CN105642663A - Flora and fauna comprehensive utilization restoring method of heavy metal contaminated soil - Google Patents
Flora and fauna comprehensive utilization restoring method of heavy metal contaminated soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN105642663A CN105642663A CN201610232651.2A CN201610232651A CN105642663A CN 105642663 A CN105642663 A CN 105642663A CN 201610232651 A CN201610232651 A CN 201610232651A CN 105642663 A CN105642663 A CN 105642663A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
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- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a flora and fauna comprehensive utilization restoring method of heavy metal contaminated soil. The method is realized through the following technical schemes with the following steps: (1) selecting to-be-restored heavy metal contaminated soil, artificially eliminating weeds and shrub, sufficiently applying decomposed organic agricultural miscellaneous fertilizer at late autumn and early winter, deeply ploughing, weathering the soil to freeze overwintering injurious insects to death, thoroughly ploughing and harrowing; (2) transplanting woody fast-growing arbor mulberry with capacity of enriching heavy metal when the average temperature achieves 10 DEG C or more after the soil is unfrozen in spring; (3) after the transplanting, introducing earthworms restoring process when the temperature achieves 15 DEG C or more, and then collecting the earthworms; (4) introducing herbage ramie with super-accumulation effect for Cu<2+> and fast growth speed after the first earthworm collection in the earthworm restoring process, enhancing the enrichment effect to the shallow soil copper ion, and then entirely removing the ramie plant with the root; and re-introducing the earthworms and the ramie in the restored soil in spring of the next year.
Description
Technical field
A kind of method that the present invention relates to soil remediation, especially relates to the animals and plants comprehensive utilization restorative procedure of a kind of heavy-metal contaminated soil. Belong to remediation contaminated soil field in environmental conservation.
Background technology
Heavy metal pollution of soil refers to owing to heavy metal is brought in soil by mankind's activity, causes heavy metal in soil content apparently higher than background content, and is likely to result in the phenomenon of existing or potential assessing index, Environmental deterioration. Heavy metal is very big to the injury of human body, cadmium (Cd), hydrargyrum (Hg), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), barium (Ba), plumbous (Pb) etc. The ion of heavy metal element is usually poisonous, heavy metal element once in human body excess, body harm is very big. The pollution source of heavy metal: 1) heavy metal pollution that causes of three industrial wastes: ore dressing in mineral metal products exploitation, smelting process level fall behind, mining area blowdown is not up to standard, heavy metal enters soil, river or ocean along with the approach such as leaching of naturally sedimentation, rainwater, causes the productive life of heavy metal pollution serious harm people. 2) the excessive use of fertilizer and pesticide: containing the arsenic of trace, cadmium heavy metal element in calcium superphosphate that in chemical fertilizer, grade is poor and ground phosphate rock. Leaded and organomercurial pesticide has also buried the seed of trouble for heavy metal pollution of soil while playing a role, and causes the colloid structure of soil to change, nutrition leak. Also often containing copper and the zinc of high-load in feed additive, this makes the copper in organic fertilizer, Zn content also substantially increase and along with fertilizer applies farmland. 3) discharge of vehicle exhaust: the sedimentation of the discharge of vehicle exhaust, a large amount of harmful gass containing heavy metal that auto tire wear produces and dust, causing both sides of highway is the pollution of ribbon distribution. Additionally also has living garbage pollution.
Yangtze River Delta Region is located in China's southeastern coast, and land area is 10.96 ten thousand square kilometres. Since reform and opening-up, Yangtze River Delta Region economy develops rapidly, and development of township enterprises is rapid, and the paces of village urbanization and urban-rural integration are accelerated. Become one of area that China's population is concentrated the most, economy is the most flourishing, cities and towns density is maximum. Within 2004, statistical data shows, Yangtze River Delta Region is on the soil only accounting for national area 1%, live the whole nation 5.8% population, create 18.7% GDP, the whole nation 22% fiscal revenues and 18.4% foreign export, in the national economy of China, therefore account for very important status always.Economic development, while bringing great economic benefit, also makes various agricultural and environmental problem day by day highlight. Having investigation to show, along with rapid development of economy, the soil environment quality overall state of tessellated region, the Changjiang river allows of no optimist, and soil quality presents downward trend. Wherein heavy metal pollution has become as a major issue of tessellated region, the Changjiang river, and some areas heavy metal content in soil exceeds standard seriously. There are some researches show: the farmland in some city, Yangtze River Delta Region causes the soil of 10% substantially to lose the productivity because being polluted by various heavy. The improvement of Yangtze River Delta Region heavy metal pollution of soil is urgently to be resolved hurrily, very urgent, it is necessary to tessellated region, the Changjiang river is carried out Heavy Metal Pollution Control.
