detection unit also detects the temperature of single battery, determines whether temperature reaches threshold value, passes through signal
Acquisition module sends signal to control unit.
Preferably, the switch unit includes metal-oxide-semiconductor switch, and control unit is controlled by control metal-oxide-semiconductor switch on and off
The charge and discharge of series-connected cell group and the series-connected cell group are formed in battery pack between any single battery.
Preferably, described control unit is micro-control unit (Microcontroller Unit；MCU).
Preferably, control unit control switch unit open/close, by the single battery of balancing battery replacement minimum voltage, with it
He discharges in single battery series connection.
Preferably, during battery power discharge, for the single battery being replaced, minimum electricity when disconnecting is saved
Pressure value ignores the voltage value after disconnecting, until the single battery being replaced accesses circuit again and discharges.
Preferably, control unit can realize at least 2 pieces of single battery strings in battery pack by control switch unit open/close
Connection.
Preferably, lithium battery Pressure and Control system is during battery power discharge, if N block battery series voltage value cannot expire
When foot electric discharge requires, control unit control balancing battery is connected with N block battery carries out emergency service.
Preferably, lithium battery Pressure and Control system during the charging process, to all single batteries carry out serial connection charge, when appoint
When one monomer battery voltage reaches charge cutoff voltage, control unit control disconnects the single battery, and stopping charges to it, and controls
System continues series connection to remaining battery and charges, until (N+1) block monomer battery voltage entirely reaches charge cutoff voltage.
Preferably, in battery pack charging process, the electricity of charge cutoff voltage is reached according to the unit cell voltage value
Pond quantity increases, and the charging voltage that control unit controls remaining series-connected cell group reduces.
In addition, implementing single battery in discharge process the present invention also provides a kind of lithium battery balance control method
Every piece of single battery reaches the state being full of in the equilibrium of voltage and charging process.
During battery power discharge:
When any unit cell voltage value is lower than first threshold, the switch of this single battery is disconnected, its electric discharge is stopped；
When any unit cell voltage value is lower than first threshold and remaining single battery forms newly with balanced single battery
The voltage of series connection group is lower than second threshold, disconnects master switch, and battery pack stops electric discharge；
When all unit cell voltage value, which are higher than first threshold, is lower than third threshold value, it is closed (N+1) block single battery string
Connection switch makes the common electric discharge of entire battery pack (N+1) block single battery series connection, and sounds an alarm；
When being unsatisfactory for conditions above and any two pieces of voltage difference values among single batteries are higher than four threshold values, off voltage is minimum
Single battery switch, closure balancing battery switch, the single battery for replacing voltage minimum with balancing battery and other monomers are electric
Pond discharged in series.
In battery pack charging process:
When any unit cell voltage value is higher than five threshold values, this single battery switch is disconnected, stopping charges to it；Together
Shi Zidong jumps to remaining battery and continues serial connection charge, until (N+1) block monomer battery voltage entirely reaches charge cutoff voltage.
The first threshold is discharge cut-off voltage, and second threshold is normal supply voltage, and third threshold value is alarm voltage,
4th threshold value is voltage difference threshold value, and the 5th threshold value is charge cutoff voltage.
Preferably, in battery pack charging process:
During the number of batteries that the unit cell voltage value is higher than the 5th threshold value increases, remaining series-connected cell group
Charging voltage also changes therewith.
Lithium battery Pressure and Control system and the method based on the system, signal acquisition module provided by the invention are adopted in real time
The voltage signal of set battery group and single battery is simultaneously transferred to control unit；Then, control unit is to the voltage signal received
Handle and with trigger voltage threshold value comparison；Finally, control unit sends signal to equalizer circuit, control in the equalizer circuit
Metal-oxide-semiconductor switch on and off realizes the equalization function of lithium battery Pressure and Control system.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages that
(1) present invention keeps it lower in other monomers cell voltage by adding a block balance single battery in battery pack
In the case where, other monomers battery of alternately connecting discharges, and achievees the effect that single battery is pressed without other outside energies
Loss, improve the utilization rate of energy.
(2) present invention is only switched on-off by controlling metal-oxide-semiconductor, and realization single battery is pressed and fully charged effect, is subtracted
The use for having lacked electronic component, improves reliability.
