WO2021227589A1 - Battery management system and vehicle - Google Patents

Battery management system and vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021227589A1
WO2021227589A1 PCT/CN2021/076796 CN2021076796W WO2021227589A1 WO 2021227589 A1 WO2021227589 A1 WO 2021227589A1 CN 2021076796 W CN2021076796 W CN 2021076796W WO 2021227589 A1 WO2021227589 A1 WO 2021227589A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
management system
power supply
battery management
switch
battery
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/076796
Other languages
French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
程洋
卢春宏
刘春阳
Original Assignee
华为数字能源技术有限公司
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Application filed by 华为数字能源技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为数字能源技术有限公司
Publication of WO2021227589A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021227589A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0063—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of circuits, and in particular to a battery management system and a vehicle.
  • the battery management system connects multiple battery packs in series to supply power to electric vehicles and other equipment.
  • a switch is arranged between every two adjacent battery packs. When the two ends of multiple battery packs connected in series are short-circuited by external forces such as collision, squeeze, etc., the switch between adjacent battery packs can be turned off to avoid DC high voltage in the battery management system, thereby reducing battery burnout, etc. Possibility of security risks.
  • the battery management system stops supplying power to the external device due to the disconnection of the switch set between the battery packs, and the power supply reliability of the battery management system is low.
  • the battery management system that supply power to electric vehicles and other equipment, a failure of a battery pack will cause the vehicle to fail to run, and the user experience will be low.
  • the present application provides a battery management system, which can provide electrical energy to external devices when part of the battery pack fails, with high reliability.
  • a battery management system is provided.
  • the battery management system is used to control the charging and discharging processes of multiple battery packs.
  • each of the power supply units is used to connect one battery pack among a plurality of battery packs;
  • the i-th power supply unit in the multiple power supply units includes a parallel DC branch and a switch branch, the DC branch It includes a switch circuit, when the switch circuit is turned off, the switch circuit is used to block the charging current and the discharging current of the i-th battery pack connected to the i-th power supply unit, and i is a positive integer.
  • the switch branch By setting the switch branch in parallel with the DC branch, when the battery pack connected to the DC branch of some power supply units fails, the DC branch can be bypassed, without affecting other power supply units to supply power to equipment outside the battery management system, improving The reliability of the battery management system.
  • the switch branch includes a first switch device
  • the first switch device includes a first switch tube and a first diode connected in parallel, and the first diode
  • the anode of the tube is connected to the cathode of the DC branch
  • the cathode of the first diode is connected to the anode of the DC branch.
  • the switching branch can block the battery when the switching branch includes only one switching device. Group charging current and discharging current, reducing the number of switching devices in the switching branch.
  • the switch circuit includes a second switch device and a third switch device; the second switch device includes a second switch tube and a second diode connected in parallel, and The third switching device includes a third switching tube and a third diode; the second switching device and the third switching device are arranged such that: when the second switching tube and the third switching tube are in an off state, The second diode and the third diode are not turned on at the same time.
  • the switching circuit can block the charging current and discharging current of the battery pack.
  • the second diode is a parasitic diode.
  • the switching device When the switching device adopts power devices such as metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET), the switching device includes a switching tube and a parasitic diode connected in parallel with the switching tube.
  • MOSFET metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor
  • the second switching device, the third switching device, and the i-th battery pack are connected in series.
  • the switching circuit can block the charging current and discharging current of the battery pack.
  • the direct current branch includes a direct current (DC)/DC converter
  • the DC/DC converter includes the third switching device.
  • All or part of the two switching devices of the switching circuit can also be located in the DC/DC converter.
  • Using the switching device in the DC/DC converter as the switching device in the switching circuit can reduce the number of switching devices in the DC branch.
  • the switch circuit includes an overcurrent protector.
  • the charging current and discharging current of the battery pack can be blocked by setting an over-current protector.
  • the battery management system further includes an inverter circuit configured to invert the direct current output from both ends of the multiple power supply units to output alternating current.
  • the battery management system can invert the direct current output from the two ends of multiple power supply units through an inverter to supply power to external devices.
  • the battery management system includes at least one bridge arm connected in parallel, each bridge arm includes two series-connected half-bridge arms, and each half-bridge arm includes a plurality of series-connected power supply units,
  • the battery management system is used to output alternating current, and the connection point between the two half bridge arms in each bridge arm is used to output one phase of the alternating current.
  • the voltage output at both ends of each half bridge arm in the battery management system can be changed over time, thereby obtaining alternating current.
  • a vehicle which is characterized by comprising a motor, a plurality of battery packs, and the battery management system of the first aspect, the battery management system being configured to receive DC power provided by the plurality of battery packs , The alternating current output from the battery management system is used to drive the motor.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a driving circuit of an electric vehicle.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery management system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery management system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a power supply unit provided by an embodiment of the present application under normal discharge conditions.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a power supply unit provided by an embodiment of the present application under normal charging conditions.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a power supply unit provided by an embodiment of the present application when abnormal charging is prevented.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a power supply unit provided by an embodiment of the present application when abnormal discharge is prevented.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a power supply unit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a power supply unit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery management system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery management system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • An electric vehicle refers to a vehicle that uses an on-board power supply as its power and drives its wheels with electric motors.
  • the safety of on-board power supplies affects the safety of electric vehicles.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a driving circuit of an electric vehicle.
  • the driving circuit 100 includes a battery management system 110 and an inverter 120.
  • the inverter 120 is used to invert the direct current (DC) output from the battery management system 110 to drive the motor M.
  • the connection between the battery management system 110 and the inverter 120 can be disconnected.
  • the battery management system 110 includes a plurality of battery packs and a plurality of switches connected in series.
  • a switch is arranged between every two adjacent battery packs. Therefore, when the battery management system 110 is subjected to a collision, squeezing, and other external forces that cause short circuits at both ends of a plurality of batteries connected in series, the switches between adjacent battery packs can be turned off, reducing the number of batteries in the battery management system 110 due to the series connection of the battery packs.
  • the high DC voltage may cause safety risks such as battery burnout.
  • the low efficiency of the two-level inverter and the poor quality of the output waveform have a certain impact on the performance of electric vehicles.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery management system.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery management system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery management system 200 is used to control the charging and discharging processes of a plurality of battery packs 211.
  • the battery management system 200 includes a plurality of power supply units 230 connected in series. Multiple power supply units 230 and multiple battery packs 211. Each power supply unit 230 is used to connect a battery pack 211. Each power supply unit 230 may also include a battery pack 211.
  • All or part of the power supply units 230 in the plurality of power supply units 230 include a DC branch 210 and a switch branch 220 connected in parallel.
  • the DC branch 210 includes a switch circuit 212.
  • the switch circuit 212 is used to transmit the charging current and discharging current of the battery pack 211.
  • the DC branch 210 may also include a battery pack 211.
  • the battery pack 211 may also be referred to as a power storage device, and the stored electric energy may include one or more batteries.
  • the charging current of the battery pack 211 is the current flowing through the battery pack 211 when the battery pack 211 is charged.
  • the discharge current of the battery pack 211 is the current that flows through the battery pack 211 when the battery pack 211 is discharged, and when power is supplied to the circuit outside the battery management system 200.
  • the switch circuit 212 is used to transmit the charging current and discharging current of the battery pack 211. When the battery pack 211 is normally charged, the switch circuit 212 is used to transmit the charging current. When the battery pack 211 is normally discharged, the switch circuit 212 is used to deliver the discharge current.
  • the switch When the switch is turned on, it can be used for current flow. When the switch is off, the circuit can be opened to interrupt the current flowing through the switch, that is, the current flow is blocked. Therefore, the switch circuit 212 can be used to block the charging current and discharging current of the battery pack connected to the power supply unit where the switch circuit 212 is located. When the battery pack 211 is abnormal, the charging current or discharging current of the battery pack is blocked by turning off the switch circuit 212.
  • Open circuit also called open circuit, refers to the state where the entire circuit is disconnected somewhere.
  • Series connection is one of the basic ways to connect circuit components. Using series connection, components (such as resistors, capacitors, inductors, electrical appliances, etc.) or circuits composed of components can be connected one by one end to end.
  • the series connection of a plurality of power supply units 230 that is, the positive pole of one power supply unit 230 is connected to the negative pole of another power supply unit 230.
  • Parallel connection is a connection method between components, which is characterized by connecting two or two groups of components first and second, and at the same time, the tail and tail are also connected.
  • the DC branch 210 and the switch branch 220 are connected in parallel. When the battery pack in the DC branch 210 fails, the DC branch 210 can be bypassed through the switch branch 220.
  • the switch circuit 212 avoids the impact of the battery pack’s failure on other components in the battery management system 200, and the switch circuit 212 bypasses the DC branch 210 where the battery pack is located, so as not to affect The normal operation of other components in the battery management system 200 improves the reliability of the battery management system 200.
  • the switch circuit 212 When the switch circuit 212 is turned off, the switch circuit 212 is used to block the charging current and discharging current of the battery pack 211. Therefore, the battery management system 200 can achieve higher reliability in both charging and discharging conditions.
  • the external power supply can be controlled to charge all or part of the battery pack, realizing active balance control, improving charging efficiency, and weakening each battery pack The difference between them extends the service life of the battery pack.
  • the number of power supply units 230 is set so that the maximum voltage of each power supply unit 230 is equal or unequal.
  • the number of power supply units 230 can be set reasonably according to the maximum voltage value of the battery management system 200.
  • the number of power supply units 230 is such that the maximum voltage of each power supply unit 230 is less than or equal to the safe voltage (for example, the safe voltage may be 60 volts (V) or 36V, etc.).
  • each power supply unit 230 may include a DC branch 210 and a switch branch 220 connected in parallel. That is, the switch branch 220 may correspond to the power supply unit 210 one-to-one. Therefore, each battery pack 211 can be bypassed, and the reliability of the battery management system 200 can be further improved. By bypassing the battery pack 211, that is, the battery pack 211 does not affect the normal operation of the battery management system 200.
  • the switching circuit can use power devices to realize the switching function.
  • Power devices can also be called power electronic devices or power semiconductor devices. They are mainly used for high-power electric energy conversion and control circuits of power equipment. High-power usually refers to a current of tens to thousands of amperes, or voltage For the case of hundreds of volts or more.
  • the switching circuit may include a switching device.
  • the switching device can be a voltage-driven power device or a current-driven power device.
  • Common voltage-driven power devices include insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT), metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFET), and integrated gate commutated thyristors (MOSFETs). thyristors, IGCT) etc.
  • IGBT insulated gate bipolar transistors
  • MOSFET metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors
  • MOSFETs integrated gate commutated thyristors
  • the switching circuit 212 may include a switching device. Each switching device can be a power device.
  • the power device is used to control whether the two ports of the power device are connected.
  • power devices such as MOSFETs and IGBTs, there are parasitic diodes between the two ports. That is, the power device is connected in parallel with the parasitic diode.
  • the battery pack 211 can be discharged to power other devices.
  • the battery pack 211 also needs to be charged. In both the discharging and charging of the battery pack 211, the direction of current flowing through the battery pack 211 is opposite.
  • the switch circuit 212 can disconnect and block the current flowing through the battery pack 211 in both the charging and discharging of the battery pack.
  • the switching circuit 212 may include two switching devices. Each switch device includes a switch tube and a diode connected in parallel. The two switching devices are arranged so that when the switching tubes in the two switching devices are both in the cut-off state, the diodes in the two switching devices are not turned on at the same time.
  • the switching branch 220 When the switching branch 220 is disconnected, the switching branch 220 allows the charging current and the discharging current of the battery pack 211 to flow through the DC branch 210. When the switch branch 220 is turned on, the switch branch bypasses the DC branch.
  • the switching branch 220 may include one or more switching devices.
  • the switch device in the switch branch 220 includes a switch tube and a diode connected in parallel, wherein the anode of the diode is connected to the cathode of the power supply unit 230 and the cathode of the diode is connected to the anode of the power supply unit 230.
  • the diode in the switching device may be a parasitic diode of the switching tube, or a diode arranged in parallel with the switching tube to increase the current path.
  • the DC branch 210 may further include a capacitor.
  • the capacitor can be connected in parallel with the battery pack.
  • the temperature of the battery pack 211 and the current flowing through the battery pack 211 can be detected in real time.
  • the switch circuit 212 is turned off, and the switch branch 220 is controlled to be turned on or off.
  • the switch circuit 212 may include a temperature sensitive switch.
  • the temperature-sensitive switch may be connected in series with the battery pack 211.
  • a temperature-sensitive switch can be connected to the positive electrode or the negative electrode of the battery pack 211. When the temperature exceeds a safe value, the temperature-sensitive switch is triggered to turn off, so that the current flowing through the battery pack 211 can be blocked.
