CN105900779A - Fertilizing method improving growth vigor of apple trees under continuous cropping condition - Google Patents

Fertilizing method improving growth vigor of apple trees under continuous cropping condition Download PDF

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CN105900779A
CN105900779A CN201610293857.6A CN201610293857A CN105900779A CN 105900779 A CN105900779 A CN 105900779A CN 201610293857 A CN201610293857 A CN 201610293857A CN 105900779 A CN105900779 A CN 105900779A
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soil
maltose
continuous cropping
apple
concentration
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CN105900779B (en
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沈向
毛云飞
郭小静
胡艳丽
毛志泉
吴树敬
陈学森
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Shandong Agricultural University
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a fertilizing method improving the growth vigor of apple trees under the continuous cropping condition. According to the method, after apple cultivation is conducted in continuous cropping soil and apple trees start to sprout every spring, maltose of different doses is applied to soil in different growth stages of apple plants. By the adoption of the method, the growth vigor of apple trees under the continuous cropping condition can be improved, soil ecology can be optimized, the number of bacteria in soil can be increased, the number of fungi in soil can be reduced, the number of actinomycetes can be increased, pollution is avoided, and the method conforms to organization production trend.

Description

A kind of improve the fertilizing method of Fructus Mali pumilae fruit tree growing way under the conditions of continuous cropping
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of improvement soil, optimize soil environment thus improve the soil application method of Fructus Mali pumilae fruit tree growing way, belong to field of fruit tree cultivation.
Technical background
Fructus Mali pumilae is of high nutritive value and all-ages because of it, is known as " omnibearing healthy fruit ".China is apple production big country in the world and consumption big country, the one-tenth orchard in age of China is substantially all and is built in the mid-80 in last century to the latter stage nineties at present, the most mostly all suffer from orchard to update, owing to being limited by land resource and cultivation condition, generally there is continuous cropping obstacle of apple problem in the major apple production area, researcher research is had to show, under Continuous Mono-cropping, soil fertility declines, Apple Fruit Quality substantially reduces, yield declines, and this problem has become orchard and updated and the bottleneck of Apple Industry sustainable development.
The soil organism is the important substance basis of soil fertility, and research shows, organic the same with mineral element, and the growth promoter of plant is played irreplaceable effect.Saccharide as organic one, is the indispensable part of plant itself, is the important component part of Apple Fruit Quality.Jia new people find, increase with the continuous cropping time, and in soil, vegetalitas saccharide gradually decreases.Research finds, continuous cropping soil soil stability reduces, and needed for fruit tree, element reduces in a large number and is not required to a large amount of accumulation of element, causes the structure of soil to change, and the breathability of soil is deteriorated.Xie Honggang finds for the investigation in orchard, Qixia, is deteriorated except physicochemical property in continuous cropping soil, and outside soil urease, Soil neutral phosphatase, catalase activity decline, in soil, nutrient content declines, and soil fertility declines.Zou Meie research proves the saccharide effect to Soil structure stability, more than other organic matter fractions.Research proves, under Continuous Mono-cropping, even if fruit nursery stock quality is good, water and fertilizer condition is sufficient, fruit tree management is good, still there will be the phenomenon that fruit tree survival rate is low.Treelet performance is fairly obvious, can present decreased growth or even stagnation, leaf chlorosis, even occur extremely setting phenomenon.The intelligent research of xuwei finds, along with being continuously increased of the continuous cropping time limit, chlorophyll content constantly reduces.Xiao Hong studies discovery, in the apple orchard soil of long-term continuous cropping bacterial number reduce and fungi significantly increases, it is thus regarded that microbiological factor is the principal element causing continuous cropping obstacle of apple.Li Zhi defends and utilizes plating method and fatty acid cresolFigureSpectrometry have studied the change of soil microorganism in different planting period orchard, finds to decline along with the ratio of the increase of Planting Years, antibacterial and fungus, and Population of Actinomycetes also reduces, and the multiformity of microorganism first increases and reduces afterwards.