In the existing method improving heavy-metal contaminated soil, publication number CN102380506A(application number 201110286763.3) Chinese patent a kind of disclose reclaiming heavy metal-polluted soil method. It is plantation ambary in heavy-metal contaminated soil. This method mainly utilizes the features such as big, the well developed root system of the resistance to heavy metal of fibre crops ambary, impoverishment tolerant, Biomass, in multiple metal grown on soil ambary to reach to reclaim, water and soil conservation, the purpose such as fixing heavy metal, have economic worth and landscape value concurrently. Although the present invention selects plantation ambary to carry out reclaiming heavy metal-polluted soil, but according to concrete investigation, simple dependence plantation ambary can not largely improve soil pollution. And can be seen that ambary has the advantages that Metal uptake amount is few by the beneficial effect part of its description. So, it is unsatisfactory that simple dependence plantation ambary carrys out reclaiming heavy metal-polluted soil. Publication number CN102101123A(application number 201110056525.3) Chinese patent openly know clearly a kind of heavy-metal contaminated soil in-situ remediation method, by submicron or Nanoscale Iron, flyash, containing magnesium preparation and bentonite according to the part by weight Homogeneous phase mixing of 5-25: 40-50: 1-10: 15-50, obtain heavy-metal contaminated soil and repair medicament; After the surface of heavy-metal contaminated soil applies the heavy-metal contaminated soil reparation medicament of 1-4cm thickness, soil thick for polluted soil top layer 20cm is mixed homogeneously by the mode turned over the medicament of repairing of applying; Through 3-6 month, heavy metal cadmium in heavy-metal contaminated soil, chromium, hydrargyrum, lead, arsenic, nickel, zinc, copper, manganese and vanadium were reduced into immobilized heavy metal at a low price, lose its biological effectiveness, it is achieved that the in-situ immobilization of heavy-metal contaminated soil. Publication number CN102962249A(application number 201210383050.3) Chinese patent disclose a kind of contaminated soil remediation system adopting recirculating and method. Wherein, contaminated soil remediation system adopting recirculating includes heat source generator and thermal desorption device; Heat source generator is connected with thermal desorption device, is used for heating contaminated soil in thermal desorption device; Further, thermal desorption device includes buried tube type heating furnace, and buried tube type heating furnace includes burner hearth, is provided for the heating tube bundle of flue gas circulation in burner hearth, and flue gas comes from heat source generator. The method can well the soil of repairing heavy metal pollution, but input cost is too high, and operate too complicated, needing in the burner hearth by the contaminated soil described buried tube type heating furnace of feeding, the heat smoke then produced by described heat source generator introduces described heating tube bundle, indirectly heats the contaminated soil in described buried tube type heating furnace, carry out thermal desorption process, finally, discharged by the slag-drip opening bottom described buried tube type heating furnace, and the mixing exhaust steam produced is carried out vent gas treatment.Compare the reparation being suitable for small amount contaminated soil in this approach, and for large-area contaminated soil, operation should not be implemented.
Summary of the invention
For the present situation that existing restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal is slightly not enough, an object of the present invention is in that to provide the animals and plants comprehensive utilization restorative procedure of a kind of heavy-metal contaminated soil, reparation to the soil microorganism promoting heavy metal pollution, improve soil physical chemistry feature, remediating heavy metal soil pollution had significant effect, easily operation, has good economic worth simultaneously.
The above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions, and step is as follows:
(1) selected heavy-metal contaminated soil to be repaired, manually removes weeds, shrub, and the time in time of the year when autumn changes into winter uses sufficient the organic agriculture miscellaneous fertilizers that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and deep ploughing makes soil weathering, and freeze to death the insect that survives the winter, and it is broken that rake thoroughly is ploughed in soil;
(2), when temperature on average reaches more than 10 DEG C after the defrosting of soil in spring, the woody fast-growing arbor mulberry with enriching heavy metal ability is transplanted;
(3) after having transplanted, when temperature reaches more than 15 DEG C, introduce Lumbricus repair process, collect Lumbricus afterwards;
(4), after the collection of the first time in Lumbricus repair process Lumbricus, introduce Cu2+There is the herbaceous plant Boehmeria of super summation, fast growth, strengthen the enrichment to thin solum copper ion, afterwards Boehmeria plant is connected root entirety and remove;
Second Year is reintroduced back to Lumbricus and Boehmeria with repairing spring, before repairing ground introducing Lumbricus, use sufficient organic agriculture miscellaneous fertilizers, it is broken that rake thoroughly is ploughed in soil, ibid, whole repair process is First Year March to Second Year November, the time of 20 totally months for time and method, before contaminated soil remediation starts and in repair process 4th month, 8 months, 16 months and 20th month (namely the First Year July of repair process, November, Second Year July, November) each sampling 1 time, be used for understanding soil remediation progress.
Restorative procedure is comprehensively utilized, it is preferred that step (1) time in time of the year when autumn changes into winter uses sufficient the organic agriculture miscellaneous fertilizers that becomes thoroughly decomposed and (preferably, uses sufficient, by the consumption of 510-700 kg/acre, the organic agriculture miscellaneous fertilizers that becomes thoroughly decomposed by the consumption of 420-800 kg/acre according to above-mentioned animals and plants; More preferably, use sufficient, by the consumption of 620 kgs/acre, the organic agriculture miscellaneous fertilizers that becomes thoroughly decomposed).
Restorative procedure is comprehensively utilized, it is preferred that deep ploughing 35-55cm(is preferred for step (1), and deep plough 40-50cm according to above-mentioned animals and plants; More preferably, deep ploughing 45cm).