  • the battery management system 200 can be used to output direct current.
  • the switch circuit 212 in each power supply unit can be controlled to be turned on, and the switch branch 220 is turned off, so that DC power can be output at both ends of the battery management system 200.
  • the switch circuit 212 in each power supply unit can be controlled to be turned on, and the switch branch 220 is turned off, so that DC power can be output at both ends of the battery management system 200.
  • the voltage of the DC power output by the battery management system 200 may change over time.
  • the number of the switch branches 220 that are turned on can be periodically controlled, so as to control the voltage value at both ends of the battery management system 200, so that the voltage value at both ends of the battery management system 200 changes periodically, for example, , Can be through the control of the switch branch 220 and the switch tube in the switch circuit 212 in each power supply unit. Therefore, AC power can be obtained at both ends of the load according to the DC power output by the battery management system 200 over time.
  • FIG. 12 It should be understood that when the switch branch 220 is turned on, the switch circuit 212 is turned off.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a power supply unit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the switching circuit 212 may include a switching device Q1 and a switching device Q2 connected in series.
  • the switch device Q1 includes a switch tube and a diode connected in parallel.
  • the switch device Q2 includes a parallel switch tube and a diode.
  • the switching device Q1, the switching device Q2, and the battery pack 211 are connected in series.
  • the switching device Q1 and the switching device Q2 may both be located at the positive electrode or the negative electrode of the battery pack 211. That is, one end of the switching device Q1 and the switching device Q2 is connected to the positive electrode or the negative electrode of the battery pack 211, and the other end is connected to the other switching device.
  • the anode of the diode in the switching device Q1 may be connected to the anode of the diode in the switching device Q2, or the cathode of the diode in the switching device Q1 may be connected to the cathode of the diode in the switching device Q2. That is to say, the diode in the switching device Q1 and the diode in the switching device Q2 can form a pair of tops.
  • one switching device may be connected to the positive electrode of the battery pack 211, and the other switching device may be connected to the negative electrode of the battery pack 211.
  • the anode of the diode of the switching device Q1 is connected to the anode of the battery pack 211, and the anode of the diode of the switching device Q1 is connected to the cathode of the battery pack 211.
  • the cathode of the diode of the switching device Q1 is connected to the anode of the battery pack 211, and the cathode of the diode of the switching device Q1 is connected to the cathode of the battery pack 211.
  • the two diodes in the two switching devices are not turned on at the same time, so that the switching circuit 212 can be completely turned off and disconnected.
  • the connection between the battery pack 211 and other components in the battery management system 200 avoids the loop formed by the battery pack 211 and other components, prevents the battery pack 211 from causing a more serious impact on the battery management system 200 when the battery pack 211 fails, and improves the battery management system 200 Security.
  • the switching branch 220 may include two switching devices. Each switch device may include a switch tube and a diode connected in parallel. The two switch devices in the switch branch 220 are arranged such that when the switch tubes in the two switch devices are both in the cut-off state, the diodes in the two switch devices are not turned on at the same time.
  • the switching branch 220 may also only include the switching device Q3, which can achieve effective shutdown.
  • the switch device Q3 includes a switch tube and a diode connected in parallel.
  • the anode of the diode in the switching device Q3 is connected to the cathode of the DC branch 210, and the cathode of the diode in the switching device Q3 is connected to the anode of the DC branch 210.
  • the positive and negative poles of the DC branch 210 can be determined.
  • the positive and negative poles of the battery pack When the battery pack is discharged, current flows from the positive electrode of the battery pack through the positive electrode of the DC branch 210, and flows to the negative electrode of the battery pack through the negative electrode of the DC branch 210.
  • the positive and negative poles of the power supply unit 230 can also be determined.
  • the positive pole of the DC branch 210 may be connected to the positive pole of the power supply unit 230.
  • the DC branch 210 may be connected to the negative electrode of the power supply unit 230.
  • the switching device Q3 can block the current flowing through Q3 to achieve effective shutdown.
  • the switching device Q3 can block the current flowing through Q3 to achieve effective shutdown.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a power supply unit provided by an embodiment of the present application under normal discharge conditions.
  • the switching tubes in the switching devices Q1 and Q2 are turned on, and the switching tube in the switching device Q3 is turned off.
  • the switch tubes in the switch devices Q1 and Q2 are turned on, the voltage across the switch device Q3 is equal to the voltage across the battery pack, the anode of the diode in the switch device Q3 is connected to the cathode of the battery pack, and the cathode of the diode is connected to the anode of the battery pack.
  • the diode is off.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a power supply unit provided by an embodiment of the present application under normal charging conditions.
  • the switching tubes in the switching devices Q1 and Q2 are turned on, and the switching tube in the switching device Q3 is turned off.
  • the positive electrode of the power supply unit 230 is connected to the positive electrode of the applied voltage
  • the negative electrode of the power supply unit 230 is connected to the negative electrode of the applied voltage.
  • the switching tubes in the switching devices Q1 and Q2 are turned on, the voltage across the switching device Q3 is equal to the voltage value of the applied voltage, and the diode in the switching device Q3 is turned off.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a power supply unit provided by an embodiment of the present application when abnormal charging is prevented.
  • the charging of the battery pack can be prevented by controlling the switch device in the power supply unit when charging the battery pack.
  • the switch tubes in the switch devices Q1 and Q2 are both cut off. Since the diodes in the switching devices Q1 and Q2 are not turned on at the same time, current does not flow through the battery pack.
  • the switching tube in the switching device Q3 can be controlled to be turned off.
  • the positive pole of the power supply unit 230 is connected to the positive pole of the applied voltage
  • the negative pole of the power supply unit 230 is connected to the negative pole of the applied voltage.
  • the switching tubes in the switching devices Q1 and Q2 are turned off, the voltage across the switching device Q3 is equal to the voltage value of the applied voltage, and the diode in the switching device Q3 is turned off. Therefore, no current flows in the power supply unit 230.
  • the battery management system 200 includes a plurality of power supply units 230 connected in series. Therefore, when charging the battery pack connected to the battery management system 200, the switching tubes in the switching devices Q1, Q2, and Q3 in the at least one power supply unit 230 are controlled to be turned off, so that the charging process can be stopped.
  • the switching tube in the switching device Q3 can be controlled to be turned on. At this time, the current flows from the positive pole of the power supply unit 230 to the negative pole of the power supply unit 230 through the switching device Q3. Therefore, when a battery pack in the battery management system 200 fails, the switching device Q3 in the power supply unit where the battery pack is located can be controlled to turn on, and the battery pack is bypassed, without affecting the battery pack in other power supply units. Charge.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a power supply unit provided by an embodiment of the present application when abnormal discharge is prevented.
  • the switching device in the power supply unit can be controlled to disconnect the battery pack from other components in the battery management system. Connect to avoid the impact of the battery pack on other power supply units in the battery management system.
  • the switch tubes in the switch devices Q1 and Q2 can be controlled to be turned off. Since the diodes in the switching devices Q1 and Q2 are not turned on at the same time, the current will not flow through the battery pack, avoiding the influence of the battery pack on other power supply units.
  • the switching tube in the switching device Q3 can be controlled to be turned off.
  • the switching tubes in the switching devices Q1 and Q2 are turned off, the voltage across the switching device Q3 is 0, and the diode in the switching device Q3 is turned off. Therefore, no current flows in the power supply unit 230.
  • the battery management system 200 includes a plurality of power supply units 230 connected in series. Therefore, when discharging the battery management system 200, the switching tubes in the switching devices Q1, Q2, and Q3 in the at least one power supply unit 230 are controlled to be turned off, so that the charging process can be stopped.
  • the switching tube in the switching device Q3 can be controlled to be turned on. At this time, the current flows from the positive pole of the power supply unit 230 to the negative pole of the power supply unit 230 through the switching device Q3. Therefore, when a battery pack connected to the battery management system 200 fails, the switching device Q3 in the power supply unit where the battery pack is located can be controlled to turn on, and the battery pack is bypassed, without affecting the power supply unit connected to other power supply units.
  • the battery pack supplies power to circuits or devices outside the battery management system 200.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a power supply unit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the switch circuit 212 may include an overcurrent protection circuit.
  • the overcurrent protection circuit is used to switch off when the current exceeds a preset value.
  • the overcurrent protection circuit may be a fuse F, for example.
  • a fuse can also be called a fuse. Using the fuse F as a switching device, when the current flowing through the battery pack 211 exceeds the fuse blowing current, the current flowing through the battery pack is blocked by blowing the fuse.
  • the fuse F can disconnect the loop formed by the battery pack 211 and other components in the battery management system 200, thereby improving the safety of the battery management system 200.
  • the switching circuit 212 may also switch the device Q1. When the battery pack is charged, the switching device Q1 can be controlled to be turned on or off, thereby controlling the voltage across the battery management system 200.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a power supply unit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the DC branch 210 may include a battery pack and a DC/DC converter and a battery pack 211.
  • the DC/DC converter may be a boost DC/DC converter, or a buck-boost DC/DC converter. Take the boost type DC/DC converter as an example for description.
  • the boost DC/DC converter may include an inductor L, a switching device Q4, a switching device Q5, and an output capacitor C.
  • the switch device Q4 includes a switch tube and a diode connected in parallel.
  • the switch device Q5 includes a switch tube and a diode connected in parallel.
  • the switch device Q5 When the battery pack 211 is discharged, when the switch tube in the switch device Q5 is turned on, the switch device Q5 bypasses the output capacitor C and the switch device Q4, and the battery pack 211 charges the inductor. When the switch in the switching device Q5 is turned off, the inductor L discharges, and the inductor L and the battery pack 211 jointly charge the output capacitor C.
  • the first end of the inductor L is connected to the positive electrode of the battery pack.
  • the second end of the inductor L is connected to the anode of the diode of the switching device Q4 and the cathode of the diode of the switching device Q5.
  • the cathode of the diode in the switching device Q4 is connected to the first end of the output capacitor C, and the second end of the output capacitor C is connected to the anode of the diode of the switching device Q5, and is connected to the first end of the switching branch 220.
  • the DC branch 210 also includes a switching device Q6.
  • the switch device Q6 includes a switch tube and a diode connected in parallel.
  • the anode of the diode in the switching device Q4 may be connected to the cathode of the diode in the switching device Q6.
  • the anode of the diode in the switching device Q6 is connected to the second end of the switching branch 220.
  • the battery pack 211 and the step-up DC/DC converter can be used as the DC power source of the power supply unit 230.
  • the switching device Q6 may be arranged between the connection point of the negative electrode of the battery pack, the switching device Q5, the second end of the output capacitor, and the switching branch 220.
  • the switching tube in the switching device Q6 is turned on, and each switching device in the step-up DC/DC converter is turned on or off according to the principle of boosting.
  • the switching tube in the switching device Q6 and the switching device Q4 is turned on, and the switching tube in the switching device Q5 is turned off, so that the external voltage is applied to both ends of the battery pack.
  • the switch tubes in the switch device Q6 and the switch device Q4 are cut off, thereby blocking the current flowing through the battery pack and avoiding the influence of the battery pack on other components of the battery management system.
  • the switch tube in the switch device Q3 can be turned on or off according to requirements.
  • the step-up DC/DC converter may further include a switching device Q6.
  • the switching device Q6 may be located between the cathode of the diode and the first end of the output capacitor C in the switching device Q4.
  • the anode of the diode in the switching device Q6 is connected to the cathode of the diode in the switching device Q4.
  • the switching device Q6 may be located between the anode of the diode and the anode of the battery pack in the switching device Q4.
  • the cathode of the diode in the switching device Q6 is connected to the cathode of the diode in the switching device Q4.
  • the switching tubes in the switching device Q4 and the switching device Q6 are turned on or off according to the principle of the step-up DC/DC converter.
  • the switching device Q4 and the switching device Q6 are turned on, so that the applied voltage is applied to both ends of the battery pack.
  • the switch tubes in the switch device Q4 and the switch device Q6 are turned off, blocking the current flowing through the battery pack.
  • the switch tube in the switch device Q3 is turned on or off according to demand.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the vehicle 2000 includes an electric motor 2030, a plurality of battery packs 2010, and a battery management system 2020.
  • the battery management system 2020 is used to receive the DC power provided by the multiple battery packs.
  • the AC power output by the battery management system 2020 is used to drive the motor 2030.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery management system 1100 may also be referred to as a driving device or a driving system.
  • the battery management system 1100 includes a plurality of power supply units 230 and inverters 1120 connected in series. The two ends of the multiple power supply units 230 connected in series output direct current.
