CN104289504B - A kind of method for comprehensive repairing of heavy-metal contaminated soil - Google Patents
A kind of method for comprehensive repairing of heavy-metal contaminated soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN104289504B CN104289504B CN201410557266.6A CN201410557266A CN104289504B CN 104289504 B CN104289504 B CN 104289504B CN 201410557266 A CN201410557266 A CN 201410557266A CN 104289504 B CN104289504 B CN 104289504B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method for comprehensive repairing of heavy-metal contaminated soil.Adopt to the various heavy such as Cu, Pb, Cd and Zn have obvious fixation woody fast-growing arbor fortune paulownia and to Cu
2+there is super summation, comprehensive plant recovery technique that the herbaceous plant elsholtzia splendens of fast growth combines, be aided with animal (earthworm) recovery technique simultaneously, to reach the effect of the highest removing heavy metal pollution of soil, achieve the biology in situ reparation to soil smoothly, and effectively preventing pollution thing directly enters food chain, can not produce secondary pollution to soil.It is a kind of have good environmentally friendly, with low cost, for the reparation of heavy-metal contaminated soil, there is effect significantly, the fertility of heavy-metal contaminated soil can be improved, be easy to the method for comprehensive repairing of the heavy-metal contaminated soil of spread.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to soil remediation method field, particularly relate to a kind of method for comprehensive repairing of heavy-metal contaminated soil.
Background technology
Along with the fast development of global economy, the pollutant containing heavy metal enters soil by all means, causes the enrichment of corresponding heavy metal element in soil.Soil pollution not only affects agricultural output and quality, and relates to air and quality of water environment, and endangers the life and health of animals and humans by food chain, and that is, soil pollution has influence on the quality of whole human survival.Domestic and international mainly through two kinds of approach improvement heavy metal pollution of soil at present: one is activating means, by increasing heavy metal-polluted soil dissolubility and animal migration, recycles, and reduces heavy metal in soil content; Another kind is passivation means, by changing the existing forms of heavy metal in soil, reduces the absorption of crop heavy metal.Current, in agricultural production, select suitable crop varieties, enrich can be heavy metal-passivated fertilizer or soil conditioner, plantation focus on after not entering the plant Adsorption of Heavy Metals of food chain and adjust the measures such as pattern of farming, meet the development level of present stage China's agricultural, should suit measures to local conditions to apply.
The soil restoring technology grown up both at home and abroad is a lot, they can be divided into according to its repair mode: original position (in-situ) is repaired and dystopy (ex-situ) repairs two kinds.Showering is dug out by contaminated soil to focus on.Common showering technology has: the multiple methods such as extraction, burning disposal, heat treatment and bioreactor.This is early stage conventional method.Because this method relates to shoveling and muck haulage, thus it have processing cost high, can not treating depth pollute (as pollutant infiltrates zone of saturation soil and underground water) soil, soil below building can not be processed, the shortcomings such as native soil structure and ecological environment can be destroyed.Developed multiple based technique for in-situ remediation in recent years abroad.The method that in-situ immobilization is directly repaired contaminated soil under referring to condition at the scene.Common based technique for in-situ remediation has: original position gaseous phase extraction technology, biology in situ recovery technique, original position soil cleaning technique, original position Electroremediation technology, original position electromagnetic wave heating technology, original position vitrification etc.No matter be in-situ immobilization or showering, their general principle is: change the existing forms of pollutant in soil, thus reduce its toxicity; The enrichment of some special biology to pollutant is utilized to be removed from soil by pollutant.Can be divided three classes again according to Principles soil restoring technology: (1) transforms the existing forms of heavy metal contaminants in soil, removes or reduces its toxicity.The advantage of these class methods is: method is simple; Shortcoming is: process is not thorough, and heavy metal is still present in soil, and it exists potential toxicity, threatens human health.Soil improvement, soil replacement method, vitrification all belong to these class methods.(2) Ecological Measures.The advantage of these class methods is: expense is low; Shortcoming is: long processing period, and the organism (bacterium or plant) of enriching heavy metal need further process, and can not enter food chain.(3) heavy metal contaminants is removed from soil.The advantage of these class methods is: process relatively thorough; Shortcoming is: disposal cost is slightly high, equipment relative complex.Hot repair is multiple, gaseous phase extraction technology, extraction, Electroremediation belong to this class methods.
