CN105601985B - 一种木质素密胺基表面疏水泡沫及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种木质素密胺基表面疏水泡沫及其制备方法。本发明的木质素密胺基表面疏水泡沫以密胺泡沫为载体，异氰酸酯改性的木质素负载在密胺泡沫载体表面，使该泡沫表面具有疏水/亲油功能，内部未被改性的空间可以储存大量的油或者有机物。本发明操作方法简单，制备条件温和，对设备要求低，成本低廉，适于工业化生产。所得亲油/疏水材料不仅可以用在油水分离材料，还可以进行污水净化和能量储存。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于多孔泡沫材料领域，具体涉及一种木质素密胺基表面疏水泡沫及其制备方法。
背景技术
三维多孔油水分离材料具有很强的疏水/亲油特性，其材料可以有效地对油水混合物中的油有选择性的吸收能力，能够处理日益严峻的海上石油泄漏事故和工业有机试剂泄漏事故。
现有的多孔材料疏水改性的传统方法主要有四种：一、疏水性纳米颗粒组装三维多孔材料；二、多孔材料表面构建多级结构；三、多孔材料表面接枝低表面能基团；四、多孔材料表面除去亲水基团。
根据这些传统的方法，具有优异油水分离能力的疏水性多孔材料已经被成功研制出。然而，由于这些材料制备过程中需要大量的昂贵的化学试剂和复杂的的设备，限制其工业化生产。最近通过浸泡-覆盖法在海绵的多孔骨架上覆盖一层疏水性涂层制备出超疏水/亲油的石墨烯改性海绵（Energy & Environmental Science, 2012, 5, 7908-7912）。相比之前，有所改善，但在生产过程中产生大量的酸性污水。因此温和的、环境友好的、经济的、工业化的三维多孔疏水性的油水分离材料有待开发。
木质素，作为生物质材料，廉价易得，并含有多羟基，容易改性。密胺泡沫是三维多孔材料的理想模板，其表面易于化学改性、以及优异的弹性和互通多孔机构。本发明通过溶解的木质素经过简单的改性，吸附在密胺泡沫表面，自然干燥后形成优异的疏水/亲油的油水分离材料。
发明内容
经过研究和实验，本发明以密胺泡沫为载体，表面吸附经过异氰酸酯改性的木质素四氢呋喃溶液，在自然干燥后，得到优异的疏水/亲油的油水分离材料。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案实现。
一种木质素密胺基表面疏水泡沫，该木质素密胺基表面疏水泡沫是以密胺泡沫为载体，以木质素与异氰酸酯交联反应的产物作为疏水剂，疏水剂负载在载体表面形成亲油/疏水的表面，密胺泡沫载体保持内部网络互通的多孔结构。
一种木质素密胺基表面疏水泡沫的制备方法，其步骤如下：
（1）将木质素溶解在四氢呋喃有机溶剂中，超声分散1~10 min，形成木质素四氢呋喃溶液。
（2）将异氰酸酯加入到步骤（1）得到的溶液中，超声分散1~10 min，形成混合溶液。
（3）将密胺泡沫表面浸没在用步骤（2）得到的混合溶液处理，常温自然干燥3~24h，得木质素密胺基表面疏水泡沫。
进一步地，步骤（1）所述的木质素为碱木质素，所制备的木质素四氢呋喃溶液浓度为0.005~0.05 g/mL。
进一步地，步骤（2）所述的异氰酸酯为甲苯二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、甲基环已基二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯等，优选为二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯。异氰酸酯质量与木质素的质量比为0.5:1~2:1。
进一步地，步骤（3）所述的密胺泡沫表面浸没在混合溶液时，浸没深度是其自身高度的1/50~1/5，每个表面浸没时间为0.5~5 s。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下优点与技术效果：
1）本发明所制备的木质素密胺基表面疏水泡沫的接触角可达145~150°。
2）本发明操作方法简单，制备条件温和，对设备要求低，成本低廉，适于工业化生产。
3）本发明所得亲油/疏水材料（木质素密胺基表面疏水泡沫）不仅可以用在油水分离材料，还可以进行污水净化和能量储存。
附图说明
图1为木质素密胺基表面疏水泡沫的扫描电镜照片。
具体实施方式
实施例1
将0.2 g碱木质素加入到10 mL四氢呋喃有机溶剂中，超声分散5 min，形成木质素四氢呋喃溶液，继续加入0.4 g二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯，超声分散5 min，形成混合溶液。将0.1 g密胺泡沫的表面依次浸没在混合溶液中，其浸没深度为自身高度的1/50，浸没时间为0.5 s，自然干燥3 h后，四氢呋喃挥发完全，木质素中的羟基与二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯反应完全，使得木质素与二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯交联聚集形成片状而负载在泡沫表面如图1，由图1可知木质素与二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯交联聚集的片层覆盖在泡沫表面，使得泡沫表面变为疏水结构，因此得到木质素密胺基表面疏水泡沫。该疏水泡沫的水接触角为147°。
实施例2
