CN105732250B - 一种高纯度灰树花多酚组分的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高纯度灰树花多酚组分的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN105732250B
CN105732250B CN201610082919.9A CN201610082919A CN105732250B CN 105732250 B CN105732250 B CN 105732250B CN 201610082919 A CN201610082919 A CN 201610082919A CN 105732250 B CN105732250 B CN 105732250B
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grifola frondosus
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吕旭聪
刘斌
贾瑞博
李燕
周文斌
陈竟豪
林占熺
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FUJIAN JUNZHITANG BIOTECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd.
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种高纯度灰树花多酚组分的制备方法,属于功能食品的功能因子和药物领域。通过超声波辅助浸提技术制备灰树花多酚粗组分,利然后用超滤膜截留技术去除其中的多糖和蛋白等生物大分子,最后采用大孔吸附树脂NKA‑Ⅱ柱层析‑制备型高效液相色谱的串联分离纯化技术,制备多种高纯度的灰树花多酚类化合物单体。本发明制备方法快速高效,可同时制备17种灰树花多酚类化合物单体,产品的纯度高。所制备的灰树花多酚类化合物单体均具有较强的DPPH自由基和羟自由基清除率及较强的还原力,大多数多酚类化合物单体能够抑制α‑葡萄糖苷酶活性,具有有效地保护人体细胞组织、心脑血管循环***及抗癌、延缓衰老和辅助降血糖等生理作用。

Description

一种高纯度灰树花多酚组分的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高纯度灰树花多酚组分的制备方法,属于功能食品的功能因子和药物领域。
背景技术
灰树花(Grifola frondosa)属担子菌亚门层菌纲非褶菌目多孔菌科树花菌属真菌,主要生长在亚热带至温带,在我国主要分布于福建、河北、吉林、广西和四川等地。作为一种珍贵的食、药兼用蕈菌,灰树花的多种营养素和生理功效成分居各种食用菌之首,素有“食用菌王子”和“华北人参”之美誉。相关研究表明,灰树花具有增强免疫力、抑制肿瘤、抗病毒、抗氧化防衰老、稳定血压、降血糖血脂、改善脂肪代谢及缓解肝炎症状、增强记忆力等多种医疗保健功效。大量研究工作表明,多酚类物质具有抗氧化、抑菌、抗诱变、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、降血糖降血脂等多种功能活性。国内外对于灰树花多酚的研究报道较少。陈向东等人采用弱极性的大孔吸附树脂从灰树花菌丝体粗提物中分离制备多酚类组分,获得的组分是褐色粉末状产物,经验证具有抗氧化、抗菌及α-淀粉酶抑制等活性,但其制得的灰树花多酚是混合物,对灰树花多酚类物质的组分未做进一步纯化和鉴定,灰树花多酚组分有待进一步分离提纯(陈向东,刘晓雯,吴梧桐. 灰树花多酚的提取和活性研究. 食品与生物技术学报, 2005, 24 (4): 26-30.)。