  • the inverter circuit is used to invert the direct current output from the two ends of the multiple power supply units 230 connected in series to output alternating current to drive the motor.
  • the driving system 1100 may be applied in electric vehicles.
  • each power supply unit 230 may be the same or different.
  • the structure of the power supply unit 230 may refer to FIG. 3, FIG. 8, and FIG. 9. Take each power supply unit using the power supply unit shown in FIG. 3 as an example for description.
  • the multiple power supply units 230 connected in series may adopt distributed modules.
  • the highest voltage of each power supply unit 230 can be controlled within a safe voltage (60V).
  • the first switch circuit 212 blocks the current flowing through the battery pack 211 to prevent the multiple battery packs 211 from forming a low-impedance loop, thereby reducing the possibility of the battery management system 1100 being burned. Improve the safety of the battery management system 1100.
  • Each power supply unit 230 includes a DC branch 210 and a switch branch 220 connected in parallel.
  • the DC branch 210 includes a battery pack 211 and a switch circuit 212.
  • Each switching circuit 212 includes two switching devices, and each switching device includes a switching tube and a diode connected in parallel. Through the arrangement of the two switching devices, when the switching tubes of the two switching devices are both turned off, the diodes of the two switching devices are not turned on at the same time. Thereby, the switch circuit 212 can block the current flowing through the battery pack 211 to achieve reliable shutdown.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery management system.
  • the battery management system 1200 may also be referred to as a modular multi-level converter, a driving device, or a driving system.
  • the battery management system 1200 is used to convert the DC low voltage in each power supply unit 1210 into AC high voltage.
  • the battery management system 1200 includes at least one bridge arm, each bridge arm includes a first half bridge arm and a second half bridge arm connected in series, each of a plurality of first half bridge arms and a plurality of second half bridge arms
  • the arm includes a plurality of power supply units.
  • the battery management system 1200 is used to output alternating current, and the connection point between the two half bridge arms in each bridge arm is used to output one-phase alternating current in the alternating current.
  • the number of bridge arms in the battery management system 1200 is equal to the number of phases of the alternating current output by the battery management system 1200.
  • each first half bridge arm is connected to the first node, and the first end of each second bridge arm is connected to the second node.
  • the connection point between the second end of the first half bridge arm and the second end of the second half bridge arm is used to output alternating current.
  • Each half bridge arm may also include an inductor for filtering the output AC power.
  • the number of power supply units 1210 in each half bridge arm may be equal or unequal. When the number of power supply units 1210 in each half bridge arm is not equal, when the battery management system 1200 operates to output AC power, the half bridge arm including a larger number of power supply units 1210 has redundancy.
  • the battery management system 1200 may be used to drive a motor in an electric vehicle.
  • each power supply unit 1210 may be the same or different, and the structure of the power supply unit shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 8 or FIG. 9 may be adopted.
  • each power supply unit 1210 adopts the structure of the power supply unit 230 shown in FIG. 3 as an example Be explained.
  • the switch circuit 212 When the electric vehicle is running, if the battery pack 211 in a power supply unit 1210 is short-circuited, for the power supply unit 1210, the switch circuit 212 can be turned off and the switch branch 220 can be opened to isolate the battery pack 211.
  • one power supply unit 1210 can be selected in each of the other five half-bridge arms.
  • the switch circuit 212 can be turned off and the switch branch 220 can be opened. That is to say, the other five half bridge arms of the battery management system 1200 can be in a redundant operation state, which ensures the safe operation of the entire battery management system 1200 and improves the reliability of the battery management system 1200.
  • Using the battery management system 1100 or the battery management system 1200 to drive the motor in the electric vehicle can improve the safety and stability of the electric vehicle.
  • the switch circuit 212 in each power supply unit 230 can be quickly closed to block the flow of each battery Group of current.
  • the switch branch 220 is turned off, so that a high configuration is formed between the various power supply units.
  • the DC high voltage voltage formed by the series connection of multiple battery packs in the battery management system 1100 is quickly reduced to a safe voltage to prevent further failures from spreading. Adapt to harsh insulation failure environment and increase personnel escape time.
  • the voltage across one or more battery packs or the current flowing through one or more battery packs exceeds a safe value, but the temperature of the battery pack is safe Temperature requirements can control the switching circuit 212 in the power supply unit where the battery pack that has failed to be turned off, blocking the current flowing through each battery pack.
  • the switch branch 220 is turned on, so that other power supply units can operate normally, and the reliability of the driving device is improved. This allows the electric vehicle to travel to the maintenance point.
  • the switch branch 220 in some power supply units can be controlled to be turned on, which can only charge the battery packs in other power supply units, realize active balance control, improve charging efficiency, and extend the use of battery packs. life.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a method for controlling a battery management system, including: generating a control signal, the control control signal being used to control the battery management system described above; and sending the control signal to the battery management system.
  • the battery management system includes a plurality of power supply units connected in series, and each of the power supply units is used to connect a battery pack.
  • the i-th power supply unit of the plurality of power supply units includes a DC branch and a switch branch connected in parallel, the DC branch includes a switch circuit, and the switch circuit is used to block the charging current and the discharging current of the battery pack , I is a positive integer.
  • control signal is used to control the switching circuit to open, and the control signal is also used to control the switching branch to be turned on.
  • control signal is used to control the open circuit of the switch circuit, and the control signal is also used to control the open circuit of the switch branch.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a control device of a battery management system, including a processor and a communication interface.
  • the processor is used to generate a control signal
  • the control control signal is used to control the switch circuit and the switch branch in the aforementioned battery management system, so that the battery management system outputs alternating current or direct current.
  • the communication interface is used to send the control signal to the battery management system.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a computer program storage medium, which is characterized in that the computer program storage medium has program instructions, and when the program instructions are directly or indirectly executed, the foregoing method can be realized.
  • An embodiment of the present application further provides a chip system, wherein the chip system includes at least one processor, and when the program instructions are executed in the at least one processor, the foregoing method can be realized.
  • the disclosed system, device, and method can be implemented in other ways.
  • the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative, for example, the division of the units is only a logical function division, and there may be other divisions in actual implementation, for example, multiple units or components may be combined or It can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not implemented.
  • the displayed or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or they may be distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the objectives of the solutions of the embodiments.
  • the functional units in the various embodiments of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the function is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer readable storage medium.
  • the technical solution of the present application essentially or the part that contributes to the existing technology or the part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including Several instructions are used to make a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present application.
  • the aforementioned storage media include: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, ROM), random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), magnetic disk or optical disk and other media that can store program code .

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Abstract

A battery management system (200) and a vehicle. The battery management system (200) is used for controlling charging and discharging processes of a plurality of battery packs (211). The battery management system (200) comprises: a plurality of power supply units (230) which are connected in series, wherein the plurality of power supply units (230) are in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of battery packs (211), and each power supply unit (230) is used for being connected to a battery pack (211); and an ith power supply unit (230) among the plurality of power supply units (230) comprises a direct-current branch circuit (210) and a switch branch circuit (220) which are connected in parallel, wherein the direct-current branch circuit (210) comprises a switch circuit (212), and when the switch circuit (212) is turned off, the switch circuit (212) is used for blocking a charging current and a discharging current of an ith battery pack (211) connected to the ith power supply unit (230), and i is a positive integer. A switch branch circuit (220) connected in parallel to a direct-current branch circuit (210) is provided, such that when battery packs (211) connected to direct-current branch circuits (210) of some power supply units (230) fail, the direct-current branch circuit (210) can be bypassed, so that other power supply units (230) supplying power to a device outside the battery management system (200) is not affected, and the reliability of power supply is improved.

Description

电池管理***及车辆Battery management system and vehicle
本申请要求于2020年5月15日提交中国专利局、申请号为202010412680.3、申请名称为“电池管理***及车辆”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。This application claims the priority of a Chinese patent application filed with the Chinese Patent Office, the application number is 202010412680.3, and the application name is "Battery Management System and Vehicle" on May 15, 2020, the entire content of which is incorporated into this application by reference.
技术领域Technical field
本申请涉及电路领域，尤其涉及一种电池管理***及车辆。This application relates to the field of circuits, and in particular to a battery management system and a vehicle.
背景技术Background technique
电池管理***将多个电池组串联连接，为电动汽车等设备供电。每两个相邻的电池组之间设置有开关。在受到碰撞、挤压等外力作用导致多个串联的电池组的两端短路时，可以关断相邻的电池组之间的开关，避免电池管理***中的直流高压，从而降低出现电池烧毁等安全风险的可能性。The battery management system connects multiple battery packs in series to supply power to electric vehicles and other equipment. A switch is arranged between every two adjacent battery packs. When the two ends of multiple battery packs connected in series are short-circuited by external forces such as collision, squeeze, etc., the switch between adjacent battery packs can be turned off to avoid DC high voltage in the battery management system, thereby reducing battery burnout, etc. Possibility of security risks.
当仅有部分电池组发生故障，由于电池组之间设置的开关断开，电池管理***停止为外部设备供电，电池管理***的供电可靠性较低。特别是对于为电动汽车等设备供电的电池管理***，一个电池组的故障，将会导致车辆无法运行，用户体验较低。When only part of the battery pack fails, the battery management system stops supplying power to the external device due to the disconnection of the switch set between the battery packs, and the power supply reliability of the battery management system is low. Especially for battery management systems that supply power to electric vehicles and other equipment, a failure of a battery pack will cause the vehicle to fail to run, and the user experience will be low.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本申请提供一种电池管理***，能够在部分电池组故障的情况下，为外部设备提供电能，可靠性较高。The present application provides a battery management system, which can provide electrical energy to external devices when part of the battery pack fails, with high reliability.
第一方面，提供一种电池管理***，所述电池管理***用于多个电池组充放电过程的控制，包括多个串联的供电单元，所述多个供电单元与所述多个电池组一一对应，每个所述供电单元用于连接多个电池组中的一个电池组；所述多个供电单元中的第i供电单元包括并联的直流支路和开关支路，所述直流支路包括开关电路，当所述开关电路关断时，所述开关电路用于阻断所述第i供电单元连接的第i电池组的充电电流和放电电流，i为正整数。In a first aspect, a battery management system is provided. The battery management system is used to control the charging and discharging processes of multiple battery packs. In one correspondence, each of the power supply units is used to connect one battery pack among a plurality of battery packs; the i-th power supply unit in the multiple power supply units includes a parallel DC branch and a switch branch, the DC branch It includes a switch circuit, when the switch circuit is turned off, the switch circuit is used to block the charging current and the discharging current of the i-th battery pack connected to the i-th power supply unit, and i is a positive integer.
通过设置与直流支路并联的开关支路，在部分供电单元的直流支路连接的电池组故障时，可以旁路直流支路，不影响其他供电单元为电池管理***之外的设备供电，提高电池管理***的可靠性。By setting the switch branch in parallel with the DC branch, when the battery pack connected to the DC branch of some power supply units fails, the DC branch can be bypassed, without affecting other power supply units to supply power to equipment outside the battery management system, improving The reliability of the battery management system.
结合第一方面，在一些可能的实现方式中，所述开关支路包括第一开关装置，所述第一开关装置包括并联的第一开关管和第一二极管，所述第一二极管的正极与所述直流支路的负极连接，所述第一二极管的负极与所述直流支路的正极连接。With reference to the first aspect, in some possible implementation manners, the switch branch includes a first switch device, the first switch device includes a first switch tube and a first diode connected in parallel, and the first diode The anode of the tube is connected to the cathode of the DC branch, and the cathode of the first diode is connected to the anode of the DC branch.
通过在开关支路中设置第一开关装置，并合理设置第一开关装置中二极管的正负极，可以使得开关支路在仅包括一个开关装置的情况下，就使得开关支路能够阻断电池组充电电流和放电电流，减少开关支路中的开关装置数量。By arranging the first switching device in the switching branch and reasonably setting the positive and negative poles of the diodes in the first switching device, the switching branch can block the battery when the switching branch includes only one switching device. Group charging current and discharging current, reducing the number of switching devices in the switching branch.
结合第一方面，在一些可能的实现方式中，所述开关电路包括第二开关装置、第三开关装置；所述第二开关装置包括并联的第二开关管和第二二极管，所述第三开关装置包括第三开关管和第三二极管；所述第二开关装置和第三开关装置的设置使得：当所述第二开关管和所述第三开关管处于截止状态时，所述第二二极管和所述第三二极管不同时导通。With reference to the first aspect, in some possible implementations, the switch circuit includes a second switch device and a third switch device; the second switch device includes a second switch tube and a second diode connected in parallel, and The third switching device includes a third switching tube and a third diode; the second switching device and the third switching device are arranged such that: when the second switching tube and the third switching tube are in an off state, The second diode and the third diode are not turned on at the same time.