将0.4 g碱木质素加入到10 mL四氢呋喃有机溶剂中，超声分散1 min，形成木质素四氢呋喃溶液，继续加入0.4 g甲苯二异氰酸酯，超声分散1 min，形成混合溶液。将0.1 g密胺泡沫的表面依次浸没在混合溶液中，其浸没深度为自身高度的1/5，浸没时间为5 s，自然干燥24 h后，得到木质素密胺基表面疏水泡沫。该疏水泡沫的水接触角为149°。
实施例3
将0.5 g碱木质素加入到10 mL四氢呋喃有机溶剂中，超声分散10 min，形成木质素四氢呋喃溶液，继续加入0.25 g六亚甲基二异氰酸酯，超声分散10 min，形成混合溶液。将0.1 g密胺泡沫的表面依次浸没在混合溶液中，其浸没深度为自身高度的1/20，浸没时间为2 s，自然干燥8 h后，得到木质素密胺基表面疏水泡沫。该疏水泡沫的水接触角为146.3°。
实施例4
将0.05 g碱木质素加入到10 mL四氢呋喃有机溶剂中，超声分散5 min，形成木质素四氢呋喃溶液，继续加入0.1 g甲基环已基二异氰酸酯，超声分散5 min，形成混合溶液。将0.1 g密胺泡沫的表面依次浸没在混合溶液中，其浸没深度为自身高度的1/20，浸没时间为1 s，自然干燥16 h后，得到木质素密胺基表面疏水泡沫。该疏水泡沫的水接触角为148.2°。
实施例5
将0.4 g碱木质素加入到10 mL四氢呋喃有机溶剂中，超声分散5 min，形成木质素四氢呋喃溶液，继续加入0.2 g异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯，超声分散5 min，形成混合溶液。将0.1g密胺泡沫的表面依次浸没在混合溶液中，其浸没深度为自身高度的1/10，浸没时间为1 s，自然干燥6 h后，得到木质素密胺基表面疏水泡沫。该疏水泡沫的水接触角为145.4°。
Claims (7)
1.一种木质素密胺基表面疏水泡沫，其特征是：该木质素密胺基表面疏水泡沫是以密胺泡沫为载体，以木质素与异氰酸酯交联反应的产物作为疏水剂，疏水剂负载在载体表面形成亲油/疏水的表面，密胺泡沫载体保持内部网络互通的多孔结构；所述木质素为碱木质素。
2.制备权利要求1所述的一种木质素密胺基表面疏水泡沫的方法，其特征是：步骤如下：
1）将木质素溶解在四氢呋喃有机溶剂中，超声分散1~10 min，形成木质素四氢呋喃溶液；
2）然后加入异氰酸酯，超声分散1~10 min，形成混合溶液；
3）将密胺泡沫表面浸没在混合溶液中处理，常温自然干燥3~24 h，得木质素密胺基表面疏水泡沫。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种木质素密胺基表面疏水泡沫的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤1）所述木质素四氢呋喃溶液的浓度为0.005~0.05 g/mL。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种木质素密胺基表面疏水泡沫的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤2）所述异氰酸酯为甲苯二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、甲基环已基二异氰酸酯和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯中的一种。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种木质素密胺基表面疏水泡沫的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤2）所述异氰酸酯为二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯。
6.根据权利要求2所述的一种木质素密胺基表面疏水泡沫的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤2）所述异氰酸酯质量与木质素的质量比为0.5:1~2:1。
7.根据权利要求2所述的一种木质素密胺基表面疏水泡沫的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤3）所述密胺泡沫表面浸没在混合溶液时，浸没深度是密胺泡沫自身高度的1/50~1/5，每个表面浸没时间均为0.5~5 s。
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| CN1651478A (zh) * | 2005-01-05 | 2005-08-10 | 福州大学 | 高沸醇木质素聚氨酯的制备 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1651478A (zh) * | 2005-01-05 | 2005-08-10 | 福州大学 | 高沸醇木质素聚氨酯的制备 |
| CN101415757A (zh) * | 2006-03-28 | 2009-04-22 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 疏水改性的三聚氰胺树脂泡沫 |
| CN102140172A (zh) * | 2010-02-03 | 2011-08-03 | 财团法人工业技术研究院 | 多异氰酸酯基生质材料及其形成方法 |
| CN103497300A (zh) * | 2013-09-09 | 2014-01-08 | 中国林业科学研究院林产化学工业研究所 | 醋酸纤维素改性木质素聚氨酯薄膜的制备方法 |
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