Restorative procedure is comprehensively utilized, it is preferred that step (2) described transplanting has the woody fast-growing arbor mulberry of enriching heavy metal ability and refers to according to above-mentioned animals and plants, the mode adopting interlacing dibbling transplants the annual seedling of mulberry, line-spacing 2.2-3.2 rice, and spacing in the rows 1.1-1.4 rice (preferred, line-spacing 3 meters, spacing in the rows 1.3 meters), digging cave field planting, footpath, cave is 0.55-0.65 rice, and the deep 0.45-0.6 rice in cave is (preferred, 0.6 meter of footpath, cave, deep 0.5 meter of cave). And after transplanting, fill once permeable, make seedling root be combined with soil tightr, after pouring water, train one layer of thin soil immediately, prevent and treat soil compaction and dry and cracked, later in conjunction with weather condition, water in time, it is to avoid arid, mid or late May-June nursery stock root growth very fast, therefore topdress to nursery stock in early or mid May, digging semilune ditch from nursery stock 20-30cm place, by every mu execute carbamide 15kg, the amount of calcium superphosphate 25kg is topdressed; Mid or late June nursery stock initially enters Fast-growing stage, executes carbamide 18kg or ammonium hydrogen carbonate 90kg for every mu and adds calcium superphosphate 25kg, mid or late July-by the end of August, it is the Fast-growing stage of nursery stock, needs every mu and impose the potash fertilizer 18kg such as potassium chloride, suitably pour water in conjunction with weather during fertilising.
Comprehensively utilizing restorative procedure according to above-mentioned animals and plants, it is preferred that the described Lumbricus repair process of step (3), be after being moistened by soil irrigation, throw in peaceful No. two Lumbricuss, throwing in density is that 0.5-2.0kg/m2(is preferred, and input density is 0.8-1.5kg/m2; More preferably, input density is 1kg/m2), Lumbricus ingests by ceaselessly wriggling, and related earth is taken in internal so that heavy metal stops in vivo and is enriched with, and during reparation, summer high-temperature weather at least spills a water mulching straw moisturizing every day; 4-5 days season of spring and autumn sprinkles water once, the water spilt is even, thin, impulse force is little, collecting one month summer and once become earthworm, each first quarter moon was collected and was once become earthworm season in spring and autumn, original soil Hui Pu after Lumbricus collection, and throw in a certain amount of earthworm kind, making earthworm kind quantity in soil equal with first phase injected volume, meanwhile, one processes fertilizer of cycle interpolation, addition is 200-250 kg/acre, enter time of the year when autumn changes into winter temperature lower than 10 DEG C after all of Lumbricus is collected. Wherein, the collection of Lumbricus adopts natural lighting collecting method: use little rake, shovels out the thick earthworm bed soil of topsoil 20cm, stacking on a plastic film after loose, Lumbricus keeps in dark place, and can be displaced downwardly to plastic sheeting gradually, topsoil is wiped off gradually and puts back to earthworm bed, collect vermis finally by crossing sieve method.
Restorative procedure is comprehensively utilized, it is preferred that the described herbaceous plant Boehmeria of step (4) adopts the mode of interval hedge planting, transplants by the seeding row spacing of 25cm �� 15cm, waters after transplanting in good time, finally Boehmeria plant is connected root entirety and remove according to above-mentioned animals and plants.
Main material brief introduction:
Mulberry: happiness light, weather, soil suitability is all very strong. Cold-resistant, it is resistant to the low temperature of-40 DEG C, drought-enduring, water-fast wet, Salt And Alkali Tolerance, it is possible in the ambient growth of warm and moist. Wind resistance, resistance to flue dust, anti-toxic gas. Well developed root system, growth is fast, and rudiment power is strong, resistance to pruning. The economic worth of mulberry is high, and especially silkworm silk is first-class textile raw material, along with the raising of the development of national economic development cause and people's lives, the requirement of silkworm silk is also wanted day basin increase. Therefore, various places can according to local actual conditions suitably Wu exhibition kind Mulberry cause. Mulberry is thick with leaves, and Autumn leaf colours turns yellow, rather attractive in appearance; Energy Hangzhoupro flue dust, is suitable to city industrial and mining area and turns the four sides green, or shelter-forest is made in cultivation; Fruit can be eaten raw or make wine. Branch, root bark, leaf can be used as medicine. Mulberry nature and flavor are sweet, pungent, cold in nature; Enter lung meridian, spleen channel, there is nourishing the liver and kidney, nourishing blood for improving eyesight, taste liquid relieve dizziness, high fever, infantile convulsions, epilepsy, etc., loosening bowel to relieve constipation, adjustment body's immunity, promote effect of hematopoietic growth, blood fat reducing, hepatoprotective. Cure mainly that lung-heat breathes heavily expectorant, diseases caused by retention of fluid stops lung, distension dyspnea with rapid respiration, edema, beriberi, dysuria etc.