(3) present invention during discharge, when especially N block supplying cell voltage is lower, starts balancing battery and remaining
Battery carries out discharged in series, and the cruising ability of electric car can be improved.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is existing battery active equalizer circuit schematic diagram
Fig. 2 is the passive equalizer circuit schematic diagram of existing battery
Fig. 3 is a kind of overall structure diagram of lithium battery Pressure and Control system of the present invention
Fig. 4 is the charge and discharge equalizer circuit figure of a kind of lithium battery Pressure and Control system of the present invention and control method
Fig. 5 is the control of discharge flow chart of a kind of lithium battery Pressure and Control system of the present invention and control method
Fig. 6 is the charge control flow chart of a kind of lithium battery Pressure and Control system of the present invention and control method
Specific embodiment
For the benefit of to the understanding of control system and control strategy of the invention, said with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments
It is bright.
Fig. 3 is the overall structure diagram of lithium battery Pressure and Control system of the invention.Lithium battery in one embodiment is equal
Pressure control system includes battery pack 101, equalizer circuit 102, control unit 103, signal acquisition module 104 and power module
107.Battery pack 101 includes (N+1) block single battery, wherein N is natural number, N >=2.Preferably, N=5.Equalizer circuit 102
Including the multiple switch unit 106 being connect with battery pack 101, control unit 103 and signal acquisition module 104, power module 107
It is connected with equalizer circuit 102.Selecting a certain single battery in battery pack 101 is balancing battery.Control unit 103 receives signal
The signal of acquisition module 104, to equalizer circuit 102 send instruct, control equalizer circuit 102 in multiple switch unit 106 open or
It closes, realizes the on-off for connecting circuit between single battery.Preferably, switch unit 106 is switched including metal-oxide-semiconductor, control unit 103
It is controlled by control metal-oxide-semiconductor switch on and off and forms series-connected cell group in battery pack 101 between any single battery, and series connection
The charge and discharge of battery pack.Preferably, described control unit is micro-control unit (Microcontroller Unit；MCU).One
In a little embodiments, lithium battery Pressure and Control system further includes temperature control modules 105.
In system operation, signal acquisition module 104 acquires the voltage and temperature of battery pack 101 and single battery in real time
Degree, and control unit 103 (such as MCU control panel) is transmitted the signal to, control unit 103 carries out the signal received
Processing, then feedback arrives equalizer circuit 102 and temperature control modules 105, acts on battery pack, reaches electric voltage equalization and temperature
The purpose of control.Above-mentioned lithium battery Pressure and Control system forms a negative feedback loop.
Preferably, signal acquisition module 104 detects voltage and is lower than remaining monomer battery voltage to monomer battery voltage inspection
Battery, determine voltage difference whether reach threshold value, to control unit 103 send signal.
Preferably, the monomer battery voltage signal of acquisition is sent to control unit 103 by signal acquisition module 104, control
The processing of unit 103 obtains the single battery of minimum voltage value, determines whether reach threshold value with the voltage difference of other monomers voltage, to
Equalizer circuit 102 sends signal.
Preferably, 103 control switch unit 106 of control unit is opened and closed, by the monomer electricity of balancing battery replacement minimum voltage
Pond connects with other monomers battery and discharges.
Preferably, during battery power discharge, for the single battery being replaced, minimum electricity when disconnecting is saved
Pressure value ignores the voltage value after disconnecting, until the single battery being replaced accesses circuit again and discharges.I.e. to not connecing
When the monomer battery voltage data entered are handled, select the single battery disconnecting circuit connect when voltage value, prevent due to
It is replaced influence of the voltage recovery phenomenon to voltage data and threshold value comparison caused by the internal resistance of cell, and this is accidentally replaced battery
It is connected in circuit again.
Preferably, control unit 103 can be opened and closed by control switch unit 106, realize at least 2 pieces of lists in battery pack 101
The series connection of body battery.
Preferably, lithium battery Pressure and Control system is in 101 discharge process of battery pack, if N block battery series voltage value is not
When being able to satisfy electric discharge and requiring, control unit control balancing battery is connected progress emergency service with N block battery.
Preferably, lithium battery Pressure and Control system during the charging process, to all single batteries carry out serial connection charge, when appoint
When one monomer battery voltage reaches charge cutoff voltage, the control of control unit 103 disconnects the single battery, and stopping charges to it,
And control that remaining battery is continued to connect and charge, until (N+1) block monomer battery voltage entirely reaches charge cutoff voltage.
