CN105660131A - Head lettuce cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a head lettuce cultivation method. The head lettuce cultivation method comprises the following steps: 1, preparing a dedicated insecticide; 2, selecting seeds and sowing; 3, carrying out filed planting; 4, carrying out field management; 5, harvesting: harvesting 40-70 days after filed planting, when leafy heads form and are slightly pressed by a hand to show solid feeling. The head lettuce cultivation method, provided by the invention, fills up the technical blank that the head lettuce only grows in summer and winter, and enables the head lettuce to be cultivated in a whole year, so as to achieve a good benefit.

Description

A kind of cultural method of bile ingredients

Technical field

The present invention relates to proportion of crop planting field, particularly the cultural method of a kind of bile ingredients.

Background technology

Caulis et Folium Lactucae Sativae, being commonly called as of Leaf lettuce, also known as goose son's dish, mark son's dish, lettuce son's dish, belong to Compositae Lactuca. For annual or biennial herb crop, leaf long inverted ovoid, intensive one-tenth Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae shape leaf-head, can eat raw, tender and crisp tasty and refreshing, slightly sweet. Caulis et Folium Lactucae Sativae contains abundant vitamin and mineral, is easily able to obtain without pesticide non-harmful product in the course of cultivation, is increasingly subject to the welcome of consumer, and cultivated area increases year by year. Caulis et Folium Lactucae Sativae belongs to half tolerance to cold vegetable, likes the moistening weather conditions that cool, weak to sweltering heat, in the Caulis et Folium Lactucae Sativae of several types, with bile ingredients, the requirement of environmental condition is the strictest. China northeast, northwest extremely frigid zones mostly be the spring sowing summer harvest, North China and the Yangtze river basin and all can cultivate spring and autumn, South China can sow from JIUYUE to February in next year, and April in November to next year gathers in the crops.

It can be seen that Caulis et Folium Lactucae Sativae is mainly plantation in season in spring and autumn, season of summer and winter is then not suitable for the plantation of Caulis et Folium Lactucae Sativae. At present, along with the progress of vegetable preservation technology, Caulis et Folium Lactucae Sativae can accomplish annual supply, but uses the Caulis et Folium Lactucae Sativae mouthfeel of preservation means supply, nutrition all not to support fresh Caulis et Folium Lactucae Sativae.

Summary of the invention

The technical problem to be solved is to provide the cultural method of a kind of bile ingredients, fills up the technological gap of season winter two in bile ingredients summer plantation, profitable.

For achieving the above object, the cultural method of a kind of bile ingredients that the present invention proposes, it comprises the steps:

One, special-purpose insecticide is prepared: special-purpose insecticide is prepared by the component raw material of following weight portion and obtained: Flos Daturae 2, Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii 3, Radix Gentianae 3, Rhizoma Coptidis 1, Folium Perillae 1, Radix Tripterygii Wilfordii 1, Herba et Flos Pyrethri Cinerariifolii 5, water 16, its preparation process is: 1, boiled by above-mentioned raw materials, and maintain boiling time 3-6h, now leach solution A, every kilogram of A adds 50% avilamycin 200-300 gram, mixes to obtain the first insecticide; 2, Flos Daturae prepared for previous step, Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii, Radix Gentianae, Rhizoma Coptidis, Folium Perillae, Radix Tripterygii Wilfordii, Herba et Flos Pyrethri Cinerariifolii are pulverized by cintrifugal disintegrator, 50% 1O00 times of liquid of Sukeling wettable powder is injected again in this ground product, the weight ratio of ground product and aqueous solution is 2:7, after depositing 48 hours, leach solution and obtain the second insecticide; 3, soil insecticide made by the waste residue collecting second step generation;

Two, seed selection and sowing:

1, seed selection and plantation process: select resistance to bolting, cold-resistant kind, such as big lake, east lucky star; Caulis et Folium Lactucae Sativae seed is little, germination and emergence requires good condition, seed water is drenched and is placed in the culture dish or bundle being lined with filter paper, it is seated in the cold compartment of refrigerator of 4-6 DEG C and processes 24 hours, then seed is immersed in first insecticide of 22-26% 46 hours, again by In Shade for seed insulation accelerating germination, can sow when the seed having 80% shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally;

2, sowing:

Prior to seeding, seedbed is done. Seedbed soil makes every effort in small, broken bits, smooth, and every square metre applies the farm manure 10-20 kilograms become thoroughly decomposed, natural phosphate fertilizer 0.025 kilogram, sprinkles evenly, turn over, and flattens furrow face. Water vola water before sowing, after oozing under water, furrow face is spread a thin layer and sieves fine earth, spread seed immediately. 25 grams of seeds of culturing and transplanting seedlings can plant 1 mu of land for growing field crops. Sow when mean of dekan temperature is higher than 10 DEG C, in open country nursery; During lower than 10 DEG C, use is nursed young plants in hothouses; When outside air temperature is higher than 18 DEG C, cover the sunshade net of 75% density.