Lumbricus: live in soil, hide by day and come out at night, with spoilage organism for food, together swallows together with earth. Loosing soil, improvement soil can be made, build up fertility, promote agricultural produce. It is survive by Organic substances such as the edible rhizome being mixed in soil plant and microorganism remains. In this process, substantial amounts of soil property is swallowed in abdomen by Lumbricus, then it is excreted to again external, strengthen soil aeration, beneficial bacteria is provided, ammonia in soil is transformed into and is easy to the form that crops absorb, contribute to compound molecules various in soil are decomposed into the composition that root system of plant can utilize. The fallen leaves hay cracking that ground is remained by Lumbricus in time is converted into the nutrient substance to soil and plant, can process animal wastes and municipal refuse, and organic agriculture and the ecological agriculture is all significant.Lumbricus degradation of organic substances matter, improve soil physical property, promote soil nutrient circulation with release in play very important effect. In addition, the circulation digestion reproductive system in the health of Lumbricus is all very special, has a lot of very special medical value. Lumbricus likes detritivorous organic waste, organic waste, by transforming into the active substance that self or other biological are prone to utilize under protease in Lumbricus intestinal of the digestive system of Lumbricus, lipolytic enzyme, cellulase, diastatic effect, produces earthworm protein simultaneously and environment is not produced secondary pollution by aminoacid. Lumbricus body has good economic worth and medical value containing several amino acids, enzyme and active substance.
Boehmeria: have another name called " China grass ", has high-output stress-resistance, fertility is strong, root system is huge, biological yield high. China's Ramie Germplasms resource is very abundant, can be applicable to the kind of heavy metal phytoremediation for screening and provides favourable condition. Select that Heavy Metal Tolerance is strong, enriching quantity big and the kind of high yield and high quality restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal can also be had practical significance. Boehmeria is mainly as raw materials of industry such as weavings, and the risk being detrimental to health by food chain is less, also has certain economic well-being of workers and staff while administering soil pollution. Ramie biological amount is big, strong adaptability, not only has the accumulation ability of stronger cadmium, and reports that the reparation to combined pollutions such as cadmium, lead, arsenic has stronger concentration effect. Boehmeria heavy metal Sb, Cd, As, Pb all have enrichment in various degree.
The animals and plants comprehensive utilization restorative procedure heavy metal soil pollution effect of this heavy-metal contaminated soil is notable, the present invention is selected to reduce heavy metal in soil total amount and eco-friendly recovery technique, takes animal Lumbricus--the Technology of plant mulberry and Boehmeria. In the technology of soil animal restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal, Lumbricus becomes a technology of soil remediation great potential because of its feature such as heavy metal accumulation amount is big, growth cycle is short, effect is obvious. In the middle of phytoremediation technology, select hyperaccumulative plant. Therefore the present invention strengthens complex repairation in conjunction with animals and plants, achieves the biology in situ reparation to soil smoothly, has extremely significantly effect, and does not produce the secondary pollution to soil.
Compared with prior art, the method have the advantages that
(1) plant mulberry used in the present invention is resisted cold, and is resistant to the low temperature of-40 DEG C, drought-enduring, water-fast wet, Salt And Alkali Tolerance, and wind resistance, resistance to flue dust, anti-toxic gas. Well developed root system, growth is fast, and rudiment power is strong.
(2) economic worth of fibre crops mulberry used in the present invention is high.
(3) heavy metal in Soil of Earthworms, organic pollution have scavenging action, and with the animals and plants chip in soil for food, through underground drilling hole of being everlasting, soil is turned over loose, make moisture and fertilizer easily enter and improve the fertility of soil, be conducive to the growth of plant. Increase soil air degree by wriggling, and then increase the oxygen content in soil.
(4) due to the picking up property of Lumbricus and omnivorousness, the earthworm excrement that Lumbricus in annual per hectare soil is discharged just can reach tens tons to hundreds of ton. Rich in the fabulous fertilizer that the earthworm excrement of humus is plant growing. The activity of Lumbricus can also improve soil, the Organic substance in accelerated decomposition soil, recovers and keep the ecological balance of soil.
(5) Boehmeria used in the present invention has fast growth, the features such as high-output stress-resistance, root system are huge, and there is stronger Heavy Metal Tolerance, it is adapted in heavy-metal contaminated soil and plants, not only there is the accumulation ability of stronger cadmium, and report that the reparation to combined pollutions such as cadmium, lead, arsenic has stronger concentration effect.
(6) fibre crops Boehmeria used in the present invention is non-edible crops, relative to edible crops, can effectively reduce heavy metal and enter the risk of human body.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this.