Preferably, in 101 charging process of battery pack, the battery of charge cutoff voltage is reached according to unit cell voltage value
Quantity increases, and the charging voltage that control unit 103 controls remaining series-connected cell group reduces, and avoids high-voltage charge to the damage of battery
Evil.Preferably, the ratio increased according to the number of batteries that unit cell voltage value reaches charge cutoff voltage, proportionally reduces
The charging voltage setting value of remaining series-connected cell group.
Fig. 4 is equalizer circuit figure of the invention, is only illustrated with N=3 to circuit diagram.The circuit can not only realize battery
The equilibrium of monomer battery voltage, can also be achieved every piece of monomer battery voltage in charging process and reaches charge cutoff in group discharge process
Voltage.
Aforementioned function realized by being alternatively formed series-connected cell group between single battery, series-connected cell group by with connection
Metal-oxide-semiconductor switch on and off realizes that metal-oxide-semiconductor is switched on-off is sent to the signal of equalizer circuit 102 by MCU to control.
Below with N=3, to the work of lithium battery balanced pressure system of the present invention and control method during battery set charge/discharge
Principle is described in detail.
During battery power discharge:
1.MCU is compared to after voltage signal processing with threshold value.When N=3, first threshold V1 is 2.8V；Second threshold
When V2 is electric car normally travel, single battery group output voltage 3.3V*N or 3.5V*N, such as 3.3V*3=9.9V, or
3.5V*3=10.5V；Third threshold value V3 is 3.2-3.5V, preferably 3.3V；4th threshold value V4 is the smaller the better, but due to chip
The limitation of acquisition precision, selecting 0.02V, the 5th threshold value V5 is 4.2V.
2. when any one piece of battery voltage value of battery B1, B2, B3, B4 is less than threshold value V1,
The voltage value of battery B1 be less than threshold value V1 when, be connected metal-oxide-semiconductor switch S6, S7, S4, S9 and S15, battery B2, B3 and
B4 forms series-connected cell group.The series battery voltage is higher than threshold value V2, and the series-connected cell group works on；The series connection
Battery voltage is lower than threshold value V2, disconnects switch S15, and battery pack stops electric discharge；
The voltage value of battery B2 be less than threshold value V1 when, be connected metal-oxide-semiconductor switch S12, S7, S4, S8 and S15, battery B1, B3 and
B4 forms series-connected cell group.The series battery voltage is higher than threshold value V2, and the series-connected cell group works on；The series connection
Battery voltage is lower than threshold value V2, disconnects switch S15, and battery pack stops electric discharge；
The voltage value of battery B3 be less than threshold value V1 when, be connected metal-oxide-semiconductor switch S5, S14, S4, S8 and S15, battery B1, B2 and
B4 forms series-connected cell group.The series battery voltage is higher than threshold value V2, and the series-connected cell group works on；The series connection
Battery voltage is lower than threshold value V2, disconnects switch S15, and battery pack stops electric discharge；
The voltage value of battery B4 be less than threshold value V1 when, be connected metal-oxide-semiconductor switch S5, S6, S3, S8 and S15, battery B1, B2 and
B3 forms series-connected cell group.The series battery voltage is higher than threshold value V2, and the series-connected cell group works on；The series connection
Battery voltage is lower than threshold value V2, disconnects switch S15, and battery pack stops electric discharge；
3. when tetra- pieces of battery voltage values of battery B1, B2, B3, B4 are both less than threshold value V3, conducting metal-oxide-semiconductor switch S5, S6,
S7, S4, S8 and S15, tetra- pieces of batteries of B1, B2, B3, B4 are connected powering load simultaneously at this time, and are sounded the alarm.
4. when the voltage value of battery B1, B2, B3, B4 do not meet 2,3 condition, and detecting two blocks of single battery electricity
Pressure difference is greater than threshold value V4:
When B1 voltage is minimum, metal-oxide-semiconductor switch S6, S7, S4, S9 and S15 is connected, is connected at this time by battery B2, B3, B4 to negative
Carry power supply；
When B2 voltage is minimum, be connected metal-oxide-semiconductor switch S12, S7, S4, S8 and S15, at this time by battery B1, B3, B4 connect to
Load supplying；
When B3 voltage is minimum, be connected metal-oxide-semiconductor switch S5, S14, S4, S8 and S15, at this time by battery B1, B2, B3 connect to
Load supplying；
When B4 voltage is minimum, metal-oxide-semiconductor switch S5, S6, S3, S8 and S15 is connected, is connected at this time by battery B1, B2, B3 to negative
Carry power supply.