Application publication number CN101724404A(application number 200910193692) Chinese patent literature disclose a kind of heavy metal contaminated soil conditioner and plant and chemistry combined remediation method.Described heavy metal contaminated soil conditioner is the mixture of red mud and white lime.Invention utilizes plant and chemical combined repairing method, by chemical method, soil is carried out to pH adjustment, carries out heavy metal-polluted soil absorption etc. by plantation energy crop and over-accumulated plant etc.Authorization Notice No. CN101947539B(application number 201010248855.8) Chinese patent literature disclose a kind of soil remediation method processing heavy metal contaminants, by heavy metal in soil content height, soil is divided into three classes, i.e. serious pollution soil, intermediate pollution soil and light contamination soil, the described soil remediation method for serious pollution soil comprises and first carries out chemical leaching, then carries out earthworm bioaccumulation reparation and phytoremediation; The described soil remediation method for intermediate pollution soil comprises earthworm bioaccumulation reparation and phytoremediation; The described soil remediation method for light contamination soil is phytoremediation.The Chinese patent literature of application publication number CN103484125A (application number 201310477113.6) discloses a kind of soil conditioner and the modification method for heavy metal lead pollution soil, relates to a kind of soil conditioner.Soil conditioner is solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal, and at 400 DEG C, the element set of starvation pyrolysis 30min gained becomes C, H, N, K, P, Mg, Ca, Si and O.Described soil conditioner adopts following methods preparation: by bamboo shoot shell cleaning, drying, pulverize in rear loading pyrolysis oven, starvation pyrolysis 20 ~ 40min at 380 ~ 420 DEG C, living beings bamboo shoot shell obtains solid bamboo shoot shell base charcoal through super-dry, pre-charing, charing.Modification method is as follows: by soil conditioner with 2.5% ~ 10% mass fraction be added in heavy metal lead pollution soil, add water to 70% of field soil saturation moisture capacity, moisture loss is prevented with plastic film covering, and a gas port is opened at interval of 5cm place on film, add water the moisture supplementing and scatter and disappear for every 2 ~ 3 days, take out air-dry after cultivating, obtain improvement soil.
Heavy metal pollution of soil engineering measure used such as soil moved in improve the original method, soil replacement method, deep ploughing are digged method, solidification, stabilization method, Electroremediation method etc., there is advantage that is stable, instant effect, but there is the shortcomings such as quantities is large, investment cost is high, secondary pollution hidden danger, be not suitable for the improvement of pollution in wide area soil.Heavy metal pollution of soil effect of plant restoration is very undesirable.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of have good environmentally friendly, with low cost, for the reparation of heavy-metal contaminated soil, there is effect significantly, the fertility of heavy-metal contaminated soil can be improved and can not secondary pollution be produced, being easy to the method for comprehensive repairing of the heavy-metal contaminated soil of spread.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A method for comprehensive repairing for heavy-metal contaminated soil, step is as follows:
(1) selected heavy-metal contaminated soil to be repaired, manually weeds a garden, shrub, the time in time of the year when autumn changes into winter by the consumption of 400 ~ 800 kgs/acre use sufficient the organic agriculture miscellaneous fertilizers that becomes thoroughly decomposed (preferred, use sufficient by the consumptions of 500 ~ 700 kgs/acre the organic agriculture miscellaneous fertilizers that becomes thoroughly decomposed; Be more preferably, use sufficient by the consumptions of 600 kgs/acre the organic agriculture miscellaneous fertilizers that becomes thoroughly decomposed), deep ploughing 35 ~ 55cm(is preferred, deep ploughing 40 ~ 50cm; Be more preferably, deep ploughing 45cm), make soil weathering, freeze to death the insect that survives the winter, and it is broken that rake is thoroughly ploughed in soil;
(2) spring soil thaw after temperature on average when reaching more than 10 DEG C, transplant the woody fast-growing arbor fortune paulownia with enriching heavy metal ability.The mode of interlacing dibbling is adopted to transplant the annual seedling of fortune paulownia, line-spacing 2.5 ~ 3.5 meters, and spacing in the rows 1.2 ~ 1.8 meters (preferred, line-spacing 3 meters, spacing in the rows 1.5 meters), dig cave field planting, footpath, cave is 0.5 ~ 0.8 meter, dark 0.4 ~ 0.6 meter of cave (preferred, footpath, cave is 0.6 meter, dark 0.5 meter of cave).After transplanting, fill with once permeable, seedling root is combined with soil tightr, after pouring water, trains one deck thin soil immediately, control soil compaction and dry and cracked, later in conjunction with weather condition, water in time, avoid arid, mid or late May ~ June nursery stock root growth very fast, therefore topdress to nursery stock in early or mid May, digging semilune ditch from nursery stock 20 ~ 30cm place, topdressing by every mu of ammonium sulfate 30kg; Mid or late June, nursery stock started to enter Fast-growing stage, executed ammonium phosphate 40 ~ 50kg for every mu, mid or late July ~ by the end of August, be the Fast-growing stage of nursery stock, need every mu and execute ammonium sulfate 70kg, suitably pour water in conjunction with weather during fertilising.