Summary of the invention
Soil executes various dose polysaccharose substance can be obviously improved soil environment, increases bacterial number in soil, reduces fungi, increases actinomycetic quantity simultaneously, and then improve Fructus Mali pumilae fruit tree growing way.
Inventor is found by research: apply various dose maltose (delicatessen food additive), is conducive to improving apple rootstock quality.Apple seedling applies maltose and be obviously improved for apple nursery stock quality period, and plant height improves 47.9%, and stem slightly increases by 11.1%, and chlorophyll content improves 8.5%, and photosynthetic rate improves 16.3%, and soil TOC content is higher by 47.6% than CK.Maltose soil fungi quantity in suppression continuous cropping soil has clear superiority, and maltose makes fungi in soil reduce by 49%.
The present invention relates to a kind of improve the fertilizing method of Fructus Mali pumilae fruit tree growing way under the conditions of continuous cropping, its technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of improve the fertilizing method of Fructus Mali pumilae fruit tree growing way under the conditions of continuous cropping, Cultivated apple tree in continuous cropping soil, after annual spring, apple tree started rudiment, execute the maltose of various dose according to apple plants different growth phases soil, specifically include following steps:
1, in the apple seedling stage: after seedling grows 4,5 true leaves, according to the shallow ridges each side digging deep 5cm at seedling trunk 5cm, disposable soil executes 0.3-0.5g maltose/strain;When soil is executed, uniformly can apply after adding the implants such as sand to maltose or maltose being dissolved in water because consumption is less;
2,1 to three years raw nursery stocks: dig the annular fertilization ditch of deep 15cm width 15cm in the surrounding at Fructus Mali pumilae fruit tree trunk 20cm, disposable soil executes 5-10g maltose/strain;
3,3 to five years raw nursery stocks: the annular fertilization ditch soil digging deep 25cm width 15cm in the surrounding at Fructus Mali pumilae fruit tree trunk 30cm executes 50-70g maltose/strain;
4,5 years above nursery stocks of life: at according to fruit tree trunk 30cm, surrounding is dug the annular fertilization ditch soil of deep 25cm width 15cm and is executed 100-125g maltose/strain;
Described step 2)-4) in soil execute and can apply in the lump in conjunction with annual fertilizer applied in the spring season when soil executes maltose;
Period management is carried out by daily Routine Management mode.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
1, Fructus Mali pumilae fruit tree growing way under the conditions of continuous cropping is improved
2, optimize soil ecology, increase bacterial number in soil, reduce fungi, increase actinomycetic quantity simultaneously
3, pollution-free, adapt to organise Production trend
Accompanying drawing explanation
Figure 1The plant height of different disposal plant
Figure 1Illustrate: saccharide compound concentration is that the process of 50mg/kg is not significantly different from CK;When saccharide compound concentration is 100mg/kg, applying the process of fructose, glucose, maltose and arabinose, compared with CK, plant plant height adds 41.1%, 45.4%, 47.9% and 23.0% respectively.
Figure 2The footpath of different disposal plant is thick
Figure 2Illustrate: in continuous cropping soil, apply saccharide compound, compared with CK, plant footpath slightly can increase along with the rising of saccharide compound concentration, but only concentration is that the maltose of 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg processes and fructose that concentration is 200mg/kg processes and reaches significant level.
Figure 3The chlorophyll content of different disposal plant leaf
Figure 3Illustrating: when concentration is 100mg/kg, the plant leaf chlorophyll content that fructose and maltose process is significantly higher than comparison, increases by 9.8% and 8.5% respectively, and remaining process is not significantly different from CK.
Figure 4The photosynthetic rate of different disposal plant leaf
Figure 4Illustrate: the photosynthetic rate that the 100mg/kg of glucose and maltose processes is significantly higher than other two concentration and processes, respectively 18.5% and 16.3%.The plant photosynthetic rate that arabinose processes raises with applying concentration rising, and between variable concentrations processes, difference is the most notable.