本发明提出以灰树花子实体为原料,通过超声波辅助浸提技术制备灰树花多酚组分,利然后用超滤膜截留技术去除其中的多糖和蛋白等生物大分子,最后采用大孔吸附树脂NKA-Ⅱ柱层析-制备型高效液相色谱的串联分离纯化技术,制备多种高纯度的灰树花多酚类化合物单体。相比以往从灰树花菌丝体中提取多酚类物质,该发明采用以灰树花子实体为原料,原料来源更容易获得且多酚含量相比菌丝体来得高,多酚的提取得率也更高;与现有的研究报道相比,采用超滤膜过滤所制得的灰树花多酚组分去除了灰树花提取物中的多糖、蛋白等大分子物质,经柱层析-制备型液相色谱串联纯化技术纯化粗多酚组分,所制得的多酚组分纯度更高(纯度均大于95%),纯化后的多酚体外抗氧化活性也显著性提高,其中还原力均比等质量浓度(1 mg/mL)的抗坏血酸强。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种快速高效、纯度高、制备量较大的灰树花多酚类化合物单体的制备工艺。
一种高纯度灰树花多酚组分的制备方法,其制备步骤如下:
(1)预处理:将灰树花子实体干制品粉碎成粉末,过40~80目筛备用;
(2)浸提:取一定量的灰树花粉末,利用超声波辅助提取技术浸提2-4次,合并提取液,经板框过滤去除残渣;
(3)膜过滤:通过膜过滤装置进行过滤,截留蛋白及多糖,获得的滤液经浓缩、干燥后获得灰树花多酚粗提物;
(4)分离纯化:将灰树花多酚粗提物复溶于去离子水中,采用柱层析-制备型高效液相色谱串联分离纯化技术进行分离纯化。
本发明所述的超声辅助浸提的条件为:以水为提取溶剂,料液重量比为1:10-1:50,超声温度30-70℃,超声时间30-90 min,超声功率100-400w。
本发明所述的过滤膜为截留分子量为5 kD的超滤膜,滤液所采用的干燥方法为真空冷冻干燥或离心喷雾干燥。
本发明所述的柱层析的填料为NKA-Ⅱ型大孔吸附树脂,上样速度3 BV/h,吸附时间2 h,洗脱溶剂为20%-60%乙醇溶液,洗脱速度3 BV/h;经吸附、洗脱收集洗脱液,减压浓缩至干得粗品,以50%甲醇复溶后经0.45 μm滤膜过滤。
本发明所述的液相色谱条件为:制备型反相C18色谱柱,色谱柱规格:内径20 mm、长度250 mm、C18硅胶填料粒径5 μm,检测波长280nm,进样量1 mL,流速5-10 mL/min,柱温30℃,采用 A: 甲醇-B: 0.1%甲酸进行线性梯度洗脱,洗脱程序为
(1)0~30 min:A: 5%+B: 95%→A: 60%+B: 40%;
(2)30~35 min:A: 60%+B: 40%→A: 5%+B: 95%;
(3)35~45 min:A: 5%+B: 95%。
本发明所述的高纯度灰树花多酚组分是经过制备型高效液相色谱纯化,根据紫外检测器谱图分别收集灰树花多酚组分进行结晶操作获得的,17种高纯度多酚组分经质谱鉴定为:鞣花酸(ellagic acid)、槲皮素(quercetin)、 4-羟基苯甲酸(4-hydroxybenzoicacid)、没食子酸-3-O-(6`-O-没食子酰)葡萄糖苷(gallic acid-4-O-(6`-O-galloyl)glucoside)、咖啡酰酒石酸(caffeoyl tartaric acid)、咖啡酸(caffeic acid)、表儿茶素没食子酸酯((-)-epicatechin 3-O-gallate)、5,6,7,3',4'-五甲氧基黄酮(sinenstein)、对香豆酰奎尼酸(p-coumaroyl-quinic acid)、间双没食子酸(m-digallic acid)、去氢二阿魏酸(dehydrodiferulic acid)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside)、3,4,5-三甲氧基苯甲酸(methyl gallate)、5-十九烷基间苯二酚(5-nonadecylresorcin)、阿魏酸(ferulic acid)、对香豆酰基苹果酸(p-coumaroyl malicacid)以及对香豆酰基酒石酸(p-coumaroyl tartaric acid),纯度均大于95%。
以DPPH自由基清除能力、羟自由基清除能力和还原力为依据,证明了纯化的灰树花多酚组分具有较强的体外抗氧化活性,可以制备具有抗氧化活性的食品、食品配料或保健品。
