CN105916611B - 用于在fvk工件和金属工件之间批量建立冲压铆合连接的方法 - Google Patents

用于在fvk工件和金属工件之间批量建立冲压铆合连接的方法 Download PDF

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CN105916611B
CN105916611B CN201580004535.9A CN201580004535A CN105916611B CN 105916611 B CN105916611 B CN 105916611B CN 201580004535 A CN201580004535 A CN 201580004535A CN 105916611 B CN105916611 B CN 105916611B
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M·威廉
H-J·法尔肯贝格
R·克施内丁格
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/562—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using extra joining elements, i.e. which are not integral with the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
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    • B29C66/742—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/9241—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force or the mechanical power
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/954—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the thickness of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
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    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于在批量制造相应工件复合体(100)时在FVK工件(110)和金属工件(120)之间批量建立冲压铆合连接的方法，其中，把在制造工件复合体(100)时待接合的工件(110、120)在规定的接合部位上借助置入装置(300)通过无预打孔地置入半空心冲压铆钉(200)进行接合。规定，对于借助置入装置(300)批量进行的置入过程使用相同的半空心冲压铆钉(200)，所述置入装置(300)和/或该置入装置的运行参数鉴于FVK工件(110)的基于公差的厚度波动(D)被优化，从而在每个置入过程中建立无缺陷的冲压铆合连接。

