CN105584475A - 用于控制混合动力车辆的电池充电的***和方法 - Google Patents

用于控制混合动力车辆的电池充电的***和方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105584475A
CN105584475A CN201510677160.4A CN201510677160A CN105584475A CN 105584475 A CN105584475 A CN 105584475A CN 201510677160 A CN201510677160 A CN 201510677160A CN 105584475 A CN105584475 A CN 105584475A
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China
Prior art keywords
time
pattern
drive motor
motor
temperature
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Inventor
曹炯俊
文相勋
金连镐
金京范
都相和
蔡雄灿
韩东燃
金廷式
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Hyundai Motor Co
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Hyundai Motor Co
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Publication of CN105584475A publication Critical patent/CN105584475A/zh
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/93—Conjoint control of different elements

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于控制混合动力车辆的电池充电的***和方法，该***和方法为了驱动电动机的高温保护在限制电动机功率期间使用混合动力起动发电机(HSG)对电池充电。因此，在驱动混合动力车辆时，由于驱动电动机的频繁驱动，当驱动电动机的温度达到预定水平或更大时，通过驱动混合动力起动发电机对电池充电，由于高温保护，所以达到功率限制的驱动电动机的频率被最小化，同时减少了驱动电动机的驱动时间和频率。

Description

用于控制混合动力车辆的电池充电的***和方法
技术领域
本公开涉及用于控制混合动力车辆的电池充电的***和方法。更特别地，其涉及用于控制混合动力车辆的电池充电的***和方法，该***和方法为了驱动电动机的高温保护在限制电动机功率期间能够使用混合动力起动发电机(HSG)对电池充电。
背景技术
混合动力车辆是通过利用发动机和电动机作为动力源来减少废气且提高燃油效率的一种车辆，并且装配有功率传输***，该功率传输***分别将发动机功率或电动机功率传输到驱动轮或者将发动机功率和电动机功率同时传输到驱动轮以驱动车辆。
参考图1，现有技术的混合动力车辆的功率传输***包括串联布置的发动机10和电动机12、设置在发动机10和电动机12之间且配置成传输或中断发动机功率的发动机离合器13、配置成将电动机功率或将电动机功率和发动机功率两者转移到驱动轮且输出转移的功率的自动变速器14、连接到发动机的曲轴皮带轮以执行发动机起动和发电的混合动力起动发电机(HSG)16、配置成操作电动机和发电机的逆变器18、可充电地和不可充电地连接到逆变器以为电动机12提供功率的高压电池20等。
用于混合动力车辆的功率传输***是一种电动机安装在自动变速器侧的类型，并且被称为安装有变速器的电气设备(TMED)类型。特别地，功率传输***提供驱动模式，诸如使用电动机功率的为纯电动车辆模式的电动车辆(EV)模式、使用电动机作为辅助动力源同时使用发动机作为主动力源的混合动力电动车辆(HEV)模式，以及在由车辆的制动或惯性驱动期间通过电动机发电来回收车辆的制动和惯性能量且以回收的车辆的制动和惯性能量在电池中进行充电的再生制动(RB)模式。
在混合动力车辆的高速驱动期间(例如，以预定速度驱动)且在电动机的高转矩状态驱动期间，由于电动机的温度升高，所以使各种部件免受高温的输出限制被执行。例如，如由图2中圆圈所表示的部分中所示的，当电动机的温度等于或大于约170℃时，电动机的输出限制被执行。