During battery power discharge, for the single battery being replaced, system saves minimum voltage value when disconnecting, suddenly
Voltage value after slightly disconnecting, until the single battery being replaced accesses circuit again and discharges.
In battery pack charging electric process:
1.MCU is compared to after voltage signal processing with threshold value.
2. metal-oxide-semiconductor switch S7, S6, S5, S4, S8 and S15 is connected when the voltage of B1, B2, B3, B4 are respectively less than threshold value V5.
B1, B2, B3 connect with B4 at this time, while charging to it.
3. when the voltage value for having one piece of battery in B1, B2, B3, B4 is greater than threshold value V5:
When the voltage value of B1 is greater than threshold value V5, metal-oxide-semiconductor switch S7, S6, S4, S9 and S15 is connected.B1 is disconnected at this time, is stopped
It charges to it；B2, B3 connect with B4, continue to charge to it.
When the voltage value of B2 is greater than threshold value V5, metal-oxide-semiconductor switch S7, S12, S4, S8 and S15 is connected.B2 is disconnected at this time, is stopped
It charges to it；B1, B3 connect with B4, continue to charge to it.
When the voltage value of B3 is greater than threshold value V5, metal-oxide-semiconductor switch S14, S5, S4, S8 and S15 is connected.B3 is disconnected at this time, is stopped
It charges to it；B1, B2 connect with B4, continue to charge to it.
When the voltage value of B4 is greater than threshold value V5, metal-oxide-semiconductor switch S6, S5, S3, S8 and S15 is connected.B4 is disconnected at this time, is stopped
It charges to it；B1, B2 connect with B3, continue to charge to it.
4. when the voltage value for having two pieces of batteries in B1, B2, B3, B4 is greater than threshold value V5:
When the voltage value of B1 and B2 is greater than threshold value V5, metal-oxide-semiconductor switch S7, S4, S10 and S15 is connected.At this time disconnect B1 and
B2, stopping charge to it；B3 connects with B4, continues to charge to it；
When the voltage value of B1 and B3 is greater than threshold value V5, metal-oxide-semiconductor switch S14, S4, S9 and S15 is connected.At this time disconnect B1 and
B3, stopping charge to it；B2 connects with B4, continues to charge to it；
When the voltage value of B1 and B4 is greater than threshold value V5, metal-oxide-semiconductor switch S6, S3, S9 and S15 is connected.B1 and B4 is disconnected at this time,
Stopping charges to it；B2 connects with B3, continues to charge to it；
When the voltage value of B2 and B3 is greater than threshold value V5, metal-oxide-semiconductor switch S13, S4, S8 and S15 is connected.At this time disconnect B2 and
B3, stopping charge to it；B1 connects with B4, continues to charge to it；
When the voltage value of B2 and B4 is greater than threshold value V5, metal-oxide-semiconductor switch S12, S3, S8 and S15 is connected.
B2 and B4 is disconnected at this time, and stopping charges to it；B1 connects with B3, continues to charge to it；
When the voltage value of B3 and B4 is greater than threshold value V5, metal-oxide-semiconductor switch S5, S2, S8 and S15 is connected.B3 and B4 is disconnected at this time,
Stopping charges to it；B1 connects with B2, continues to charge to it.
5. when the voltage value for having three pieces of batteries in B1, B2, B3, B4 is greater than V threshold value 5:
When the voltage value of B1, B2 and B3 are greater than threshold value V5, metal-oxide-semiconductor switch S4, S11 and S15 is connected.B1, B2 are disconnected at this time
And B3, stopping charge to it；Only B4 is continued to charge；
When the voltage value of B1, B2 and B4 are greater than threshold value V5, metal-oxide-semiconductor switch S3, S10 and S15 is connected.B1, B2 are disconnected at this time
And B4, stopping charge to it；Only B3 is continued to charge；
When the voltage value of B1, B3 and B4 are greater than threshold value V5, metal-oxide-semiconductor switch S2, S9 and S15 is connected.At this time disconnect B1, B3 and
B4, stopping charge to it；Only B2 is continued to charge；
When the voltage value of B2, B3 and B4 are greater than threshold value V5, metal-oxide-semiconductor switch S1, S8 and S15 is connected.At this time disconnect B2, B3 and
B4, stopping charge to it；Only B1 is continued to charge.