(3) after having transplanted, when temperature reaches more than 15 DEG C, introduce earthworm repair process, after moistening by soil irrigation, throw in peaceful No. two earthworms, input density is 0.5 ~ 2.0kg/m
2(preferably throwing in density is 0.8 ~ 1.5kg/m
2; Be more preferably, input density is 1.0kg/m
2), earthworm ingests by ceaselessly wriggling, and related earth is taken in body, and heavy metal is stopped and enrichment in vivo, and during reparation, summer high-temperature weather at least spills a water every day, and mulching straw moisturizing; Once, the water spilt is even, thin, impulse force is little, and one month summer, collection once became earthworm in watering in 4 ~ 5 days seasons of spring and autumn, and each first quarter moon was collected and once become earthworm season in spring and autumn.Adopt natural lighting collecting method to collect vermis: to use little rake, shovel out the earthworm bed soil that topsoil 20cm is thick, stack on a plastic film after loose, earthworm keeps in dark place, plastic sheeting being displaced downwardly to gradually, topsoil being wiped off gradually and puts back to earthworm bed, collecting vermis finally by crossing sieve method.Earthworm collects rear original soil Hui Pu, and throws in a certain amount of earthworm kind, and make earthworm kind quantity in soil equal with first phase injected volume, meanwhile, a treatment cycle adds a fertilizer, and addition is 20 ~ 25kg/m
2, enter time of the year when autumn changes into winter temperature and after 10 DEG C, all earthworms collected;
(4) first time in earthworm repair process introduces Cu after collecting earthworm
2+there is the herbaceous plant elsholtzia splendens of super summation, fast growth, strengthen the enrichment to thin solum copper ion.Adopt the mode of interval hedge planting, transplant by the seeding row spacing of 45cm × 25cm, water after transplanting in good time, 8, full-bloom stage in September time elsholtzia splendens plant connected root entirety remove;
Second Year is reintroduced back to earthworm and elsholtzia splendens with repairing spring, before repairing ground introducing earthworm, use sufficient organic agriculture miscellaneous fertilizers, it is broken that rake is thoroughly ploughed in soil, time and method the same, whole repair process is First Year March to Second Year November, the time of 20 totally months, 4th month before contaminated soil remediation starts and in repair process, 8 months, 16 months and 20th month (i.e. First Year July of repair process, November, Second Year July, November) each sampling 1 time, for understanding soil remediation progress.
The effect of the present invention's primary raw material used is as follows:
Become thoroughly decomposed organic agriculture miscellaneous fertilizers: the organic agriculture miscellaneous fertilizers that becomes thoroughly decomposed (fertilizer by forming through the poultry of fermentation maturity, animal waste and stalk).Effect: the base manure being intended for phytoremediation plant used, two are intended for the feed that animal repairs earthworm used.
Earthworm: earthworm lives in soil, with feces of livestock and poultry and debirs rubbish for food, together swallows together with earth, and also the fragment such as cauline leaf of feeding plant, can improve venting quality and the transparent performance of soil, be beneficial to crop metabolism-growth.Can soil be improved, build up fertility.In addition, containing a large amount of protein and fat in the health of earthworm, nutritive value is very high, is the good feed of letting animals feed.