在电动机的输出限制期间，不可避免地发生车辆加速下降、动力特性下降等现象，并且因此可能满足不了驾驶员的驱动欲望。换句话说，当车辆以EV模式被驱动，或者在HEV模式下由于在高的负载和再生发电下的连续驱动使得电动机的温度升高时，用于高温保护的电动机输出被限制。因此，即使油门踏板是接合的，车辆的加速性能也会下降。
因此，需要用于保护混合动力电动车辆(HEV)和插电式混合动力电动车辆(PHEV)的电动机的高温且为了高温保护在限制电动机的功率时保持动力特性的方法。
本节公开的上述信息仅用于增强对本发明背景的理解，并且因此其可以包括不形成在该国对于本领域技术人员来说已知的现有技术的信息。
发明内容
本发明提供用于控制混合动力车辆的电池充电的***和方法，在驱动混合动力车辆时，由于驱动电动机的频繁驱动，当驱动电动机的温度达到预定水平或更大时，通过驱动混合动力起动发电机(HSG)对电池充电，由于高温保护，该***和方法能够将驱动电动机达到功率限制的频率最小化，同时减少驱动电动机的驱动时间和频率。
在一个方面，本发明提供用于控制混合动力车辆电池充电的方法，该方法可以包括：当驱动混合动力车辆时，监测驱动电动机的温度；当该驱动电动机的温度等于或大于“用于高温保护的参考温度-α”时，确定该混合动力车辆的当前驱动模式；当当前驱动模式是HEV模式时，通过驱动连接到发动机曲轴的混合动力起动发电机对电池充电；以及当当前驱动模式是EV模式时，通过起动该发动机来驱动该混合动力起动发电机而对电池充电。
在示例性实施例中，当当前驱动模式是HEV模式或EV模式时，可以执行控制以当驾驶员所需功率高时，增加发动机每分钟转数(rpm)，并且当驾驶员所需功率低时，减少发动机rpm。另外，当该驱动电动机的温度等于或小于高温保护的“参考温度-α”时，可以保持当前驱动模式。通过驱动该混合动力起动发电机对电池充电可以被利用，以代替使用驱动电动机的再生制动。
根据本发明的示例性实施例，基于驱动电动机的高温保护逻辑将功率限制的频率最小化是可能的，同时在再生制动期间通过停止驱动电动机的驱动将驱动电动机的驱动最小化，并且当驱动电动机的温度接近高温保护的参考温度时，通过驱动混合动力起动发电机对电池充电，从而满足驾驶员的加速意图等。
附图说明
现在将参考示例性实施例示出的附图来详细描述本发明的上述和其他特征，其中附图在下文仅以示例性方式给出，并且因此不限制本发明，并且其中：
图1是示出根据现有技术的混合动力车辆的功率传输流的功率传输的示例性***图；
图2是示出根据现有技术执行用于电动机的高温保护的电动机的输出限制的示例性控制图；
图3是示出根据本发明的示例性实施例的用于控制混合动力车辆的电池充电的方法的示例性流程图。
附图中阐述的附图标记包括参考如下面进一步讨论的以下元件：
10：发动机
12：电动机
13：发动机离合器
14：自动变速器
16：HSG
18：逆变器
20：电池
应该理解，附图不必按照比例绘制，只是给出说明本发明基本原理的各种优选特征的某种简化表示。如本文公开的，本发明的特定设计特征包括例如特定尺寸、取向、位置和形状，将部分地由特定的预期应用及使用环境来确定。在附图中，在附图的几个图中，附图标记指代本公开相同或等同的部件。
具体实施方式
应该理解的是，本文中使用的术语“车辆”、“车辆的”或其他类似术语包括一般的机动车辆，比如包含多功能运动车(SUV)、公共汽车、卡车、各种商业车辆的客运汽车、包括各种轮船和舰船的船只、飞机等，还包括混合动力车、电动车、插电式混合动力电动车、氢动力车和其它替代燃料车辆(例如，燃料是从非石油资源中提炼出来的)。如本文所述，混合动力车是具有两种或多种动力源的车辆，例如同时具有汽油动力和电动力的车辆。
尽管示例性实施方式被描述为使用多个单元来执行示例性进程，可以理解的是，上述示例性进程也可以由一个或多个模块执行。此外，应该理解的是，术语控制器/控制单元指的是包括存储器和处理器的硬件设备。上述存储器配置成存储该模块，以及处理器专门配置成执行该模块以实现其在下面进一步描述的一个或多个进程。
此外，本发明的控制逻辑可被实施为计算机可读介质上的非暂时性计算机可读介质，该计算机可读介质包含由处理器、控制器/控制单元等执行的可执行程序指令。计算机可读介质的例子包括但不限于ROM、RAM、光盘(CD)-ROM、磁带、软盘、闪存盘、智能卡和光学数据存储设备。计算机可读记录介质也可以分布在网络耦接的计算机***上，这样可以通过分布式方式例如通过远程服务器或控制器局域网络(CAN)存储和执行计算机可读介质。
本文使用的术语仅出于说明具体实施方式的目的，而不意在限制本发明。如本文所使用的，单数形式“一个”、“一种”、“该”也意在包括复数形式，除非上下文中另外明确指明。还应当理解的是，在说明书中使用的术语“包括”和/或“包含”是指存在所述特征、整数、步骤、操作、元件和/或部件，但是不排除存在或添加一个或多个其他特征、整数、步骤、操作、元件、部件和/或其组合。如本文所使用的，术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关所列项的任何和所有结合。