通过在开关电路中设置两个开关装置，并对开关装置中二极管的方向合理设置，实现开关电路对电池组的充电电流和放电电流的阻断。By arranging two switching devices in the switching circuit and reasonably setting the direction of the diode in the switching device, the switching circuit can block the charging current and discharging current of the battery pack.
结合第一方面，在一些可能的实现方式中，所述第二二极管为寄生二极管。With reference to the first aspect, in some possible implementation manners, the second diode is a parasitic diode.
当开关装置采用金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor，MOSFET)等功率器件时，开关装置包括开关管以及与开关管并联的寄生二极管。When the switching device adopts power devices such as metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET), the switching device includes a switching tube and a parasitic diode connected in parallel with the switching tube.
结合第一方面，在一些可能的实现方式中，所述第二开关装置、所述第三开关装置、所述第i电池组串联连接。With reference to the first aspect, in some possible implementation manners, the second switching device, the third switching device, and the i-th battery pack are connected in series.
通过将开关电路的两个开关装置与电池组串联连接，可以实现开关电路对电池组的充电电流和放电电流的阻断。By connecting the two switching devices of the switching circuit in series with the battery pack, the switching circuit can block the charging current and discharging current of the battery pack.
结合第一方面，在一些可能的实现方式中，所述直流支路包括直流(direct current，DC)/DC转换器，所述DC/DC转换器包括所述第三开关装置。With reference to the first aspect, in some possible implementation manners, the direct current branch includes a direct current (DC)/DC converter, and the DC/DC converter includes the third switching device.
开关电路的两个开关装置中的全部或部分也可以位于DC/DC转换器中。将DC/DC转换器中的开关装置作为开关电路中的开关装置，可以减少直流支路中的开关装置的数量。All or part of the two switching devices of the switching circuit can also be located in the DC/DC converter. Using the switching device in the DC/DC converter as the switching device in the switching circuit can reduce the number of switching devices in the DC branch.
结合第一方面，在一些可能的实现方式中，所述开关电路包括过流保护器。With reference to the first aspect, in some possible implementation manners, the switch circuit includes an overcurrent protector.
可以通过设置过流保护器实现对电池组的充电电流和放电电流的阻断。The charging current and discharging current of the battery pack can be blocked by setting an over-current protector.
结合第一方面，在一些可能的实现方式中，电池管理***还包括逆变电路，所述逆变电路用于将所述多个供电单元两端输出的直流电进行逆变以输出交流电。With reference to the first aspect, in some possible implementation manners, the battery management system further includes an inverter circuit configured to invert the direct current output from both ends of the multiple power supply units to output alternating current.
电池管理***可以通过逆变器将多个供电单元两端输出直流电进行逆变，为外部设备供电。The battery management system can invert the direct current output from the two ends of multiple power supply units through an inverter to supply power to external devices.
结合第一方面，在一些可能的实现方式中，电池管理***包括并联的至少一个桥臂，每个桥臂包括两个串联的半桥臂，每个半桥臂包括多个串联的供电单元，所述电池管理***用于输出交流电，每个桥臂中的两个半桥臂之间的连接点用于输出所述交流电中的一相。With reference to the first aspect, in some possible implementations, the battery management system includes at least one bridge arm connected in parallel, each bridge arm includes two series-connected half-bridge arms, and each half-bridge arm includes a plurality of series-connected power supply units, The battery management system is used to output alternating current, and the connection point between the two half bridge arms in each bridge arm is used to output one phase of the alternating current.
通过对电池管理***的控制，可以使得电池管理***中每个半桥臂两端输出的电压随时间变化，从而得到交流电。Through the control of the battery management system, the voltage output at both ends of each half bridge arm in the battery management system can be changed over time, thereby obtaining alternating current.
第二方面，提供一种车辆，其特征在于，包括电机，多个电池组，以及第一方面所述的电池管理***，所述电池管理***用于接收所述多个电池组提供的直流电能，所述电池管理***输出的交流电用于驱动所述电机。In a second aspect, a vehicle is provided, which is characterized by comprising a motor, a plurality of battery packs, and the battery management system of the first aspect, the battery management system being configured to receive DC power provided by the plurality of battery packs , The alternating current output from the battery management system is used to drive the motor.
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1是一种电动汽车的驱动电路的示意性结构图。Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a driving circuit of an electric vehicle.
图2是本申请实施例提供的一种电池管理***的示意性结构图。Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery management system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
图3是本申请实施例提供的一种电池管理***的示意性结构图。Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery management system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
图4是本申请实施例提供的供电单元在正常放电情况下的示意性结构图。Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a power supply unit provided by an embodiment of the present application under normal discharge conditions.
图5是本申请实施例提供的供电单元在正常充电情况下的示意性结构图。Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a power supply unit provided by an embodiment of the present application under normal charging conditions.
图6是本申请实施例提供的供电单元在阻止异常充电情况下的示意性结构图。Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a power supply unit provided by an embodiment of the present application when abnormal charging is prevented.
图7是本申请实施例提供的供电单元在阻止异常放电情况下的示意性结构图。Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a power supply unit provided by an embodiment of the present application when abnormal discharge is prevented.
图8是本申请实施例提供的一种供电单元的示意性结构图。FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a power supply unit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
图9是本申请实施例提供的一种供电单元的示意性结构图。FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a power supply unit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
图10是本申请实施例提供的一种车辆的示意性结构图。FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present application.
图11是本申请实施例提供的一种电池管理***的示意性结构图。FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery management system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
图12是本申请实施例提供的一种电池管理***的示意性结构图。FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery management system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合附图，对本申请中的技术方案进行描述。The technical solution in this application will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
电动汽车是指以车载电源为动力，用电机驱动车轮行驶的车辆。车载电源的安全性影响着电动汽车的安全性。An electric vehicle refers to a vehicle that uses an on-board power supply as its power and drives its wheels with electric motors. The safety of on-board power supplies affects the safety of electric vehicles.
图1是一种电动汽车的驱动电路的示意性结构图。Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a driving circuit of an electric vehicle.
驱动电路100包括电池管理***110和逆变器120。逆变器120用于对电池管理***110输出的直流(direct current，DC)电进行逆变，以驱动电机M。The driving circuit 100 includes a battery management system 110 and an inverter 120. The inverter 120 is used to invert the direct current (DC) output from the battery management system 110 to drive the motor M.
当一个或多个电池出现异常时，可以断开电池管理***110与逆变器120的连接。When one or more batteries are abnormal, the connection between the battery management system 110 and the inverter 120 can be disconnected.
电池管理***110包括串联的多个电池组和多个开关。每两个相邻的电池组之间设置有开关。从而在电池管理***110受到碰撞、挤压等外力作用导致多个串联的电池的两端短路时，可以关断相邻的电池组之间的开关，降低由于电池组串联使得电池管理***110中的直流高压可能导致的电池烧毁等安全风险。The battery management system 110 includes a plurality of battery packs and a plurality of switches connected in series. A switch is arranged between every two adjacent battery packs. Therefore, when the battery management system 110 is subjected to a collision, squeezing, and other external forces that cause short circuits at both ends of a plurality of batteries connected in series, the switches between adjacent battery packs can be turned off, reducing the number of batteries in the battery management system 110 due to the series connection of the battery packs. The high DC voltage may cause safety risks such as battery burnout.
当一个电池组出现故障，断开电池组之间的开关，将导致电池管理***110无法输出电能，电池管理***110的可靠性较低。When a battery pack fails, disconnecting the switch between the battery packs will cause the battery management system 110 to fail to output electric energy, and the reliability of the battery management system 110 is low.
此外，两电平逆变器效率低、输出波形质量差，对电动汽车的性能有一定影响。In addition, the low efficiency of the two-level inverter and the poor quality of the output waveform have a certain impact on the performance of electric vehicles.
为了解决上述问题，本申请实施例提供了一种电池管理***。In order to solve the foregoing problem, an embodiment of the present application provides a battery management system.
图2是本申请实施例提供的一种电池管理***的示意性结构图。电池管理***200用于多个电池组211充放电过程的控制。Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery management system provided by an embodiment of the present application. The battery management system 200 is used to control the charging and discharging processes of a plurality of battery packs 211.
电池管理***200包括多个串联的供电单元230。多个供电单元230与多个电池组211。每个供电单元230用于连接一个电池组211。每个供电单元230也可以包括电池组211。The battery management system 200 includes a plurality of power supply units 230 connected in series. Multiple power supply units 230 and multiple battery packs 211. Each power supply unit 230 is used to connect a battery pack 211. Each power supply unit 230 may also include a battery pack 211.
多个供电单元230中的全部或部分供电单元230包括并联的直流支路210和开关支路220。All or part of the power supply units 230 in the plurality of power supply units 230 include a DC branch 210 and a switch branch 220 connected in parallel.
直流支路210包括开关电路212。开关电路212用于传输电池组211的充电电流和放电电流。直流支路210也可以包括电池组211。The DC branch 210 includes a switch circuit 212. The switch circuit 212 is used to transmit the charging current and discharging current of the battery pack 211. The DC branch 210 may also include a battery pack 211.
电池组211也可以称为蓄电装置，用于储存的电能，可以包括一个或多个电池。电池组211的充电电流，即为电池组211充电时流过电池组211的电流。电池组211的放电电流，即为电池组211放电，为电池管理***200之外的电路供电时流过电池组211的电流。The battery pack 211 may also be referred to as a power storage device, and the stored electric energy may include one or more batteries. The charging current of the battery pack 211 is the current flowing through the battery pack 211 when the battery pack 211 is charged. The discharge current of the battery pack 211 is the current that flows through the battery pack 211 when the battery pack 211 is discharged, and when power is supplied to the circuit outside the battery management system 200.
开关电路212用于传输电池组211的充电电流和放电电流。在电池组211正常充电时，开关电路212用于传输充电电流。在电池组211正常放电时，开关电路212用于传输放电 电流。The switch circuit 212 is used to transmit the charging current and discharging current of the battery pack 211. When the battery pack 211 is normally charged, the switch circuit 212 is used to transmit the charging current. When the battery pack 211 is normally discharged, the switch circuit 212 is used to deliver the discharge current.
开关导通时，可以用于电流的流通。开关断开时，可以使电路开路，使流经该开关的电流中断，即阻断电流的流通。因此，开关电路212可以用于阻断开关电路212所在的供电单元所连接的电池组的充电电流和放电电流。当电池组211出现异常时，通过关断开关电路212阻断电池组的充电电流或放电电流。开路，也可以称为断路，指整个电路在某处断开的状态。When the switch is turned on, it can be used for current flow. When the switch is off, the circuit can be opened to interrupt the current flowing through the switch, that is, the current flow is blocked. Therefore, the switch circuit 212 can be used to block the charging current and discharging current of the battery pack connected to the power supply unit where the switch circuit 212 is located. When the battery pack 211 is abnormal, the charging current or discharging current of the battery pack is blocked by turning off the switch circuit 212. Open circuit, also called open circuit, refers to the state where the entire circuit is disconnected somewhere.
串联(series connection)是连接电路元件的基本方式之一。采用串联连接的方式，可以将元器件(如电阻、电容、电感、用电器等)或元器件组成的电路逐个顺次首尾相连接。多个供电单元230的串联，即一个供电单元230的正极连接另一个供电单元230的负极。Series connection is one of the basic ways to connect circuit components. Using series connection, components (such as resistors, capacitors, inductors, electrical appliances, etc.) or circuits composed of components can be connected one by one end to end. The series connection of a plurality of power supply units 230, that is, the positive pole of one power supply unit 230 is connected to the negative pole of another power supply unit 230.
并联是元件之间的一种连接方式，其特点是将2个或两组元器件等首首相接，同时尾尾亦相连。直流支路210和开关支路220并联，在直流支路210中的电池组发生故障时，可以通过开关支路220旁路该直流支路210。Parallel connection is a connection method between components, which is characterized by connecting two or two groups of components first and second, and at the same time, the tail and tail are also connected. The DC branch 210 and the switch branch 220 are connected in parallel. When the battery pack in the DC branch 210 fails, the DC branch 210 can be bypassed through the switch branch 220.
在电池组发生故障时，通过开关电路212，避免该电池组的故障对电池管理***200中其他元器件的影响，通过开关电路212将该电池组所在的直流支路210旁路，从而不影响电池管理***200中的其他元器件的正常工作，提高电池管理***200的可靠性。When the battery pack fails, the switch circuit 212 avoids the impact of the battery pack’s failure on other components in the battery management system 200, and the switch circuit 212 bypasses the DC branch 210 where the battery pack is located, so as not to affect The normal operation of other components in the battery management system 200 improves the reliability of the battery management system 200.