Figure 5The number of bacteria of different disposal
Figure 5Illustrating: apply number of bacteria when maltose concentration is 50mg/kg and be significantly higher than CK, add 30.2%, the number of bacteria that other two concentration processes and CK do not have that there were significant differences;Arabinose concentrations is 50mg/kg and the number of bacteria of 100mg/kg process is significantly higher than CK, adds 101.2% and 40.7% respectively.
Figure 6The soil fungi quantity of different disposal
Figure 6Illustrate: in continuous cropping soil, apply saccharide compound can effectively reduce the quantity of soil fungi.Maltose is best to reducing the effect of soil fungi quantity in continuous cropping soil.
Figure 7The soil actinomycete quantity of different disposal
Figure 7Illustrating: after applying saccharide compound in continuous cropping soil, in addition to the 200mg/kg concentration of fructose and maltose processes and is not significantly different from CK, other process can dramatically increase actinomycetic quantity in soil.
Figure 8The soil total content of organic carbon of different disposal
Figure 8Illustrating: after applying saccharide compound in continuous cropping soil, soil TOC content raises.When glucose concentration for the treatment of is 100mg/kg, soil TOC content is the highest, higher by 60.0% than CK;When the concentration that maltose processes is 100mg/kg, soil TOC content is higher by 47.6% than CK.
Detailed description of the invention
Example 1
1 materials and methods
1.1 examination material and process
In April, 2014-JIUYUE is carried out in engineering college's root system research room at Shandong Agricultural University's horticultural science, and material to be tested is that annual hupehensis Rehd grows directly from seeds seedling.On March 18th, 2014, April 18, seedling grew 4,5 true leaves by hupehensis Rehd planting seed good for lamination to aseptic substrate, take the consistent seedling replanting of growing way to equipped with 10kg continuous cropping soil a diameter of 25cm, the degree of depth be 30cm Seedling basin in, transplant 45 basins altogether;It is set to five process, basin applies four kinds of saccharide compounds (fructose, glucose, maltose and arabinose) respectively, not apply the process of saccharide compound as comparison.Four kinds of saccharides process and set three horizontal processings respectively, and being i.e. all provided with sugar/soil proportional concentration gradient is 50mg/kg, 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg, and in the most each process, every kind of three horizontal processings every basin of sugared sowing amount is followed successively by 0.5g, 1g, 2g;In triplicate.Continuous cropping soil takes elite tree cave, 20 years Fuji apple/Mains micromalus old orchards, the Xuan Jia village, Tran town, Tai'an circumference 1m2Interior, the Rhizosphere Soil of deep 0-40cm, soil types is loam.
1.2 test method
1.2.1 the mensuration of Biomass
Biomass estimation uses conventional method measured directly, and plant plant height tape measure, electronics vernier caliper measurement is slightly used in plant footpath.
1.2.2 chlorophyll content and the mensuration of photosynthetic rate
The 9:00-11:000 in the morning selecting July fine is carried out, choose the healthy one-tenth leaf in age that the 5th~7, plant top is fully deployed, the portable chlorophyll meter of chlorophyll content SPAD-502 measures, the photosynthetic rate CIRAS-2 Portable Automatic photosynthetic instrument of photosynthetic CIRAS-2 type of PP-Systems company of the U.S. measures, and is repeated 5 times.
1.2.3 soil microorganism measures
Microbioassay uses dilution plate to cultivate counting method.
Respectively 7,8, JIUYUE from 1.1, five basins processed use five-spot soil sampling and air-dry, accurately weigh 10g and air-dry soil sample and add in the triangular flask filling 90ml sterilized water, seal concussion 20min and stand 1min and respectively obtain five soil suspensions processed;Soil suspension the immigration of drawing 1ml five process respectively fill in 9ml sterilized water test tube, and fully concussion shakes up and is prepared as diluent, is used for inoculating.
