CN105865930B - A kind of experimental rig realized in rock pore different stress paths and add off-load - Google Patents
A kind of experimental rig realized in rock pore different stress paths and add off-load Download PDFInfo
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- CN105865930B CN105865930B CN201610220535.9A CN201610220535A CN105865930B CN 105865930 B CN105865930 B CN 105865930B CN 201610220535 A CN201610220535 A CN 201610220535A CN 105865930 B CN105865930 B CN 105865930B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of experimental rig realized in rock pore different stress paths and add off-load, by electro-hydraulic servo plus Load Relief System and hole plus unloading pressure actuator and forming；Electro-hydraulic servo adds Load Relief System to include fuel tank, hydraulic power unit, automatically controlled voltage-regulating system, 3-position 4-way electro-hydraulic reversing valve, pressure charging system, adjustable speed depressurized system, high pressure line and control host；In hole plus unload pressure actuator and be assembled by hydraulic bag, interior outer locking, clamp nut, " L " type bend pipe, connector, the Rigid Plates Under Compression for being provided with U-typed slot and supporting block.The present invention is compact-sized, it is applicable to rock true triaxial and ordinary triaxial test machine, can be that 1 times of rock sample center hole to the shapes such as the circular cross-section of 1.5 times of hydraulic bag length, ellipse, rectangular, arch carry out adding release to hole depth, each point stress gradient Fast synchronization reconstruct in more stress path Quick uniform off-loads and rock sample in hole can be achieved, and hydraulic oil intrusion rock sample can be avoided to influence its mechanical characteristic.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of rock test device, it is specifically related to different stress paths in a kind of realization rock pore and adds unload
The experimental rig of lotus excavates the dynamic response process of off-load suitable for physical analogy deep high stress hard rock.
Background technology
As the national economic development is to increasingly increasing for mineral resources demand and constantly exhausting for superficial part mineral resources, ore deposit
Rock is exploited is increasingly turned to deep with underground chamber excavation.Due to deep high-ground stress and the strong presence for excavating off-load disturbance, it is related to
Deformation, destruction and unstability of deep excavation project country rock etc. excavate response problem, and such as rock burst, subregion rupture squeezes big become
It is more and more that shape, plate such as split at the disasters.Superficial part rock mass under lower stress condition excavates response and depends primarily on excavation
Section configuration and size and initial field stress size and composition, influenced by excavation method and digging process it is smaller, so it is opened
Digging is considered as a quasistatic process.However the deep rock mass under high-ground stress, it is one dynamic to excavate off-load response
Power process.Deep rock mass internal reservoir has an a large amount of elastic strain energy before excavation, and elastic strain energy can occur in digging process
Dynamic release, and its release process is affected by excavation method and digging process.In fact, the excavation off-load of deep rock mass
Disturbance is mainly shown as：1. occurring stresses re-distribution process and high stress gradients near excavation face, stress concentration is generated, is formed
Excavation damage zone；2. due to the presence in higher curvature unloading stress path, evoke an off-load propagated to rock mass deep in working face
Tensile wave, wave surface radially generate off-load relaxation, stress concentration tangentially occur at.Therefore, high stress gradients and higher curvature
Unloading stress path be deep rock mass excavate off-load response internal factor, process depend primarily on initial field stress size and
Composition, excavation method and digging process.Initial field stress decide deep rock mass excavate after stress gradient distribution in country rock.No
Same excavation method and digging process corresponds to different unloading stress paths.Drilling and blasting method and mechanical excavation method are corresponding different respectively
Unloding speed, drilling and blasting method can regard strong off-load transient state as and excavate, and mechanical excavation unloding speed is smaller, can regard quasi-static mistake as
Journey.Different digging process then corresponds to different unloading stress paths again, surrouding rock stress variation performance when tunneling boring once excavates
For linear off-load path, and when repeatedly excavating surrouding rock stress variation then show as it is first slow after fast or first quick and back slow non-linear unload
Lotus path.Thus Rock Mass Unloading response process under simulation deep large ground pressure, carries out rock containing hole outside three axis
Various stress path unloader test in hole in pressure (including axis pressure and confining pressure) and hole under Hydraulic coupling contractive condition, it is deep to understanding
Portion's rock excavation failure mechanism, the engineering project disaster that prevention excavation disturbance induces, instructs excavation and the supporting of deep rock engineering, with
And non-pop of induced fracture of the development hard ore-rock in deep is adopted with important theory and application value.