经体外实验证明纯化的灰树花多酚组分对α- 葡萄糖苷酶的活性具有较强的抑制作用,其中槲皮素、没食子酸-3-O-(6`-O-没食子酰)葡萄糖苷和对槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷的IC50分别为3.94 μg/mL、3.24 μg/mL和7.23 μg/mL,对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制效果远远优于阿卡波糖(IC50=1.04 mg/mL)。
本发明的优点在于:本发明采用大孔吸附树脂柱层析和制备型高效液相色谱相结合的技术,构建一种高纯度灰树花多酚类化合物单体快速高效的制备方法,具有分离效果好,时间短,制备纯度高等优势。
具体实施方式
实施例一
灰树花细粉的制备:取灰树花子实体于50℃烘干,粉碎机粉碎过80目筛备用。
多酚提取:取一定量的灰树花细粉,在以水为提取溶剂,料液比为1:30,超声温度70℃,超声时间60min,超声功率300w的条件下,利用超声波辅助提取技术提取2次,合并提取液,经过滤、浓缩、干燥制备灰树花多酚类粗提物。
膜过滤:将制备灰树花多酚类粗提取物复溶,通过截留分子量为5 kD的超滤膜装置进行过滤,截留蛋白及多糖。滤液所采用的干燥方法为真空冷冻干燥,按常规干燥条件进行干燥。
大孔吸附树脂柱层析: 取预处理好的NKA-Ⅱ大孔吸附树脂湿法装柱,平衡后上样,大孔树脂上样质量浓度5 mg/mL,上样速度3 BV/h,吸附时间2 h,用蒸馏水以2 mL/min流速冲洗至中性,然后用40%的乙醇溶液(pH 6.0)以洗脱速度3 BV/h洗脱,收集洗脱液、减压浓缩、冻干,制备灰树花多酚类化合物粗组分,以50%甲醇复溶后经0.45 μm滤膜过滤。
高纯度多酚类化合物单体制备:NKA-Ⅱ型大孔吸附树脂柱层析分离物进一步经过制备型高效液相色谱纯化,根据紫外检测器谱图分别收集灰树花多酚组分,经浓缩干燥,制备高纯度灰树花多酚类化合物单体。制备型液相色谱条件确定为:制备型反相C18色谱柱,色谱柱规格:内径20 mm、长度250 mm、C18硅胶填料粒径5 μm,检测波长280nm,进样量1 mL,流速5-10 mL/min,柱温30℃,采用 A: 甲醇-B: 0.1%甲酸进行线性梯度洗脱,洗脱程序为:
(1)0~30 min:A: 5%+B: 95%→A: 60%+B: 40%;
(2)30~35 min:A: 60%+B: 40%→A: 5%+B: 95%;
(3)35~45 min:A: 5%+B: 95%。
高纯度灰树花多酚类化合物单体的高效液相色谱-质谱联用分析:液相色谱条件:制备型反相C18色谱柱色谱柱规格:内径4.6 mm、长度250 mm、C18硅胶填料粒径5 μm,检测波长280nm,进样量20 μL,流速0.8 mL/min,柱温30℃,采用 A: 甲醇-B: 0.1%甲酸进行线性梯度洗脱,洗脱程序为:
(1)0~30 min:A: 5%+B: 95%→A: 60%+B: 40%;
(2)30~35 min:A: 60%+B: 40%→A: 5%+B: 95%;
(3)35~45 min:A: 5%+B: 95%。
质谱条件为:喷雾(IS) 电压为3.0 kV,孔电压20V,ESI 离子源的温度130℃,解离温度350℃,结合光谱在负离子模式进行质谱分析,质谱分析范围50 到600m/z。
通过对应的质谱图,主要依据色谱峰的保留时间和质谱信息包括分子量信息等,通过欧洲Phenol-Explorer多酚数据库网站http://phenol-explorer.eu/及文献信息进行酚类化合物的鉴定,结果表明大孔吸附树脂吸附-40%乙醇洗脱液中的多酚组分包括:鞣花酸(ellagic acid)、槲皮素(quercetin)、 4-羟基苯甲酸(4-hydroxybenzoic acid)、没食子酸-3-O-(6`-O-没食子酰)葡萄糖苷(gallic acid-4-O-(6`-O-galloyl)glucoside)、咖啡酰酒石酸(caffeoyl tartaric acid)、咖啡酸(caffeic acid)、表儿茶素没食子酸酯((-)-epicatechin 