Fortune paulownia: fortune paulownia is a kind of happiness sun fast-growing arbor originating in China, has been transplanted to North America, Europe, Australia and the area such as Japanese at present.Find after deliberation, fortune paulownia has obvious fixation to various heavy such as Cu, Pb, Cd and Zn, and fixing particularly to Pb, reach super concentration level, therefore, fortune paulownia can be considered to the super enriching plant of corresponding heavy metal.
Elsholtzia splendens: elsholtzia splendens belongs to tubular flower order, the upright draft of Labiatae is high 30 ~ 50 centimetres.Stem is upright, dirty yellow purple, leaf egg shape triangle, and ovum shape Long Circle is to oval shape lanceolar or lanceolar, and petiole is longer on stem middle leaf, upwards shortens, bract subcircular or wide oval, the rose-red purple of corolla, pyrene Long Circle, flower, really 9 ~ November of phase.Be born in hill, be distributed in the ground such as Liaoning, Shandong, Hebei, have the title of " copper weed ".Elsholtzia splendens reduces copper in topsoil, zinc, plumbous concentration by plant extraction effect, thus provides the living environment be relatively suitable for for other plant.
The method for comprehensive repairing of heavy-metal contaminated soil provided by the invention is with low cost.In addition, excellent results of the present invention also shows:
1, organic agriculture miscellaneous fertilizers can significantly improve the fertility of metallic pollution soil, and convenience of drawing materials, economy;
2, adopt to the various heavy such as Cu, Pb, Cd and Zn have obvious fixation woody fast-growing arbor fortune paulownia and to Cu
2+there is super summation, comprehensive plant recovery technique that the herbaceous plant elsholtzia splendens of fast growth combines, be aided with animal (earthworm) recovery technique simultaneously, to reach the effect of the highest removing heavy metal pollution of soil, achieve the biology in situ reparation to soil smoothly, and effectively preventing pollution thing directly enters food chain, can not produce secondary pollution to soil;
3, the reparation for heavy-metal contaminated soil has effect significantly;
4, have good environmentally friendly, be easy to spread.
Detailed description of the invention
Describe technical scheme of the present invention in detail below in conjunction with embodiment and experimental example, but protection domain is not limited thereto.
embodiment 1a method for comprehensive repairing for heavy-metal contaminated soil, step is as follows:
(1) selected heavy-metal contaminated soil to be repaired, manually weeds a garden, shrub, and the time in time of the year when autumn changes into winter uses sufficient the organic agriculture miscellaneous fertilizers that becomes thoroughly decomposed, deep ploughing 35cm by the consumption of 400 kgs/acre, and make soil weathering, freeze to death the insect that survives the winter, and it is broken that rake is thoroughly ploughed in soil;
(2) spring soil thaw after temperature on average when reaching more than 10 DEG C, transplant the woody fast-growing arbor fortune paulownia with enriching heavy metal ability.Adopt the mode of interlacing dibbling to transplant the annual seedling of fortune paulownia, line-spacing 2.5 meters, spacing in the rows 1.2 meters, digs cave field planting, and footpath, cave is 0.5 meter, dark 0.4 meter of cave.After transplanting, fill with once permeable, seedling root is combined with soil tightr, after pouring water, trains one deck thin soil immediately, control soil compaction and dry and cracked, later in conjunction with weather condition, water in time, avoid arid, mid or late May ~ June nursery stock root growth very fast, therefore topdress to nursery stock in early or mid May, digging semilune ditch from nursery stock 20 ~ 30cm place, topdressing by every mu of ammonium sulfate 30kg; Mid or late June, nursery stock started to enter Fast-growing stage, executed ammonium phosphate 40 ~ 50kg for every mu, mid or late July ~ by the end of August, be the Fast-growing stage of nursery stock, need every mu and execute ammonium sulfate 70kg, suitably pour water in conjunction with weather during fertilising.
