CN105527514B - A kind of special vehicle vehicle thunder and lightning indirect effect test method - Google Patents
A kind of special vehicle vehicle thunder and lightning indirect effect test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105527514B CN105527514B CN201510857686.0A CN201510857686A CN105527514B CN 105527514 B CN105527514 B CN 105527514B CN 201510857686 A CN201510857686 A CN 201510857686A CN 105527514 B CN105527514 B CN 105527514B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/005—Testing of electric installations on transport means
- G01R31/006—Testing of electric installations on transport means on road vehicles, e.g. automobiles or trucks
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Abstract
The present invention proposes a kind of special vehicle thunder and lightning indirect effect test method, the actual conditions of unified with nature circle thunder discharge, the discharge process of lightning rod is hit by high current and high voltage simulation thunder and lightning, experiment examination is carried out to the lightning protection situation of special vehicle and its internal electronic equipment, specify test configurations, flow, method and waveform parameter, form unified executable method, it solves the problems, such as to lack standard method reference at present, technical support can be provided for the thunder and lightning indirect effect protective capacities of special vehicle vehicle.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of special vehicle vehicle thunder and lightning indirect effect test method, i.e., a kind of special vehicle vehicle is to thunder
The protective capacities determination method of electric indirect effect, belong to special vehicle thunder and lightning indirect effect experiment, test special vehicle for
The technical field of the protective capacities of thunder and lightning indirect effect.
Background technology
Special vehicle is usually operated at wild environment, and weather or geographical environment are more complicated, are especially in ward
When, the probability by thunder and lightning is bigger, it is necessary to carry out corresponding safeguard procedures.
Thunder and lightning divides direct effect and indirect effect to the harm of special vehicle.Thunder and lightning direct effect refers to that thunder and lightning is directly hit
Special vehicle can cause breakdown vehicle, melting, malformation hair etc., for the harm that direct lightning strike is avoided to bring, generally pass through spy
Kind vehicle operation region attachment installs lightning rod protection to realize, thunder and lightning is avoided directly to hit vehicle.Thunder and lightning indirect effect refers to
When thunder and lightning hits lightning rod, thunder amplification current action of high voltage generates powerful Lightning Electromagnetic Pulse field, causes special vehicle electric
In sub- equipment generate sensing electric current and induced voltage it is impacted or damage.
At present, conventional thunder and lightning indirect effect test method uses lightning current mainly for airplane design, test method
Be directly injected into the mode of aircraft casing, examination interior of aircraft electronic equipment be subject to thunder and lightning indirect effect influenced.Special vehicle
State of flight differs greatly in the air for thunder discharge access, coupling path and aircraft during the work time, and aircraft thunder and lightning is imitated indirectly
Induction method can not use in special vehicle.Existing thunder and lightning electromagnetic environment professional domain, thunder discharge waveform parameter have explicitly
Standard criterion requirement, but lack the system-level Lightning Test method for special vehicle.If application experiment side conventional at present
Method carries out special vehicle the experiment of thunder and lightning indirect effect, can not effectively examine that lightning rod is this to be positioned over ground since thunder and lightning is hit
Facility, and indirect effect caused by the vehicle near it is influenced, at the same can not embody due to the earth electric action for
Vehicle indirect effect is formed and the influence of effect.When using the special vehicle of field work as subjects, current examination
Proved recipe method does not have specific aim.
The content of the invention
Present invention solves the technical problem that it is：It overcomes the shortage of prior art, it is indirect to provide a kind of special vehicle vehicle thunder and lightning
Effect test method solves special vehicle and installs the direct thunder of lightning rod protection in the wild operation process, and lightning rod is by thunder and lightning
The strong electromagnetic that can be generated during hitting, examination special vehicle is for the protective capacities of thunder and lightning indirect effect.By this hair
It is bright, it specifies test configurations, flow, method and waveform parameter, forms unified executable method, solve to lack standard side at present
The problem of method reference can be that the thunder and lightning of special vehicle (vehicle for being capable of operation in the wild equipped with electrical equipment) vehicle is imitated indirectly
Protective capacities is answered to provide technical support.