3-O-gallate)、5,6,7,3',4'-五甲氧基黄酮(sinenstein)、对香豆酰奎尼酸(p-coumaroyl-quinic acid)、间双没食子酸(m-digallic acid)、去氢二阿魏酸(dehydrodiferulic acid)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside)、3,4,5-三甲氧基苯甲酸(methyl gallate)、5-十九烷基间苯二酚(5-nonadecylresorcin)、阿魏酸(ferulic acid)、对香豆酰基苹果酸(p-coumaroyl malicacid)以及对香豆酰基酒石酸(p-coumaroyl tartaric acid)。
表1 大孔吸附树脂吸附-40%乙醇洗脱液中多酚组分的质谱鉴定结果
试验例1 灰树花多酚的体外抗氧化试验
以DPPH自由基清除能力、羟自由基清除能力和还原力为依据,证明了纯化的灰树花多酚组分具有较强的体外抗氧化活性,可以制备具有抗氧化活性的食品、食品配料或保健品。
(1)清除DPPH 自由基能力的测定(DPPH 法)
取2.0mL不同浓度待测样品溶液,加入0.2 mmol/L DPPH·乙醇溶液2.0 mL,混合均匀后避光放置30 min,在波长517 nm处测定其吸光值。以2.0 mL 95 %乙醇代替样品为空白对照;以2.0 mL 样品与2.0 mL 95 %乙醇混合液为样品对照,以消除样品本身颜色的影响。DPPH清除率的计算公式为:
经测定17种灰树花多酚化合物的IC50均小于0.20 mg/mL。此结果可以看出灰树花多酚对DPPH 自由基有一定的清除作用。
(2)羟基自由基能力的测定
取不同浓度待测样品溶液1 mL,加入9 mmol/L FeSO4 1 mL、9 mmol/L 水杨酸-乙醇溶液1 mL,最后加8.8 mmol/L H2O2 1 mL启动反应,在37 ℃水浴下反应30 min,在510 nm下测定各浓度溶液的吸光值。由于H2O2与Fe2+混合会产生OH,而水杨酸会捕捉OH并产生有色物质,由于样品本身存在吸光值,则以9 mmol/L FeSO4 1 mL、9 mmol/L 水杨酸-乙醇溶液1mL各自加入不同浓度的样品溶液1 mL以及蒸馏水1 mL作为样品的对照吸收值(即蒸馏水代替8.8 mmol/L H2O2)。按下式计算•OH清除率:
经测定17种灰树花多酚化合物的IC50小于0.12 mg/mL,多酚对H2O2/Fe2+ 体系通过Fenton 反应所产生的OH·具有清除作用。
(3)还原力的测定
在试管中分别加入0.2 mol/L pH 6.6的磷酸缓冲液2.5mL和不同浓度的待测样品溶液1mL,加入2.5 mL 1%铁***溶液,混合均匀后于50 ℃水浴中反应20 min。取出后迅速冷却并加入2. 5mL 10 %三氯乙酸终止反应,3500 r/min离心10 min。取上清液2.5 mL,加入2.5 mL蒸馏水和0.5 mL 0.1 %三氯化铁溶液,混匀后静置10 min,在700 nm处测定各溶液的吸光值。吸光值越大说明还原能力越强。还原力的计算公式为:还原力= A样品-A空白。
经测定17种灰树花多酚化合物的还原力均比等质量浓度(1 mg/mL)的抗坏血酸强。
试验例2 灰树花多酚的体外α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制试验
α-葡萄糖苷酶活性测定:在1 mL 用50 mM 磷酸缓冲液(pH 7.4) 配制的10 mMpNPG 底物体系中,加入5 μL α-葡萄糖苷酶溶液,迅速混匀,通过岛津公司UV-2600 紫外可见分光光度计检测400nm 处每分钟吸光值变化来指示反应速度ν值,从而表征酶活力的大小。测定温度为37℃。