(3) after having transplanted, when temperature reaches more than 15 DEG C, introduce earthworm repair process, after moistening by soil irrigation, throw in peaceful No. two earthworms, input density is 0.5kg/m
2, earthworm ingests by ceaselessly wriggling, and related earth is taken in body, and heavy metal is stopped and enrichment in vivo, and during reparation, summer high-temperature weather at least spills a water every day, and mulching straw moisturizing; Once, the water spilt is even, thin, impulse force is little, and one month summer, collection once became earthworm in watering in 4 ~ 5 days seasons of spring and autumn, and each first quarter moon was collected and once become earthworm season in spring and autumn.Adopt natural lighting collecting method to collect vermis: to use little rake, shovel out the earthworm bed soil that topsoil 20cm is thick, stack on a plastic film after loose, earthworm keeps in dark place, plastic sheeting being displaced downwardly to gradually, topsoil being wiped off gradually and puts back to earthworm bed, collecting vermis finally by crossing sieve method.Earthworm collects rear original soil Hui Pu, and throws in a certain amount of earthworm kind, and make earthworm kind quantity in soil equal with first phase injected volume, meanwhile, a treatment cycle adds a fertilizer, and addition is 20 ~ 25kg/m
2, enter time of the year when autumn changes into winter temperature and after 10 DEG C, all earthworms collected;
(4) first time in earthworm repair process introduces Cu after collecting earthworm
2+there is the herbaceous plant elsholtzia splendens of super summation, fast growth, strengthen the enrichment to thin solum copper ion.Adopt the mode of interval hedge planting, transplant by the seeding row spacing of 45cm × 25cm, water after transplanting in good time, 8, full-bloom stage in September time elsholtzia splendens plant connected root entirety remove;
Second Year is reintroduced back to earthworm and elsholtzia splendens with repairing spring, before repairing ground introducing earthworm, use sufficient organic agriculture miscellaneous fertilizers, it is broken that rake is thoroughly ploughed in soil, time and method the same, whole repair process is First Year March to Second Year November, the time of 20 totally months, 4th month before contaminated soil remediation starts and in repair process, 8 months, 16 months and 20th month (i.e. First Year July of repair process, November, Second Year July, November) each sampling 1 time, for understanding soil remediation progress.
embodiment 2a method for comprehensive repairing for heavy-metal contaminated soil, step is as follows:
(1) selected heavy-metal contaminated soil to be repaired, manually weeds a garden, shrub, and the time in time of the year when autumn changes into winter uses sufficient the organic agriculture miscellaneous fertilizers that becomes thoroughly decomposed, deep ploughing 55cm by the consumption of 800 kgs/acre, and make soil weathering, freeze to death the insect that survives the winter, and it is broken that rake is thoroughly ploughed in soil;
(2) spring soil thaw after temperature on average when reaching more than 10 DEG C, transplant the woody fast-growing arbor fortune paulownia with enriching heavy metal ability.Adopt the mode of interlacing dibbling to transplant the annual seedling of fortune paulownia, line-spacing 3.5 meters, spacing in the rows 1.8 meters, digs cave field planting, and footpath, cave is 0.8 meter, dark 0.6 meter of cave.After transplanting, fill with once permeable, seedling root is combined with soil tightr, after pouring water, trains one deck thin soil immediately, control soil compaction and dry and cracked, later in conjunction with weather condition, water in time, avoid arid, mid or late May ~ June nursery stock root growth very fast, therefore topdress to nursery stock in early or mid May, digging semilune ditch from nursery stock 20 ~ 30cm place, topdressing by every mu of ammonium sulfate 30kg; Mid or late June, nursery stock started to enter Fast-growing stage, executed ammonium phosphate 40 ~ 50kg for every mu, mid or late July ~ by the end of August, be the Fast-growing stage of nursery stock, need every mu and execute ammonium sulfate 70kg, suitably pour water in conjunction with weather during fertilising.
