CN104126474A - Single-branch single-trunk columnar tree form cultivation method for peach trees - Google Patents
Single-branch single-trunk columnar tree form cultivation method for peach trees Download PDFInfo
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- CN104126474A CN104126474A CN201410376379.6A CN201410376379A CN104126474A CN 104126474 A CN104126474 A CN 104126474A CN 201410376379 A CN201410376379 A CN 201410376379A CN 104126474 A CN104126474 A CN 104126474A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a single-branch single-trunk columnar tree form cultivation method for peach trees. Compared with traditional core-opening type cultivation method and y-shaped cultivation method, the single-branch single-trunk columnar tree form cultivation process for the peach trees has the advantages that the shortcomings of premature senility of the peach trees, a low soil utilization rate, poor light use efficiency and the like are overcome, the cultivation method is suitable for close planting, the technology is simple, management is simple, early fruiting and a high yield can be realized, the quality of peaches is high, and single-branch single-trunk columnar tree form is ideal for the peach trees.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to single, a kind of peach and go alone the tree-like cultural method of column, belong to economic crops field of planting.
Background technology
, there is the early ageing of tree body in traditional happy shape and y font peach planting technology, Soil Utilization rate is low, the poor deficiency that waits of optical energy utilization efficiency.
Summary of the invention
The present invention relates to single, a kind of peach and go alone the tree-like cultural method of column, peach adopts single, peach to go alone the tree-like culture technique of column, compares with y font with the happy shape of tradition, not only can avoid setting body early ageing, Soil Utilization rate is low, optical energy utilization efficiency is poor waits deficiency, and applicable dense planting, and technology is simple, manageability, can also early bearing, high yield, fruit quality is high, is comparatively desirable tree-like of peach.
Embodiment
Hereinafter, will describe more fully now the present invention, show various embodiment.But the present invention can implement in many different forms, and should not be interpreted as being confined to embodiment set forth herein.On the contrary, it will be thorough with completely providing these embodiment to make the disclosure, and scope of the present invention is conveyed to those skilled in the art fully.
1. tree body structure:
This tree-like general density is larger, and 1 meter × 3-4 of seeding row spacing rice has center dry, and height of tree 2.0-2.5 rice is dry high 45～50 centimetres.Evenly distributed raw 30～60 fruit bearing shoot dry at center, verticillate distribution, pitch 10-15cm between branch, angle of release 60 is spent, and major branch angle is on average at 90-110 degree.Crown diameter is less than 1.5m, and tree body entirety is cylindrical.
2. shaping and trimming method:
2.1 shapings are spring (or before winter upper one year) little finished product seedling or the semi-finished product seedling of planting then, is strengthening under the prerequisite of rich water quality management in early stage, and the season of growth does not carry out pinching and pinches, and one is put into the end, and plant height can reach 1.5～2m then.Dry in absolute predominance, sturdy straight and upright like this.Only indivedual angle too small or the excessive branch of rugosity are turned round, drawn or remove in the season of growth, can substantially be shaped so then.
When shaping, notice that trunk can not be crooked; In addition, if trunk rugosity is inadequate, also can increase slightly with part branch, will suitably stay some branches, not control, not angle of release, not break-in, lets alone to nourish and grow, and increases the rugosity of trunk.But it is to stay too much that this class increases thick branch one, the nutrient accumulation that too much can affect tree body and the bud that stay form; The 2nd, increase thick branch institute raw position should be on the top of upright trunk because increase thick branch institute raw place until ground, can overstriking, and its top can overstriking, so should increase slightly the top that stay trunk; The 3rd, increase thick branch and can not stay too early, should let alone growth in 8 annual～September, otherwise will affect nutrient accumulation and the bud formation of full tree.After reaching standard, trunk just thick increasing branch is removed.
2.2 summer prunings, because the year increment of peach is large especially, stop growing and evening, therefore just large to the nutrient consumption of tree body, the nutrient accumulation of tree body is also just few, and unfavorable bud forms.Therefore, to limit all the time horizontal branch in the season of growth, with taking, turn round, transfer softening current growth branch, by in branch break-in on dry, restriction is nourished and grown, and promotes nutrition to transform, force horizontal branch to stop early long, realize early accumulation, precocity flower, make to form autumn enough buds.Otherwise the output in the coming year can be fallen through.