Seedling management: seedling stage, temperature controlled at 16 DEG C-20 DEG C daytime, night about 10 DEG C. At 2-3 true leaf time-division Seedlings. Dividing the front seedbed of Seedling first to water 1 water, point Seedling furrow should the same with sowing furrow apply fertilizer finely wholely, leveling. It is transplanted to point Seedling furrow to plant by spacing 6-8 centimetres, waters immediately after point Seedling, and cover covering at point Seedling furrow. After slow Seedling, suitably control water, be beneficial to root of hair, Miao Zhuan.

Three, field planting: site preparation and fertilization before field planting, mu executes farm manure 3500 kilograms, soil insecticide 50-70 kilogram and the Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 15 kilograms become thoroughly decomposed, mixes planting density of raking of ploughing after spreading fertilizer over the fields thoroughly; Early-maturing variety seeding row spacing 25 × 3O centimetre, middle-late ripening variety seeding row spacing 30 × 35 centimetres (the two row black films of 70cm). Can not be too deep during field planting, do not bury blade with soil and be advisable, it is desirable to only substrate is being covered. (field planting is excessively deep, and Caulis et Folium Lactucae Sativae is in growth course, it is easy to cause petiole torsional deformation). To protect seedlings root, to improve survival rate during field planting as far as possible. Want duty to observe in a week after transplanting, it is seen that hydropenia to carry out moisturizing in time and to fill the gaps with seedlings simultaneously.

Four, field management:

1, light modulation temperature control.

1. illumination. Caulis et Folium Lactucae Sativae belongs to happiness light crop, and normal growth needs sufficient sunlight. In Protectorate cultivation; it should be noted that heat-insulating and cold ventilates, temperature (canopy) indoor temperature controls, at 15～20 DEG C, to leak informaton in time during fine day temperature at noon height; lid grass insulation in night; making temperature of shed be not less than 5 DEG C, straw screen or mat is also opened in overcast and rainy mist snow sky, allows plant accept scattering light; carry out light and effect; and carrying out short-term ventilation, it is prevented that humidity is too high causes pest and disease damage to occur, simultaneously prevented also from the generation of temperature (canopy) indoor harmful gas.

2. temperature. Seedling growth stage temperature controls at 16～20 DEG C, and rosette state temperature controls at 18～22 DEG C.

2, pouring management: water be Caulis et Folium Lactucae Sativae cultivation in key link, watering time and irrigation amount should be grasped flexibly according to the temperature of different growing stage and ground temperature. In greenhouse or greenhouse cultivation, it is typically in whole period of duration and waters 5～6 times. 1 seedling recovering water is watered in field planting for 3～5 days, and short its slowly grows, Zha Xingen; To water after topdressing at the 1st time 1 time permeable, the seeding stage suitably waters 1 water, and the 4th is watered to topdress in conjunction with the 3rd time and carried out, in balling mid-term, topdressing in conjunction with the 3rd time and water 1 water again, the later stage does not generally topdress and waters, rotting and blastomere in order to avoid causing, stopping before gathering watering.

3, middle weeding: after the slow Seedling of field planting, middle weeding should be carried out, to strengthen soil permeability, promote root system development.

4, topdress: based on base fertilizer, grow early stage during base fertilizer foot can not topdress, Caulis et Folium Lactucae Sativae is after field planting, whole period of duration chases after 3 fertilizer, within the 1st time about 15 days after slow Seedling, carries out, chases after carbamide 10kg/667m, topdress for 2nd time and carry out when balling initial stage or rosette state mushroom out, chase after carbamide 10kg/667m, chase after carbamide 8～10kg/667m mid-term at yield composition, and phosphorus and potassium foliage fertilizer material can be sprayed for the 2nd time.

5, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: disease mainly has downy mildew, soft rot, virosis, dry rot, tipburn disease etc.; Insect pest mainly has Liriomyza, trialeurodes vaporariorum, aphid, thrips etc. Leaf lettuce is mostly used for eating something rare, and pest and disease damage should to put prevention first. The aggregate measures such as enhancement of field management, chemical prevention should select low toxicity, efficient, less-persistent pesticide. The second insecticide can being used to spray in their early stage, use 3 times altogether, general interval is used once for 5-7 days.