The technical solution that the present invention solves is：A kind of special vehicle vehicle thunder and lightning indirect effect test method, step are as follows：
(1) lightning rod is placed perpendicular to the ground, one end ground connection of lightning rod, the other end of lightning rod is tip, i.e., freely
End；Then by the interior vehicle parking to be measured equipped with electrical equipment in lightning rod horizontal distance at L；
(2) being arranged at lightning current surge generator has with lightning rod on the ground of certain distance, and lightning current
Surge generator it is ground wire grounded, the output terminal of lightning current surge generator passes through the freedom that metal lead wire connects lightning rod
End；
(3) discharging terminals of a suspension are arranged above in lightning rod, the discharge end of discharging terminals is directed toward lightning rod
There is certain distance at tip, the discharge end of discharging terminals and the tip of lightning rod, and discharging terminals pass through pendant made of insulating materials
It is fixed, and by adjusting the length of pendant, the distance between the discharge end of discharging terminals and the tip of lightning rod can be adjusted；
(4) lightning voltage surge generator, being arranged at has with discharging terminals on the ground of certain distance, and lightning voltage
Surge generator it is ground wire grounded, the output terminal of lightning voltage surge generator connects discharging terminals by metal lead wire；
(5) electrical equipment on vehicle to be measured is opened, after electrical equipment works normally, lightning current surge generator generates
Current injection quantity grade is initial lightning current；
(6) lightning current of step (5) is sent by metal lead wire to lightning rod, lightning current is generated by lightning rod
Galvanomagnetic-effect judges whether the electrical equipment on vehicle to be measured can be normal at this time coupled on the electrical equipment on vehicle to be measured
Work repeats n times, if can work normally every time, judges that the electrical equipment on vehicle to be measured passes through this current injection quantity
The lightning current verification of grade, carries out step (7)；If electrical equipment is once above to be worked normally, judge to be measured
Electrical equipment on vehicle cannot be verified by the lightning current of this current injection quantity grade, that is, judge electrically setting on vehicle to be measured
The standby interference that can be generated by the lightning current of a magnitude lower than this current injection quantity grade, carries out step (8)；
(7) adjust lightning current (i.e. dash current) and inject magnitude, the lightning current finally applied in step (6) is injected
Magnitude promotes the 1/10 of ceiling voltage injection magnitude every time, repeats step (6), until highest electricity of the current injection quantity grade for setting
Stream injection magnitude judges that the electrical equipment on vehicle to be measured injects the lightning current verification of magnitude by maximum current, that is, judges
The interference that electrical equipment on vehicle to be measured can be generated by the lightning current of this current injection quantity grade, carries out step (8)；
(8) electrical equipment on vehicle to be measured is opened, after electrical equipment works normally, lightning voltage surge generator generates
Voltage injection magnitude is initial lightning voltage,
(9) lightning voltage of step (8) is sent by metal lead wire to the tip of discharging terminals, discharging terminals and lightning rod
The distance between be set in advance in safe distance, i.e., the distance do not discharged then by adjusting the length of pendant, slowly subtracts
The distance between tip of small discharging terminals and lightning rod, until the tip clearance of discharging terminals and lightning rod discharges, generation
Galvanomagnetic-effect judges whether the electrical equipment on vehicle to be measured can be normal at this time coupled on the electrical equipment on vehicle to be measured
Work repeats n times, if can work normally every time, judges that the electrical equipment on vehicle to be measured passes through this voltage injection rate
The lightning voltage verification of grade, carries out step (10)；If electrical equipment is once above to be worked normally, judge to be measured
The lightning voltage that electrical equipment on vehicle cannot inject magnitude by this voltage is verified, that is, judges electrically setting on vehicle to be measured
It is standby to be verified by the lightning voltage of a magnitude lower than this voltage injection magnitude, carry out step (11)；
(10) adjust lightning voltage (i.e. surge voltage) and inject magnitude, by the lightning voltage surge generator in step (9)
The lightning voltage injection magnitude of generation promotes the 1/6 of ceiling voltage injection magnitude every time, repeats step (9), until voltage injects
Magnitude injects magnitude for the ceiling voltage of setting, judges that the electrical equipment on vehicle to be measured injects the thunder of magnitude by ceiling voltage
The interference that piezoelectric voltage generates judges that the electrical equipment on vehicle to be measured can inject the lightning voltage production of magnitude by this voltage
Raw interference carries out step (11)；
(11) when step (6) or (7) judge electrical equipment on vehicle to be measured can by current injection quantity grade be more than etc.