将制备的高纯度灰树花多酚组分分别溶于水中配制成浓度为50 mg/mL溶液,用50mM pH 6.5 的PBS 缓冲液分别稀释成浓度为0.001 mg/mL、0.005 mg/mL、0.01 mg/mL、0.05mg/mL、0.1 mg/mL、0.2 mg/mL、0.4 mg/mL、0.6 mg/mL、0.8 mg/mL、1.0 mg/mL、2.0 mg/mL、4.0 mg/mL、6.0 mg/mL、8.0 mg/mL和10.0 mg/mL。取各浓度的溶液10 μL与等体积的α-葡萄糖苷酶液混合,制成酶活体系,30℃保温2h 后测定酶活力。酶活力测定方法同上。测定时α-葡萄糖苷酶的终浓度为0.2 U/mL,底物pNPG浓度为10 mM。根据测定结果计算各酶活体系的相对酶活力。相对酶活力=各酶活体系的酶活力/α-葡萄糖苷酶的酶活力×100%。
经体外实验证明纯化的灰树花多酚组分对α- 葡萄糖苷酶的活性具有较强的抑制作用,其中槲皮素、没食子酸-3-O-(6`-O-没食子酰)葡萄糖苷和对槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷的IC50分别为3.94 μg/mL、3.24 μg/mL和7.23 μg/mL,对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制效果远远优于阿卡波糖(IC50=1.04 mg/mL)。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,凡依本发明申请专利范围所做的均等变化与修饰,皆应属本发明的涵盖范围。

Claims (2)

1.一种高纯度灰树花多酚组分的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)预处理:将灰树花子实体干制品粉碎成粉末,过40~80目筛备用;
(2)浸提:取灰树花粉末加入蒸馏水中,利用超声波辅助提取技术浸提2-4次,合并提取液,经板框过滤去除残渣;
(3)膜过滤:通过膜过滤装置进行过滤,截留蛋白及多糖,获得的滤液经浓缩、干燥后获得灰树花多酚粗提物;
(4)分离纯化:将灰树花多酚粗提物复溶于去离子水中,采用柱层析-制备型高效液相色谱串联分离纯化技术进行分离纯化;
所述的超声辅助浸提的条件为:以水为提取溶剂,料液重量比为1:10-1:50,超声温度30-70℃,超声时间30-90 min,超声功率100-400w;
所述的过滤膜为截留分子量为5 kD的超滤膜,滤液所采用的干燥方法为真空冷冻干燥或离心喷雾干燥;
所述的柱层析的填料为:NKA-Ⅱ型大孔吸附树脂,上样速度3 BV/h,吸附时间2 h,洗脱溶剂为20%-60%乙醇溶液,洗脱速度3 BV/h;经吸附、洗脱收集洗脱液,减压浓缩至干得粗品,以50%甲醇复溶后经0.45 μm滤膜过滤;
制备型反相C18色谱柱,色谱柱规格:内径20 mm、长度250 mm、C18硅胶填料粒径5 μm,检测波长280nm,进样量1 mL,流速5-10 mL/min,柱温30℃,采用 A:甲醇-B: 0.1%甲酸进行线性梯度洗脱,洗脱程序为:
(1)0~30 min:A: 5%+B: 95%→A: 60%+B: 40%;
(2)30~35 min:A: 60%+B: 40%→A: 5%+B: 95%;
(3)35~45 min:A: 5%+B: 95%。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种高纯度灰树花多酚组分的制备方法,其特征在于:NKA-Ⅱ型大孔吸附树脂柱层析分离物进一步经过制备型高效液相色谱纯化,根据紫外检测器谱图分别收集灰树花多酚组分进行结晶操作,得到17种高纯度多酚组分:鞣花酸、槲皮素、 4-羟基苯甲酸、没食子酸-3-O-(6`-O-没食子酰)葡萄糖苷、咖啡酰酒石酸、咖啡酸、表儿茶素没食子酸酯、5,6,7,3',4'-五甲氧基黄酮、对香豆酰奎尼酸、间双没食子酸、去氢二阿魏酸、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷、3,4,5-三甲氧基苯甲酸、5-十九烷基间苯二酚、阿魏酸、对香豆酰基苹果酸以及对香豆酰基酒石酸,纯度均大于95%。
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