除非特别说明或者通过上下文显而易见的，如本文使用的术语“大约”可以被理解为在本领域正常公差的范围内，例如，在2个标准差范围内。“约”可以被理解为在规定的值10％、9％、8％、7％、6％、5％、4％、3％、2％、1％、0.5％、0.1％、0.05％或者0.01％内。除非从上下文另有明确的指出，否则由所述术语“约”来修改本文提供的所有数值。
下面具体参考本发明的各种实施例，其示例在附图中示出且在下文中描述。尽管将结合示例性实施例描述本发明，但是应该理解本说明书并不旨在将本发明限制在这些实施例中。相反，本公开不仅旨在涵盖所述示例性实施例，而且涵盖可包括在如所附权利要求限定的本发明的精神和范围内的各种替换、修改、等效和其他实施例。
在下文中，将参考附图详细描述本发明的示例性实施例。
如上所述，在EV模式下在混合动力车辆的驱动功率的帮助期间和在混合动力车辆的驱动期间，主驱动电动机被驱动，并且在油门踏板减速或关断期间，或者在驱动主驱动电动机期间，通过再生制动的发电，驱动电动机被频繁驱动。因此，需要用于冷却驱动电动机以对驱动电动机的频繁驱动做出反应的设备。为了这个目的，驱动电动机装配在自动变速器中，并且因此通过循环自动变速器流(ATF)用于冷却驱动电动机的方法先前已经被使用了，但是自动变速器流除了冷却自动变速器，还冷却驱动电动机，并且因此对于冷却性能相对不利。
同时，混合动力起动发电机(HSG)是一种电动机，混合动力起动发电机(HSG)连接到发动机的曲轴皮带轮以执行发动机起动，并且通过使用水冷***以及用于操作驱动电动机的逆变器，该发电机具有高温保护的优点。
因此，当用于驱动混合动力车辆的驱动电动机的温度达到预定水平或更大时，本发明通过驱动混合动力起动发电机(HSG)执行电池充电，以为了高温保护将达到功率限制的驱动电动机的频率最小化，同时减少驱动电动机的驱动时间和频率。特别地，根据本发明的示例性实施例，将参考附图1和附图3描述用于控制混合动力车辆电池充电的方法。
特别地，在驱动电动机的再生制动期间可以执行电池充电，并且当预期发生用于电动机的高温保护的输出限制时，可以通过驱动混合动力起动发电机而不是驱动该驱动电动机来执行电池充电以防止驱动电动机的输出被限制。换句话说，驱动电动机连接到驱动轴(轮胎)以回收在再生制动期间产生的能量，并且由于皮带连接到发动机，所以混合动力起动发电机可以不回收在再生制动期间产生的能量。但是即使在再生制动期间，且在用于回收能量的驱动电动机发电期间，驱动电动机连续产生热量。因此，通过确定高温保护的重要性和再生制动的能量回收效率，当必要时通过混合动力起动发电机的发电驱动可以执行电池充电。
然而，可以以足够的水平驱动混合动力起动发电机来产生动力以保护驱动电动机的高温。因此，该方法可以包括当驱动混合动力车辆时监测驱动电动机的温度(S101)。可以使用温度传感器监测温度。进而，驱动电动机的温度可以与高温保护的参考温度比较(S102)。值得注意地，可以通过具有处理器和存储器的控制器执行本文所描述的过程。
驱动电动机的温度可以与“高温保护的参考温度-α”比较。因此，当驱动电动机的温度已经超过高温保护的参考温度时，可以通过高温保护逻辑执行输出限制，并且因此驱动电动机的温度可以与可接近高温保护的参考温度的“高温保护的参考温度-α”比较。
对于比较结果，当驱动电动机的温度达到“高温保护的参考温度-α”时，可以保持使用混合动力车辆的驱动电动机的驱动模式。进而，当驱动电动机的温度等于或大于“高温保护的参考温度-α”，可以确定混合动力车辆的当前驱动模式(S103)。
当当前驱动模式是HEV模式，即，电动机被用作辅动力源，同时发动机被用作主动力源，可以通过驱动连接到发动机曲轴的混合动力起动发电机来执行电池充电(S104)。另外地，当当前驱动模式是EV模式，即，车辆被驱动电动机的功率驱动时，可以确定是否为了驱动混合动力起动发电机而起动发动机，还是通过连续驱动该驱动电动机以保持EV模式(S105)。
当通过驱动该驱动电动机保持EV模式时，驱动电动机超过高温保护的参考温度，并且因此可以通过高温保护逻辑执行驱动电动机的功率限制(S106)，因此没有顺应驾驶员意图。
因此，根据本发明的示例性实施例，在车辆以EV模式被驱动的情况下，当驱动电动机接近高温保护的参考温度时，即，当驱动电动机等于或大于“高温保护的参考温度-α”时，可以起动发动机(S106)。换句话说，通过驱动混合动力起动发电机可以起动发动机，并且混合动力起动发电机可以配置成基于发动机的起动产生动力以对电池充电。
同时，当发动机起动时，可以调整每分钟转数rpm。换句话说，当驾驶员所需功率高(例如，等于或大于约10kW)时，发动机rpm可以增加，并且当驾驶员所需功率低(例如，等于或小于大约5kW)时，可以通过驱动连接到发动机曲轴的混合动力起动发电机来执行电池充电，同时发动机rpm减少。