At present, it can realize that different stress paths add the rock indoor experimental rig of off-load to be mainly based upon electro-hydraulic servo system
The Material Testing Machine of system, particularly rock triaxial test machine are, it can be achieved that the different stress paths of multiple directions add off-load, but cannot
Controllable stress gradient is formed in rock, and is difficult to realize quick more stress path off-loads.Existing rock material testing machine
The mechanical process of reproducible excavation project country rock part sillar, but be difficult to simulate the stresses re-distribution process of country rock entirety, i.e., it is difficult
To reproduce stress gradient of the rock sample on the unloading stress path and Spatial Dimension on time dimension simultaneously.Existing rock interior
By hydraulic mediums such as hydraulic oil or water directly with rock lumen contact, hydraulic medium easily invades hydraulic loading device because of high pressure
In blowhole or crack, so as to weaken rock mechanics, and hydraulic medium is easily from rock and external pressure load maintainer
Contact surface at leak out, it is difficult to seal.
Invention content
The technical problems to be solved by the invention be to provide a kind of compact-sized, high degree of automation, measure it is accurate,
Can realize more stress paths in hole uniformly strong off-load, there are different stress paths in the realization rock pore of stress gradient re-configurability
Add the experimental rig of off-load.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides realization rock pore in different stress paths add the experiment of off-load
Device, including in hole plus unloading pressure actuator and electro-hydraulic servo adds Load Relief System；
The hole Nei Jia off-loads executing agency includes：Hydraulic bag, connects " L " the type bend pipe being connect with the hydraulic bag
It connects " L " the type bend pipe and the electro-hydraulic servo adds the connector of Load Relief System outlet, is provided with U-typed slot for " L "
Type bend pipe by Rigid Plates Under Compression and filling " L " the type bend pipe and rock sample end face between gap supporting block；The liquid
It in the hole for pressing capsule merging center rock sample containing hole, is in close contact with hole wall, the hydraulic bag tail end is carried out with ebonite cushion block
Liner；
The electro-hydraulic servo adds Load Relief System to include hydraulic power unit and hydraulic power unit that fuel tank, import and fuel tank connect
The automatically controlled voltage-regulating system and 3-position 4-way electro-hydraulic reversing valve of outlet, the pressure charging system being connected with 3-position 4-way electro-hydraulic reversing valve
With adjustable speed depressurized system, connect the high pressure line of each section and control host；The pressure charging system and adjustable speed release
System is connect with the connector；The control host and automatically controlled voltage-regulating system, 3-position 4-way electro-hydraulic reversing valve, pressure charging system
It is connected with the control terminal communication of adjustable speed depressurized system.
The center rock sample containing hole is processed into square rock sample and cylindrical rock sample respectively, and Rigid Plates Under Compression is respectively side
Shape Rigid Plates Under Compression and Circular Rigid pressing plate.
" L " the type bend pipe is inserted into the hydraulic bag and the end of described " L " the type bend pipe is equipped with internal locking, institute
" L " the type bend pipe stated is equipped with the outer locking being pressed in outside the hydraulic bag opening, interior outer locking and cyst wall compression is prevented liquid
The clamp nut of pressure oil leakage.