Description

用于在FVK工件和金属工件之间批量建立冲压铆合连接的 方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于在批量制造相应工件复合体时在FVK工件和金属工件之间批量建立冲压铆合连接的方法，其中，把在制造工件复合体时待接合的工件在规定的接合部位上借助置入装置通过无预打孔地置入半空心冲压铆钉进行接合。
背景技术
通过冲压铆接、即通过建立至少一个冲压铆合连接来接合工件已由现有技术公开，对此代表性地参见DE19905528A1。补充地也参见DE19909821A1。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于，给出一种相关类型的方法，该方法不具有或至少仅以减少的程度具有至少一个伴随现有技术的缺点。
为了解决该任务，提出一种如下的按照本发明的方法，该方法用于在批量制造相应工件复合体时在FVK工件和金属工件之间批量建立冲压铆合连接，其中，把在制造工件复合体时待接合的工件在规定的接合部位上借助置入装置通过无预打孔地置入半空心冲压铆钉进行接合，该方法的特征在于，对于借助置入装置批量进行的置入过程使用相同的半空心冲压铆钉，所述置入装置和/或该置入装置的运行参数鉴于FVK工件的基于公差的厚度波动被优化，从而在每个置入过程中建立无缺陷的冲压铆合连接。按照本发明的方法的优选扩展方案和设计方案由下述说明得出。
按照本发明的方法的特征在于，对于(即对于所有)借助置入装置批量进行的置入过程使用相同的半空心冲压铆钉，所述置入装置和/或该置入装置的运行参数鉴于FVK工件的基于公差的厚度波动被优化和/或至少可被优化，从而(尽管基于公差的厚度波动仍)在每个置入过程中建立或可建立基本上无缺陷的冲压铆合连接。
FVK工件是板状或者说片状的并且由FVK材料(FVK＝纤维增强塑料)制成的工件。优选涉及特别是具有热固性基质的CFK材料(CFK＝碳纤维增强塑料)或GFK材料(GFK＝玻璃纤维增强塑料)。
在按照本发明的方法的范围内所使用的FVK工件具有特别是基于制造的厚度公差，由此产生基于公差的厚度波动，所述厚度波动关于公称厚度特别是处于+/-0.2mm的范围内。基于公差的厚度波动因此包括0.4mm的绝对范围。因而在公称厚度例如为1.7mm时，FVK工件具有1.5mm至1.9mm的厚度范围。
金属工件是由金属材料制成的工件。优选涉及金属板工件、即涉及由金属板材料并且特别是由钢板材料制成的工件。但金属工件也可以是铸造工件、成型工件或类似物。
通过借助置入装置在规定的接合部位上无预打孔地置入至少一个半空心冲压铆钉来接合至少一个FVK工件与至少一个金属工件以制造相应的工件复合体(该工件复合体是指由至少一个FVK工件与至少一个金属工件构成的工件复合体，该工件复合体也可称为混合复合体)，所述置入装置包括置入冲头和与该置入冲头对应的下模。在置入半空心冲压铆钉时，借助置入装置将该半空心冲压铆钉在规定的接合部位上无预打孔地压穿FVK工件或者说FVK材料并且与金属工件或者说金属材料压紧。自身由现有技术已知的该过程也称为置入过程。补充地，工件也还可以彼此粘接和/或通过使用其它接合辅助元件接合(所谓的混合接合)。在通过置入至少一个半空心冲压铆钉和特别是多个半空心冲压铆钉而制成一个工件复合体后，在批量制造过程中以类似方式制造其它工件复合体。按照本发明的方法特别是用于批量制造机动车用车身构件(装配件和附件)。
根据本发明，为批量借助置入装置进行的(如上所述用于批量制造工件复合体的)置入过程使用相同的半空心冲压铆钉，这特别是指这些铆钉元件具有相同的轴向长度(铆钉长度)和同一直径(铆钉直径)。为了尽管所用FVK工件具有基于公差的厚度波动而仍可获得无缺陷的冲压铆合连接，根据本发明还规定，置入装置和/或该置入装置的运行参数或者说设定鉴于所用FVK工件的基于公差的厚度波动被优化。换言之，这就是说：基于置入装置的设计和/或基于所设定的运行参数而借助相同的铆钉元件并且与当前待接合FVK工件的受公差影响的厚度无关地始终达到或实现无缺陷的连接(合格连接)。不言而喻，该操作方法具有许多优点。
据此，根据本发明规定，置入装置的设计和/或该置入装置的运行参数的选择和设定不是根据待接合FVK工件的固定不变的或者说特定的公称厚度来确定，而是在此考虑FVK工件的基于公差的厚度波动，从而鉴于(仅FVK工件的或者也可能是工件对的)由基于公差的厚度波动产生的厚度范围来优化置入装置和/或该置入装置的运行参数。
这例如可通过如下方式实现：借助预先确定的(具有确定的铆钉直径和确定的铆钉长度的)铆钉元件类型与具有公称尺寸的FVK工件建立多个冲压铆合连接以及与基于公差最厚的和基于公差最薄的FVK工件建立多个冲压铆合连接(例如各十五个冲压铆合连接)，必要时使用不同的置入力和/或不同设计的置入装置。接着，借助显微照片(微切片)特别是鉴于所实现的侧凹和/或所达到的剩余底部厚度(和/或其它评估标准)进行评估和/或分析。由此于是可为置入装置(特别是其置入下模的设计)和/或为该置入装置的运行参数或者说设定(如优化的置入力)推导出至少一个适合的规定，所述规定不被适应于FVK工件的特定厚度，而是鉴于基于公差的厚度波动和/或由此产生的厚度范围被优化。
优选这样选择运行参数或者说设定置入装置，使得每个借助置入装置进行的置入过程以相同或者说同一置入力进行(即每个相同的半空心冲压铆钉以同一置入力、但不以相同的置入行程被置入，例如这可以由用于置入冲头的行程控制装置实现)，所使用的或者说对置入装置设定的置入力匹配于FVK工件的由基于公差的厚度波动产生的厚度范围并且因此鉴于基于公差的厚度波动被优化。优选设有用于置入冲头的力控制装置。
此外优选规定，置入装置的下模也匹配于FVK工件的由基于公差的厚度波动产生的厚度范围并且因此鉴于基于公差的厚度波动被优化。所述匹配特别是指下模的结构设计并且例如可涉及型腔直径或者说凹板直径和/或型腔深度或者说凹板深度或下模的其它造型特征。
备选于上面所说明的操作方法可规定，首先测量待接合FVK工件的厚度并且随后确定优化的、待由置入装置产生的置入力，这优选自动地并且特别是基于计算机地进行。所确定的优化的置入力能够实现无缺陷地置入半空心冲压铆钉。用于厚度测量的测量装置(例如基于行程测量***)由现有技术已知并且可集成到技术设备中。
换言之，这就是说：首先测量待接合FVK工件或者说FVK构件的具有公差的厚度(或备选地测量工件对的总厚度)并且根据测得的厚度调整置入力或者说接合力(置入力调整)，这特别是基于数据库进行(如下面还将详细描述的那样)。然后借助置入冲头将所确定的置入力施加到待置入的半空心冲压铆钉上，置入冲头优选借助力控制装置(并非行程控制装置！)运行，从而尽管待接合FVK工件具有基于公差的厚度波动，在每个置入过程中仍可建立无缺陷的冲压铆合连接。
类似地，也可调整置入行程，以便由此尽管待接合的FVK工件具有基于公差的厚度波动，仍可在每个置入过程中建立无缺陷的冲压铆合连接。于是优选置入冲头借助行程控制装置运行。换言之这就是说：首先可测量待接合FVK工件的厚度并且随后确定优化的置入行程。
可在每个置入过程之前进行厚度测量，为接下来的置入过程确定特定的优化的置入力。也可一次性为整个待接合FVK工件进行厚度测量，其中，为所有待在所涉及的工件上进行的置入过程确定一个特定于工件的置入力。优选的是，优化的置入力由计算机数据库确定，在该计算机数据库中例如针对不同FVK工件的不同厚度存储了合适的置入力。这样的数据库例如可包括类似于上述的(用于为置入装置和/或该置入装置的运行参数确定至少一个适合的规定的)说明而确定的结果。
此外可优选规定，自动监控个别并且特别是所有借助置入装置进行的置入过程，用于判断和确定无缺陷的冲压铆合连接的标准不涉及FVK工件的特定公称厚度，而是涉及FVK工件的由基于公差的厚度波动产生的厚度范围。优选基于计算机进行自动监控。
附图说明
下面参考示意性并且未按比例示出的附图示例性详细说明本发明。
图1以局部剖面图示出两个借助冲压铆钉接合的工件。
具体实施方式
图1示出两个工件110和120，它们应在所示接合部位上借助半空心冲压铆钉200接合。待制造的工件复合体以100表示，工件110和120可在多个接合部位上接合。所示出的工件厚度和工件对110/120的厚度比仅仅是示例性的。上侧的板状或者说片状工件110由CFK材料(或其它FVK材料)制成。下侧的工件120由金属板材料制成。下侧的工件120也可以是铸造工件、成型工件或类似物。
为了建立冲压铆合连接，将所示半空心冲压铆钉200以本身已知的方式借助置入装置300在没有预打孔的情况下压穿上侧工件110并且侧凹地与下侧工件120压紧。类似地，也可接合多于两个工件。置入装置300包括用于施加置入力F的置入冲头310和与该置入冲头310相对置设置的下模320。
置入装置300和置入力F在现有技术中根据上侧CFK工件110的厚度或两个工件110和120的工件对的总厚度来设计。但上侧CFK工件110基于制造地具有厚度公差D，由此产生基于公差的厚度波动，如以两条虚线所示那样。厚度公差D和由此引起的厚度波动在批量建立冲压铆合连接时导致质量下降、特别是在可实现的侧凹和/或可实现的剩余底部厚度方面的质量下降。
因此，本发明规定，在批量建立冲压铆合连接的范围内，在借助置入装置300批量进行的置入过程中，一方面使用相同的半空心冲压铆钉200并且另一方面鉴于FVK工件110的基于公差的厚度波动来优化置入装置300和/或该置入装置的运行参数，由此在不改变铆钉长度和/或铆钉直径的情况下始终(即在每个置入过程中)建立基本上无缺陷的冲压铆钉连接。
为此特别是规定，每个置入过程以相同的置入力F进行，所用置入力F匹配于FVK工件110的由基于公差的厚度波动产生的厚度范围。如何能够确定这样的鉴于基于公差的厚度波动而优化的置入力F已在上文予以说明。如上文所述，下模320也可在结构方面匹配于FVK工件110的由基于公差的厚度波动产生的厚度范围并且该下模由此也可鉴于基于公差的厚度波动而被优化。
置入装置300、特别是其下模320的设计和/或运行参数、特别是置入力F的选择或者说设定因此不是针对上侧CFK工件110的特定公称厚度或两个工件110/120的确定厚度组合来设计，而是通过关注或者说考虑待接合CFK工件110的基于公差的厚度波动来优化。所有接合过程和在此建立的接合连接因而根据公差来设计。由此可以防止有缺陷的冲击铆合连接和废品件。本发明的其它方面在上文被说明。

