CN105939122A - 开关电源装置 - Google Patents

开关电源装置 Download PDF

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CN105939122A
CN105939122A CN201610082425.0A CN201610082425A CN105939122A CN 105939122 A CN105939122 A CN 105939122A CN 201610082425 A CN201610082425 A CN 201610082425A CN 105939122 A CN105939122 A CN 105939122A
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synchronous rectification
switching power
output
secondary side
voltage
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CN105939122B (zh
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薮崎纯
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Fuji Electric Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
    • H02M3/33523Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H02M3/33592Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer having a synchronous rectifier circuit or a synchronous freewheeling circuit at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0006Arrangements for supplying an adequate voltage to the control circuit of converters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0009Devices or circuits for detecting current in a converter
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/327Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection against abnormal temperatures
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)

Abstract

在二次侧具有同步整流IC的开关电源装置中,本发明提供一种能够基于二次侧检测到异常发生的结果在一次侧应对该异常发生的开关电源装置。二次侧同步整流IC(80)在检测到过热、过电压、过负载等异常后,通过二次侧同步整流IC(80)的异常时电流输出端子输出电流。所输出的电流(88)流过电阻(R2),从而提高输出电压的检测点(62)的电压Vdet,使得流过分路调整器(60)的阴极的电流增加。由此,流过光电耦合器的光电二极管(70)的电流也增加,连接到一次侧的光电晶体管(50)的开关控制IC(40)的FB端子电压减小。据此,一次侧的开关控制IC(40)进行动作以缩小输出功率,从而使得二次侧的输出电压VOUT减小,或者使开关电源装置的动作停止。