6. ending metal-oxide-semiconductor switch S15, stopping pair when the voltage value of tetra- pieces of batteries of B1, B2, B3, B4 is both greater than threshold value V5
Battery pack charging.
Fig. 5 is the control of discharge flow chart of lithium battery Pressure and Control system and control method of the invention.Signal acquisition mould
Block 104 acquires the voltage of battery pack 101 and Qi Nei single battery in real time, and the signal of acquisition is transferred to control unit 103
(MCU control panel), control unit 103 handles received signal, then by treated signal and the threshold value of setting into
Row comparison.The threshold value is to realize voltage value set by the system different function.Balancing battery is (N+1) block monomer in battery pack
One of them in battery, such as N+1, specific embodiment is as follows:
The control method is during battery power discharge, the series electrical that is made of under normal operation N block single battery
The electric discharge of pond group, the series-connected cell group are made of any N block single battery, and the N block single battery can be by N block single battery
Or (N-1) block single battery and 1 block balance battery composition.
During battery power discharge, in case of emergency, when the series battery voltage of N block single battery composition is lower than
When normal power supply voltage, and (N+1) block single battery composition series battery voltage be higher than normal power supply voltage when, by (N+
1) block single battery composition series-connected cell group is powered, and is simultaneously emitted by alarm.
During battery power discharge, for the single battery being replaced, minimum voltage value when disconnecting is saved, suddenly
Voltage value after slightly disconnecting, until the single battery being replaced accesses circuit again and discharges.I.e. to the list not accessed
When body battery voltage data is handled, voltage value when single battery disconnecting circuit connection is selected, is prevented due to being replaced
Influence of the voltage recovery phenomenon to voltage data and threshold value comparison caused by the internal resistance of cell, and this is accidentally replaced battery and is connected again
It is connected in circuit.
When any unit cell voltage value is lower than first threshold V1, the switch of this single battery is disconnected, its electric discharge is stopped；
When any unit cell voltage value is lower than first threshold V1 and remaining single battery and balanced single battery form newly
Series connection group voltage be lower than second threshold V2, disconnect master switch, battery pack stop electric discharge；Otherwise, remaining battery continues to discharge；
When all unit cell voltage value, which are higher than first threshold V1, is lower than third threshold value V3, closure (N+1) block monomer electricity
Pond tandem tap makes the common electric discharge of entire battery pack (N+1) block single battery series connection, and sounds an alarm；
When being unsatisfactory for conditions above and any two pieces of voltage difference values among single batteries are higher than the 4th threshold value V4, off voltage is most
Low single battery switch, closure balancing battery switch, the single battery and other monomers for replacing voltage minimum with balancing battery
Battery discharged in series.
The first threshold V1 is discharge cut-off voltage, and second threshold V2 is normal supply voltage, and third threshold value V3 is police
Voltage is reported, the 4th threshold value V4 is voltage difference threshold value.
Fig. 6 is charging electric control method flow chart of the invention, and signal acquisition module 104 acquires 101 He of battery pack in real time
The voltage of its interior single battery, and the signal of acquisition is transferred to MCU control panel, MCU control panel handles signal.It will place
The signal of reason is compared with the 5th threshold value V5, and threshold value V5 is the voltage value for preventing single battery from overcharging and setting.
The string of any N (N >=2) block battery in battery pack may be implemented in 101 charging process of battery pack in the control method
Connection charging also may be implemented individually to charge to any single battery.
When any unit cell voltage value is higher than the 5th threshold value V5, this single battery tandem tap is disconnected, is stopped to it
Charging；It is automatically shifted to remaining battery simultaneously and continues series connection to charge, until fully charged number of batteries K=(N+1), i.e. (N
+ 1) block monomer battery voltage entirely reaches charge cutoff voltage.Master switch is disconnected, stops charging to battery pack.
If K < (N+1), when battery is not completely filled with, the battery number of charge cutoff voltage is reached according to unit cell voltage value
The ratio increased is measured, the charging voltage setting value of remaining series-connected cell group is proportionally reduced.
The 5th threshold value V5 is charge cutoff voltage.
To sum up, the present invention provides a kind of lithium battery Pressure and Control system and and its control method, select battery pack in one
Single battery is connect as balancing battery, by single battery with metal-oxide-semiconductor switching circuit.Electricity is acquired in real time by signal acquisition module
The voltage of pond group and single battery, and MCU control panel is transmitted the signal to, it is sent to equalizer circuit and temperature control modules
Signal controls the metal-oxide-semiconductor switch in equalizer circuit, realizes that the voltage of single battery is equal by any single battery alternating discharged in series
Weighing apparatus.Also, it is charged by the series connection of any single battery to battery pack, every piece of single battery is made to reach charge cutoff voltage.?