当开关电路212关断时，开关电路212用于阻断电池组211的充电电流和放电电流，因此，在充电情况和放电情况下，电池管理***200均能够实现较高的可靠性。When the switch circuit 212 is turned off, the switch circuit 212 is used to block the charging current and discharging current of the battery pack 211. Therefore, the battery management system 200 can achieve higher reliability in both charging and discharging conditions.
在充电情况下，通过监控各个电池组的充电情况，通过控制开关电路212和开关支路220，可以控制外加电源为全部或部分电池组充电，实现主动均衡控制，提高充电效率，弱化各个电池组之间的差异，延长电池组的使用寿命。In the case of charging, by monitoring the charging status of each battery pack, by controlling the switch circuit 212 and the switch branch 220, the external power supply can be controlled to charge all or part of the battery pack, realizing active balance control, improving charging efficiency, and weakening each battery pack The difference between them extends the service life of the battery pack.
供电单元230数量的设置，可以使得每个供电单元230的电压最大值相等或不相等。The number of power supply units 230 is set so that the maximum voltage of each power supply unit 230 is equal or unequal.
供电单元230数量可以根据电池管理***200的最大电压值合理设置。例如，供电单元230的数量使得每个供电单元230的最大电压小于或等于安全电压(例如，安全电压可以是60伏(V)或36V等)。The number of power supply units 230 can be set reasonably according to the maximum voltage value of the battery management system 200. For example, the number of power supply units 230 is such that the maximum voltage of each power supply unit 230 is less than or equal to the safe voltage (for example, the safe voltage may be 60 volts (V) or 36V, etc.).
在一些实施例中，每个供电单元230可以包括并联的直流支路210和开关支路220。即开关支路220可以与供电单元210一一对应。从而，可以旁路每个电池组211，进一步提高电池管理***200的可靠性。旁路电池组211，即使得电池组211不影响电池管理***200的正常运行。In some embodiments, each power supply unit 230 may include a DC branch 210 and a switch branch 220 connected in parallel. That is, the switch branch 220 may correspond to the power supply unit 210 one-to-one. Therefore, each battery pack 211 can be bypassed, and the reliability of the battery management system 200 can be further improved. By bypassing the battery pack 211, that is, the battery pack 211 does not affect the normal operation of the battery management system 200.
一般情况下，开关电路可以采用功率器件实现开关功能。功率器件也可以称为电力电子器件(power electronic device)或功率半导体器件，主要用于电力设备的大功率的电能变换和控制电路等，大功率通常指电流为数十至数千安，或者电压为数百伏以上的情况。In general, the switching circuit can use power devices to realize the switching function. Power devices can also be called power electronic devices or power semiconductor devices. They are mainly used for high-power electric energy conversion and control circuits of power equipment. High-power usually refers to a current of tens to thousands of amperes, or voltage For the case of hundreds of volts or more.
开关电路可以包括开关装置。开关装置可以采用电压驱动式功率器件，也可以采用电流驱动式功率器件。The switching circuit may include a switching device. The switching device can be a voltage-driven power device or a current-driven power device.
常见电压驱动式功率器件包括绝缘栅双极晶体管(insulate-gate bipolar transistor，IGBT)、金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor，MOSFET)、集成门极换流晶闸管(integrated gate commutated thyristors，IGCT)等。Common voltage-driven power devices include insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT), metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFET), and integrated gate commutated thyristors (MOSFETs). thyristors, IGCT) etc.
开关电路212可以包括开关装置。每个开关装置可以为一个功率器件。功率器件用于控制该功率器件两个端口之间的是否连接。在MOSFET、IGBT等功率器件中，该两个端口之间还存在寄生二极管。也就是说，功率器件与该寄生二极管并联连接。The switching circuit 212 may include a switching device. Each switching device can be a power device. The power device is used to control whether the two ports of the power device are connected. In power devices such as MOSFETs and IGBTs, there are parasitic diodes between the two ports. That is, the power device is connected in parallel with the parasitic diode.
由于寄生二极管的存在，当功率器件关断时，电流可能由寄生二极管的正极流向负极，无法完全实现关断。Due to the existence of the parasitic diode, when the power device is turned off, current may flow from the anode to the cathode of the parasitic diode, and the shutdown cannot be completely realized.
电池组211可以放电，从而为其他设备供电。电池组211还需要充电。在电池组211放电和充电两种情况下，流经电池组211的电流方向相反。The battery pack 211 can be discharged to power other devices. The battery pack 211 also needs to be charged. In both the discharging and charging of the battery pack 211, the direction of current flowing through the battery pack 211 is opposite.
开关电路212在电池组的充电和放电两种情况下均能够断开阻断流经电池组211的电流。The switch circuit 212 can disconnect and block the current flowing through the battery pack 211 in both the charging and discharging of the battery pack.
开关电路212可以包括两个开关装置。每个开关装置包括并联的开关管和二极管。该两个开关装置的设置使得，当该两个开关装置中的开关管均处于截止状态时，该两个开关装置中的二极管不同时导通。The switching circuit 212 may include two switching devices. Each switch device includes a switch tube and a diode connected in parallel. The two switching devices are arranged so that when the switching tubes in the two switching devices are both in the cut-off state, the diodes in the two switching devices are not turned on at the same time.
开关支路220断开时，开关支路220使得所述电池组211的充电电流和放电电流流经直流支路210。开关支路220导通时，开关支路将直流支路旁路。When the switching branch 220 is disconnected, the switching branch 220 allows the charging current and the discharging current of the battery pack 211 to flow through the DC branch 210. When the switch branch 220 is turned on, the switch branch bypasses the DC branch.
开关支路220可以包括一个或多个开关装置。例如，开关支路220中的开关装置包括并联的开关管和二极管，其中，二极管的正极连接供电单元230的负极，二极管的负极连接供电单元230的正极。开关装置中的二极管可以是开关管的寄生二极管，也可以是为了增加电流通路与开关管并联设置的二极管。The switching branch 220 may include one or more switching devices. For example, the switch device in the switch branch 220 includes a switch tube and a diode connected in parallel, wherein the anode of the diode is connected to the cathode of the power supply unit 230 and the cathode of the diode is connected to the anode of the power supply unit 230. The diode in the switching device may be a parasitic diode of the switching tube, or a diode arranged in parallel with the switching tube to increase the current path.
为了提高直流支路210输出的电压稳定性，直流支路210还可以包括电容。电容可以与电池组并联。In order to improve the voltage stability of the output of the DC branch 210, the DC branch 210 may further include a capacitor. The capacitor can be connected in parallel with the battery pack.
可以通过对电池组211的温度、流过电池组211电流等进行实时检测，在满足预设条件时，关断开关电路212，并控制开关支路220导通或关断。The temperature of the battery pack 211 and the current flowing through the battery pack 211 can be detected in real time. When a preset condition is met, the switch circuit 212 is turned off, and the switch branch 220 is controlled to be turned on or off.
示例性地，开关电路212可以包括温敏开关。温敏开关可以与电池组211串联连接。可以在电池组211的正极或负极连接温敏开关。当温度超过安全值时，触发温敏开关关断，从而可以阻断流过电池组211的电流。Exemplarily, the switch circuit 212 may include a temperature sensitive switch. The temperature-sensitive switch may be connected in series with the battery pack 211. A temperature-sensitive switch can be connected to the positive electrode or the negative electrode of the battery pack 211. When the temperature exceeds a safe value, the temperature-sensitive switch is triggered to turn off, so that the current flowing through the battery pack 211 can be blocked.
电池管理***200可以用于输出直流电。在电池管理***200正常放电的情况下，可以控制每个供电单元中的开关电路212导通，开关支路220关断，从而，在电池管理***200两端可以输出直流电。具体可以参见图11的说明。The battery management system 200 can be used to output direct current. When the battery management system 200 is normally discharged, the switch circuit 212 in each power supply unit can be controlled to be turned on, and the switch branch 220 is turned off, so that DC power can be output at both ends of the battery management system 200. For details, refer to the description of FIG. 11.
电池管理***200输出的直流电的电压可以随时间变化。在电池管理***200正常放电的情况下，可以周期性控制开关支路220导通的数量，从而控制电池管理***200两端的电压值，以使得电池管理***200两端的电压值周期性变化，例如，可以通过对每个供电单元中开关支路220和开关电路212中开关管的控制。从而可以根据电池管理***200输出的随时间变化的直流电，在负载两端得到交流电，具体可以参见图12的说明。应当理解，开关支路220导通时，开关电路212关断。The voltage of the DC power output by the battery management system 200 may change over time. When the battery management system 200 is normally discharged, the number of the switch branches 220 that are turned on can be periodically controlled, so as to control the voltage value at both ends of the battery management system 200, so that the voltage value at both ends of the battery management system 200 changes periodically, for example, , Can be through the control of the switch branch 220 and the switch tube in the switch circuit 212 in each power supply unit. Therefore, AC power can be obtained at both ends of the load according to the DC power output by the battery management system 200 over time. For details, please refer to the description of FIG. 12. It should be understood that when the switch branch 220 is turned on, the switch circuit 212 is turned off.
图3是本申请实施例提供的一种供电单元的示意性结构图。Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a power supply unit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
开关电路212可以包括串联的开关装置Q1和开关装置Q2。The switching circuit 212 may include a switching device Q1 and a switching device Q2 connected in series.
开关装置Q1包括并联的开关管和二极管。开关装置Q2包括并联开关管和二极管。The switch device Q1 includes a switch tube and a diode connected in parallel. The switch device Q2 includes a parallel switch tube and a diode.
开关装置Q1、开关装置Q2、电池组211串联连接。The switching device Q1, the switching device Q2, and the battery pack 211 are connected in series.
示例性地，开关装置Q1、开关装置Q2可以均位于电池组211的正极或负极。也就是说，开关装置Q1、开关装置Q2中的一个开关装置的一端与电池组211的正极或负极，另一端与另一个开关装置连接。Exemplarily, the switching device Q1 and the switching device Q2 may both be located at the positive electrode or the negative electrode of the battery pack 211. That is, one end of the switching device Q1 and the switching device Q2 is connected to the positive electrode or the negative electrode of the battery pack 211, and the other end is connected to the other switching device.
开关装置Q1中的二极管的正极可以连接开关装置Q2中的二极管的正极，或者，开 关装置Q1中的二极管的负极可以连接开关装置Q2中的二极管的负极。也就是说，开关装置Q1中的二极管与开关装置Q2中的二极管可以形成对顶。The anode of the diode in the switching device Q1 may be connected to the anode of the diode in the switching device Q2, or the cathode of the diode in the switching device Q1 may be connected to the cathode of the diode in the switching device Q2. That is to say, the diode in the switching device Q1 and the diode in the switching device Q2 can form a pair of tops.
示例性地，开关装置Q1、开关装置Q2中，一个开关装置可以与电池组211的正极连接，另一个开关装置可以与电池组211的负极连接。Exemplarily, among the switching devices Q1 and Q2, one switching device may be connected to the positive electrode of the battery pack 211, and the other switching device may be connected to the negative electrode of the battery pack 211.
开关装置Q1的二极管的正极与电池组211的正极连接，开关装置Q1的二极管的正极与电池组211的负极连接。The anode of the diode of the switching device Q1 is connected to the anode of the battery pack 211, and the anode of the diode of the switching device Q1 is connected to the cathode of the battery pack 211.
或者，开关装置Q1的二极管的负极与电池组211的正极连接，开关装置Q1的二极管的负极与电池组211的负极连接。Alternatively, the cathode of the diode of the switching device Q1 is connected to the anode of the battery pack 211, and the cathode of the diode of the switching device Q1 is connected to the cathode of the battery pack 211.
通过设置开关装置Q1和Q2，并且使得该两个开关装置中的开关管均截止时，该两个开关装置中的两个二极管不同时导通，从而开关电路212能够实现完全关断，断开电池组211与电池管理***200中其他元器件的连接，避免电池组211与其他元器件形成的回路，避免电池组211故障时对电池管理***200造成更为严重的影响，提高电池管理***200的安全性。By setting the switching devices Q1 and Q2, and making the switching tubes in the two switching devices cut off, the two diodes in the two switching devices are not turned on at the same time, so that the switching circuit 212 can be completely turned off and disconnected. The connection between the battery pack 211 and other components in the battery management system 200 avoids the loop formed by the battery pack 211 and other components, prevents the battery pack 211 from causing a more serious impact on the battery management system 200 when the battery pack 211 fails, and improves the battery management system 200 Security.