(3) after having transplanted, when temperature reaches more than 15 DEG C, introduce earthworm repair process, after moistening by soil irrigation, throw in peaceful No. two earthworms, input density is 2.0kg/m
2, earthworm ingests by ceaselessly wriggling, and related earth is taken in body, and heavy metal is stopped and enrichment in vivo, and during reparation, summer high-temperature weather at least spills a water every day, and mulching straw moisturizing; Once, the water spilt is even, thin, impulse force is little, and one month summer, collection once became earthworm in watering in 4 ~ 5 days seasons of spring and autumn, and each first quarter moon was collected and once become earthworm season in spring and autumn.Adopt natural lighting collecting method to collect vermis: to use little rake, shovel out the earthworm bed soil that topsoil 20cm is thick, stack on a plastic film after loose, earthworm keeps in dark place, plastic sheeting being displaced downwardly to gradually, topsoil being wiped off gradually and puts back to earthworm bed, collecting vermis finally by crossing sieve method.Earthworm collects rear original soil Hui Pu, and throws in a certain amount of earthworm kind, and make earthworm kind quantity in soil equal with first phase injected volume, meanwhile, a treatment cycle adds a fertilizer, and addition is 20 ~ 25kg/m
2, enter time of the year when autumn changes into winter temperature and after 10 DEG C, all earthworms collected;
(4) first time in earthworm repair process introduces Cu after collecting earthworm
2+there is the herbaceous plant elsholtzia splendens of super summation, fast growth, strengthen the enrichment to thin solum copper ion.Adopt the mode of interval hedge planting, transplant by the seeding row spacing of 45cm × 25cm, water after transplanting in good time, 8, full-bloom stage in September time elsholtzia splendens plant connected root entirety remove;
Second Year is reintroduced back to earthworm and elsholtzia splendens with repairing spring, before repairing ground introducing earthworm, use sufficient organic agriculture miscellaneous fertilizers, it is broken that rake is thoroughly ploughed in soil, time and method the same, whole repair process is First Year March to Second Year November, the time of 20 totally months, 4th month before contaminated soil remediation starts and in repair process, 8 months, 16 months and 20th month (i.e. First Year July of repair process, November, Second Year July, November) each sampling 1 time, for understanding soil remediation progress.
embodiment 3a method for comprehensive repairing for heavy-metal contaminated soil, step is as follows:
(1) selected heavy-metal contaminated soil to be repaired, manually weeds a garden, shrub, and the time in time of the year when autumn changes into winter uses sufficient the organic agriculture miscellaneous fertilizers that becomes thoroughly decomposed, deep ploughing 45cm by the consumption of 600 kgs/acre, and make soil weathering, freeze to death the insect that survives the winter, and it is broken that rake is thoroughly ploughed in soil;
(2) spring soil thaw after temperature on average when reaching more than 10 DEG C, transplant the woody fast-growing arbor fortune paulownia with enriching heavy metal ability.Adopt the mode of interlacing dibbling to transplant the annual seedling of fortune paulownia, line-spacing 3 meters, spacing in the rows 1.5 meters, digs cave field planting, and footpath, cave is 0.6 meter, dark 0.5 meter of cave.After transplanting, fill with once permeable, seedling root is combined with soil tightr, after pouring water, trains one deck thin soil immediately, control soil compaction and dry and cracked, later in conjunction with weather condition, water in time, avoid arid, mid or late May ~ June nursery stock root growth very fast, therefore topdress to nursery stock in early or mid May, digging semilune ditch from nursery stock 20 ~ 30cm place, topdressing by every mu of ammonium sulfate 30kg; Mid or late June, nursery stock started to enter Fast-growing stage, executed ammonium phosphate 40 ~ 50kg for every mu, mid or late July ~ by the end of August, be the Fast-growing stage of nursery stock, need every mu and execute ammonium sulfate 70kg, suitably pour water in conjunction with weather during fertilising.
(3) after having transplanted, when temperature reaches more than 15 DEG C, introduce earthworm repair process, after moistening by soil irrigation, throw in peaceful No. two earthworms, input density is 1.0kg/m
2, earthworm ingests by ceaselessly wriggling, and related earth is taken in body, and heavy metal is stopped and enrichment in vivo, and during reparation, summer high-temperature weather at least spills a water every day, and mulching straw moisturizing; Once, the water spilt is even, thin, impulse force is little, and one month summer, collection once became earthworm in watering in 4 ~ 5 days seasons of spring and autumn, and each first quarter moon was collected and once become earthworm season in spring and autumn.Adopt natural lighting collecting method to collect vermis: to use little rake, shovel out the earthworm bed soil that topsoil 20cm is thick, stack on a plastic film after loose, earthworm keeps in dark place, plastic sheeting being displaced downwardly to gradually, topsoil being wiped off gradually and puts back to earthworm bed, collecting vermis finally by crossing sieve method.Earthworm collects rear original soil Hui Pu, and throws in a certain amount of earthworm kind, and make earthworm kind quantity in soil equal with first phase injected volume, meanwhile, a treatment cycle adds a fertilizer, and addition is 20 ~ 25kg/m
2, enter time of the year when autumn changes into winter temperature and after 10 DEG C, all earthworms collected;
(4) first time in earthworm repair process introduces Cu after collecting earthworm
2+there is the herbaceous plant elsholtzia splendens of super summation, fast growth, strengthen the enrichment to thin solum copper ion.Adopt the mode of interval hedge planting, transplant by the seeding row spacing of 45cm × 25cm, water after transplanting in good time, 8, full-bloom stage in September time elsholtzia splendens plant connected root entirety remove;
Second Year is reintroduced back to earthworm and elsholtzia splendens with repairing spring, before repairing ground introducing earthworm, use sufficient organic agriculture miscellaneous fertilizers, it is broken that rake is thoroughly ploughed in soil, time and method the same, whole repair process is First Year March to Second Year November, the time of 20 totally months, 4th month before contaminated soil remediation starts and in repair process, 8 months, 16 months and 20th month (i.e. First Year July of repair process, November, Second Year July, November) each sampling 1 time, for understanding soil remediation progress.