Draw the diluent of each process of 0.1ml with liquid-transfering gun respectively to be seeded in three kinds of culture dishs on plating medium (i.e. bacteria culture media, actinomycetic culture medium and the culture medium of fungus), with sterile glass paint daubs diluent coating uniformly, lie against on table about 20 minutes, liquid to be diluted fully permeates after every kind of culture medium, cultivate in culture dish is put in incubator, count after bacterium colony grows.Every kind of culture medium sets 3 repetitions.
Described bacteria culture media uses beef-protein medium, and beef-protein medium component is: Carnis Bovis seu Bubali cream 3g, peptone l0g, sodium chloride 5g, agar 20g, sterilized water 1000mL, pH 7.0-7.2,30 DEG C of cultivations;
Described actinomycetic culture medium uses Gause I culture medium, Gause I culture medium preparation method is: Rhizoma Solani tuber osi 200g, boil 20inin to filter, sucrose 20g, agar 20g, sterilized water 1000mL, pH are natural (adds 3% potassium dichromate 1ml in every 300ml culture medium, with suppression antibacterial and fungus growth), 28 DEG C of cultivations;
The culture medium of described fungus uses potato dextrose medium, potato dextrose medium component is: soluble starch 20g, KN03 1g, NaCl 0.5g, K2HP03 0.5g, MgS04 0.5g, (adds 1% rose-bengal aqueous solution 3.3ml and 1% streptomycin 3ml in every 1000ml culture medium, the growth of suppression antibacterial), 28 DEG C of cultivations.
1.2.4 the mensuration of soil total organic carbon (TOC)
Taking 0.2g in air-dried soil sample and cross 0.15mm sieve, wrap with the ultra-thin masking foil of blunt nosed tweezers and instrument, can not touch masking foil with hands when parcel air-dries soil sample, each process repeats for 3 times, and employing Shimadzu TOC-SSM-5000A carbon analyzer is measured.
1.3 data process
Data acquisition Microsoft Excel 2003 processes, and DPS7.05 software carries out statistical analysis.
2. result and analysis
2.1 saccharide compounds are on the impact of apple rootstock in continuous cropping soil
2.1.1 saccharide compound is on the impact of apple rootstock plant height in continuous cropping soil
In continuous cropping soil, apply saccharide compound, the growth of hupehensis Rehd seedling can be promoted.Saccharide compound concentration is that the process of 50mg/kg is not significantly different from CK;The plant height of two higher concentration process plant is all significantly higher than process and the CK of 50mg/kg.When saccharide compound concentration is 100mg/kg, applying the process of fructose, glucose, maltose and arabinose, compared with CK, plant plant height adds 41.1%, 45.4%, 47.9% and 23.0% respectively;Apply concentration when being 200mg/kg, plant plant height respectively higher by 46.3% than CK, 52.9%, 46.7%, 40.6%.Additionally, be not significantly different between the plant of the two of fructose, glucose and maltose higher concentration process, and the 200mg/kg of arabinose processes plant plant height and is significantly higher than 100mg/kg process.
2.1.2 saccharide compound is on the thick impact in apple rootstock footpath in continuous cropping soil
Applying saccharide compound in continuous cropping soil, compared with CK, plant footpath slightly can increase along with the rising of saccharide compound concentration, but only concentration is that the maltose of 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg processes and fructose that concentration is 200mg/kg processes and reaches significant level.When concentration is 100mg/kg, the plants stems that fructose, glucose, maltose and arabinose process slightly increases by 7.7%, 4.1%, 11.1% and 5.8% respectively than CK, when concentration is 200mg/kg, the plant footpath that fructose, glucose, maltose and arabinose process slightly increases by 10.7%, 9.1%, 12.2% and 10.0% respectively than CK.Glucose processes the footpath of plant and is slightly not significantly different between three concentration;Fructose, maltose and arabinose process the footpath of plant and slightly show as being not significantly different between 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg and between 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg, and 200mg/kg processes plant footpath and is slightly significantly higher than 50mg/kg process.