The animals and plants comprehensive utilization restorative procedure of embodiment 1 heavy-metal contaminated soil, implements step as follows:
(1) selected heavy-metal contaminated soil to be repaired, manually removes weeds, shrub, and the time in time of the year when autumn changes into winter every mu uses sufficient 510 kilograms of the organic agriculture miscellaneous fertilizers that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and deep plough 40cm, makes soil weathering, and freeze to death the insect that survives the winter, and it is broken that rake thoroughly is ploughed in soil;
(2) when temperature on average reaches more than 10 DEG C after the defrosting of soil in spring, transplant the woody fast-growing arbor mulberry with enriching heavy metal ability, adopt the mode of interlacing dibbling to transplant the annual seedling of mulberry, line-spacing 2.2 meters, spacing in the rows 1.1 meters, dig cave field planting, footpath, cave is 0.55 meter, deep 0.45 meter of cave;
(3) after having transplanted, fill once permeable, make seedling root be combined with soil tightr, after pouring water, train one layer of thin soil immediately, prevent and treat soil compaction and dry and cracked, later in conjunction with weather condition, water in time, it is to avoid arid. Mid or late May-June nursery stock root growth very fast, therefore topdress to nursery stock in early or mid May, digging semilune ditch from nursery stock 20cm place, by every mu execute carbamide 15kg, the amount of calcium superphosphate 25kg is topdressed; Mid or late June nursery stock initially enters Fast-growing stage, executes carbamide 18kg, calcium superphosphate 25kg for every mu, mid or late July-by the end of August, it is the Fast-growing stage of nursery stock, needs every mu and impose the potash fertilizer 18kg such as potassium chloride, suitably pour water in conjunction with weather during fertilising. When temperature reaches more than 15 DEG C, after moistening for soil irrigation, throw in peaceful No. two Lumbricuss, input density is 0.5kg/m2, Lumbricus ingests by ceaselessly wriggling, and related earth is taken in internal so that heavy metal stops in vivo and is enriched with, during reparation, summer high-temperature weather at least spills a water mulching straw moisturizing every day; 4 days seasons of spring and autumn sprinkle water once, the water spilt is even, thin, impulse force is little, collecting one month summer and once become earthworm, each first quarter moon was collected and was once become earthworm season in spring and autumn, original soil Hui Pu after Lumbricus collection, and throw in a certain amount of earthworm kind, making earthworm kind quantity in soil equal with first phase injected volume, meanwhile, one processes fertilizer of cycle interpolation, addition is 200 kgs/acre, enter time of the year when autumn changes into winter temperature lower than 10 DEG C after all of Lumbricus is collected;
(4), after the collection of the first time in Lumbricus repair process Lumbricus, introduce Cu2+There is the herbaceous plant Boehmeria of super summation, fast growth, adopt the mode of interval hedge planting, transplant by the seeding row spacing of 25cm �� 15cm, water after transplanting in good time, finally Boehmeria plant is connected root entirety and remove;
Second Year is reintroduced back to Lumbricus and Boehmeria with repairing spring, before introducing Lumbricus, use sufficient organic agriculture miscellaneous fertilizers, it is broken that rake thoroughly is ploughed in soil, ibid, whole repair process is First Year March to Second Year November, the time of 20 totally months for time and method, before contaminated soil remediation starts and in repair process 4th month, 8 months, 16 months and 20th month (namely the First Year July of repair process, November, Second Year July, November) each sampling 1 time, be used for understanding soil remediation progress.
The animals and plants comprehensive utilization restorative procedure of embodiment 2 heavy-metal contaminated soil, implements step as follows:
(1) selected heavy-metal contaminated soil to be repaired, manually removes weeds, shrub, and the time in time of the year when autumn changes into winter every mu uses sufficient 700 kilograms of the organic agriculture miscellaneous fertilizers that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and deep plough 50cm, makes soil weathering, and freeze to death the insect that survives the winter, and it is broken that rake thoroughly is ploughed in soil;
(2) when temperature on average reaches more than 10 DEG C after the defrosting of soil in spring, transplant the woody fast-growing arbor mulberry with enriching heavy metal ability, adopt the mode of interlacing dibbling to transplant the annual seedling of mulberry, line-spacing 3.2 meters, spacing in the rows 1.4 meters, dig cave field planting, footpath, cave is 0.65 meter, deep 0.6 meter of cave;
(3) after having transplanted, fill once permeable, make seedling root be combined with soil tightr, after pouring water, train one layer of thin soil immediately, prevent and treat soil compaction and dry and cracked, later in conjunction with weather condition, water in time, it is to avoid arid. Mid or late May-June nursery stock root growth very fast, therefore topdress to nursery stock in early or mid May, digging semilune ditch from nursery stock 30cm place, by every mu execute carbamide 15kg, the amount of calcium superphosphate 25kg is topdressed; Mid or late June nursery stock initially enters Fast-growing stage, executes ammonium hydrogen carbonate 90kg for every mu and adds calcium superphosphate 25kg, mid or late July-by the end of August, it is the Fast-growing stage of nursery stock, needs every mu and impose the potash fertilizer 18kg such as potassium chloride, suitably pour water in conjunction with weather during fertilising. When temperature reaches more than 15 DEG C, after moistening for soil irrigation, throw in peaceful No. two Lumbricuss, input density is 1.5kg/m2, Lumbricus ingests by ceaselessly wriggling, and related earth is taken in internal so that heavy metal stops in vivo and is enriched with, during reparation, summer high-temperature weather at least spills a water mulching straw moisturizing every day; 5 days seasons of spring and autumn sprinkle water once, the water spilt is even, thin, impulse force is little, collecting one month summer and once become earthworm, each first quarter moon was collected and was once become earthworm season in spring and autumn, original soil Hui Pu after Lumbricus collection, and throw in a certain amount of earthworm kind, making earthworm kind quantity in soil equal with first phase injected volume, meanwhile, one processes fertilizer of cycle interpolation, addition is 250 kgs/acre, enter time of the year when autumn changes into winter temperature lower than 10 DEG C after all of Lumbricus is collected;
(4), after the collection of the first time in Lumbricus repair process Lumbricus, introduce Cu2+There is the herbaceous plant Boehmeria of super summation, fast growth, adopt the mode of interval hedge planting, transplant by the seeding row spacing of 25cm �� 15cm, water after transplanting in good time, finally Boehmeria plant is connected root entirety and remove;
Second Year is reintroduced back to Lumbricus and Boehmeria with repairing spring, before introducing Lumbricus, use sufficient organic agriculture miscellaneous fertilizers, it is broken that rake thoroughly is ploughed in soil, ibid, whole repair process is First Year March to Second Year November, the time of 20 totally months for time and method, before contaminated soil remediation starts and in repair process 4th month, 8 months, 16 months and 20th month (namely the First Year July of repair process, November, Second Year July, November) each sampling 1 time, be used for understanding soil remediation progress.
