CN105712217A - 自推进工作机器 - Google Patents

自推进工作机器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105712217A
CN105712217A CN201510971525.4A CN201510971525A CN105712217A CN 105712217 A CN105712217 A CN 105712217A CN 201510971525 A CN201510971525 A CN 201510971525A CN 105712217 A CN105712217 A CN 105712217A
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self
work machine
superstructure
propelled work
chassis
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艾瑞克·森尼波根
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SENNEBOGEN MASCHINENFABRIK GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/18—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes
    • B66C23/36—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes mounted on road or rail vehicles; Manually-movable jib-cranes for use in workshops; Floating cranes
    • B66C23/40—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes mounted on road or rail vehicles; Manually-movable jib-cranes for use in workshops; Floating cranes with a single prime mover for both crane and vehicle
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/08—Superstructures; Supports for superstructures
    • E02F9/10—Supports for movable superstructures mounted on travelling or walking gears or on other superstructures
    • E02F9/12—Slewing or traversing gears
    • E02F9/121—Turntables, i.e. structure rotatable about 360°
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/18—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes
    • B66C23/36—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes mounted on road or rail vehicles; Manually-movable jib-cranes for use in workshops; Floating cranes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K5/00—Arrangement or mounting of internal-combustion or jet-propulsion units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/62—Constructional features or details
    • B66C23/84—Slewing gear
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
    • B66F9/00—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes
    • B66F9/06—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes movable, with their loads, on wheels or the like, e.g. fork-lift trucks
    • B66F9/075—Constructional features or details
    • B66F9/07572—Propulsion arrangements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/202—Mechanical transmission, e.g. clutches, gears
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/2058—Electric or electro-mechanical or mechanical control devices of vehicle sub-units
    • E02F9/2062—Control of propulsion units
    • E02F9/2075—Control of propulsion units of the hybrid type
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/2058—Electric or electro-mechanical or mechanical control devices of vehicle sub-units
    • E02F9/2079—Control of mechanical transmission
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/40—Special vehicles
    • B60Y2200/41—Construction vehicles, e.g. graders, excavators
    • B60Y2200/412—Excavators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/40—Special vehicles
    • B60Y2200/41—Construction vehicles, e.g. graders, excavators
    • B60Y2200/416—Cranes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/904—Component specially adapted for hev
    • Y10S903/906—Motor or generator
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/904—Component specially adapted for hev
    • Y10S903/908—Fuel cell

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Jib Cranes (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Operation Control Of Excavators (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种自推进工作机器，包括底盘(12)和上部结构(18)，底盘(12)设有通过驱动装置驱动的驱动轮(14)，上部结构(18)可旋转地安装在底盘(12)上，在上部结构(18)中布置驱动单元(30)，在上部结构(18)上安装用于工作工具的吊臂(22)，其特征在于，驱动单元(30)驱动发电机(34)，发电机(34)为布置在上部结构(18)中的电动马达(38)的电源，所述电动马达(38)为用于布置在底盘(12)上的驱动轮(14)的驱动装置。