2.1.3 saccharide compound is on the impact of apple rootstock chlorophyll content in continuous cropping soil
Processing through different sugar compounds, plant leaf Determination of Chlorophyll content has raised, and between variable concentrations process, there is some difference.When four kinds of saccharide compound concentration are 200mg/kg, plant leaf chlorophyll content is all significantly higher than CK, adds 10.4%, 11.8%, 12.5%, 11.8% respectively;When concentration is 100mg/kg, the plant leaf chlorophyll content that fructose and maltose process is significantly higher than comparison, increases by 9.8% and 8.5% respectively, and remaining process is not significantly different from CK.There is also difference between the variable concentrations of identical saccharide, three concentration of fructose are not significantly different between processing;Maltose and the process that arabinose concentrations is 200mg/kg are significantly higher than the process of two low concentrations, and low concentration is not significantly different between processing;Three concentration of glucose process and are not significantly different between any two, and 200mg/kg processes the chlorophyll content in leaf blades of plant and is significantly higher than 50mg/kg process.
2.1.4 saccharide compound is on the impact of apple rootstock photosynthetic rate in continuous cropping soil
ByFigure 8Understanding, apply saccharide compound in continuous cropping soil, the photosynthetic rate of plant has raised.The plant that fructose, glucose and maltose process all shows as when applying concentration and being 100mg/kg, the photosynthetic rate of blade reaches the highest, wherein between three concentration of fructose process, difference is the most notable, the photosynthetic rate that the 100mg/kg of glucose and maltose processes is significantly higher than other two concentration and processes, respectively 18.5% and 16.3%.The plant photosynthetic rate that arabinose processes raises with applying concentration rising, and between variable concentrations processes, difference is the most notable.
2.2 saccharide compounds are on the impact of soil microorganism in continuous cropping soil
2.2.1 saccharide compound is on the impact of soil bacteria in continuous cropping soil
Four kinds of saccharide compounds are different on the impact of bacterial number in continuous cropping soil.Three concentration of fructose process the quantity that can significantly improve soil bacteria, compared with CK, add 94.2%, 59.3%, 47.7% the most respectively by applying concentration;The bacterial number that three concentration of glucose process is not significantly different from CK;Applying number of bacteria when maltose concentration is 50mg/kg and be significantly higher than CK, add 30.2%, the number of bacteria that other two concentration processes and CK do not have that there were significant differences;Arabinose concentrations is 50mg/kg and the number of bacteria of 100mg/kg process is significantly higher than CK, adds 101.2% and 40.7% respectively.
2.2.2 saccharide compound is on the impact of soil fungi in continuous cropping soil
In continuous cropping soil, apply saccharide compound can effectively reduce the quantity of soil fungi.Compared with CK, by the order of 50mg/kg, 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg, fructose processes and makes soil fungi quantity have dropped 38.5%, 44.9%, 45.7%, glucose processes and makes soil fungi quantity have dropped 49.0%, 26.3%, 38.9%, maltose processes and makes soil fungi quantity have dropped 71.7%, 49.0%, 64.4%, and arabinose processes and makes soil fungi quantity have dropped 43.7%, 27.5%, 27.9%.Maltose is best to reducing the effect of soil fungi quantity in continuous cropping soil.
2.2.3 saccharide compound is on the impact of soil actinomycete in continuous cropping soil
After applying saccharide compound in continuous cropping soil, in addition to the 200mg/kg concentration of fructose and maltose processes and is not significantly different from CK, other process can dramatically increase actinomycetic quantity in soil.Compared with CK, fructose concentration is that the process of 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg makes soil actinomycete quantity add 111.1% and 94.8%;Glucose is by applying concentration from low to high, and the quantity of soil actinomycete adds 88.9%, 203.9% and 169.3% respectively;Maltose concentration is that the process of 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg makes soil actinomycete quantity add 117.0% and 32.0%;Arabinose is by applying concentration from low to high, and the quantity of soil actinomycete adds 66.7%, 222.9% and 266.7% respectively, and soil actinomycete quantity and arabinose apply concentration and be proportionate trend.