通过混合动力起动发电机的发电对电池充电可以代替在驱动电动机的再生制动期间的发电。换句话说，当驱动电动机可以配置成在再生制动期间对电池充电，并且当预期发生用于电动机的高温保护的输出限制时，混合动力起动发电机而不是驱动电动机可以被驱动来对电池充电以防止驱动电动机超过高温保护的参考温度，因此将驱动电动机的输出限制最小化，从而解决由于驱动电动机的输出限制导致不满足驾驶员的加速意图。
即使在再生制动期间，且在用于回收能量的驱动电动机发电期间，因为驱动电动机可以配置成连续产生热量。通过确定高温保护的重要性和再生制动的能量回收效率以防止驱动电动机超过高温保护的参考温度，当必要时用于再生制动的驱动电动机的驱动可以停止，并且通过驱动混合动力起动发电机的发电可以代替地执行电池充电。因此，驱动电动机的输出限制可以被最小化，从而解决由于驱动电动机的输出限制导致不满足驾驶员的加速意图。
本发明已经参考其示例性实施例进行了详细的描述。然而，本领域技术人员可理解在不偏离本发明的原理和精神及不脱离由所附权利要求及其等同形式限定的范围的情况下，对这些示例性实施例可做出改变。

Claims (12)

1.一种用于控制车辆电池充电的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
当车辆被驱动时由控制器监测驱动电动机的温度；
当所述驱动电动机的温度等于或大于“用于高温保护的参考温度-α”时，由所述控制器确定所述车辆的当前驱动模式；
当所述当前驱动模式是混合动力电动车辆(HEV)模式时，由所述控制器通过驱动连接到发动机曲轴的混合动力起动发电机对电池充电；以及
当所述当前驱动模式是电动车辆(EV)模式时，由所述控制器通过起动所述发动机来驱动所述混合动力起动发电机而对所述电池充电。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中当驾驶员所需功率高时，发动机每分钟转数(rpm)增加，并且当所述驾驶员所需功率低时，所述发动机rpm减少。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中当所述驱动电动机的温度等于或小于“用于高温保护的参考温度-α”时，保持所述当前驱动模式。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中通过驱动所述混合动力起动发电机以代替所述驱动电动机的再生制动对电池充电被执行。
5.一种用于控制车辆电池充电的***，包括：
存储器，其配置成存储程序指令；以及
处理器，其配置成执行所述程序指令，当所述程序指令被执行时，配置成：
当车辆被驱动时监测驱动电动机的温度；
当所述驱动电动机的温度等于或大于“用于高温保护的参考温度-α”时，确定所述车辆的当前驱动模式；
当所述当前驱动模式是混合动力电动车辆(HEV)模式时，通过驱动连接到发动机曲轴的混合动力起动发电机对电池充电；以及
当所述当前驱动模式是电动车辆(EV)模式时，通过起动所述发动机来驱动所述混合动力起动发电机而对所述电池充电。
6.根据权利要求5所述的***，其中当驾驶员所需功率高时，发动机每分钟转数(rpm)增加，并且当所述驾驶员所需功率低时，所述发动机rpm减少。
7.根据权利要求5所述的***，其中当所述驱动电动机的温度等于或小于“用于高温保护的参考温度-α”时，保持所述当前驱动模式。
8.根据权利要求5所述的***，其中通过驱动所述混合动力起动发电机以代替所述驱动电动机的再生制动对电池充电被执行。
9.一种包含由控制器执行的程序指令的非暂时性计算机可读介质，所述计算机可读介质包括：
当车辆被驱动时监测驱动电动机的温度的程序指令；
当所述驱动电动机的温度等于或大于“用于高温保护的参考温度-α”时，确定所述车辆的当前驱动模式的程序指令；
当所述当前驱动模式是混合动力电动车辆(HEV)模式时，通过驱动连接到发动机曲轴的混合动力起动发电机对电池充电的程序指令；以及
当所述当前驱动模式是电动车辆(EV)模式时，通过起动所述发动机来驱动所述混合动力起动发电机而对所述电池充电的程序指令。
10.根据权利要求9所述的非暂时性计算机可读介质，其中当驾驶员所需功率高时，发动机每分钟转数(rpm)增加，并且当所述驾驶员所需功率低时，所述发动机rpm减少。
11.根据权利要求9所述的非暂时性计算机可读介质，其中当所述驱动电动机的温度等于或小于“用于高温保护的参考温度-α”时，保持所述当前驱动模式。
12.根据权利要求9所述的非暂时性计算机可读介质，其中通过驱动所述混合动力起动发电机以代替所述驱动电动机的再生制动对电池充电被执行。
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