The automatically controlled voltage-regulating system is realized by type pilot ratio solenoid electric valve；The pressure charging system includes increasing
Cylinder pressure, two-position four-way solenoid directional control valve, pressure regulator valve, without spring hydraulic control one-way valve and check valve；The adjustable speed depressurized system by
Two-position two-way solenoid valve connects composition with speed governing valve；The outlet of the hydraulic power unit passes through described in the high pressure line connection
The entrance of type pilot ratio solenoid electric valve and an entrance of the 3-position 4-way electro-hydraulic reversing valve, the type pilot
The outlet of ratio solenoid electric valve is connect with the fuel tank, the one outlet of the 3-position 4-way electro-hydraulic reversing valve and pressure regulation
The entrance of valve is connected with the entrance of the no spring hydraulic control one-way valve, the outlet of the pressure regulator valve and the two-position four-way electricity
One of the entrance connection of magnetic reversal valve, the one outlet of the two-position four-way solenoid directional control valve and the pressurized cylinder
Drive cylinder connects, another of another drive cylinder of the pressurized cylinder and the two-position four-way solenoid directional control valve enter
Mouth connection, another outlet of the two-position four-way solenoid directional control valve are connect with the fuel tank, and the one of the pressurized cylinder
A pressurizing cylinder and drive cylinder are connect by the check valve with the hydraulic bag, another increasing of the pressurized cylinder
Compressing cylinder and drive cylinder are connect by the check valve with the outlet of the no spring hydraulic control one-way valve；Described three four
Another outlet of logical electro-hydraulic reversing valve respectively with the outlet of the speed governing valve and the control of the no spring hydraulic control one-way valve
End connection, the entrance of the speed governing valve are connect with an interface of the two-position two-way solenoid valve, the bi-bit bi-pass
Another interface of solenoid valve is connect with the hydraulic bag.
Add the experimental rig of off-load, hydraulic bag merging using stress paths different in the realization rock pore of above-mentioned technical proposal
It in the hole of center rock sample containing hole, is in close contact with hole wall, hydraulic bag tail end is padded with ebonite cushion block；Corresponding to rock
True triaxial test machine and ordinary triaxial test machine, center rock sample containing hole are processed into square rock sample and cylindrical rock sample respectively, and
And Rigid Plates Under Compression is respectively rectangular Rigid Plates Under Compression and Circular Rigid pressing plate；Various plus off-load path is represented for a plurality of different longitudinal axis
Hydraulic pressure, horizontal axis represent the curve of time, and every curve is formed by connecting by one section of load path and one section of off-load path, wherein off-load
Path according to experiment demand be respectively under high-speed linear off-load path, high speed convex non-linear off-load path, high speed it is convex non-linear
Convex non-linear off-load path and the convex non-linear off-load road of secondary high speed under off-load path, secondary high-speed linear off-load path, secondary high speed
Diameter.
Hydraulic bag can be 1 times to the shapes such as the circular cross-section of 1.5 times of hydraulic bag length, ellipse, rectangular, arch to hole depth
The rock sample center hole of shape carries out uniformly adding release；And hydraulic bag can avoid hydraulic oil from being in direct contact with hole wall and invade rock sample
Influence its mechanical characteristic.
Hole Nei Jia off-loads executing agency is put into adding for rock triaxial test machine together after working good with center rock sample containing hole
Intracavitary is carried, then Load Relief System is added to be connected with the electro-hydraulic servo, carries out Hydraulic coupling contractive condition in three axis external pressures and hole
Under hole in various strong unloader test of stress path, with unloading process realize rock sample in each point stress gradient Fast synchronization weight
Structure.
Control host and automatically controlled voltage-regulating system, 3-position 4-way electro-hydraulic reversing valve, pressure charging system and adjustable speed depressurized system phase
Even, it for being monitored and controlled subsystems, realizes and is unloaded pressure transmission to adding in hole by preset various plus off-load path
Pressure actuator.
Rock sample center hole penetrates through rock sample, and hole central axes are overlapped with rock sample end face central axes.
Hydraulic bag, the rock sample of the center containing hole being in close contact with Rigid Plates Under Compression are placed in, with off-load being added to hold in hole
Row mechanism is put into the LOADED CAVITY of rock true triaxial test machine or ordinary triaxial test machine after assembling and is tested.