开关支路220可以包括两个开关装置。每个开关装置可以包括并联的开关管和二极管。开关支路220中两个开关装置的设置使得：当该两个开关装置中的开关管均处于截止状态时，该两个开关装置中的二极管不同时导通。The switching branch 220 may include two switching devices. Each switch device may include a switch tube and a diode connected in parallel. The two switch devices in the switch branch 220 are arranged such that when the switch tubes in the two switch devices are both in the cut-off state, the diodes in the two switch devices are not turned on at the same time.
开关支路220也可以仅包括开关装置Q3，可以实现有效关断。开关装置Q3包括并联的开关管和二极管。开关装置Q3中的二极管的正极连接直流支路210的负极，开关装置Q3中的二极管的负极连接直流支路210的正极。The switching branch 220 may also only include the switching device Q3, which can achieve effective shutdown. The switch device Q3 includes a switch tube and a diode connected in parallel. The anode of the diode in the switching device Q3 is connected to the cathode of the DC branch 210, and the cathode of the diode in the switching device Q3 is connected to the anode of the DC branch 210.
根据供电单元230中连接的电池组的正负极，可以确定直流支路210的正负极。电池组放电时，电流从电池组的正极经过直流支路210的正极流出，经直流支路210的负极流向电池组的负极。同理，根据电池组的正负极，也可以确定供电单元230的正负极。直流支路210的正极可以连接供电单元230的正极。直流支路210可以连接供电单元230的负极。According to the positive and negative poles of the battery pack connected in the power supply unit 230, the positive and negative poles of the DC branch 210 can be determined. When the battery pack is discharged, current flows from the positive electrode of the battery pack through the positive electrode of the DC branch 210, and flows to the negative electrode of the battery pack through the negative electrode of the DC branch 210. Similarly, according to the positive and negative poles of the battery pack, the positive and negative poles of the power supply unit 230 can also be determined. The positive pole of the DC branch 210 may be connected to the positive pole of the power supply unit 230. The DC branch 210 may be connected to the negative electrode of the power supply unit 230.
在电池组充电或电池组放电的情况下，开关装置Q3均可以阻断流经Q3的电流，实现有效关断。具体的，可以参见图4至8的说明。In the case of battery pack charging or battery pack discharging, the switching device Q3 can block the current flowing through Q3 to achieve effective shutdown. For details, please refer to the description of FIGS. 4 to 8.
图4是本申请实施例提供的供电单元在正常放电情况下的示意性结构图。Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a power supply unit provided by an embodiment of the present application under normal discharge conditions.
供电单元230正常放电时，开关装置Q1和Q2中的开关管导通，开关装置Q3中的开关管截止。When the power supply unit 230 is normally discharged, the switching tubes in the switching devices Q1 and Q2 are turned on, and the switching tube in the switching device Q3 is turned off.
开关装置Q1和Q2中的开关管导通，开关装置Q3两端的电压与电池组两端的电压相等，开关装置Q3中的二极管的正极连接电池组的负极，该二极管的负极连接电池组的正极，该二极管截止。The switch tubes in the switch devices Q1 and Q2 are turned on, the voltage across the switch device Q3 is equal to the voltage across the battery pack, the anode of the diode in the switch device Q3 is connected to the cathode of the battery pack, and the cathode of the diode is connected to the anode of the battery pack. The diode is off.
因此，电流从供电单元230的负极经过电池组、开关装置Q2、开关装置Q1流向供电单元230的正极。Therefore, current flows from the negative electrode of the power supply unit 230 to the positive electrode of the power supply unit 230 through the battery pack, the switching device Q2, and the switching device Q1.
图5是本申请实施例提供的供电单元在正常充电情况下的示意性结构图。Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a power supply unit provided by an embodiment of the present application under normal charging conditions.
供电单元230正常充电时，开关装置Q1和Q2中的开关管导通，开关装置Q3中的开关管截止。When the power supply unit 230 is normally charged, the switching tubes in the switching devices Q1 and Q2 are turned on, and the switching tube in the switching device Q3 is turned off.
在充电的情况下，相当于供电单元230的正极连接外加电压的正极，在供电单元230的负极连接外加电压的负极。开关装置Q1和Q2中的开关管导通，开关装置Q3两端的电 压与外加电压的电压值相等，开关装置Q3中的二极管截止。In the case of charging, it is equivalent to that the positive electrode of the power supply unit 230 is connected to the positive electrode of the applied voltage, and the negative electrode of the power supply unit 230 is connected to the negative electrode of the applied voltage. The switching tubes in the switching devices Q1 and Q2 are turned on, the voltage across the switching device Q3 is equal to the voltage value of the applied voltage, and the diode in the switching device Q3 is turned off.
因此，电流从供电单元230的正极经过电池组、开关装置Q1、开关装置Q2流向供电单元230的负极。Therefore, current flows from the positive pole of the power supply unit 230 to the negative pole of the power supply unit 230 through the battery pack, the switching device Q1 and the switching device Q2.
图6是本申请实施例提供的供电单元在阻止异常充电情况下的示意性结构图。Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a power supply unit provided by an embodiment of the present application when abnormal charging is prevented.
当供电单元中的电池组出现异常，在为电池组充电时通过控制该供电单元中的开关装置，能够阻止对该电池组的充电。为了阻止异常情况下对电池组的充电，开关装置Q1和Q2中的开关管均截止。由于开关装置Q1、Q2中的二极管不同时导通，因此电流不会流过电池组。When the battery pack in the power supply unit is abnormal, the charging of the battery pack can be prevented by controlling the switch device in the power supply unit when charging the battery pack. In order to prevent charging of the battery pack under abnormal conditions, the switch tubes in the switch devices Q1 and Q2 are both cut off. Since the diodes in the switching devices Q1 and Q2 are not turned on at the same time, current does not flow through the battery pack.
示例性地，可以控制开关装置Q3中的开关管截止。在充电情况下，相当于供电单元230的正极连接外加电压的正极，在供电单元230的负极连接外加电压的负极。开关装置Q1和Q2中的开关管截止，开关装置Q3两端的电压与外加电压的电压值相等，开关装置Q3中的二极管截止。因此，供电单元230中无电流流过。Exemplarily, the switching tube in the switching device Q3 can be controlled to be turned off. In the case of charging, it is equivalent to that the positive pole of the power supply unit 230 is connected to the positive pole of the applied voltage, and the negative pole of the power supply unit 230 is connected to the negative pole of the applied voltage. The switching tubes in the switching devices Q1 and Q2 are turned off, the voltage across the switching device Q3 is equal to the voltage value of the applied voltage, and the diode in the switching device Q3 is turned off. Therefore, no current flows in the power supply unit 230.
电池管理***200包括多个串联的供电单元230。因此，在为电池管理***200连接的电池组充电时，控制至少一个供电单元230中的开关装置Q1、Q2、Q3中的开关管截止，可以停止充电过程。The battery management system 200 includes a plurality of power supply units 230 connected in series. Therefore, when charging the battery pack connected to the battery management system 200, the switching tubes in the switching devices Q1, Q2, and Q3 in the at least one power supply unit 230 are controlled to be turned off, so that the charging process can be stopped.
示例性地，可以控制开关装置Q3中的开关管导通。此时，电流从供电单元230的正极经过开关装置Q3流向供电单元230的负极。因此，在电池管理***200中某个电池组出现故障时，可以控制该电池组所在的供电单元中的开关装置Q3导通，将该电池组旁路，不影响为其他供电单元中电池组的充电。Exemplarily, the switching tube in the switching device Q3 can be controlled to be turned on. At this time, the current flows from the positive pole of the power supply unit 230 to the negative pole of the power supply unit 230 through the switching device Q3. Therefore, when a battery pack in the battery management system 200 fails, the switching device Q3 in the power supply unit where the battery pack is located can be controlled to turn on, and the battery pack is bypassed, without affecting the battery pack in other power supply units. Charge.
图7是本申请实施例提供的供电单元在阻止异常放电情况下的示意性结构图。Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a power supply unit provided by an embodiment of the present application when abnormal discharge is prevented.
当供电单元230中的电池组出现异常，在电池管理***连接的多个电池组放电的情况下，通过控制该供电单元中的开关装置，能够断开该电池组与电池管理***中其他元件的连接，避免该电池组对电池管理***中其他供电单元的影响。When an abnormality occurs in the battery pack in the power supply unit 230, when multiple battery packs connected to the battery management system are discharged, the switching device in the power supply unit can be controlled to disconnect the battery pack from other components in the battery management system. Connect to avoid the impact of the battery pack on other power supply units in the battery management system.
为了在电池组异常情况下阻止其放电，避免一个电池组对电池管理***中的其他供电单元的正常工作产生影响，可以控制开关装置Q1和Q2中的开关管均截止。由于开关装置Q1、Q2中的二极管不同时导通，因此电流不会流过电池组，避免了该电池组对其他供电单元的影响。In order to prevent the battery pack from discharging under abnormal conditions and prevent a battery pack from affecting the normal operation of other power supply units in the battery management system, the switch tubes in the switch devices Q1 and Q2 can be controlled to be turned off. Since the diodes in the switching devices Q1 and Q2 are not turned on at the same time, the current will not flow through the battery pack, avoiding the influence of the battery pack on other power supply units.
示例性地，可以控制开关装置Q3中的开关管截止。在电池组放电的情况下，由于开关装置Q1和Q2中的开关管截止，开关装置Q3两端的电压为0，开关装置Q3中的二极管截止。因此，供电单元230中无电流流过。Exemplarily, the switching tube in the switching device Q3 can be controlled to be turned off. When the battery pack is discharged, since the switching tubes in the switching devices Q1 and Q2 are turned off, the voltage across the switching device Q3 is 0, and the diode in the switching device Q3 is turned off. Therefore, no current flows in the power supply unit 230.
电池管理***200包括多个串联的供电单元230。因此，在为电池管理***200放电时，控制至少一个供电单元230中的开关装置Q1、Q2、Q3中的开关管截止，可以停止充电过程。The battery management system 200 includes a plurality of power supply units 230 connected in series. Therefore, when discharging the battery management system 200, the switching tubes in the switching devices Q1, Q2, and Q3 in the at least one power supply unit 230 are controlled to be turned off, so that the charging process can be stopped.
示例性地，可以控制开关装置Q3中的开关管导通。此时，电流从供电单元230的正极经过开关装置Q3流向供电单元230的负极。因此，在电池管理***200连接的某个电池组出现故障时，可以控制该电池组所在的供电单元中的开关装置Q3导通，将该电池组旁路，不影响为其他供电单元中连接的电池组为电池管理***200之外的电路或设备供电。Exemplarily, the switching tube in the switching device Q3 can be controlled to be turned on. At this time, the current flows from the positive pole of the power supply unit 230 to the negative pole of the power supply unit 230 through the switching device Q3. Therefore, when a battery pack connected to the battery management system 200 fails, the switching device Q3 in the power supply unit where the battery pack is located can be controlled to turn on, and the battery pack is bypassed, without affecting the power supply unit connected to other power supply units. The battery pack supplies power to circuits or devices outside the battery management system 200.
图8是本申请实施例提供的一种供电单元的示意性结构图。FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a power supply unit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
开关电路212可以包括过流保护电路。过流保护电路用于在电流超过预设值时实现关断。The switch circuit 212 may include an overcurrent protection circuit. The overcurrent protection circuit is used to switch off when the current exceeds a preset value.
过流保护电路例如可以是熔断器F。熔断器也可以称为保险丝。将熔断器F作为开关器件，当流经电池组211的电流超过熔断器熔断电流时，通过熔断保险丝阻断流过电池组的电流。The overcurrent protection circuit may be a fuse F, for example. A fuse can also be called a fuse. Using the fuse F as a switching device, when the current flowing through the battery pack 211 exceeds the fuse blowing current, the current flowing through the battery pack is blocked by blowing the fuse.
通过在开关电路212中设置过流保护电路，在电流过大时，熔断器F可以断开电池组211与电池管理***200中其他元器件形成的回路，从而提高电池管理***200的安全性。By providing an overcurrent protection circuit in the switch circuit 212, when the current is too large, the fuse F can disconnect the loop formed by the battery pack 211 and other components in the battery management system 200, thereby improving the safety of the battery management system 200.
开关电路212还可以开关装置Q1。在电池组充电的情况下，可以控制开关装置Q1导通或关断，从而控制电池管理***200两端的电压。The switching circuit 212 may also switch the device Q1. When the battery pack is charged, the switching device Q1 can be controlled to be turned on or off, thereby controlling the voltage across the battery management system 200.
图9是本申请实施例提供的一种供电单元的示意性结构图。FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a power supply unit provided by an embodiment of the present application.
直流支路210可以包括电池组和DC/DC转换器和电池组211。The DC branch 210 may include a battery pack and a DC/DC converter and a battery pack 211.