The animals and plants comprehensive utilization restorative procedure of embodiment 3 heavy-metal contaminated soil, implements step as follows:
(1) selected heavy-metal contaminated soil to be repaired, manually removes weeds, shrub, and the time in time of the year when autumn changes into winter every mu uses sufficient 620 kilograms of the organic agriculture miscellaneous fertilizers that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and deep plough 45cm, makes soil weathering, and freeze to death the insect that survives the winter, and it is broken that rake thoroughly is ploughed in soil;
(2) when temperature on average reaches more than 10 DEG C after the defrosting of soil in spring, transplant the woody fast-growing arbor mulberry with enriching heavy metal ability, adopt the mode of interlacing dibbling to transplant the annual seedling of mulberry, line-spacing 3 meters, spacing in the rows 1.3 meters, dig cave field planting, footpath, cave is 0.6 meter, deep 0.55 meter of cave;
(3) after having transplanted, fill once permeable, make seedling root be combined with soil tightr, after pouring water, train one layer of thin soil immediately, prevent and treat soil compaction and dry and cracked, later in conjunction with weather condition, water in time, it is to avoid arid. Mid or late May-June nursery stock root growth very fast, therefore topdress to nursery stock in early or mid May, digging semilune ditch from nursery stock 25cm place, by every mu execute carbamide 15kg, the amount of calcium superphosphate 25kg is topdressed;Mid or late June nursery stock initially enters Fast-growing stage, executes carbamide 18kg for every mu and adds calcium superphosphate 25kg, mid or late July-by the end of August, it is the Fast-growing stage of nursery stock, needs every mu and impose the potash fertilizer 18kg such as potassium chloride, suitably pour water in conjunction with weather during fertilising. When temperature reaches more than 15 DEG C, after moistening for soil irrigation, throw in peaceful No. two Lumbricuss, input density is 1.0kg/m2, Lumbricus ingests by ceaselessly wriggling, and related earth is taken in internal so that heavy metal stops in vivo and is enriched with, during reparation, summer high-temperature weather at least spills a water mulching straw moisturizing every day; 4 days seasons of spring and autumn sprinkle water once, the water spilt is even, thin, impulse force is little, collecting one month summer and once become earthworm, each first quarter moon was collected and was once become earthworm season in spring and autumn, original soil Hui Pu after Lumbricus collection, and throw in a certain amount of earthworm kind, making earthworm kind quantity in soil equal with first phase injected volume, meanwhile, one processes fertilizer of cycle interpolation, addition is 230 kgs/acre, enter time of the year when autumn changes into winter temperature lower than 10 DEG C after all of Lumbricus is collected;
(4), after the collection of the first time in Lumbricus repair process Lumbricus, introduce Cu2+There is the herbaceous plant Boehmeria of super summation, fast growth, adopt the mode of interval hedge planting, transplant by the seeding row spacing of 25cm �� 15cm, water after transplanting in good time, finally Boehmeria plant is connected root entirety and remove;
Second Year is reintroduced back to Lumbricus and Boehmeria with repairing spring, before introducing Lumbricus, use sufficient organic agriculture miscellaneous fertilizers, it is broken that rake thoroughly is ploughed in soil, ibid, whole repair process is First Year March to Second Year November, the time of 20 totally months for time and method, before contaminated soil remediation starts and in repair process 4th month, 8 months, 16 months and 20th month (namely the First Year July of repair process, November, Second Year July, November) each sampling 1 time, be used for understanding soil remediation progress.
Xia Wan port, the clear water pool, experimental example zhuzhou,hunan city sewage draining exit, the sewage emitting strong chemical drugs stink pours Xiang River. The industrial park, Xia Wan port on bank, emits the factories with their forests of chimneys of white cigarette, and sky piles dusky white clouds, and sunlight seems that some obscures. Being referred to as the Xiang River in " Rhine, east " and also enduring heavy metal pollution pain to the fullest extent, for Xiang River (Zhuzhou) Xia Wan port section, the content of beary metal such as the cadmium of sewage draining exit downstream bed mud, lead exceeds standard 1800 times, 52 times. And soil area especially that Xiangjiang River basin is subject to heavy metal pollution is huge. Official's data show, Hunan the whole province is reached 28000 hectares by the land area of heavy metal pollution, accounts for the 13% of the whole province's gross area. Since the Tenth Five-year plan is implemented, the hydrargyrum in Hunan, cadmium, chromium, plumbous discharge capacity position rank first in the country; Arsenic (arsenicum) occupies second after ranking Gansu; The discharge capacity of sulfur dioxide and chemical oxygen consumption (COC) occupies the leading place in the whole country. At 5 months of Xiang River dry season, " Chang Zhu Tan " section cadmium concentration severe overweight. Statistical data shows, Hunan the whole province is subject to " ore deposit poison " and the land area of heavy metal pollution reaches 28000 hectares, accounts for the 13% of the whole province's gross area. In 14, Hunan city, state, there are 8 to be in Xiangjiang River basin, are contaminated more than the production of 40,000,000 people, domestic water.