test example 1: in order to verify that the method for comprehensive repairing of embodiment 3 heavy-metal contaminated soil used is for the repairing effect of heavy-metal contaminated soil, tests.Guangzhou heavy-metal contaminated soil is selected from, area 2400m for examination soil
2(60m × 40m).This ground is positioned at edge, Delta of the Pearl River alluvial plain, belongs to hills and low-lying geomorphic unit, and hypsography is little, and the general physical features discrepancy in elevation is in 20 meters.Monsoon climatic region, genus subtropical zone, region.Contaminated soil sample adopts quincunx to layout method collection, gathers the topsoil soils of the 15cm degree of depth and the lower soil of the 30cm degree of depth respectively.Each sampling point repeated sampling 3 times, gets its mean value, and the content of beary metal of whole trial zone is the mean value of each sampling point content of beary metal.After soil sample air-dry, reject the impurity such as root system of plant, chip, rolled 2mm sieve, contacting metal utensil is not in order to avoid sample is polluted, general employing agate mortar and nylon screen.Table 1 and table 2 are respectively the topsoil soils of repairing the ground 15cm degree of depth and 30cm degree of depth lower soil repairs front and back content of beary metal.With GB15618-1995 " standard of soil environment quality " for evaluation criterion.Standard of soil environment quality primary standard specific targets are in table 3.
Table 1. is repaired ground 15cm degree of depth topsoil soils and is repaired front and back content of beary metal (mg/kg)
Table 2. is repaired ground 30cm degree of depth lower soil and is repaired front and back content of beary metal (mg/kg)
Table 3 soil environment quality primary standard (unit: mg/kg)
From table 1 and table 2, in soil, the content of beary metal of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn continues the trend reduced along with the prolongation of repair time presents.The content of beary metal repairing the ground 15cm degree of depth topsoil soils reparation Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn after 20 months reduces 93.36%, 75.11%, 72.62% and 69.31% respectively before repairing.The content of beary metal repairing the ground 30cm degree of depth lower soil reparation Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn after 20 months is reduced to 0.18,33.48,34.38 and 75.27mg/kg respectively.Contrast table 3 can draw, the content of beary metal repairing ground 15cm degree of depth topsoil soils and the reparation ground 30cm degree of depth lower soil reparation Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn after 20 months all reaches soil environment quality primary standard.Result of the test shows, adopts the method for comprehensive repairing of embodiment 3 heavy-metal contaminated soil effectively to repair by heavy metal contaminated soil.
By the repairing effect of test example, method for comprehensive repairing of the present invention not only can passivation contents of many kinds of heavy metal ion, can also the soil of repairing heavy metal pollution, and repairing effect is remarkable.The present invention adopt to the various heavy such as Cu, Pb, Cd and Zn have obvious fixation woody fast-growing arbor fortune paulownia and to Cu
2+there is super summation, comprehensive plant recovery technique that the herbaceous plant elsholtzia splendens of fast growth combines, be aided with animal (earthworm) recovery technique simultaneously, to reach the effect of the highest removing heavy metal pollution of soil, achieve the biology in situ reparation to soil smoothly, and effectively preventing pollution thing directly enters food chain, secondary pollution can not be produced to soil, organic agriculture miscellaneous fertilizers can significantly improve the fertility of metallic pollution soil, and convenience of drawing materials, economy, have good environmentally friendly, with low cost, be easy to spread.