Distinguish required square rock sample and cylindrical rock sample corresponding to rock true triaxial test machine and ordinary triaxial test machine,
The Rigid Plates Under Compression is respectively rectangular and round；
Hydraulic bag tail end is padded with ebonite cushion block, prevents hydraulic bag from adding under the conditions of high pressure from rock sample and testing machine
It squeezes out and ruptures in micro gap between load chamber.
The present invention has the following advantages：
(1) it is, compact-sized
Electro-hydraulic servo is added the hydraulic pressure stepless action of Load Relief System output on hole wall by the device by hydraulic bag, for hydraulic pressure
The sealing elements such as " L " the type bend pipe and interior outer locking, clamp nut of oil disengaging are placed on Rigid Plates Under Compression together after assembling
In U-typed slot, the gap between U-typed slot and rock sample is filled by supporting block ensures that Rigid Plates Under Compression can be by external pressure Transmit evenly
To rock sample surface, whole device is compact-sized.
(2) it is, adaptable
As long as the device by Rigid Plates Under Compression processing squarely either circle can be suitable for rock true triaxial test machine or
Ordinary triaxial test machine；Hydraulic bag has elasticity, flexible and ductility well, can be 1 times to 1.5 times hydraulic bag to hole depth
The rock sample center hole of length carries out plus release, as long as and adjusting the shape of outer locking and can make hole Nei Jia off-loads executing agency
Suitable for the hole of the shapes such as circular cross-section, ellipse, rectangular, arch.
(3), good airproof performance
The device by hydraulic bag by hydraulic action on hole wall, hydraulic bag in itself have good air-tightness, can avoid
Hydraulic oil is contacted with hole wall and invading rock sample influences its mechanical characteristic, while hydraulic bag opening by interior outer locking and compresses spiral shell
Mother is sealed, and hydraulic oil can be avoided to reveal, whole device good airproof performance.
(4), more stress path Quick uniform off-loads in hole can be achieved
The device adds Load Relief System to carry out plus off-load hole wall by electro-hydraulic servo, and be configured with it is independent can dynamic
The depressurized system of online speed governing, can realize more stress paths of linear and nonlinear in rock pore plus unloading process, particularly
It can realize the quick relief of 60MPa/s；In addition, the device by flexible hydraulic bag well by hydraulic action in rock pore
Wall, suffered pressure is consistent everywhere for hole wall, it is ensured that the uniform plus off-load of entire hole wall.
(5), each point stress gradient Fast synchronization reconstruct in rock sample can be achieved
The device is put into after working good with center rock sample containing hole in the LOADED CAVITY of rock triaxial test machine, is carried out outside three axis
Various strong unloader test of stress path in hole in pressure and hole under Hydraulic coupling contractive condition can realize rock sample with unloading process
The Fast synchronization reconstruct of interior each point stress gradient, so as to which Rock Mass Unloading responded under the large ground pressure of physical analogy deep
Journey.
Ensureing compact apparatus structure in conclusion the present invention is one kind, high degree of automation, measuring accurate premise
Under, it can realize the uniformly strong off-load of more stress paths, while there is the realization rock pore of stress gradient Fast synchronization re-configurability
Interior difference stress path adds the experimental rig of off-load, to simulate the stresses re-distribution process of deep excavation project country rock entirety, i.e.,
Reproduce stress gradient of the rock sample on the unloading stress path and Spatial Dimension on time dimension simultaneously.
Description of the drawings
The electro-hydraulic servo that Fig. 1 is the present invention adds Load Relief System structure diagram.
Fig. 2 is in the hole of the present invention plus unloads pressure actuator sectional view.
Fig. 3 is the hole Nei Jia off-loads executing agency vertical view of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is various off-load path schematic diagram achieved by the present invention.