In the current preventative magnitude of vehicle needs to be measured, and step (9) or step (10) judge that the electrical equipment on vehicle to be measured can lead to
The voltage injection magnitude crossed is more than or equal to the voltage protection magnitude of vehicle needs to be measured, then it is indirect to judge that vehicle to be measured possesses thunder and lightning
The protective capacities of effect；Otherwise, it is determined that vehicle to be measured does not possess the protective capacities of thunder and lightning indirect effect.
The material of the lead is copper flat woven band.
The pass of safe distance D and discharge voltage magnitude U between the discharge end of the discharging terminals and the tip of lightning rod
System, equation below：
D=U/3000+1
The current injection quantity grade of the initial lightning current injects the 1/10~1/5 of magnitude for maximum current.
The voltage injection magnitude of the initial lightning voltage injects the 1/6~1/3 of magnitude for ceiling voltage.
It is 3~20 meters that the vehicle to be measured, which stops with lightning rod horizontal distance L,.
The maximum current injection magnitude is 200kA, and ceiling voltage injection magnitude is 6000kV.
The terminal height is 6~20 meters.
The waveform for the electric current that the lightning current surge generator generates includes tetra- segmented waveforms of ABCD, wherein A ripples
The shape duration is less than or equal to 500 microseconds, and B waveform times are less than or equal to 5 milliseconds, and C waveform durations are for 0.25 second to 1 second
Between, D waveform durations are less than or equal to 500 microseconds.
The waveform for the voltage that the lightning voltage surge generator generates is initial 0 volt of time to breakdown voltage to be
1.2 microseconds (± 20%), the time of breakdown point to voltage drop by half is 50 microseconds (± 20%).
The present invention compared with prior art the advantages of be：
(1) present invention proposes the configuration of vehicle thunder and lightning indirect test, can simulate thunder by high current, high current in laboratory
Discharge of electricity carries out experimental study, solves the problems, such as that current vehicle lacks the configuration of vehicle Lightning Test.
(2) present invention specifies the test method, flow, the measurement contents such as magnitude and stepping of thunder and lightning indirect effect experiment,
Uniform tests method solves the problems, such as to lack test method at present.
(3) present invention specifies the experiment determination method of vehicle thunder and lightning indirect effect lightning protection ability, solves to lack at present
The problem of weary Vehicular system lightning protection ability test examination judgment basis.
(4) lead material is copper flat woven band during the present invention specifies the experiment of thunder and lightning indirect effect, can be effective
Reduce lead impedance.
It (5), can quickly really invention defines the calculation formula of the safe distance D between discharge end and the tip of lightning rod
Determine the home of discharging terminals placement, discharging in advance is avoided to cause test failure or other security risks.
(6) invention defines pairs that electric current, voltage in vehicle thunder and lightning indirect effect initially inject magnitude and highest magnitude
It should be related to so that experiment magnitude sets optimization reasonable by low amounts grade to high-magnitude.
(7) present invention is according to lightning rod to the protection actual conditions of vehicle, and vehicle to be measured is with taking shelter from the thunder during definition experiment
The distance of pin is in the range of 3m to 20m.The distance between vehicle to be measured and lightning rod depend on subjects field special vehicle
On the thunder and lightning indirect effect effect degree that is formed.Wherein, 3m defined beelines between vehicle to be measured and lightning rod, when
Less than 3m apart from when vehicle on electrical equipment direct effect is easily generated due to the distance excessively near with respect to thunder discharge point, lead
It sends a telegraph gas equipment damage and can not effectively verify the influence of indirect effect.Most long examinations of the 20m between vehicle to be measured and lightning rod
Test setting distance, when more than 20m apart from when be put to the test condition, test site and testing equipment ability limit implementation not easy to operate,
More importantly true thunder and lightning can not be much simulated in the indirect effect formed on vehicle when institute's shape occurs when distance is more than 20m
Into magnitude.For different tests object, further clear and definite trial stretch is needed.
