CN105733016A - 一种炭基-聚合物复合气凝胶、其制备方法及其在烟气分析中的应用 - Google Patents
一种炭基-聚合物复合气凝胶、其制备方法及其在烟气分析中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种炭基?聚合物复合气凝胶,该炭基?聚合物复合气凝胶为三维多孔结构,且包括以下成份:氧化石墨烯、氧化碳纳米管和聚合物基础材料,所述聚合物基础材料为微晶纤维素、羧甲基纤维素或异山梨醇中的一种,或由吡咯、丙烯腈、丙烯酰胺、海藻酸钠、半乳糖醛酸、丙烯酸酯类中的一种均聚得到。本发明还公开了该炭基?聚合物复合气凝胶的制备方法。本发明还公开了所述炭基?聚合物复合气凝胶用于烟气分析中的用途。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种卷烟烟气富集材料,具体涉及炭基-聚合物复合气凝胶、其制备方法及其在烟气分析中的应用,属于烟用材料技术领域。
背景技术
材料的吸附性能与其比表面积、表面官能团、孔径分布和孔体积有重要的关系。目前,主流烟气的收集装置往往只能对某几类化合物或在规定的挥发度范围内有效,单一的捕集器不能收集全部卷烟烟气,捕集效率较低,通常需要连接不同的吸收装置来吸收卷烟烟气中的各种组分。
在烟气分析中,通常使用转盘式吸烟机抽吸卷烟,剑桥滤片是捕集卷烟主流烟气有害物质和致香成分的主要工具,但由于卷烟滤嘴也截留了部分烟气成分,对卷烟主流烟气全组分的分析往往存在一定的偏差。因此,有必要开发一种具有较小吸阻的吸附材料能够尽可能实现对主流烟气的全组分吸收。
上述目的通过本发明来予以解决。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种炭基-聚合物复合气凝胶、其制备方法及其在烟气分析中的应用。
本发明第一方面公开了一种炭基-聚合物复合气凝胶,所述炭基-聚合物复合气凝胶为三维多孔结构,且包括以下成份:氧化石墨烯、氧化碳纳米管和聚合物基础材料,所述聚合物基础材料为微晶纤维素、羧甲基纤维素或异山梨醇中的一种,或由吡咯、丙烯腈、丙烯酰胺、海藻酸钠、半乳糖醛酸、丙烯酸酯类中的一种均聚得到。
本发明第二方面公开了所述的炭基-聚合物复合气凝胶的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将1重量份的氧化石墨烯、0.1~0.3重量份的氧化碳纳米管分散到溶剂中超声分散处理10~30min,得到均匀的炭基材料悬浮液;
优选地,所述溶剂选自离子液体、水、乙醇、叔丁醇、乙酸溶液中的一种或几种的混合溶液;
(2)将1~3重量份的聚合物基础材料、0.02-0.05重量份的引发剂和0.002重量份的交联剂加入到步骤(1)所得到的悬浮液中,混合均匀得到浓度为3~10mg/ml的混合体系,在60~100℃下反应2~10h,得到炭基-聚合物复合水凝胶;
优选地,所述聚合物基础材料选自微晶纤维素、羧甲基纤维素或异山梨醇中的一种,或由吡咯、丙烯腈、丙烯酰胺、海藻酸钠、半乳糖醛酸、丙烯酸酯类中的一种均聚得到;
所述引发剂选自过硫酸铵、H2O2/FeCl2、或过硫酸钾/FeSO4的一种;
所述交联剂为天然生物材料京尼平;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的所述炭基-聚合物复合水凝胶用去离子水和/或乙醇洗涤后,在真空度为0.5~2.5KPa、温度为-40~60℃条件下干燥10~24h,即得到所述的炭基-聚合物复合气凝胶;