Claims (11)

1.用于在批量制造相应工件复合体(100)时在FVK工件(110)和金属工件(120)之间批量建立冲压铆合连接的方法，其中，把在制造工件复合体(100)时待接合的各工件(110、120)在规定的接合部位上借助置入装置(300)通过无预打孔地置入半空心冲压铆钉(200)进行接合，其特征在于，
对于借助置入装置(300)批量进行的置入过程使用相同的半空心冲压铆钉(200)，所述置入装置(300)和/或该置入装置的运行参数鉴于FVK工件(110)的基于公差的厚度波动(D)被优化，从而在每个置入过程中建立无缺陷的冲压铆合连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，每个置入过程以相同的置入力(F)进行，所用置入力(F)匹配于FVK工件(110)的由基于公差的厚度波动(D)产生的厚度范围。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述置入装置(300)的下模(320)匹配于FVK工件(110)的由基于公差的厚度波动(D)产生的厚度范围。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，首先测量待接合FVK工件(110)的厚度并且随后确定优化的置入力(F)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述优化的置入力(F)由计算机数据库确定。
6.根据权利要求1至5之一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述FVK工件(110)的基于公差的厚度波动(D)处于+/-0.2mm的范围内。
7.根据权利要求1至5之一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述FVK工件(110)由CFK材料制成。
8.根据权利要求1至5之一所述的方法，其特征在于，自动监控个别置入过程，用于判断和确定无缺陷的冲压铆合连接的标准涉及FVK工件(110)的由基于公差的厚度波动(D)产生的厚度范围。
9.根据权利要求1至5之一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法用于批量制造用于机动车的车身构件。
10.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述FVK工件(110)由具有热固性基质的CFK材料制成。
11.根据权利要求1至5之一所述的方法，其特征在于，自动监控所有置入过程，用于判断和确定无缺陷的冲压铆合连接的标准涉及FVK工件(110)的由基于公差的厚度波动(D)产生的厚度范围。
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