There is no the loss of other energy in balancing procedure, improve the utilization rate of energy, and reduce electronic component use and with
The connection of external circuitry, circuit is simple, reduces costs, and improves the reliability and safety of system.
It is described the invention in detail above in conjunction with accompanying drawings and embodiments, professional person can be according to the above description to this
Invention makes a variety of changes example.Thus, the present invention is directed to cover in scope of the appended claims included various modifications and
Equivalent arrangements.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of lithium battery Pressure and Control system, including battery pack, equalizer circuit, control unit, signal acquisition module and power supply
Module, it is characterised in that: the battery pack includes (N+1) block single battery, and the equalizer circuit includes connecting with the battery pack
The multiple switch unit connect, described control unit are connect with signal acquisition module, power module and equalizer circuit；
A single battery in the battery pack is balancing battery；Described control unit receives the signal of signal acquisition module, to
Equalizer circuit sends instruction, controls multiple switch unit in the equalizer circuit and opens or close, and realizes and connects electricity between single battery
The on-off on road；
Wherein, N is natural number, N >=2.
2. lithium battery Pressure and Control system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The monomer battery voltage signal of acquisition is sent to control unit by the signal acquisition module, and control unit processing obtains most
The single battery of low voltage value determines whether reach threshold value with the voltage difference of other monomers voltage, sends signal to equalizer circuit.
3. lithium battery Pressure and Control system according to claim 1, the switch unit includes metal-oxide-semiconductor switch.
4. lithium battery Pressure and Control system according to claim 1, described control unit control switch unit is opened or is closed, will
Balancing battery replaces the single battery of minimum voltage, connects and discharges with other monomers battery.
5. lithium battery Pressure and Control system according to claim 4, during battery power discharge, for the list being replaced
Body battery saves minimum voltage value when disconnecting, and ignores the voltage value after disconnecting, until the single battery being replaced
Access circuit discharges again.
6. lithium battery Pressure and Control system according to claim 1, control unit can be real by control switch unit open/close
At least 2 pieces of single battery series connection in existing battery pack.
7. lithium battery Pressure and Control system according to claim 6, which is characterized in that during battery power discharge, if N
When block battery series voltage value is not able to satisfy electric discharge and requires, control unit control balancing battery connect with N block battery to be carried out promptly
Power supply.
8. lithium battery Pressure and Control system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that during the charging process, to all lists
Body battery carries out serial connection charge, and when any monomer battery voltage reaches charge cutoff voltage, control unit control disconnects the list
Body battery, stopping charge to it, and control to continue to connect to remaining battery and charge, until (N+1) block monomer battery voltage
Entirely reach charge cutoff voltage.
9. lithium battery Pressure and Control system according to claim 8, which is characterized in that in battery pack charging process, root
Increase according to the number of batteries that the unit cell voltage value reaches charge cutoff voltage, control unit controls remaining series-connected cell group
Charging voltage reduce.
10. a kind of control method based on any one of the claim 1-9 lithium battery Pressure and Control system, it is characterised in that:
During battery power discharge, when any unit cell voltage value is lower than first threshold, control unit control disconnects this list
The connection of body battery and battery pack connects balancing battery with remaining battery；Judge whether battery voltage is lower than second threshold,
When being lower than second threshold, battery pack stops electric discharge；When all unit cell voltage value are higher than first threshold and are lower than third threshold
When value, make the common electric discharge of entire battery pack (N+1) block single battery series connection, and sound an alarm；When any two blocks of single battery electricity
When pressure difference is higher than four threshold values, the single battery and other single battery discharged in series that replace voltage minimum with balancing battery.
In battery pack charging process, when any unit cell voltage value is higher than five threshold values, this single battery, stopping pair being disconnected
It charges；Control continues series connection to remaining battery and charges, until (N+1) block monomer battery voltage entirely reaches charge cutoff
Voltage.
The first threshold be discharge cut-off voltage, second threshold be normal supply voltage, third threshold value be alarm voltage, the 4th
Threshold value is voltage difference threshold value, and the 5th threshold value is charge cutoff voltage.
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