或将步骤(2)得到的所述炭基-聚合物复合水凝胶用去离子水和/或乙醇洗涤后,在超临界CO2体系中进行干燥,即得到所述的炭基-聚合物复合气凝胶。
本发明第三方面公开了所述的炭基-聚合物复合气凝胶用于烟气分析中的用途。
优选地,所述的炭基-聚合物复合气凝胶用于对烟气进行全组分吸附。
优选地,所述炭基-聚合物复合气凝胶用于提高酚类、烯类、酮类和烟碱的吸附量,以及提高吸附总量。
本发明的有益效果
1、本发明的炭基-聚合物复合气凝胶兼具聚合物柔韧性、同时又具备炭基材料的机械性能,有利于分析检测时的脱附前处理及重复使用;
2、本发明的炭基-聚合物复合气凝胶制备方法,简便易行、易于控制,可大规模工业化化生产;
3、本发明的炭基-聚合物复合气凝胶中氧化石墨烯及一维氧化碳纳米管具有π-π键共轭效应,提高了对目标成分的选择性萃取能力,可以对烟气中几乎所有成分快速吸附,吸附容量大、吸附迅速;尤其是可以吸附多种气体和有机相成分,对低浓度或微量的有毒有害吸附质吸附能力强,吸附作用为范德华力,不会发生化学反应,有效避免主流烟气中的气相和粒相物质的损失或分解,可以代替滤棒丝束在卷烟中添加,起到固相微萃取和剑桥滤片的作用,能够克服传统的卷烟烟气分析往往只能针对滤棒截留后释放的主流烟气进行分析的缺陷。此外,本发明的炭基-聚合物复合气凝胶还易于回收和重复利用。
4、本发明的炭基-聚合物复合气凝胶具有较低的密度,添加在过滤装置中几乎不会影响卷烟吸阻,结合优异的吸附容量和快的吸附速率,以及材料本身的重现性和稳定性好的优点,可以满足烟气富集材料的基本要求。
附图说明
图1为炭基-聚合物复合气凝胶材料应用于烟气捕集装置的示意图;
图2为炭基-聚合物复合气凝胶材料应用于卷烟滤棒中的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例进一步对本发明作进一步说明,但不应视为限定本发明的范围。
实施例1
将1份的氧化石墨烯、0.2份的氧化碳纳米管分散到乙酸溶液(18%)中超声分散处理20min,得到均匀炭基材料悬浮液;将1重量份的吡咯单体、0.05重量份的过硫酸铵及0.002重量份的京尼平,以聚合物基础材料/炭基材料=1:1(w/w)的比例添加到上述的悬浮液中,混合搅拌均匀,最终形成3mg/ml的混合体系;将混合体系置于水热反应釜中,在70℃条件下反应6h,得到3D结构的炭基-聚合物复合水凝胶材料;将复合水凝胶材料用去离子水和乙醇分别洗涤以除去多余的杂质,然后在真空度为1.5Kpa,温度为-60℃条件下冷冻干燥24h得到炭基-聚合物复合气凝胶。
将所得到的得到炭基-聚合物复合气凝胶材料加工成直径为44mm的片状形式,应用于吸烟机代替剑桥滤片作为烟气捕集载体。
以传统的剑桥滤片为对照,主流烟气中的7项有害成分的吸附量作为衡量依据,结果如下表所示:
CO/mg | HCN/μg | NNK/ng | 氨/μg | 苯并芘/ng | 苯酚/μg | 巴豆醛/μg | |
炭基-聚合物复合气凝胶 | 9.68 | 98 | 4.21 | 4.96 | 9.16 | 12.5 | 14.94 |
剑桥滤片 | 9.0 | 94 | 4.08 | 4.9 | 8.59 | 12.2 | 14.02 |
可见,炭基-聚合物复合气凝胶材料能吸附更多的各种有害成分。
实施例2