For the heavy metal pollution state in Hunan Province, comprehensively utilizing restorative procedure with the animals and plants of the heavy-metal contaminated soil of embodiment 3 and do enforcement experiment, in August, 2011, we have selected and pollute especially serious zhuzhou, hunan province city Chaling County as implementing place. We have chosen 100 mu of severe heavy metal pollution region selectively, first measures the content of heavy metal in soil Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg, manually removes weeds, shrub, use sufficient fertilizer with the time in time of the year when autumn changes into winter then by the consumption of 620 kgs/acre.Deep ploughing 45cm, makes soil weathering, and freeze to death the insect that survives the winter, and it is broken that rake thoroughly is ploughed in soil. When temperature on average reaches more than 10 DEG C after soil defrosting in spring, transplant mulberry. The mode adopting dibbling transplants the annual seedling of mulberry, line-spacing 3 meters, spacing in the rows 1.3 meters. Digging cave field planting, footpath, cave is 0.6 meter, deep 0.55 meter of cave. After transplanting, fill once permeable, after pouring water, train one layer of thin soil immediately. Later in conjunction with weather condition, water in time, it is to avoid arid. Topdress to nursery stock in early or mid May, digging semilune ditch from nursery stock 25cm place, by every mu execute carbamide 20kg, the amount of calcium superphosphate 30kg is topdressed. Mid or late June every mu executes ammonium hydrogen carbonate 80kg and adds calcium superphosphate 20kg, imposes ammonium sulfate 50kg mid-July every mu, suitably pours water in conjunction with weather during fertilising. When temperature reaches more than 15 DEG C, after moistening for the soil irrigation of mulberry, throwing in peaceful No. two Lumbricuss, input density is 1.0kg/m2, and during reparation, summer high-temperature weather at least spills a water mulching straw moisturizing every day; 4 days seasons of spring and autumn sprinkle water once. Earthworm bioaccumulation repair process collection in one month summer once becomes earthworm, each first quarter moon was collected and was once become earthworm (to adopt natural lighting collecting method to collect vermis: to use little rake season in spring and autumn, shovel out the thick earthworm bed soil of topsoil 20cm, stack on a plastic film after loose, Lumbricus is because keeping in dark place, plastic sheeting can be displaced downwardly to gradually, topsoil is wiped off gradually and puts back to earthworm bed, collect vermis finally by crossing sieve method). Original soil Hui Pu after Lumbricus collection, and throw in a certain amount of earthworm kind, make earthworm kind quantity in soil keep balance with first phase injected volume, meanwhile, one processes fertilizer of cycle interpolation, and addition is 230 kgs/acre. Enter time of the year when autumn changes into winter temperature lower than 10 DEG C after all of Lumbricus is collected, the Lumbricus of collection by danger refuse process. First time in Lumbricus repair process is re-introduced into Cu after reclaiming Lumbricus2+There is the Boehmeria of super summation, fast growth, transplant by the seeding row spacing of 40cm �� 20cm, water in good time. When the time of the year when autumn changes into winter, season collected Lumbricus for the last time, Boehmeria plant is connected root entirety and removes, adopt burning disposal. Second Year is reintroduced back to Lumbricus and Boehmeria with repairing spring, before repairing ground introducing Lumbricus, uses sufficient organic agriculture miscellaneous fertilizers by the consumption of 400 kgs/acre, and it is broken that rake thoroughly is ploughed in soil. Time and method are ibid. Whole repair process is First Year March to Second Year November, the time of 20 totally months.
In contaminated soil remediation process 4th month, 8 months, 16 months and 20th month (namely the First Year July of repair process, November, Second Year July, November) each sampling 1 time, be used for understanding soil remediation progress. Contaminated soil sample adopts quincunx to layout method collection, gathers the topsoil soils of the 15cm degree of depth and the lower soil of the 30cm degree of depth respectively. Each sampling point repeated sampling 3 times, takes its meansigma methods, and the content of beary metal of whole trial zone is the meansigma methods of each sampling point content of beary metal. Crossing 2mm sieve after soil sample air-dry, assay method performs with reference to GB15618-1995 " standard of soil environment quality ". Result is following table such as.
Table 1.
Table 2.
Known with reference to " standard of soil environment quality ": the standard of severe heavy-metal contaminated soil is that Cd content is higher than 0.9mg/kg higher than 116mg/kg, Pb content higher than 170.9mg/kg, Hg content higher than 3.5mg/kg, Cu content; The standard of slight heavy-metal contaminated soil be Cd content lower than 1.6mg/kg, Cu content lower than 70.4mg/kg, Pb content lower than 80.1mg/kg, Hg content lower than 0.7mg/kg.