2.3 winter pruning winters only cut to adopt and dredge with slow, namely utilize peach then shoot easily form the habit of bud, cut the shoot of current growth is motionless, only slow putting, for result; And should remove the branch that utilized equally upper one year this method to tie fruit.Lack individually newborn branch then, substitute old fruit branch result the coming year, can utilize other old branch base portion or the back chief's current growth result.20～30 long fruit branches of fruit bearing shoot (according to tree crown height and the definite fruit branch quantity of staying of support force) are stayed in every strain.
3. use growth regulator application growth inhibitor, generally adopt paclobutrazol or PBO.
3.1 spraying.Plant the 1st year, when the long 25～30cm of young sprout, take branch, then spray 200 times of liquid of 15% paclobutrazol, can even spray 3～4 times according to tree vigo(u)r situation, interval 20d, concentration is identical with the 1st time.In the 2nd year later 2～3 years, in the time that growing to 5cm left and right, young sprout sprays 1 time.
3.2 soil are executed.Within the 2nd year, to use as well later.Generally use in mid-March, every square metre of tree crown projected area is executed 0.25g paclobutrazol (active ingredient), adds water or mixes soil and dig at the peripheral upright projection of tree crown place the ditch that 15cm is dark and apply.
4, single, peach is gone alone the problem being prone in the tree-like shaping of column
4.1 single, askew dry peaches go alone that the tree-like center of column is dry wants upright, on it raw fruit bearing shoot must distributing equilibrium, in case center of gravity tilts while bearing fruit, overwhelm tree body.Can be in the time that planting stock highly exceed 50cm, near trunk place, length of straight cutting exceedes thin waddy or the bamboo pole of 1m, and by bondage that the is dry center of peach, it is upper, does in case askew.Growing tall with nursery stock, regularly to add be tied rope, until more than 2m.
If 4.2 single, strong up and weak down peaches are gone alone the tree-like mismanagement of column, very easily form strong up and weak down, up big and down small tree body.The major part tree of this " canopy ground ", in, lower floor's branches and leaves are difficult to see light, can gradually decline withered, and output is fallen sharply.Its solution: the main shaft of two branches of Yi Shiyaoshi center dry course stretches to respectively limit in the ranks, and these two branches to be coarser than and be longer than in, top branch, to suppress upper strong; The 2nd, when branch that angle of arrival is too small when the middle and upper part of trunk, growing way is excessively prosperous, should prune off or extremely heavy cutting back; The 3rd, the season of growth in summer, on trunk raw growth branch and fruit bearing shoot, all its angles are less than 70 ° all wanting and roll at present, hold, take or support, draw.
It is excessively short that 4.3 trunks are crossed short or too high trunk, can not make full use of sheaf space, and easily seal too early row, is unfavorable for ventilation and penetrating light, lost single, peach and gone alone the tree-like advantage of column.Center is dry too high, and the one, affect illumination; The 2nd, management inconvenience; The 3rd, on it raw branch too much, nutrition too disperses, growing way easily a little less than, result is little, poor quality.
In a word, single, peach is gone alone the tree-like pruning of column, adhere to cutting as main, winter and cutting as auxiliary principle taking the summer.To strong Wang Shu, except attention was cut with fruit pressure tree, reinforcement summer, also suitably cooperation is controlled, as uses PBO etc.; To small and weak tree, to strengthen rich water quality management, short its growth rejuvenation.The trimming method of only applying in a flexible way, the adjustment of taking advantage of a situation, just can reach early bearing, high yield, object of fine quality.
Culture technique, single, peach is gone alone the tree-like culture technique of column and shortens 1-2 compared with first two is tree-like in cultivation cycle.
The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention, be not limited to the present invention.The present invention can have various suitable changes and variation.All any amendments of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within protection scope of the present invention all should be included in.