Five, gathering: after field planting 40-70 days, Leaf head formation, being pressed with true feeling with have gentle hands can gather.

The cultural method of a kind of bile ingredients proposed by the invention, fills up the technological gap of season winter two in bile ingredients summer plantation, and the whole year all can plant, profitable.

Detailed description of the invention

The cultural method of a kind of bile ingredients, it comprises the steps:

One, special-purpose insecticide is prepared: special-purpose insecticide is prepared by the component raw material of following weight portion and obtained: Flos Daturae 2, Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii 3, Radix Gentianae 3, Rhizoma Coptidis 1, Folium Perillae 1, Radix Tripterygii Wilfordii 1, Herba et Flos Pyrethri Cinerariifolii 5, water 16, its preparation process is: 1, boiled by above-mentioned raw materials, and maintain boiling time 3-6h, now leach solution A, every kilogram of A adds 50% avilamycin 200-300 gram, mixes to obtain the first insecticide; 2, Flos Daturae prepared for previous step, Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii, Radix Gentianae, Rhizoma Coptidis, Folium Perillae, Radix Tripterygii Wilfordii, Herba et Flos Pyrethri Cinerariifolii are pulverized by cintrifugal disintegrator, 50% 1O00 times of liquid of Sukeling wettable powder is injected again in this ground product, the weight ratio of ground product and aqueous solution is 2:7, after depositing 48 hours, leach solution and obtain the second insecticide; 3, soil insecticide made by the waste residue collecting second step generation;

Two, seed selection and sowing:

1, seed selection and plantation process: select resistance to bolting, cold-resistant kind, such as big lake, east lucky star; Caulis et Folium Lactucae Sativae seed is little, germination and emergence requires good condition, seed water is drenched and is placed in the culture dish or bundle being lined with filter paper, it is seated in the cold compartment of refrigerator of 4-6 DEG C and processes 24 hours, then seed is immersed in first insecticide of 22-26% 46 hours, again by In Shade for seed insulation accelerating germination, can sow when the seed having 80% shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally;

2, sowing:

Prior to seeding, seedbed is done. Seedbed soil makes every effort in small, broken bits, smooth, and every square metre applies the farm manure 10-20 kilograms become thoroughly decomposed, natural phosphate fertilizer 0.025 kilogram, sprinkles evenly, turn over, and flattens furrow face. Water vola water before sowing, after oozing under water, furrow face is spread a thin layer and sieves fine earth, spread seed immediately. 25 grams of seeds of culturing and transplanting seedlings can plant 1 mu of land for growing field crops. Sow when mean of dekan temperature is higher than 10 DEG C, in open country nursery; During lower than 10 DEG C, use is nursed young plants in hothouses; When outside air temperature is higher than 18 DEG C, cover the sunshade net of 75% density.

Seedling management: seedling stage, temperature controlled at 16 DEG C-20 DEG C daytime, night about 10 DEG C. At 2-3 true leaf time-division Seedlings. Dividing the front seedbed of Seedling first to water 1 water, point Seedling furrow should the same with sowing furrow apply fertilizer finely wholely, leveling. It is transplanted to point Seedling furrow to plant by spacing 6-8 centimetres, waters immediately after point Seedling, and cover covering at point Seedling furrow. After slow Seedling, suitably control water, be beneficial to root of hair, Miao Zhuan.

Three, field planting: site preparation and fertilization before field planting, mu executes farm manure 3500 kilograms, soil insecticide 50-70 kilogram and the Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 15 kilograms become thoroughly decomposed, mixes planting density of raking of ploughing after spreading fertilizer over the fields thoroughly; Early-maturing variety seeding row spacing 25 × 3O centimetre, middle-late ripening variety seeding row spacing 30 × 35 centimetres (the two row black films of 70cm).Can not be too deep during field planting, do not bury blade with soil and be advisable, it is desirable to only substrate is being covered. (field planting is excessively deep, and Caulis et Folium Lactucae Sativae is in growth course, it is easy to cause petiole torsional deformation). To protect seedlings root, to improve survival rate during field planting as far as possible. Want duty to observe in a week after transplanting, it is seen that hydropenia to carry out moisturizing in time and to fill the gaps with seedlings simultaneously.

Four, field management:

1, light modulation temperature control.