In figure：1-fuel tank；2-hydraulic power unit；3-type pilot ratio solenoid electric valve；4-automatically controlled voltage-regulating system；5—
High pressure line；6-3-position 4-way electro-hydraulic reversing valve；7-pressure regulator valve；8-two-position four-way solenoid directional control valve；9-pressure charging system；
10-pressurized cylinder；11-check valve；12-without spring hydraulic control one-way valve；13-speed governing valve；14-adjustable speed depressurized system；15-two
Position two-way electromagnetic valve；16-hydraulic bag；17-control host；18-plus unloading stress path；19-center rock sample containing hole；
20-internal locking；21-outer locking；22-clamp nut；23-" L " type bend pipes；24-connector；25-U-typed slot；26-just
Property pressing plate；27-supporting block；28-ebonite cushion block；29-rectangular Rigid Plates Under Compression；30-Circular Rigid pressing plate；31-loading road
Diameter；32-high-speed linear off-load path；Convex non-linear off-load path under 33-high speed；The convex non-linear off-load road of 34-high speed
Diameter；35-secondary high-speed linear off-load path；Convex non-linear off-load path under 36-secondary high speed；37-secondary high speed is convex non-linear to unload
Lotus path.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
A kind of experimental rig realized in rock pore different stress paths and add off-load, adds including electro-hydraulic servo shown in FIG. 1
In Load Relief System and Fig. 2, hole shown in Fig. 3 plus unload pressure actuator.
The hole Nei Jia off-loads executing agency includes：Hydraulic bag 16, is pressed in liquid at the internal locking 20 in merging hydraulic bag 16
Press the outer locking 21 outside the opening of capsule 16, clamp nut 22, " L " type for preventing hydraulic oil from revealing interior outer locking and cyst wall compression curved
Pipe 23, connection " L " type bend pipe 23 and electro-hydraulic servo add the connector 24 of Load Relief System outlet, are provided with U-typed slot 25 for " L " type bend pipe
23 by Rigid Plates Under Compression 26 and filling " L " type bend pipe 23 and rock sample end face between gap supporting block 27；" L " type bend pipe 23
It is inserted into hydraulic bag 16 and the end of " L " type bend pipe 23 is equipped with internal locking 20, " L " type bend pipe 23 is equipped with and is pressed in hydraulic bag 16 and opens
Mouthful outside outer locking 21, by interior outer locking and cyst wall compression prevent hydraulic oil reveal clamp nut 22.The hydraulic bag 16 is put
It in the hole for entering center rock sample containing hole 19, is in close contact with hole wall, 16 tail end of hydraulic bag is padded with ebonite cushion block 28.Phase
Should in rock true triaxial test machine and ordinary triaxial test machine, the center rock sample containing hole 19 be processed into respectively square rock sample and
Cylindrical rock sample, and Rigid Plates Under Compression is respectively rectangular Rigid Plates Under Compression 29 and Circular Rigid pressing plate 30；
Electro-hydraulic servo adds Load Relief System to include fuel tank 1, the hydraulic power unit 2 of import and the connection of fuel tank 1, goes out with hydraulic power unit 2
The automatically controlled voltage-regulating system 4 and 3-position 4-way electro-hydraulic reversing valve 6 of mouth connection, the supercharging system being connected with 3-position 4-way electro-hydraulic reversing valve 6
System 9 and adjustable speed depressurized system 14 connect the high pressure line 5 of each section and control host 17；The automatically controlled voltage-regulating system 4
It is realized by type pilot ratio solenoid electric valve 3；The pressure charging system 9 includes pressurized cylinder 10, two-position four-way electromagnetic switch
Valve 8, pressure regulator valve 7, without spring hydraulic control one-way valve 12 and check valve 11；The adjustable speed depressurized system 14 is by two-position two-way solenoid valve
15 and speed governing valve 13 connection composition；The outlet of hydraulic power unit 2 connects type pilot ratio solenoid electric valve 3 by high pressure line 5
One entrance of entrance and 3-position 4-way electro-hydraulic reversing valve 6, the outlet of type pilot ratio solenoid electric valve 3 are connect with fuel tank 1, and three
The one outlet of position four-way electro-hydraulic reversing valve 6 is connect with the entrance of pressure regulator valve 7 with the entrance without spring hydraulic control one-way valve 12, pressure regulator valve
7 outlet is connect with an entrance of two-position four-way solenoid directional control valve 8, the one outlet of two-position four-way solenoid directional control valve 8 and increasing
The drive cylinder connection of cylinder pressure 10, another drive cylinder of pressurized cylinder 10 are another with two-position four-way solenoid directional control valve 8
A entrance connection, another outlet of two-position four-way solenoid directional control valve 8 are connect with fuel tank 1, a pressurizing cylinder of pressurized cylinder 10
It is connect with drive cylinder by check valve 11 with hydraulic bag 16, another pressurizing cylinder and drive cylinder of pressurized cylinder 10 pass through list
It is connect to valve 11 with the outlet of no spring hydraulic control one-way valve 12；Another outlet of 3-position 4-way electro-hydraulic reversing valve 6 respectively with speed governing
The outlet of valve 13 is connected with the control terminal of no spring hydraulic control one-way valve 12, entrance and the two-position two-way solenoid valve 15 1 of speed governing valve 13
Interface connects, another interface of two-position two-way solenoid valve 15 is connect with hydraulic bag 16.