Claims (1)
1. single, peach is gone alone the tree-like cultural method of column, it is characterized in that:
Described method comprises the steps:
(1) pruning protection step:
Shaping is spring (or before winter upper one year) little finished product seedling or the semi-finished product seedling of planting then, is strengthening under the prerequisite of rich water quality management in early stage, and the season of growth does not carry out pinching and pinches, and one is put into the end, and plant height can reach 1.5～2m then; Only indivedual angle too small or the excessive branch of rugosity are turned round, are drawn or remove in the season of growth:
When shaping, notice that trunk can not be crooked; In addition, if trunk rugosity is inadequate, also can increase slightly with part branch, should suitably stay some branches, do not control not angle of release, not break-in, let alone to nourish and grow, increase the rugosity of trunk: be to stay too much but this class increases thick branch one, the nutrient accumulation that too much can affect tree body and the bud that stay form; The 2nd, increase thick branch institute raw position should be on the top of upright trunk because increase thick branch institute raw place until ground, can overstriking, and its top can overstriking, so should increase slightly the top that stay trunk; The 3rd, increase thick branch and can not stay too early, should let alone growth in 8 annual～September, otherwise will affect nutrient accumulation and the bud formation of full tree: after trunk reaches standard, just thick increasing branch be removed:
Summer pruning, because the year increment of peach is large especially, stops growing and evening, therefore just large to the nutrient consumption of tree body, the nutrient accumulation of tree body is also just few, unfavorable bud forms: therefore, will limit all the time horizontal branch in the season of growth, with taking, turn round, transfer softening current growth branch, by in branch break-in on dry, restriction is nourished and grown, and promotes nutrition to transform, and forces horizontal branch to stop early long, realize early accumulation, precocity flower, make to form autumn enough buds: otherwise the output in the coming year can be fallen through:
The winter pruning winter only cuts to adopt and dredges with slow, namely utilize peach then shoot easily form the habit of bud, cut the shoot of current growth is motionless, only slow putting, for result; And should remove the branch that utilized equally upper one year this method to tie fruit: lack individually newborn branch then, substitute old fruit branch result the coming year, can utilize other old branch base portion or the back chief's current growth result: fruit bearing shoot 20～30 long fruit branches (determine and stay fruit branch quantity according to tree crown height and support force) are stayed in every strain:
(2) use growth regulator application growth inhibitor, generally adopt paclobutrazol or PBO:
Spraying: plant the 1st year, take branch when the long 25～30cm of young sprout, then spray 200 times of liquid of 15% paclobutrazol, can even spray 3～4 times according to tree vigo(u)r situation, interval 20d, concentration is identical with the 1st time: in the 2nd year later 2～3 years, spray 1 time in the time that young sprout grows to 5cm left and right:
Soil is executed: within the 2nd year, to use as well: generally use in mid-March, every square metre of tree crown projected area is executed 0.25g paclobutrazol (active ingredient) later, add water or mix soil and dig at upright projection place, tree crown periphery the ditch that 15cm is dark and apply.
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| CN105746290A (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2016-07-13 | 安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Inverted-umbrella-shaped cultivation technology for peach trees |
| CN107466787A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2017-12-15 | 无为县雲桃家庭农场 | The pruning method of one planting fruit-trees |
| CN107484616A (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2017-12-19 | 塔里木大学 | A kind of tree-like breeding method of apricot castatopsis fissa " rich " font |
| CN108094029A (en) * | 2018-01-12 | 2018-06-01 | 中国农业科学院果树研究所 | A kind of method of the tree-like cultivation peach of the double trunks of high level cadre's Y shape |
| CN109275475A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-01-29 | 辽宁省果树科学研究所 | A kind of management method of breeding seedling |
| CN109997646A (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2019-07-12 | 广东洪业农业发展有限公司 | A kind of breeding method of single chrysanthemum |
| CN115191259A (en) * | 2022-08-22 | 2022-10-18 | 华中农业大学 | Navel orange single-stem cylindrical high-light-efficiency tree form cultivation method |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105746290A (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2016-07-13 | 安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Inverted-umbrella-shaped cultivation technology for peach trees |
| CN105746290B (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2018-10-19 | 安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所 | A kind of peach falls " a " shape cultivation technique |
| CN107484616A (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2017-12-19 | 塔里木大学 | A kind of tree-like breeding method of apricot castatopsis fissa " rich " font |
| CN107466787A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2017-12-15 | 无为县雲桃家庭农场 | The pruning method of one planting fruit-trees |
| CN108094029A (en) * | 2018-01-12 | 2018-06-01 | 中国农业科学院果树研究所 | A kind of method of the tree-like cultivation peach of the double trunks of high level cadre's Y shape |
| CN109275475A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-01-29 | 辽宁省果树科学研究所 | A kind of management method of breeding seedling |
| CN109997646A (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2019-07-12 | 广东洪业农业发展有限公司 | A kind of breeding method of single chrysanthemum |
| CN115191259A (en) * | 2022-08-22 | 2022-10-18 | 华中农业大学 | Navel orange single-stem cylindrical high-light-efficiency tree form cultivation method |
| CN115191259B (en) * | 2022-08-22 | 2023-07-21 | 华中农业大学 | Navel orange single-dry cylinder high-light-efficiency tree form cultivation method |
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Application publication date: 20141105 |