DC/DC转换器可以是升压型(boost)DC/DC转换器，或者降压(buck)-boost型DC/DC转换器等。以boost型DC/DC转换器为例进行说明。The DC/DC converter may be a boost DC/DC converter, or a buck-boost DC/DC converter. Take the boost type DC/DC converter as an example for description.
升压型DC/DC转换器可以包括电感L，开关装置Q4、开关装置Q5和输出电容C。开关装置Q4包括并联的开关管和二极管。开关装置Q5包括并联的开关管和二极管。The boost DC/DC converter may include an inductor L, a switching device Q4, a switching device Q5, and an output capacitor C. The switch device Q4 includes a switch tube and a diode connected in parallel. The switch device Q5 includes a switch tube and a diode connected in parallel.
电池组211放电的情况下，当开关装置Q5中开关管导通时，开关装置Q5将输出电容C和开关装置Q4旁路，电池组211为电感充电。当开关装置Q5中开关管截止时，电感L放电，电感L和电池组211共同为输出电容C充电。When the battery pack 211 is discharged, when the switch tube in the switch device Q5 is turned on, the switch device Q5 bypasses the output capacitor C and the switch device Q4, and the battery pack 211 charges the inductor. When the switch in the switching device Q5 is turned off, the inductor L discharges, and the inductor L and the battery pack 211 jointly charge the output capacitor C.
电感L的第一端连接电池组的正极。电感L的第二端连接开关装置Q4二极管的正极、开关装置Q5二极管的负极。开关装置Q4中二极管的负极与输出电容C的第一端连接，输出电容C的第二端与开关装置Q5二极管的正极连接，并连接至开关支路220的第一端。The first end of the inductor L is connected to the positive electrode of the battery pack. The second end of the inductor L is connected to the anode of the diode of the switching device Q4 and the cathode of the diode of the switching device Q5. The cathode of the diode in the switching device Q4 is connected to the first end of the output capacitor C, and the second end of the output capacitor C is connected to the anode of the diode of the switching device Q5, and is connected to the first end of the switching branch 220.
直流支路210还包括开关装置Q6。开关装置Q6包括并联的开关管和二极管。The DC branch 210 also includes a switching device Q6. The switch device Q6 includes a switch tube and a diode connected in parallel.
开关装置Q4中二极管的正极可以连接至开关装置Q6中二极管的负极。开关装置Q6中二极管的正极连接至开关支路220的第二端。The anode of the diode in the switching device Q4 may be connected to the cathode of the diode in the switching device Q6. The anode of the diode in the switching device Q6 is connected to the second end of the switching branch 220.
因此，电池组211和升压型DC/DC转换器可以作为供电单元230的直流电源。Therefore, the battery pack 211 and the step-up DC/DC converter can be used as the DC power source of the power supply unit 230.
或者，开关装置Q6可以设置在电池组的负极、开关装置Q5、输出电容的第二端的连接点与开关支路220之间。Alternatively, the switching device Q6 may be arranged between the connection point of the negative electrode of the battery pack, the switching device Q5, the second end of the output capacitor, and the switching branch 220.
电池组正常充电或放电的情况下，开关装置Q3中的开关管关断。When the battery pack is normally charged or discharged, the switch tube in the switch device Q3 is turned off.
电池组正常放电的情况下，开关装置Q6中的开关管导通，升压型DC/DC转换器中的各个开关装置根据升压的原理导通或关断。When the battery pack is normally discharged, the switching tube in the switching device Q6 is turned on, and each switching device in the step-up DC/DC converter is turned on or off according to the principle of boosting.
电池组正常充电的情况下，开关装置Q6和开关装置Q4中的开关管导通，开关装置Q5中的开关管关断，从而使得外加电压加载在电池组的两端。When the battery pack is normally charged, the switching tube in the switching device Q6 and the switching device Q4 is turned on, and the switching tube in the switching device Q5 is turned off, so that the external voltage is applied to both ends of the battery pack.
电池组出现异常时，开关装置Q6和开关装置Q4中的开关管截止，从而阻挡流经电池组的电流，避免电池组对电池管理***其他元器件的影响。开关装置Q3中的开关管根据需求可以导通或关断。When the battery pack is abnormal, the switch tubes in the switch device Q6 and the switch device Q4 are cut off, thereby blocking the current flowing through the battery pack and avoiding the influence of the battery pack on other components of the battery management system. The switch tube in the switch device Q3 can be turned on or off according to requirements.
示例性地，升压型DC/DC转换器还可以包括开关装置Q6。开关装置Q6可以位于开关装置Q4中二极管的负极与输出电容C的第一端之间。开关装置Q6中二极管的正极连接开关装置Q4中二极管的负极。Exemplarily, the step-up DC/DC converter may further include a switching device Q6. The switching device Q6 may be located between the cathode of the diode and the first end of the output capacitor C in the switching device Q4. The anode of the diode in the switching device Q6 is connected to the cathode of the diode in the switching device Q4.
或者，开关装置Q6可以位于开关装置Q4中二极管的正极与电池组的正极之间。开 关装置Q6中二极管的负极连接开关装置Q4中二极管的负极。Alternatively, the switching device Q6 may be located between the anode of the diode and the anode of the battery pack in the switching device Q4. The cathode of the diode in the switching device Q6 is connected to the cathode of the diode in the switching device Q4.
电池组正常充电或放电时，开关装置Q3中的开关管关断。When the battery pack is normally charged or discharged, the switch tube in the switch device Q3 is turned off.
电池组正常放电时，开关装置Q4和开关装置Q6中的开关管根据升压型DC/DC转换器的原理导通或关断。When the battery pack is discharged normally, the switching tubes in the switching device Q4 and the switching device Q6 are turned on or off according to the principle of the step-up DC/DC converter.
电池组正常充电时，开关装置Q4和开关装置Q6导通，使得外加电压加载在电池组的两端。When the battery pack is normally charged, the switching device Q4 and the switching device Q6 are turned on, so that the applied voltage is applied to both ends of the battery pack.
电池组异常充电或放电时，开关装置Q4和开关装置Q6中的开关管关断，阻挡流经电池组的电流。开关装置Q3中的开关管根据需求导通或关断。When the battery pack is abnormally charged or discharged, the switch tubes in the switch device Q4 and the switch device Q6 are turned off, blocking the current flowing through the battery pack. The switch tube in the switch device Q3 is turned on or off according to demand.
图10是本申请实施例提供的一种车辆的示意性结构图。FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present application.
车辆2000包括电机2030、多个电池组2010和电池管理***2020。The vehicle 2000 includes an electric motor 2030, a plurality of battery packs 2010, and a battery management system 2020.
电池管理***2020用于接收所述多个电池组提供的直流电能。电池管理***2020输出的交流电用于驱动电机2030。The battery management system 2020 is used to receive the DC power provided by the multiple battery packs. The AC power output by the battery management system 2020 is used to drive the motor 2030.
电池管理***2020的结构具体可以参见图11或图12。For the specific structure of the battery management system 2020, refer to FIG. 11 or FIG. 12.
图11是本申请实施例提供的一种车辆的示意性结构图。电池管理***1100也可以称为驱动装置或驱动***。FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present application. The battery management system 1100 may also be referred to as a driving device or a driving system.
电池管理***1100包括多个串联的供电单元230和逆变器1120。多个串联的供电单元230的两端输出直流电。逆变电路用于将多个串联的供电单元230的两端输出的直流电进行逆变，输出交流电，以驱动电机。驱动***1100可以应用在电动汽车中。The battery management system 1100 includes a plurality of power supply units 230 and inverters 1120 connected in series. The two ends of the multiple power supply units 230 connected in series output direct current. The inverter circuit is used to invert the direct current output from the two ends of the multiple power supply units 230 connected in series to output alternating current to drive the motor. The driving system 1100 may be applied in electric vehicles.
每个供电单元230的结构可以相同或不同。供电单元230的结构可以参见图3、图8、图9。以每个供电单元均采用图3所示的供电单元为例进行说明。The structure of each power supply unit 230 may be the same or different. The structure of the power supply unit 230 may refer to FIG. 3, FIG. 8, and FIG. 9. Take each power supply unit using the power supply unit shown in FIG. 3 as an example for description.
多个串联的供电单元230可以采用分布式模组。可以将每个供电单元230的最高电压控制在安全电压(60V)以内。The multiple power supply units 230 connected in series may adopt distributed modules. The highest voltage of each power supply unit 230 can be controlled within a safe voltage (60V).
在电池管理***1100发生短路等故障时，通过第一开关电路212阻断流过电池组211的电流，避免多个电池组211形成低阻抗的回路，从而降低电池管理***1100烧毁的可能性，提高电池管理***1100的安全性。When a fault such as a short circuit occurs in the battery management system 1100, the first switch circuit 212 blocks the current flowing through the battery pack 211 to prevent the multiple battery packs 211 from forming a low-impedance loop, thereby reducing the possibility of the battery management system 1100 being burned. Improve the safety of the battery management system 1100.
每个供电单元230包括并联的直流支路210和开关支路220。直流支路210包括电池组211和开关电路212。Each power supply unit 230 includes a DC branch 210 and a switch branch 220 connected in parallel. The DC branch 210 includes a battery pack 211 and a switch circuit 212.
每个开关电路212包括两个开关装置，每个开关装置包括并联的开关管和二极管。通过对该两个开关装置的设置，可以使得当该两个开关装置的开关管均截止时，该两个开关装置的二极管不同时导通。从而可以使得开关电路212能够阻断流经电池组211的电流，实现可靠关断。Each switching circuit 212 includes two switching devices, and each switching device includes a switching tube and a diode connected in parallel. Through the arrangement of the two switching devices, when the switching tubes of the two switching devices are both turned off, the diodes of the two switching devices are not turned on at the same time. Thereby, the switch circuit 212 can block the current flowing through the battery pack 211 to achieve reliable shutdown.
图12是一种电池管理***的示意性结构图。电池管理***1200也可以称为模块化多电平变换器、驱动装置或驱动***。Fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery management system. The battery management system 1200 may also be referred to as a modular multi-level converter, a driving device, or a driving system.
电池管理***1200用于将每个供电单元1210中的直流低压转换为交流高压。The battery management system 1200 is used to convert the DC low voltage in each power supply unit 1210 into AC high voltage.
电池管理***1200包括至少一个桥臂，每个桥臂包括串联的第一半桥臂和第二半桥臂，多个第一半桥臂和多个第二半桥臂中的每个半桥臂包括多个供电单元。The battery management system 1200 includes at least one bridge arm, each bridge arm includes a first half bridge arm and a second half bridge arm connected in series, each of a plurality of first half bridge arms and a plurality of second half bridge arms The arm includes a plurality of power supply units.
电池管理***1200用于输出交流电，每个桥臂中的两个半桥臂之间的连接点用于输出该交流电中的一相交流电。The battery management system 1200 is used to output alternating current, and the connection point between the two half bridge arms in each bridge arm is used to output one-phase alternating current in the alternating current.
电池管理***1200中桥臂的数量与电池管理***1200输出的交流电的相数相等。The number of bridge arms in the battery management system 1200 is equal to the number of phases of the alternating current output by the battery management system 1200.
每个第一半桥臂的第一端连接至第一节点，每个第二桥臂的第一端连接第二节点。每个桥臂中，第一半桥臂的第二端与第二半桥臂的第二端之间的连接点用于输出交流电。The first end of each first half bridge arm is connected to the first node, and the first end of each second bridge arm is connected to the second node. In each bridge arm, the connection point between the second end of the first half bridge arm and the second end of the second half bridge arm is used to output alternating current.
每个半桥臂还可以包括电感，用于对输出的交流电进行滤波。Each half bridge arm may also include an inductor for filtering the output AC power.
每个半桥臂中的供电单元1210的数量可以相等或不相等。每个半桥臂中的供电单元1210的数量不相等的情况下，电池管理***1200运行以输出交流电时，包括较多数量的供电单元1210的半桥臂存在冗余。The number of power supply units 1210 in each half bridge arm may be equal or unequal. When the number of power supply units 1210 in each half bridge arm is not equal, when the battery management system 1200 operates to output AC power, the half bridge arm including a larger number of power supply units 1210 has redundancy.
电池管理***1200可以用于驱动电动汽车中的电机。The battery management system 1200 may be used to drive a motor in an electric vehicle.
在电池管理***1200中，每个供电单元1210可以相同或不同，可以采用图3、图8或图9所示的供电单元的结构等。In the battery management system 1200, each power supply unit 1210 may be the same or different, and the structure of the power supply unit shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 8 or FIG. 9 may be adopted.