1. illumination. Caulis et Folium Lactucae Sativae belongs to happiness light crop, and normal growth needs sufficient sunlight. In Protectorate cultivation; it should be noted that heat-insulating and cold ventilates, temperature (canopy) indoor temperature controls, at 15～20 DEG C, to leak informaton in time during fine day temperature at noon height; lid grass insulation in night; making temperature of shed be not less than 5 DEG C, straw screen or mat is also opened in overcast and rainy mist snow sky, allows plant accept scattering light; carry out light and effect; and carrying out short-term ventilation, it is prevented that humidity is too high causes pest and disease damage to occur, simultaneously prevented also from the generation of temperature (canopy) indoor harmful gas.

2. temperature. Seedling growth stage temperature controls at 16～20 DEG C, and rosette state temperature controls at 18～22 DEG C.

2, pouring management: water be Caulis et Folium Lactucae Sativae cultivation in key link, watering time and irrigation amount should be grasped flexibly according to the temperature of different growing stage and ground temperature. In greenhouse or greenhouse cultivation, it is typically in whole period of duration and waters 5～6 times. 1 seedling recovering water is watered in field planting for 3～5 days, and short its slowly grows, Zha Xingen; To water after topdressing at the 1st time 1 time permeable, the seeding stage suitably waters 1 water, and the 4th is watered to topdress in conjunction with the 3rd time and carried out, in balling mid-term, topdressing in conjunction with the 3rd time and water 1 water again, the later stage does not generally topdress and waters, rotting and blastomere in order to avoid causing, stopping before gathering watering.

3, middle weeding: after the slow Seedling of field planting, middle weeding should be carried out, to strengthen soil permeability, promote root system development.

4, topdress: based on base fertilizer, grow early stage during base fertilizer foot can not topdress, Caulis et Folium Lactucae Sativae is after field planting, whole period of duration chases after 3 fertilizer, within the 1st time about 15 days after slow Seedling, carries out, chases after carbamide 10kg/667m, topdress for 2nd time and carry out when balling initial stage or rosette state mushroom out, chase after carbamide 10kg/667m, chase after carbamide 8～10kg/667m mid-term at yield composition, and phosphorus and potassium foliage fertilizer material can be sprayed for the 2nd time.

5, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: disease mainly has downy mildew, soft rot, virosis, dry rot, tipburn disease etc.; Insect pest mainly has Liriomyza, trialeurodes vaporariorum, aphid, thrips etc. Leaf lettuce is mostly used for eating something rare, and pest and disease damage should to put prevention first. The aggregate measures such as enhancement of field management, chemical prevention should select low toxicity, efficient, less-persistent pesticide. The second insecticide can being used to spray in their early stage, use 3 times altogether, general interval is used once for 5-7 days.

Five, gathering: after field planting 40-70 days, Leaf head formation, being pressed with true feeling with have gentle hands can gather.

The cultural method of a kind of bile ingredients proposed by the invention, fills up the technological gap of season winter two in bile ingredients summer plantation, and the whole year all can plant, profitable.

Claims (1)

1. a cultural method for bile ingredients, it comprises the steps:

One, special-purpose insecticide is prepared: special-purpose insecticide is prepared by the component raw material of following weight portion and obtained: Flos Daturae 2, Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii 3, Radix Gentianae 3, Rhizoma Coptidis 1, Folium Perillae 1, Radix Tripterygii Wilfordii 1, Herba et Flos Pyrethri Cinerariifolii 5, water 16, its preparation process is: 1, boiled by above-mentioned raw materials, and maintain boiling time 3-6h, now leach solution A, every kilogram of A adds 50% avilamycin 200-300 gram, mixes to obtain the first insecticide;2, Flos Daturae prepared for previous step, Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii, Radix Gentianae, Rhizoma Coptidis, Folium Perillae, Radix Tripterygii Wilfordii, Herba et Flos Pyrethri Cinerariifolii are pulverized by cintrifugal disintegrator, 50% 1O00 times of liquid of Sukeling wettable powder is injected again in this ground product, the weight ratio of ground product and aqueous solution is 2:7, after depositing 48 hours, leach solution and obtain the second insecticide; 3, soil insecticide made by the waste residue collecting second step generation;

Two, seed selection and sowing:

1, seed selection and plantation process: select resistance to bolting, cold-resistant kind, such as big lake, east lucky star; Caulis et Folium Lactucae Sativae seed is little, germination and emergence requires good condition, seed water is drenched and is placed in the culture dish or bundle being lined with filter paper, it is seated in the cold compartment of refrigerator of 4-6 DEG C and processes 24 hours, then seed is immersed in first insecticide of 22-26% 46 hours, again by In Shade for seed insulation accelerating germination, can sow when the seed having 80% shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally;