From table 1-2 it can be seen that Cd soil before implementing, Cu, Pb and Hg content be all significantly larger than the standard of severe heavy metal pollution, especially the content of Hg is almost 7 times of severe soil pollution by heavy metal standard. The healthy composition of local people is greatly threatened, causes that heavy metal severe event takes place frequently. And after the animals and plants using heavy-metal contaminated soil of the present invention comprehensively utilize restorative procedure 20 months, various content of beary metal significantly reduce, wherein, repair the content of beary metal Cd of ground 15cm degree of depth topsoil soils to be reduced to 36.49mg/kg, Pb to 0.58mg/kg, Cu by 185.58mg/kg and be reduced to 43.21mg/kg, Hg by 263.66mg/kg by 4.41mg/kg is relatively low and be also reduced to 0.32mg/kg by 5.68mg/kg; Repair the content of beary metal Cd of ground 30cm degree of depth topsoil soils to be reduced to 36.18mg/kg, Pb to 0.62mg/kg, Cu by 165.58mg/kg and be reduced to 49.21mg/kg, Hg by 182.66mg/kg by 4.58mg/kg is relatively low and be also reduced to 0.38mg/kg by 6.83mg/kg. Can be seen that the method effect highly significant for restoration of soil polluted by heavy metal of the present invention, it is below the mark that the content of each heavy metal has all been reduced to slight pollution, is suitable for large range promotion use.
With the above-mentioned desirable embodiment according to the present invention for enlightenment, by above-mentioned description, relevant staff in the scope not necessarily departing from this invention technological thought, can carry out various change and amendment completely. The technical scope of this invention is not limited to the content in description, it is necessary to determine its technical scope according to right.
Claims (1)
1. the animals and plants comprehensive utilization restorative procedure of heavy-metal contaminated soil, is characterized in that, step is as follows:
(1) selected heavy-metal contaminated soil to be repaired, manually removes weeds, shrub, and the time in time of the year when autumn changes into winter uses sufficient, by the consumption of 420-800 kg/acre, the organic agriculture miscellaneous fertilizers that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and deep plough 35-55cm, makes soil weathering, and freeze to death the insect that survives the winter, and it is broken that rake thoroughly is ploughed in soil;
(2) when after the defrosting of soil in spring, temperature on average reaches more than 10 DEG C, transplant the woody fast-growing arbor mulberry with enriching heavy metal ability, the mode adopting interlacing dibbling transplants the annual seedling of mulberry, line-spacing 2.2-3.2 rice, spacing in the rows 1.1-1.4 rice, digging cave field planting, footpath, cave is 0.55-0.65 rice, the deep 0.45-0.6 rice in cave; After transplanting, fill once permeable, make seedling root be combined with soil tightr, after pouring water, train one layer of thin soil immediately, prevent and treat soil compaction and dry and cracked, later in conjunction with weather condition, water in time, it is to avoid arid, mid or late May-June nursery stock root growth very fast, therefore topdress to nursery stock in early or mid May, digging semilune ditch from nursery stock 20-30cm place, by every mu execute carbamide 15kg, the amount of calcium superphosphate 25kg is topdressed; Mid or late June nursery stock initially enters Fast-growing stage, executes carbamide 18kg or ammonium hydrogen carbonate 90kg for every mu and adds calcium superphosphate 25kg, mid or late July-by the end of August, it is the Fast-growing stage of nursery stock, needs every mu and impose the potash fertilizer 18kg such as potassium chloride, suitably pour water in conjunction with weather during fertilising;
(3) after having transplanted, when temperature reaches more than 15 DEG C, introduce Lumbricus repair process, collect Lumbricus afterwards;
(4), after the collection of the first time in Lumbricus repair process Lumbricus, introduce Cu2+There is the herbaceous plant Boehmeria of super summation, fast growth, adopt the mode of interval hedge planting, transplant by the seeding row spacing of 25cm �� 15cm, water after transplanting in good time, strengthen the enrichment to thin solum copper ion, afterwards Boehmeria plant is connected root entirety and remove;Second Year is reintroduced back to Lumbricus and Boehmeria with repairing spring, before repairing ground introducing Lumbricus, use sufficient organic agriculture miscellaneous fertilizers, it is broken that rake thoroughly is ploughed in soil, ibid, whole repair process is First Year March to Second Year November, the time of 20 totally months for time and method, before contaminated soil remediation starts and in repair process 4th month, 8 months, 16 months and 20th month (namely the First Year July of repair process, November, Second Year July, November) each sampling 1 time, be used for understanding soil remediation progress;
The described Lumbricus repair process of step (3), it is after soil irrigation is moistened, throw in peaceful No. two Lumbricuss, input density is 0.5-2.0kg/m2, Lumbricus ingests by ceaselessly wriggling, and related earth is taken in internal so that heavy metal stops in vivo and is enriched with, during reparation, summer high-temperature weather at least spills a water mulching straw moisturizing every day, 4-5 days season of spring and autumn sprinkles water once, the water spilt is even, carefully, impulse force is little, one month summer, collection once became earthworm, each first quarter moon was collected and was once become earthworm season in spring and autumn, original soil Hui Pu after Lumbricus collection, and throw in a certain amount of earthworm kind, make earthworm kind quantity in soil equal with first phase injected volume, simultaneously, one processes fertilizer of cycle interpolation, addition is 200-250 kg/acre, enter time of the year when autumn changes into winter temperature lower than 10 DEG C after all of Lumbricus is collected, natural lighting collecting method is adopted to collect vermis: to use little rake, shovel out the thick earthworm bed soil of topsoil 20cm, stack on a plastic film after loose, Lumbricus keeps in dark place, plastic sheeting can be displaced downwardly to gradually, topsoil is wiped off gradually and puts back to earthworm bed, vermis is collected finally by crossing sieve method.
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