Description

自推进工作机器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种自推进工作机器，具体为起重机、挖掘机、材料搬运机，伸缩臂叉车或其类似物。
背景技术
从实践中已知移动式或自推进工作机器，例如具有可驱动的或移动的底盘的移动式起重机，在底盘上可旋转地安装上部结构。在上部结构中，布置柴油发动机，例如柴油发动机能够被用于驱动起重机吊臂的液压单元并用于驱动布置在底盘中的液压马达，并且通过柴油发动机驱动安装在底盘上的驱动轮，使工作机器可移动。为了将液压能输送到底盘，需要液压旋转接头。液压旋转接头技术复杂、昂贵并伴有相当大的效率损失。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的为提供一种上述种类的自推进工作机器，该自推进工作机器具有底盘的高效驱动。
所述目的由具有权利要求1的特征的自推进工作机器实现。
因此，提出一种自推进工作机器，包括底盘和上部结构，底盘设有通过驱动装置驱动的驱动轮，上部结构可旋转地安装在底盘上，在上部结构内布置驱动单元，在上部结构上安装用于工作工具的吊臂。驱动单元驱动发电机，发电机为用于布置在上部结构上的电动马达的电源，所述电动马达为用于安装在底盘上的轮中的至少一个的驱动装置。
在根据本发明的工作机器中，用于底盘的驱动器由此布置在上部结构中，通过相应轴将驱动力矩传输至底盘。这意味着驱动运动在上部结构中引发。在上部结构中，构成驱动器的电动马达直接与其电源相连，电源由布置在上部结构中的驱动单元驱动。与上述已知的移动式工作机器相反，从可旋转的上部结构到底盘的通过旋转接头的能量传输由此能够避免。因此，能够实现相对于用于底盘的驱动器而言高出许多的效率。这也由于电源和构成用于底盘的驱动装置的电动马达之间的小距离。此外，由于用于工作机器的致动的全部命令和控制设备都能够布置在上部结构中，所以根据本发明的工作机器以高紧凑型为特征。由于将用于底盘的驱动装置布置在上部结构中导致的相当大的效率增长也使得可能通过比现有技术阶段更小的动力使用驱动单元。这进而伴有更低的投资费用以及更低的操作成本，因为与现有技术阶段相比能量消耗被大幅减少。
在移动式或自推进工作机器中，驱动模式需要最高的单个动力输出，所述单个动力输出由待提供的总驱动动力覆盖。因此，特别有利的是以用于驱动模式或驱动功能的高效率比选择具有高效动力传输的高效驱动。
在根据本发明的自推进或移动式工作机器的优选实施例中，设有中心轴，中心轴由电动马达驱动，中心轴的轴线与上部结构的旋转轴线一致。这意味着中心轴为这样的轴，通过该轴将电动马达产生的驱动力矩传输到底盘并传输到安装在底盘上的驱动轮。位于上部结构的旋转轴线上的中心轴为简单的并可节约成本地制造的部件，通过该中心轴能够高效地传输在电动马达中产生的力矩。中心轴相对于底盘的主平面成直角定向。
为了能够将已经通过中心轴被传输到底盘的力矩传输到驱动轮，在根据本发明的自推进工作机器的有利实施例中，中心轴与齿轮传动装置相连，齿轮传动装置布置在底盘中，通过齿轮传动装置驱动驱动轮。
根据本发明的自推进工作机器的驱动单元能够以多种方式被构造。优选地，驱动单元为内燃机，具体为柴油发动机。
在根据本发明的工作机器的一个供选择的实施例中，驱动单元还包括燃料电池。该实施例的操作对环境特别友好。
取决于根据本发明的工作机器的设计，驱动单元具有例如50kW至300kW之间的最大输出。
有利地，由电动马达驱动的中心轴穿透旋转轴承环，上部结构通过旋转轴承环可旋转地安装在底盘上，旋转轴承环允许上部结构在底盘上的连续旋转。
为了优化驱动动力并调整工作机器的驱动特性以适应各个情况，在电动马达和中心轴之间布置齿轮传动装置，齿轮传动装置具体实现为允许上部结构在底盘上的连续旋转的变速器齿轮传动装置或手动变速器。
为了能够以特别高效率操作根据本发明的工作机器，中心轴可以为用于回收电能的再生***的一部分，用于回收的电能的存储装置优选地布置在上部结构中。具体地，存储装置为蓄能器或电容器并有利地连接到电动马达。
根据本发明的自推进工作机器能够为包括底盘和上部结构的任何种类的工作机器，其中底盘包括驱动轮，在上部结构上安装吊臂或其类似物。例如，自推进工作机器为起重机，挖掘机、材料搬运机，伸缩臂叉车或其类似物。
本发明的主题的其他优点和有利实施例能够从说明书、附图和专利权利要求中得到。
附图说明
在附图中以示意地简化的方式说明根据本发明的自推进工作机器的优选实施例，并在下面的段落中对其详细解释。
图1以高度示意的方式示出了根据本发明的自推进工作机器的结构。
具体实施方式
附图示出构成自推进工作机器的移动式起重机10。移动式起重机10具有两轴线底盘12，两轴线底盘12设有驱动轮14，驱动轮14为底盘12的框架的一部分。
在底盘12上通过标准设计的旋转轴承环16安装上部结构18。由旋转轴承环16形成的旋转轴线在图中被标识为“A”。旋转轴承环16允许上部结构18在底盘12上的连续旋转。
上部结构18具有驾驶员室20，移动式起重机10的全部操纵元件都基本上都布置在驾驶员室内，以使所述操纵元件能够被移动式起重机10的驾驶员舒适地够到。进一步地，起重机吊臂22可枢转地安装在上部结构18上，起重机吊臂22能够以伸缩的方式实现，并且一方面设有调整汽缸24，另一方面设有用于起重机吊钩28的绳索提升器26。
在上部结构18中，设置驱动单元30，驱动单元30实现为柴油发动机并驱动液压泵32以致动调整汽缸24。此外，驱动单元30驱动通过电力线路36与电动马达38相连的发电机34。电动马达38通过手动变速器40驱动中心轴42，电动马达38与能够从驾驶员室20控制的控制装置相连，中心轴42的轴线与上部结构18的旋转轴线A一致。中心轴42穿透位于底盘12和上部结构18之间的回转轴承16并通向到分配齿轮传动装置44，分配齿轮传动装置44布置在底盘12中并通过轴46与底盘12的驱动轮14相连。
在上述移动式起重机中，电动马达布置在上部结构中并由发电机34供能，由此通过穿透旋转轴承环16的机械中心轴42驱动底盘12的驱动轮14。移动式起重机10的驱动运动由此由以布置在上部结构18中的电动马达38的形式的驱动装置的致动引发。
附图标记列表
10移动式起重机
12底盘
14驱动轮
16旋转轴承环
18上部结构
20驾驶员室
22起重机吊臂
24调整汽缸
26绳索提升器
28起重机吊钩
30驱动单元
32液压泵
34发电机
36电力线路
38电动马达
40变速器
42中心轴
44分配齿轮传动装置
46轴
A旋转轴线