以电池管理***1200包括3个桥臂即(即驱动***1200包括6个半桥臂，用于输出三相交流电)，每个供电单元1210均采用图3所示的供电单元230的结构为例进行说明。Taking the battery management system 1200 including 3 bridge arms (that is, the driving system 1200 includes 6 half bridge arms for outputting three-phase alternating current), each power supply unit 1210 adopts the structure of the power supply unit 230 shown in FIG. 3 as an example Be explained.
在电动汽车运行时，如果一个供电单元1210中的电池组211出现短路，对于该供电单元1210，可以通过关断开关电路212，并打通开关支路220，以将电池组211隔离。When the electric vehicle is running, if the battery pack 211 in a power supply unit 1210 is short-circuited, for the power supply unit 1210, the switch circuit 212 can be turned off and the switch branch 220 can be opened to isolate the battery pack 211.
同时，可以在其他五个半桥臂中的每个半桥臂中，选择一个供电单元1210，对于该供电单元1210，可以通过关断开关电路212，并打通开关支路220。也就是说，可以使电池管理***1200其他5个半桥臂处于冗余运行状态，保证整个电池管理***1200安全运行，提高电池管理***1200的可靠性。At the same time, one power supply unit 1210 can be selected in each of the other five half-bridge arms. For this power supply unit 1210, the switch circuit 212 can be turned off and the switch branch 220 can be opened. That is to say, the other five half bridge arms of the battery management system 1200 can be in a redundant operation state, which ensures the safe operation of the entire battery management system 1200 and improves the reliability of the battery management system 1200.
采用电池管理***1100或电池管理***1200驱动电动汽车中的电机，可以提高电动汽车的安全性和稳定性。Using the battery management system 1100 or the battery management system 1200 to drive the motor in the electric vehicle can improve the safety and stability of the electric vehicle.
在电动汽车运行(即电池组放电)过程或充电过程中，如果电池组出现严重故障，例如温度超过安全温度，可快速关闭每个供电单元230中的开关电路212，阻断流过每个电池组的电流。同时，关断开关支路220，使得各个供电单元之间形成高组态，电池管理***1100中由多个电池组串联形成的直流高压电压迅速减小到安全电压以内，防止故障进一步扩散，以适应恶劣的绝缘失效环境，增加人员逃生时间。During the operation (ie battery pack discharge) or charging process of the electric vehicle, if the battery pack has a serious failure, for example, the temperature exceeds a safe temperature, the switch circuit 212 in each power supply unit 230 can be quickly closed to block the flow of each battery Group of current. At the same time, the switch branch 220 is turned off, so that a high configuration is formed between the various power supply units. The DC high voltage voltage formed by the series connection of multiple battery packs in the battery management system 1100 is quickly reduced to a safe voltage to prevent further failures from spreading. Adapt to harsh insulation failure environment and increase personnel escape time.
在电动汽车运行或充电过程中，如果电池组出现一些小的故障，例如一个或多个电池组两端的电压或流过一个或多个电池组的电流超过安全值，但电池组的温度符合安全温度要求，可以控制出现故障的电池组所在的供电单元中的开关电路212关断，阻断流过每个电池组的电流。同时，导通开关支路220，使得其他供电单元正常运行，提高驱动装置的可靠性。从而可以使得电动汽车可以行驶至维修点。During the operation or charging of an electric vehicle, if some minor faults occur in the battery pack, for example, the voltage across one or more battery packs or the current flowing through one or more battery packs exceeds a safe value, but the temperature of the battery pack is safe Temperature requirements can control the switching circuit 212 in the power supply unit where the battery pack that has failed to be turned off, blocking the current flowing through each battery pack. At the same time, the switch branch 220 is turned on, so that other power supply units can operate normally, and the reliability of the driving device is improved. This allows the electric vehicle to travel to the maintenance point.
在电动汽车的电池组充电过程中，可以通过控制部分供电单元中开关支路220导通，可以仅为其他供电单元中的电池组充电，实现主动均衡控制，提高充电效率，延长电池组的使用寿命。During the charging process of the battery pack of an electric vehicle, the switch branch 220 in some power supply units can be controlled to be turned on, which can only charge the battery packs in other power supply units, realize active balance control, improve charging efficiency, and extend the use of battery packs. life.
本申请实施例还提供一种电池管理***的控制方法，包括；生成控制信号，所述控制控制信号用于控制前文所述的电池管理***；向所述电池管理***发送所述控制信号。An embodiment of the present application also provides a method for controlling a battery management system, including: generating a control signal, the control control signal being used to control the battery management system described above; and sending the control signal to the battery management system.
电池管理***包括：多个串联的供电单元，每个所述供电单元用于连接电池组。所述多个供电单元中的第i供电单元包括并联的直流支路和开关支路，所述直流支路包括开关电路，所述开关电路用于阻断所述电池组的充电电流和放电电流，i为正整数。The battery management system includes a plurality of power supply units connected in series, and each of the power supply units is used to connect a battery pack. The i-th power supply unit of the plurality of power supply units includes a DC branch and a switch branch connected in parallel, the DC branch includes a switch circuit, and the switch circuit is used to block the charging current and the discharging current of the battery pack , I is a positive integer.
可选地，当所述电池组故障时，所述控制信号用于控制所述开关电路开路，所述控制信号还用于控制所述开关支路导通。Optionally, when the battery pack fails, the control signal is used to control the switching circuit to open, and the control signal is also used to control the switching branch to be turned on.
可选地，当所述电池组故障时，所述控制信号用于控制所述开关电路开路，所述控制信号还用于控制所述开关支路开路。Optionally, when the battery pack fails, the control signal is used to control the open circuit of the switch circuit, and the control signal is also used to control the open circuit of the switch branch.
本申请实施例还提供一种电池管理***的控制装置，包括处理器和通信接口。处理器用于生成控制信号，所述控制控制信号用于控制前文所述的电池管理***中的开关电路和开关支路，以使得所述电池管理***输出交流电或直流电。通信接口用于向所述电池管理***发送所述控制信号。An embodiment of the present application also provides a control device of a battery management system, including a processor and a communication interface. The processor is used to generate a control signal, and the control control signal is used to control the switch circuit and the switch branch in the aforementioned battery management system, so that the battery management system outputs alternating current or direct current. The communication interface is used to send the control signal to the battery management system.
本申请实施例还提供一种计算机程序存储介质，其特征在于，所述计算机程序存储介质具有程序指令，当所述程序指令被直接或者间接执行时，使得前文中的方法得以实现。An embodiment of the present application also provides a computer program storage medium, which is characterized in that the computer program storage medium has program instructions, and when the program instructions are directly or indirectly executed, the foregoing method can be realized.
本申请实施例还提供一种芯片***，其特征在于，所述芯片***包括至少一个处理器，当程序指令在所述至少一个处理器中执行时，使得前文中的方法得以实现。An embodiment of the present application further provides a chip system, wherein the chip system includes at least one processor, and when the program instructions are executed in the at least one processor, the foregoing method can be realized.
本领域普通技术人员可以意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤，能够以电子硬件、或者计算机软件和电子硬件的结合来实现。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请的范围。A person of ordinary skill in the art may realize that the units and algorithm steps of the examples described in combination with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented by electronic hardware or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are executed by hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraint conditions of the technical solution. Professionals and technicians can use different methods for each specific application to implement the described functions, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，上述描述的***、装置和单元的具体工作过程，可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the convenience and conciseness of description, the specific working process of the system, device and unit described above can refer to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiment, which will not be repeated here.
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的***、装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个***，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed system, device, and method can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative, for example, the division of the units is only a logical function division, and there may be other divisions in actual implementation, for example, multiple units or components may be combined or It can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not implemented. In addition, the displayed or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or they may be distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the objectives of the solutions of the embodiments.
另外，在本申请各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
所述功能如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本申请的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)执行本申请各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(Read-Only Memory，ROM)、随机存取存储器(Random Access Memory，RAM)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。If the function is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present application essentially or the part that contributes to the existing technology or the part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including Several instructions are used to make a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present application. The aforementioned storage media include: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, ROM), random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), magnetic disk or optical disk and other media that can store program code .
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。The above are only specific implementations of this application, but the protection scope of this application is not limited to this. Any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this application. Should be covered within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电池管理***，其用于多个电池组充放电过程的控制，其特征在于，所述电池管理***包括：多个串联的供电单元，所述多个供电单元与所述多个电池组一一对应，每个所述供电单元用于连接所述多个电池组中的一个电池组；A battery management system, which is used to control the charging and discharging processes of multiple battery packs, is characterized in that the battery management system includes: a plurality of power supply units connected in series, the multiple power supply units and the multiple battery packs One-to-one correspondence, each of the power supply units is used to connect to one battery pack of the plurality of battery packs;
    所述多个供电单元中的第i供电单元包括并联的直流支路和开关支路，所述直流支路包括开关电路，The i-th power supply unit of the plurality of power supply units includes a DC branch and a switching branch connected in parallel, and the DC branch includes a switching circuit,
    当所述开关电路关断时，所述开关电路用于阻断所述第i供电单元连接的第i电池组的充电电流和放电电流，其中，i为正整数。When the switch circuit is turned off, the switch circuit is used to block the charging current and the discharging current of the i-th battery pack connected to the i-th power supply unit, where i is a positive integer.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池管理***，其特征在于，所述开关支路包括第一开关装置，所述第一开关装置包括并联的第一开关管和第一二极管，所述第一二极管的正极与所述直流支路的负极连接，所述第一二极管的负极与所述直流支路的正极连接。The battery management system according to claim 1, wherein the switching branch includes a first switching device, the first switching device includes a first switching tube and a first diode connected in parallel, and the first switching device The anode of the diode is connected to the cathode of the DC branch, and the cathode of the first diode is connected to the anode of the DC branch.
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电池管理***，其特征在于，所述开关电路包括第二开关装置、第三开关装置；The battery management system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the switch circuit includes a second switch device and a third switch device;
    所述第二开关装置包括并联的第二开关管和第二二极管，所述第三开关装置包括第三开关管和第三二极管；The second switch device includes a second switch tube and a second diode connected in parallel, and the third switch device includes a third switch tube and a third diode;
    所述第二开关装置和第三开关装置的设置使得：当所述第二开关管和所述第三开关管处于截止状态时，所述第二二极管和所述第三二极管不同时导通。The arrangement of the second switching device and the third switching device is such that: when the second switching tube and the third switching tube are in an off state, the second diode and the third diode are not Simultaneous conduction.
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池管理***，其特征在于，所述第二开关装置、所述第三开关装置、所述第i电池组串联连接。The battery management system according to claim 3, wherein the second switching device, the third switching device, and the i-th battery pack are connected in series.
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的电池管理***，其特征在于，所述直流支路包括直流/直流(DC/DC)转换器，所述DC/DC转换器包括所述第三开关装置。The battery management system according to claim 3, wherein the direct current branch includes a direct current/direct current (DC/DC) converter, and the DC/DC converter includes the third switching device.
  6. 根据权利要求3-5中任一项所述的电池管理***，其特征在于，所述第二二极管为寄生二极管。The battery management system according to any one of claims 3-5, wherein the second diode is a parasitic diode.
  7. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电池管理***，其特征在于，所述开关电路包括过流保护器。The battery management system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the switch circuit includes an overcurrent protector.
  8. 根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的电池管理***，其特征在于，还包括逆变电路所述逆变电路用于将所述多个供电单元两端输出的直流电进行逆变以输出交流电。The battery management system according to any one of claims 1-7, further comprising an inverter circuit, the inverter circuit is used to invert the direct current output from both ends of the plurality of power supply units to output Alternating current.
  9. 根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的电池管理***，其特征在于，包括并联的至少一个桥臂，每个桥臂包括两个串联的半桥臂，每个半桥臂包括多个串联的供电单元，所述电池管理***用于输出交流电，每个桥臂中的两个半桥臂之间的连接点用于输出所述交流电中的一相。The battery management system according to any one of claims 1-7, comprising at least one bridge arm connected in parallel, each bridge arm includes two series-connected half bridge arms, and each half bridge arm includes a plurality of Power supply units connected in series, the battery management system is used to output alternating current, and the connection point between the two half-bridge arms in each bridge arm is used to output one phase of the alternating current.
  10. 一种车辆，其特征在于，包括电机、多个电池组和权利要求8或9所述的电池管理***，所述电池管理***用于接收所述多个电池组提供的直流电能，所述电池管理***输出的交流电用于驱动所述电机。A vehicle, characterized by comprising a motor, a plurality of battery packs, and the battery management system according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the battery management system is configured to receive the direct current power provided by the plurality of battery packs, and the battery The alternating current output from the management system is used to drive the motor.
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