2, sowing:

Prior to seeding, Seedling bed is made; Seedbed soil makes every effort in small, broken bits, smooth, and every square metre applies the farm manure 10-20 kilograms become thoroughly decomposed, natural phosphate fertilizer 0.025 kilogram, sprinkles evenly, turn over, and flattens furrow face; Water vola water before sowing, after oozing under water, furrow face is spread a thin layer and sieves fine earth, spread seed immediately; 25 grams of seeds of culturing and transplanting seedlings can plant 1 mu of land for growing field crops; Sow when mean of dekan temperature is higher than 10 DEG C, in open country nursery; During lower than 10 DEG C, use is nursed young plants in hothouses; When outside air temperature is higher than 18 DEG C, cover the sunshade net of 75% density;

Seedling management: seedling stage, temperature controlled at 16 DEG C-20 DEG C daytime, night 10 DEG C; At 2-3 true leaf time-division Seedlings; Dividing the front seedbed of Seedling first to water 1 water, point Seedling furrow should the same with sowing furrow apply fertilizer finely wholely, leveling; It is transplanted to point Seedling furrow to plant by spacing 6-8 centimetres, waters immediately after point Seedling, and cover covering at point Seedling furrow; After slow Seedling, suitably control water, be beneficial to root of hair, Miao Zhuan;

Three, field planting: site preparation and fertilization before field planting, mu executes farm manure 3500 kilograms, soil insecticide 50-70 kilogram and the Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 15 kilograms become thoroughly decomposed, mixes planting density of raking of ploughing after spreading fertilizer over the fields thoroughly; Early-maturing variety seeding row spacing 25 × 3O centimetre, middle-late ripening variety seeding row spacing 30 × 35 centimetres; Can not be too deep during field planting, to protect seedlings root during field planting, to improve survival rate as far as possible; Want duty to observe in a week after transplanting, it is seen that hydropenia to carry out moisturizing in time and to fill the gaps with seedlings simultaneously;

Four, field management:

1, light modulation temperature control;

1. illumination; Caulis et Folium Lactucae Sativae belongs to happiness light crop, and normal growth needs sufficient sunlight; In Protectorate cultivation, it should be noted that heat-insulating and cold ventilates, temperature indoor temperature controls at 15～20 DEG C, leaking informaton in time during fine day temperature at noon height, night, the insulation of lid grass, made temperature of shed be not less than 5 DEG C, straw screen or mat is also opened in overcast and rainy mist snow sky, allow plant accept scattering light, carry out light and effect, and carry out short-term ventilation;

2. temperature; Seedling growth stage temperature controls at 16～20 DEG C, and rosette state temperature controls at 18～22 DEG C;

2, pouring management: in greenhouse or greenhouse cultivation, water in whole period of duration 5～6 times; 1 seedling recovering water is watered in field planting for 3～5 days, and short its slowly grows, Zha Xingen; To water after topdressing at the 1st time 1 time permeable, the seeding stage suitably waters 1 water, and the 4th is watered to topdress in conjunction with the 3rd time and carried out, and in balling mid-term, topdresses in conjunction with the 3rd time and waters 1 water again, and the later stage does not topdress and waters, and rots and blastomere in order to avoid causing, and stops watering before gathering;

3, middle weeding: after the slow Seedling of field planting, middle weeding should be carried out, to strengthen soil permeability, promote root system development;

4, topdress: based on base fertilizer, grow early stage during base fertilizer foot can not topdress, Caulis et Folium Lactucae Sativae is after field planting, whole period of duration chases after 3 fertilizer, within the 1st time about 15 days after slow Seedling, carries out, chases after carbamide 10kg/667m, topdress for 2nd time and carry out when balling initial stage or rosette state mushroom out, chase after carbamide 10kg/667m, chase after carbamide 8～10kg/667m mid-term at yield composition, and phosphorus and potassium foliage fertilizer material can be sprayed for the 2nd time;

5, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: disease mainly has downy mildew, soft rot, virosis, dry rot, tipburn disease etc.; Insect pest mainly has Liriomyza, trialeurodes vaporariorum, aphid, thrips etc.; Leaf lettuce is mostly used for eating something rare, and pest and disease damage should to put prevention first; The aggregate measures such as enhancement of field management, chemical prevention should select low toxicity, efficient, less-persistent pesticide; The second insecticide can being used to spray in their early stage, use 3 times altogether, general interval is used once for 5-7 days;

Five, gathering: after field planting 40-70 days, Leaf head formation, being pressed with true feeling with have gentle hands can gather.