Description

开关电源装置
技术领域
本发明涉及通过变压器耦合一次侧及二次侧,且在二次侧使用同步整流IC的开关电源装置。
背景技术
以往,对于在开关电源装置的二次侧获得的输出电压的控制,如下述专利文献1所示,按下述方式来进行。
图6是表示现有的使用二次侧同步整流方式的开关电源装置的结构的代表例,关于使用作为开关元件的MOSFET(Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field EffectTransistor:金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管)和变压器从经由二极管电桥110对AC电压进行整流后得到的电压获得所期望的DC电压的AC-DC转换器,是通过参照下述专利文献1的图1而简化得到的。
经由置于变压器200的二次侧的分路调整器210、光电耦合器的光电二极管220将输出电压信息反馈至一次侧的开关控制IC(Control IC:控制IC)130。另外,分路调整器210是利用施加到参考端子212的施加电压来控制流过分路调整器的电流的器件。这里,施加到参考端子212的电压是利用电阻R1、R2对输出电压VOUT进行分压后得到的Vdet。
控制IC130对置于一次侧的MOSFET120的开关进行控制,将二次侧获得的输出电压VOUT保持为一定。
此时,在控制IC130中,根据IS端子的电压检测出流向MOSFET120的电流,并且在FB端子处检测出来自二次侧的反馈电压,通过对两者进行比较来决定对MOSFET120进行开关时的导通宽度。
此外,为了提高开关电源装置的转换效率,不使用二极管作为二次侧的整流元件,而使用作为同步整流用开关元件的MOSFET240,由此实现二次侧同步整流方式。
图6中,关于整流元件的电压降,利用MOSFET240导通时的Vds(漏极-源极间电压)能够比整流用二极管的Vf(正向电压)低这一点,尤其能够降低重负载时的开关损耗,从而提高转换效率。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本专利特开2012-120399号公报(图1)
发明内容
发明所要解决的技术问题
二次侧同步整流方式也如图6所示那样,在二次侧设置同步整流IC230,对MOSFET240的导通/截止进行控制,但不具有在发生异常时停止开关电源装置的功能。这是因为即使同步整流IC230使二次侧的MOSFET240截止,但一次侧的开关元件仍然进行导通/截止,从而开关电源装置不会停止。不仅如此,由于同步整流IC230使二次侧的MOSFET240截止,因此二次侧的损耗变大,从而有可能引起异常发热。
若对这一点进行说明,则在使二次侧的MOSFET240截止的情况下,二次侧电流经由漏极-源极间的寄生二极管244继续流动。由于寄生二极管244的Vf(正向电压)大于MOSFET240的Vds(漏极-源极间电压),因此,使MOSFET240截止反而会导致开关损耗变大。
因此,本发明的目的在于,提供一种在二次侧具有同步整流IC的开关电源装置中,能够基于在二次侧检测到异常发生的结果在一次侧进行应对,进而也能够使动作停止的开关电源装置。
解决技术问题所采用的技术方案
用于解决上述问题的本发明是使用开关元件和变压器由输入电压获得所希望电压的开关电源装置,构成为:利用设置于所述变压器的二次侧的分路调整器检测二次侧输出电压,经由光电耦合器将输出电压信息作为反馈电压返回至一次侧控制IC来控制输出电压,并且在二次侧配置同步整流IC和同步整流用开关元件,根据一次侧的开关动作来控制所述同步整流用开关元件,该开关电源装置中,所述同步整流IC若检测到异常则输出电流,从而使所述分路调整器的检测电压上升。
发明效果
根据本发明,若二次侧的同步整流IC检测到异常,则能够基于此在一次侧进行应对。
附图说明
图1是表示本发明的实施方式所涉及的开关电源装置的结构的图。
图2是说明本发明的实施方式所涉及的开关电源装置在异常时的动作的波形图。
图3是用功能模块来表示本发明的实施方式所涉及的分路调整器的等效电路的图。
图4是表示本发明的实施方式所涉及的同步整流IC内所设置的异常时电流输出端子部的结构的电路框图。
图5是表示本发明的实施方式所涉及的电流输出电路的结构的功能框图。
图6是表示现有的开关电源装置的结构的代表例。
具体实施方式
下面,对本发明的实施方式进行详细说明。
首先对本发明的基本原理进行说明。由于二次侧同步整流IC成为设置于二次侧的控制IC,因此,原本就能够高精度地掌握输出电压的状态。与此相对,在现有结构(参照专利文献1的图1)中,由于通过利用一次侧的开关控制IC来检测变压器的辅助绕组的电压,来进行输出电压的检测,因此只能预期获得百分之几~百分之几十的精度。
但是,若对配置于二次侧的同步整流IC赋予经由分路调整器将信息传递到一次侧的功能,则配置于二次侧的同步整流IC能够使用对输出电压直接进行监视而得到的结果来控制输出电压,从而能够以0.7%~2%的精度实现输出电压。
并且,即使在过负载时,由于二次侧同步整流IC直接对电流进行检测,从而也无需现有结构中在一次侧进行的与电流检测相关的AC输入电压校正等功能,并且能够进一步提高其精度。下面,具体对该点进行说明。
图1是表示本发明的实施方式所涉及的开关电源装置的结构的图。图2是说明本发明的实施方式所涉及的开关电源装置在异常时的动作的波形图。
图1和图2中,对作为二次侧的同步整流用开关元件的MOSFET90进行控制的二次侧同步整流IC80在检测到过热、过电压、过负载等异常时,通过二次侧同步整流IC80的异常时电流输出端子输出电流88。输出的电流88流过电阻R2,从而提高电阻R1、R2的连接点的电压Vdet(输入到分路调整器60的检测端子62的电压),电阻R1、R2对输出电压VOUT进行分压。由此,分路调整器60判断输出电压VOUT已上升到所需以上,使流过分路调整器60的阴极的电流增加。
由此,流过光电耦合器的光电二极管70的电流增加,光电二极管70的发光量也增加,与光电二极管70成对构成光电耦合器的一次侧的光电晶体管50的导通电阻减小,连接至光电晶体管50的一次侧的开关控制IC40的FB端子电压也减小。另外,FB端子在控制IC40的内部被上拉。由于FB端子电压减小,一次侧的开关控制IC40判断输出电压VOUT已上升到所需以上,从而进行降低作为一次侧开关元件的MOSFET30的导通占空比以缩小输出功率的动作,或者进行向降低输出电压的方向改变MOSFET30的开关频率的动作。
由此,二次侧的输出电压VOUT减少。最终,输出电压及导通占空比或开关频率变化到使得由电流88和输出电压VOUT决定的电压Vdet与后述的基准电位VREF取得平衡。并且,若使电流88增大到某一程度,因电流88产生的电阻R2的电压降大于基准电位VREF,则由于电流88的流动,从而较大的电流流过光电二极管70,由此,一次侧的开关控制IC40检测到该电流,进而能够将开关电源装置设为停止状态。
二次侧同步整流IC80若检测到异常,则通过异常时输出端子使电流88继续流动,由此来维持开关电源装置的停止等保护动作,或者在二次侧同步整流IC80内具有计时器(未图示),在由计时器(未图示)所决定的时间使通过异常时输出端子流动的电流88停止,由此也能够重新开始开关电源装置的动作。
图3是用功能模块来表示本发明的实施方式所涉及的分路调整器的等效电路的图。如图3所示,进行下述动作:将高精度基准电位VREF施加于运算放大器64的反相输入端子,并且在运算放大器64的非反相输入端子施加由分压电阻R1、R2对输出电压VOUT进行分压后得到的电压Vdet,利用运算放大器64对基准电压VREF和电压Vdet进行比较,运算放大器64的输出控制输出晶体管66。若电压Vdet高于基准电位VREF,则使输出晶体管66的基极电流增加,从而使流过光电二极管70的电流增加。若电压Vdet低于基准电位VREF,则使输出晶体管66的基极电流减少,从而使流过光电二极管70的电流减少。
如上所述,流过光电二极管70的电流的增减、即光电二极管70的发光量的增减被作为与输出电压相关的信息经由光电晶体管50传输到一次侧的开关控制IC40。开关控制IC40基于该信息进行一次侧的开关控制,以使得Vdet=VREF
在分路调整器的情况下,作为基准电位VREF的电压精度,能够达到±0.7%~±2%,这与通常的齐纳二极管的基准电压精度为±百分之几~±百分之几十的情况相比尤为有利,从而成为近年来需要高精度基准电压时不可或缺的元器件。例如,通过在光电耦合器的驱动时使用分路调整器,从而能够实现电源的高精度化。
图4是表示本发明的实施方式所涉及的异常时电流输出端子部的结构的电路框图。图4中,异常时电流输出端子部设于同步整流IC80内,由矩形圈出的过热保护、过电压保护、以及过负载保护的各功能模块是开关电源装置的控制IC内通常所设置的功能(若需要,则过热保护、过电压保护可参考例如日本专利特开2008-104275号公报的图3。过电压保护、过负载保护可参考例如富士电机产控制IC型号“FA3641”),在本发明中,将这些功能模块设置于同步整流IC80内,若各功能模块检测到异常,则将检测到的信号输入到或电路84,或电路84向电流输出电路86(后述)进行输出。电流输出电路86在输入了来自或电路84的电压信号之后,如上述那样输出电流88。
图5是表示本发明的实施方式所涉及的电流输出电路的结构的功能框图。图5的左端与图4所示的或电路84的输出端子相连接,在该示例中,若高电平的信号输入到输出端子,则经由逆变器(反相电路)进行反相,低电平信号被施加到P型MOSFET的栅极。由此,P型MOSFET导通,输出来自电流源的电流。
另外,本发明的实施方式中,将利用二极管电桥对AC电压进行整流后得到的电压作为输入电压,但也可以将直流电源的输出电压作为输入电压。
标号说明
10 二极管电桥
20 变压器
30 MOSFET
40 控制IC
50 光电晶体管
60 分路调整器
62 检测端子
64 运算放大器
66 输出晶体管
70 光电二极管
80 控制IC
84 或电路
86 电流输出电路
88 异常时所输出的电流
90 MOSFET
94 寄生二极管