将1份的氧化石墨烯、0.3份的氧化碳纳米管分散到乙醇溶液(40%)中超声分散处理1h,得到均匀炭基材料悬浮液;然后将1重量份的丙烯酸甲酯、0.02重量份的过硫酸铵及0.002重量份的京尼平,以聚合物基础材料/炭基材料=2:1(w/w)的比例添加到上述的炭基材料悬浮液,最终形成4mg/ml的混合体系;将上述的混合体系置于水热反应釜中,在80℃条件下反应10h,得到3D结构的炭基-聚合物复合水凝胶材料,用去离子水和乙醇分别洗涤以除去多余的杂质,然后在真空度为2.0KPa,温度为-50℃条件下冷冻干燥16h得到炭基-聚合物复合气凝胶。
将所得到的得到炭基-聚合物复合气凝胶材料加工成直径为44mm的片状形式,应用于转盘式吸烟机代替剑桥滤片作为烟气捕集载体。
以传统的剑桥滤片为对照,主流烟气中的7项有害成分的吸附量作为衡量依据,结果如下表所示:
CO/mg | HCN/μg | NNK/ng | 氨/μg | 苯并芘/ng | 苯酚/μg | 巴豆醛/μg | |
炭基-聚合物复合气凝胶 | 9.78 | 101 | 4.15 | 5.12 | 9.01 | 12.9 | 15.01 |
剑桥滤片 | 9.0 | 94 | 4.08 | 4.9 | 8.59 | 12.2 | 14.02 |
可见,炭基-聚合物复合气凝胶材料能吸附更多的各种有害成分。
实施例3
将1份的氧化石墨烯、3份的氧化碳纳米管分散到水中超声分散处理1h,得到均匀炭基材料悬浮液;将1重量份的羧甲基纤维素、0.05重量份的过硫酸铵及0.002重量份的京尼平,以聚合物基础材料/炭基材料=2:1(w/w)的比例添加到上述的炭基材料悬浮液,混合搅拌均匀,最终形成4mg/ml的混合体系;将上述的混合体系置于水热反应釜中,在70℃条件下反应10h,得到3D结构的炭基-聚合物复合水凝胶材料,用去离子水和乙醇分别洗涤以除去多余的杂质,然后在真空度为2.0KPa,温度为-50℃条件下冷冻干燥16h得到炭基-聚合物复合气凝胶。
将所得到的得到炭基-聚合物复合气凝胶材料加工成直径为44mm的片状形式,应用于转盘式吸烟机代替剑桥滤片作为烟气捕集载体。
以传统剑桥滤片为对照,主流烟气中的7项有害成分的吸附量作为衡量依据,结果如下表所示:
CO/mg | HCN/μg | NNK/ng | 氨/μg | 苯并芘/ng | 苯酚/μg | 巴豆醛/μg | |
炭基-聚合物复合气凝胶 | 9.32 | 94.35 | 4.15 | 5.32 | 8.74 | 12.77 | 14.8 |
剑桥滤片 | 9.0 | 94 | 4.08 | 4.9 | 8.59 | 12.2 | 14.02 |
可见,炭基-聚合物复合气凝胶材料能吸附更多的各种有害成分。
实施例4
将1份的氧化石墨烯、0.1份的氧化碳纳米管分散到水中超声分散处理1h,得到均匀炭基材料悬浮液;将1重量份的海藻酸钠,0.03重量份的FeCl2/H2O2及0.002重量份的京尼平,以聚合物基础材料/炭基材料=2:1(w/w)的比例添加到上述的基材料悬浮液中,混合搅拌均匀,最终形成3mg/ml的混合体系分散液;将上述的混合体系置于水热反应釜中,在90℃条件下反应10h,得到3D结构的炭基-聚合物复合水凝胶材料,用去离子水和乙醇分别洗涤以除去多余的杂质,然后在真空度为2.0KPa,温度为-40℃条件下冷冻干燥10h得到炭基-聚合物复合气凝胶。
将所得到的得到炭基-聚合物复合气凝胶材料加工直径为24.10mm,长度为30mm的柱状体形式应用于卷烟。
以剑桥滤片为对照,主流烟气中的7项有害成分和致香成分为衡量依据,结果如下表所示:
CO/mg | HCN/μg | NNK/ng | 氨/μg | 苯并芘/ng | 苯酚/μg | 巴豆醛/μg | |
炭基-聚合物复合气凝胶 | 12.6 | 121 | 5.72 | 6.6 | 12.6 | 17.8 | 17.8 |
剑桥滤片 | 9.0 | 94 | 4.08 | 4.9 | 8.59 | 12.2 | 14.02 |
ug/g | 醇类 | 腈类 | 醛类 | 酸类 | 杂环 | 酯类 | 酚类 | 烯类 | 酮类 | 烟碱 | 总量 |
炭基-聚合物复合气凝胶 | 0.33 | 0.566 | 2.54 | 3.71 | 6.907 | 5.273 | 26.84 | 20.93 | 18.3 | 53.61 | 139.006 |
剑桥滤片 | 0.26 | 0.447 | 1.796 | 2.223 | 5.604 | 4.217 | 14.99 | 13.07 | 15.72 | 40.97 | 58.334 |
可见,炭基-聚合物复合气凝胶材料能吸附更多的有害成分。尤其是对于酚类、烯类、酮类和烟碱,其吸附能力远远高于常规剑桥滤片,且吸附总量也远远高于剑桥滤片,更好地实现了主流烟气的全组分吸附。
Claims (5)
1.一种炭基-聚合物复合气凝胶,其特征在于,所述炭基-聚合物复合气凝胶为三维多孔结构,且包括以下成份:氧化石墨烯、氧化碳纳米管和聚合物基础材料,所述聚合物基础材料为微晶纤维素、羧甲基纤维素或异山梨醇中的一种,或由吡咯、丙烯腈、丙烯酰胺、海藻酸钠、半乳糖醛酸、丙烯酸酯类中的一种均聚得到。
2.根据权利要求1所述的炭基-聚合物复合气凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
(1)将1重量份的氧化石墨烯、0.1~0.3重量份的氧化碳纳米管分散到溶剂中超声分散处理10~30min,得到均匀的炭基材料悬浮液;
所述溶剂选自离子液体、水、乙醇、叔丁醇、乙酸溶液中的一种或几种的混合溶液;
(2)将1~3重量份的聚合物基础材料、0.02-0.05重量份的引发剂和0.002重量份的交联剂加入到步骤(1)所得到的悬浮液中,混合均匀得到浓度为3~10mg/ml的混合体系,在60~100℃下反应2~10h,得到炭基-聚合物复合水凝胶;
所述聚合物基础材料选自微晶纤维素、羧甲基纤维素或异山梨醇中的一种,或由吡咯、丙烯腈、丙烯酰胺、海藻酸钠、半乳糖醛酸、丙烯酸酯类中的一种均聚得到;
所述引发剂选自过硫酸铵、H2O2/FeCl2、或过硫酸钾/FeSO4的一种;
所述交联剂为天然生物材料京尼平;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的所述炭基-聚合物复合水凝胶用去离子水和/或乙醇洗涤后,在真空度为0.5~2.5KPa、温度为-40~60℃条件下干燥10~24h,即得到所述的炭基-聚合物复合气凝胶;
或将步骤(2)得到的所述炭基-聚合物复合水凝胶用去离子水和/或乙醇洗涤后,在超临界CO2体系中进行干燥,即得到所述的炭基-聚合物复合气凝胶。
3.根据权利要求1所述的炭基-聚合物复合气凝胶用于烟气分析中的用途。
4.根据权利要求3所述的用途,其中所述炭基-聚合物复合气凝胶用于对烟气进行全组分吸附。
5.根据权利要求3所述的用途,其中所述炭基-聚合物复合气凝胶用于提高酚类、烯类、酮类和烟碱的吸附量,以及提高吸附总量。
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