The impact on the soil total organic carbon of continuous cropping soil of 2.3 saccharide compounds
Soil organic matter (TOC) is the important sources of plant nutrient, is also the source of microbial activities matter and energy.After applying saccharide compound in continuous cropping soil, soil TOC content raises.With applying the rising of concentration, the soil TOC content that fructose processes also in the trend of rising, exceeds 17.4%, 34.2% and 44.9% than CK respectively;When glucose concentration for the treatment of is 100mg/kg, soil TOC content is the highest, higher by 60.0% than CK;The soil TOC content that maltose processes raises with concentration to be occurred first rising declining afterwards, and when concentration is 100mg/kg, soil TOC content is higher by 47.6% than CK;Arabinose applies concentration when being 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg, and the performance of soil TOC content is basically identical, and respectively than CK high 42.0% and 40.9%, when concentration is 200mg/kg, soil TOC content is higher by 14.1% than CK.
3. data analysis
According to 50mg/kg, 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg, fructose, glucose, maltose and arabinose are added CK matched group be grouped, being divided into 13 groups, according to giving a mark the size of certain aspect facilitation effect from small to large, (note: because of the highest to fungus suppression ratio, shows that effect is the best, therefore, give a mark from small to large according to inhibition during fungus scoring), respectively 1 to 13 points, if both data are identical, must be with dividing, finally calculate total score, then score is the highest, and resultant effect is the best.ByFigureTable understands, the maltose for 100mg/kg of highest scoring.Marking is listed as follows.
Table 1Different disposal resultant effect is evaluated
Table 1 Effect of different processing comprehensive evaluation
4. brief summary
After using 100mg/kg maltose, apple rootstock aspect quality is all apparently higher than comparison.Plant height improves 47.9%, and stem slightly increases by 11.1%, and chlorophyll content improves 8.5%, and photosynthetic rate improves 16.3%, and TOC content is higher by 47.6% than CK.Maltose soil fungi quantity in suppression continuous cropping soil has clear superiority, and the maltose of 100mg/kg makes fungi in soil reduce by 49%.Show that the maltose applying 100mg/kg can significantly improve Fructus Mali pumilae fruit tree growing way.

Claims (2)

1. improve a fertilizing method for Fructus Mali pumilae fruit tree growing way under the conditions of continuous cropping, be in continuous cropping soil after Cultivated apple tree, the annual spring After season, apple tree started rudiment, execute the maltose of various dose according to apple plants different growth phases soil;It is characterized in that soil is executed Step is as follows:
1) the apple seedling stage: after seedling grows 4,5 true leaves, according to each side digging deeply at seedling trunk 5cm The shallow ridges of 5cm, disposable soil executes 0.3-0.5g maltose/strain;When soil is executed, because of consumption less can to maltose add sand or Uniformly apply after maltose is dissolved in water;
2) 1 to three years raw nursery stocks: dig the annular fertilization ditch of deep 15cm width 15cm in the surrounding at Fructus Mali pumilae fruit tree trunk 20cm, Disposable soil executes 5-10g maltose/strain;
3) 3 to five years raw nursery stocks: dig the annular fertilization ditch of deep 25cm width 15cm in the surrounding at Fructus Mali pumilae fruit tree trunk 30cm Soil executes 50-70g maltose/strain;
4) 5 years above nursery stocks of life: at according to fruit tree trunk 30cm, surrounding is dug the annular fertilization ditch soil of deep 25cm width 15cm and is executed 100-125g maltose/strain.
The most as claimed in claim 1 a kind of improve the fertilizing method of Fructus Mali pumilae fruit tree growing way under the conditions of continuous cropping, it is characterised in that described Step 2)-4) in soil execute and combine annual fertilizer applied in the spring season when soil executes maltose and apply in the lump.
CN201610293857.6A 2016-05-06 2016-05-06 The fertilizing method of apple fruit tree growing way under the conditions of a kind of improvement continuous cropping Active CN105900779B (en)

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