Claims (6)

1.一种开关电源装置,在该开关电源装置中,
使用开关元件和变压器来获得所希望的电压,利用设置于所述变压器的二次侧的分路调整器检测二次侧输出电压,经由光电耦合器将输出电压信息作为反馈电压返回至一次侧控制IC来控制输出电压,并且在二次侧配置同步整流IC和同步整流用开关元件,根据一次侧的开关动作来控制所述同步整流用开关元件,所述开关电源装置的特征在于,
所述同步整流IC若检测到异常则输出电流,从而使所述分路调整器的检测电压上升。
2.如权利要求1所述的开关电源装置,其特征在于,
所述分路调整器基于由第1电阻及第2电阻对所述二次侧输出电压进行分压后得到的电压来检测所述二次侧输出电压,
所述同步整流IC若检测到所述异常,则使输出的电流流过所述第1电阻及所述第2电阻中的连接至低电位侧的基准电位的第2电阻。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的开关电源装置,其特征在于,
所述同步整流IC因该IC检测到过热而输出异常。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的开关电源装置,其特征在于,
所述同步整流IC因该IC检测到过电压而输出异常。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的开关电源装置,其特征在于,
所述同步整流IC因该IC检测到过负载而输出异常。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的开关电源装置,其特征在于,
所述同步整流IC的电流输出电路具有恒流电路,若所述同步整流IC检测到所述异常,将该恒流电路的输出与外部相连接。
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