Control host 17 and automatically controlled voltage-regulating system 4,3-position 4-way electro-hydraulic reversing valve 6, pressure charging system 9 and adjustable speed release system
The control terminal communication of system 14 is connected, and monitors entire electro-hydraulic servo and adds Load Relief System, will by preset various plus off-load path 18
Pressure transmission is in hole plus unloading pressure actuator.
Various plus off-load path 18 is that a plurality of different longitudinal axis represents that hydraulic pressure P, horizontal axis represent the curve of time t；Described
Every curve is formed by connecting by one section of load path 31 and one section of off-load path；The off-load path is respectively according to experiment demand
Convex non-linear off-load path 33, the convex non-linear off-load path 34 of high speed, secondary high-speed line under high-speed linear off-load path 32, high speed
Convex non-linear off-load path 36 and the convex non-linear off-load path 37 of secondary high speed under property off-load path 35, secondary high speed.
The course of work of the present invention：
(1), machining center rock sample containing hole 19, corresponding to rock true triaxial test machine and ordinary triaxial test machine rock sample point
It does not need to be processed into square rock sample and cylindrical rock sample, rock sample size is determined according to the loading chamber size of testing machine, rock sample center
Hole can be processed into the column type hole of the shapes such as circular cross-section, ellipse, rectangular, arch；
(2) internal locking 20 is put into hydraulic pressure by, pilot hole Nei Jia off-loads executing agency by 16 front end circular open of hydraulic bag
In capsule 16, clamp nut 22 is threaded on the galianconism end screw thread of " L " type bend pipe 23, then by 21 sets of outer locking to " L " type bend pipe
23 galianconism end is placed in clamp nut 22 in the following, then the galianconism end of " L " type bend pipe 23 to be threaded to the internal locking in hydraulic bag 16
20, interior outer locking and cyst wall are fixed tight by screwing clamp nut 22 and ensure good leakproofness and barotolerance, then
" L " the type bend pipe 23 connected is put into the U-typed slot 25 of Rigid Plates Under Compression 26, is then filled slot internal pore with supporting block 27
It fills out, is finally threaded to connector 24 on the long arm end screw thread of " L " type bend pipe 23, the assembly work of so far hole Nei Jia off-loads executing agency
It completes；
(3), squeeze hydraulic bag 16 and discharge inner air, the connector 24 of hole Nei Jia off-loads executing agency is then put into hydraulic pressure
In oil, squeezing hydraulic bag 16 repeatedly makes it internal full of hydraulic oil；
(4), the hydraulic bag 16 of hole Nei Jia off-loads executing agency, internal locking 20 and the outer locking 21 that assemble are placed together
Into the center hole of rock sample 19, put to 21 end face of outer locking it is concordant with rock sample end face after stop, in 16 tail end of hydraulic bag with hard
Rubber cushion block 28 is padded, and prevents hydraulic bag 16 from being squeezed in micro gap between rock sample and testing machine LOADED CAVITY under the conditions of high pressure
Go out and rupture；
(5), connection electro-hydraulic servo adds Load Relief System, successively by fuel tank 1, hydraulic power unit 2, type pilot ratio solenoid electric valve
3rd, 3-position 4-way electro-hydraulic reversing valve 6, pressure regulator valve 7, two-position four-way solenoid directional control valve 8, pressurized cylinder 10, check valve 11, without spring hydraulic control
The Hydraulic Elements such as check valve 12, speed governing valve 13, two-position two-way solenoid valve 15 are attached by high pressure line 5, and control is led
Machine 17 is connect with automatically controlled voltage-regulating system 4, pressure charging system 9, adjustable speed depressurized system 14 and 3-position 4-way electro-hydraulic reversing valve 6, is used for
Monitor entire electro-hydraulic servo and add Load Relief System, so as to by preset various plus off-load path 18 by pressure transmission in hole plus unloading