It should be pointed out that detailed description of the invention is the more representational example of the present invention, obvious technical scheme of the present invention is not limited to above-described embodiment, can also have a lot of distortion.Those of ordinary skill in the art, with the present invention clear and definite disclosed or according to undoubted the obtaining of the written description of file, the claimed scope of this patent all should be thought.
Claims (1)
1. a method for comprehensive repairing for heavy-metal contaminated soil, is characterized in that, step is as follows:
(1) selected heavy-metal contaminated soil to be repaired, manually weeds a garden, shrub, and the time in time of the year when autumn changes into winter uses sufficient the organic agriculture miscellaneous fertilizers that becomes thoroughly decomposed, deep ploughing 45cm by the consumption of 600 kgs/acre, and make soil weathering, freeze to death the insect that survives the winter, and it is broken that rake is thoroughly ploughed in soil;
(2) spring soil thaw after temperature on average when reaching more than 10 DEG C, transplant the woody fast-growing arbor fortune paulownia with enriching heavy metal ability; Adopt the mode of interlacing dibbling to transplant the annual seedling of fortune paulownia, line-spacing 3 meters, spacing in the rows 1.5 meters, digs cave field planting, and footpath, cave is 0.6 meter, dark 0.5 meter of cave; After transplanting, fill with once permeable, seedling root is combined with soil tightr, after pouring water, trains one deck thin soil immediately, control soil compaction and dry and cracked, later in conjunction with weather condition, water in time, avoid arid, mid or late May ~ June nursery stock root growth very fast, therefore topdress to nursery stock in early or mid May, digging semilune ditch from nursery stock 20 ~ 30cm place, topdressing by every mu of ammonium sulfate 30kg; Mid or late June, nursery stock started to enter Fast-growing stage, executed ammonium phosphate 40 ~ 50kg for every mu, mid or late July ~ by the end of August, be the Fast-growing stage of nursery stock, need every mu and execute ammonium sulfate 70kg, suitably pour water in conjunction with weather during fertilising;
(3) after having transplanted, when temperature reaches more than 15 DEG C, introduce earthworm repair process, after moistening by soil irrigation, throw in peaceful No. two earthworms, input density is 1.0kg/m
2, earthworm ingests by ceaselessly wriggling, and related earth is taken in body, and heavy metal is stopped and enrichment in vivo, and during reparation, summer high-temperature weather at least spills a water every day, and mulching straw moisturizing; Once, the water spilt is even, thin, impulse force is little, and one month summer, collection once became earthworm in watering in 4 ~ 5 days seasons of spring and autumn, and each first quarter moon was collected and once become earthworm season in spring and autumn; Adopt natural lighting collecting method to collect vermis: to use little rake, shovel out the earthworm bed soil that topsoil 20cm is thick, stack on a plastic film after loose, earthworm keeps in dark place, plastic sheeting being displaced downwardly to gradually, topsoil being wiped off gradually and puts back to earthworm bed, collecting vermis finally by crossing sieve method; Earthworm collects rear original soil Hui Pu, and throws in a certain amount of earthworm kind, and make earthworm kind quantity in soil equal with first phase injected volume, meanwhile, a treatment cycle adds a fertilizer, and addition is 20 ~ 25kg/m
2, enter time of the year when autumn changes into winter temperature and after 10 DEG C, all earthworms collected;
(4) first time in earthworm repair process introduces Cu after collecting earthworm
2+there is the herbaceous plant elsholtzia splendens of super summation, fast growth, strengthen the enrichment to thin solum copper ion; Adopt the mode of interval hedge planting, transplant by the seeding row spacing of 45cm × 25cm, water after transplanting in good time, 8, full-bloom stage in September time elsholtzia splendens plant connected root entirety remove; Second Year is reintroduced back to earthworm and elsholtzia splendens with repairing spring, before repairing ground introducing earthworm, use sufficient organic agriculture miscellaneous fertilizers, it is broken that rake is thoroughly ploughed in soil, time and method the same, whole repair process is First Year March to Second Year November, the time of 20 totally months, within 4th month before contaminated soil remediation starts and in repair process, 8 months, 16 months and 20th month, respectively sample 1 time, for understanding soil remediation progress.
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