Claims (9)

1.一种自推进工作机器，包括底盘(12)和上部结构(18)，所述底盘(12)设有由驱动装置驱动的驱动轮(14)，所述上部结构(18)可旋转地安装在所述底盘(12)上，在所述上部结构(18)中布置有驱动单元(30)，在所述上部结构(18)上安装有用于工作工具的吊臂(22)，其特征在于，所述驱动单元(30)驱动发电机(34)，所述发电机(34)是用于布置在所述上部结构(18)中的电动马达(38)的电源，所述电动马达(38)是用于布置在所述底盘(12)上的所述驱动轮(14)的驱动装置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的自推进工作机器，特征在于中心轴(42)，所述中心轴(42)由所述电动马达(38)驱动并且所述中心轴(42)的轴线与所述上部结构(18)的旋转轴线(A)一致。
3.根据权利要求2所述的自推进工作机器，其特征在于，所述中心轴(42)连接到齿轮传动装置(44)，所述齿轮传动装置(44)布置在所述底盘(12)中，通过所述齿轮传动装置(44)驱动所述驱动轮(14)。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的自推进工作机器，其特征在于，所述中心轴(42)穿透旋转轴承环(16)，所述上部结构(18)通过所述旋转轴承环(16)可旋转地安装在所述底盘(12)上。
5.根据权利要求2至4中任一项所述的自推进工作机器，其特征在于，在所述电动马达(38)和所述中心轴(42)之间布置有齿轮传动装置(40)，所述齿轮传动装置(40)具体为变速器齿轮传动装置或手动变速器。
6.根据权利要求2至5中任一项所述的自推进工作机器，其特征在于，所述中心轴(42)是用于回收电能的再生***的一部分，并且在所述上部结构(18)中布置有用于回收的电能的存储装置。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的自推进工作机器，其特征在于，所述驱动单元(30)为内燃机，具体为柴油发动机。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的自推进工作机器，其特征在于，所述驱动单元(30)包括燃料电池。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的自推进工作机器，其特征在于，所述自推进工作机器为起重机、挖掘机、材料搬运机或伸缩臂叉车。
CN201510971525.4A 2014-12-22 2015-12-22 自推进工作机器 Pending CN105712217A (zh)

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KR20160076427A (ko) 2016-06-30
RU2015154726A (ru) 2017-06-22
US9663333B2 (en) 2017-05-30

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