Pressure actuator realizes that electro-hydraulic servo adds off-load in rock pore；
(6) electro-hydraulic servo, is added into Load Relief System and the connector 24 for unloading pressure actuator is added to connect in hole, is made with liquid
The hydraulic oil of pressure pressure information can pass in and out hydraulic bag 16, and can be by hydraulic pressure stepless action in rock sample by " L " type bend pipe 23
Hole wall；
(7), the LOADED CAVITY unloaded pressure actuator and be placed into rock triaxial test machine together will be added in the rock sample assembled and hole
Center rock sample containing hole is inside proceeded by three axis external pressures (including axis pressure and confining pressure) and hole under Hydraulic coupling contractive condition
Various stress path unloader test in hole；
(8), for being tested on ordinary triaxial test machine, during experiment first loading axis be depressed into 5MPa by rock sample and
Hole Nei Jia off-loads executing agency is fixed, and then loads confining pressure to 5MPa, then presses linear loading path with same loading speed
Country rock and internal pressure are loaded onto P by 31r, axis pressure is loaded onto Pz, Pz>Pr, then respectively by high-speed linear off-load path 32, height
Under speed under convex non-linear off-load path 33, the convex non-linear off-load path 34 of high speed, secondary high-speed linear off-load path 35, secondary high speed
The off-loads paths such as convex non-linear off-load path 36, the convex non-linear off-load path 37 of secondary high speed unload internal pressure, research off-load speed
The influence that rate and off-load path respond off-load in rock pore；Different axis is controlled to press PzWith confining pressure PrRepeat above-mentioned unloading process
Internal pressure is unloaded again, the influence that research external pressure responds off-load in rock pore；
(9), change rock sample center hole section configuration and size carries out again plus unloader test, research is round, oval, side
Shape, arch etc. excavate shape and excavate the influence that size responds off-load in rock pore；
(10), the depth of rock sample center hole is changed, range is excavated in research or excavation length responds off-load in rock pore
Influence.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of experimental rig realized in rock pore different stress paths and add off-load, it is characterized in that：Including release being added to hold in hole
Row mechanism and electro-hydraulic servo add Load Relief System；
In the hole plus unload pressure actuator and include：Hydraulic bag (16), " L " the type bend pipe being connect with the hydraulic bag (16)
(23), connection " L " the type bend pipe (23) and the electro-hydraulic servo add the connector (24) of Load Relief System outlet, are provided with " U "
Type groove (25) for " L " the type bend pipe (23) by Rigid Plates Under Compression (26) and filling " L " the type bend pipe (23) with
The supporting block (27) in gap between rock sample end face；In the hole of hydraulic bag (16) the merging center rock sample containing hole (19), with
Hole wall is in close contact, and the hydraulic bag (16) tail end is padded with ebonite cushion block (28)；
The electro-hydraulic servo add Load Relief System include fuel tank (1), import and fuel tank (1) connection hydraulic power unit (2), with it is described
Hydraulic power unit (2) outlet automatically controlled voltage-regulating system (4) and 3-position 4-way electro-hydraulic reversing valve (6), with described three four
The connected pressure charging system (9) of logical electro-hydraulic reversing valve (6) and adjustable speed depressurized system (14), the high pressure line (5) for connecting each section
And control host (17)；The pressure charging system (9) and adjustable speed depressurized system (14) is connect with the connector (24)；Institute
The control host (17) stated and the automatically controlled voltage-regulating system (4), the 3-position 4-way electro-hydraulic reversing valve (6), the increasing
Pressure system (9) is connected with the control terminal communication of the adjustable speed depressurized system (14).
2. different stress paths add the experimental rig of off-load in realization rock pore according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：Institute
The center rock sample containing hole (19) stated is processed into square rock sample and cylindrical rock sample, and the Rigid Plates Under Compression (26) point respectively
It Wei not rectangular Rigid Plates Under Compression (29) and Circular Rigid pressing plate (30).
3. different stress paths add the experimental rig of off-load, feature in realization rock pore according to claim 1 or 2
It is：" L " the type bend pipe (23) is inserted into the hydraulic bag (16) and the end of " L " the type bend pipe (23) is equipped with interior
Lock (20), " L " the type bend pipe (23) is equipped with the outer locking (21) being pressed in outside hydraulic bag (16) opening, will
Inside and outside locking and cyst wall compression prevent the clamp nut (22) that hydraulic oil is revealed.
4. different stress paths add the experimental rig of off-load, feature in realization rock pore according to claim 1 or 2
It is：The automatically controlled voltage-regulating system (4) is realized by type pilot ratio solenoid electric valve (3)；Pressure charging system (9) packet
Include pressurized cylinder (10), two-position four-way solenoid directional control valve (8), pressure regulator valve (7), without spring hydraulic control one-way valve (12) and check valve (11)；
The adjustable speed depressurized system (14) is made of two-position two-way solenoid valve (15) and speed governing valve (13) connection；The hydraulic pump
The stand outlet of (2) passes through the entrance of the type pilot ratio solenoid electric valve (3) described in described high pressure line (5) connection and described
3-position 4-way electro-hydraulic reversing valve (6) an entrance, the type pilot ratio solenoid electric valve (3) outlet with it is described
Fuel tank (1) connects, the one outlet of the 3-position 4-way electro-hydraulic reversing valve (6) and the entrance of pressure regulator valve (7) and the nothing
The entrance connection of spring hydraulic control one-way valve (12), outlet and the two-position four-way solenoid directional control valve (8) of the pressure regulator valve (7)
The connection of an entrance, one of the one outlet of the two-position four-way solenoid directional control valve (8) and the pressurized cylinder (10)
Drive cylinder connects, another drive cylinder of the pressurized cylinder (10) and the two-position four-way solenoid directional control valve (8)
Another entrance connects, another outlet of the two-position four-way solenoid directional control valve (8) is connect with the fuel tank (1), institute
A pressurizing cylinder and drive cylinder for the pressurized cylinder (10) stated passes through the check valve (11) and the hydraulic bag (16)
Connection, another pressurizing cylinder and drive cylinder of the pressurized cylinder (10) pass through the check valve (11) and the nothing
The outlet connection of spring hydraulic control one-way valve (12)；Another outlet of the 3-position 4-way electro-hydraulic reversing valve (6) respectively with it is described
The outlet of speed governing valve (13) connected with the control terminal of the no spring hydraulic control one-way valve (12), the speed governing valve (13) enter
Mouth is connect with an interface of the two-position two-way solenoid valve (15), and another of the two-position two-way solenoid valve (15) connects
Mouth is connect with the hydraulic bag (16).
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| CN107621416A (en) * | 2017-04-26 | 2018-01-23 | 中南大学 | A kind of pressure water system of the large-scale Deep Mine Roadway model testing machine of true triaxial |
| CN108444831B (en) * | 2018-03-06 | 2020-06-09 | 安徽理工大学 | Experimental device for be used for testing rock disturbance-elasticity after effect |
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| CN111948029B (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2021-08-03 | 中南大学 | Rock mass ground stress measuring method and tensile strength uniformity measuring method |
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