(8) present invention defines lightning current, the highest magnitude of voltage test, can cover in nature according to lightning performance
More than 95% thunder and lightning situation improves test validity.
(9) present invention combines the situation of vehicle lightning protection, defines the height of lightning rod as 6m to 20m scopes, improves examination
Test coverage.The height setting of lightning rod depends primarily upon the structure size of subjects field special vehicle, and lightning rod
Height be directly related to its radius of protection can be completely covered vehicle entirety.Wherein 6m is that lightning rod is set during testing
Minimum altitude requirement, primarily directed in vehicle ground is static park when lightning rod radius of protection vehicle can be completely covered whole
Body.20m is the maximum height requirement that lightning rod is set during experiment, primarily directed in vehicle is standby or working condition under when
Vehicle entirety can be completely covered in the radius of protection of lightning rod, while meets lightning rod in field test and establish and can need to simply implement
Operate the condition established.Excessively high lightening protection installation needs to be changed to lightning tower, such as the lightning tower of space launching site, so will be direct
Test operation is caused to be not easy to implement.
(10) present invention defines the waveform for the electric current that lightning current surge generator generates, the production of lightning voltage surge generator
The waveform of raw voltage, specification test waveform effectively improve the uniformity of experiment.
Description of the drawings
Attached drawing 1 tests schematic layout pattern for the vehicle thunder and lightning indirect effect of the present invention；
Attached drawing 2 is thunder discharge current waveform of the present invention；
Attached drawing 3 is thunder discharge voltage waveform of the present invention, wherein (a) is the potential accumulations trend chart before lightning stroke, (b)
For voltage change tendency chart in lightning stroke process.
Specific embodiment
The basic ideas of the present invention：Propose a kind of special vehicle thunder and lightning indirect effect test method, unified with nature circle thunder
The actual conditions of discharge of electricity simulate the discharge process that thunder and lightning hits lightning rod by high current and high voltage, to special vehicle and
The lightning protection situation of its internal electronic equipment carries out experiment examination, specifies test configurations, flow, method and waveform parameter, shape
It into unified executable method, solves the problems, such as to lack standard method reference at present, can be that the thunder and lightning of special vehicle vehicle is indirect
Effect protective capacities provides technical support.
The present invention is described in further detail in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
Vehicle uses lightning rod to carry out lightning protection during carrying out the work in the wild, and distance of the lightning rod apart from vehicle is excellent
Turn to 3~20 meters.By taking 10 meters of distance as an example, distance can either ensure that vehicle will not be due to apart from thunder discharge point under setting herein
It crosses near and generates direct effect on the car body, and vehicle can be met and place the actual operability of distance with lightning rod field and keep away
Thunder pin height is to the needs of vehicle radius of protection restrictive condition.In order to protect energy in the thunder and lightning indirect effect of laboratory's examination vehicle
Power, it is necessary to carry out following configuration on the ground by attached drawing 1 in laboratory or field barnyard：
(1) lightning rod is placed perpendicular to the ground, one end ground connection of lightning rod, the other end of lightning rod is tip, i.e., freely
End；Then by the interior vehicle parking to be measured equipped with electrical equipment in lightning rod horizontal distance at L；Wherein L exists for vehicle
During field is carried out the work, the actual distance of lightning rod and vehicle, L is 10m in present case；
(2) lightning rod simulates lightning rod using 6m long metallic rods made of iron, is tip at the top of lightning rod, bottom is put down for metal
Platform, lightning rod bottom are connected nearby with laboratory ground wire, it is ensured that lightning rod grounding resistance is in the range of 2~10 ohm；
(3) being arranged at lightning current surge generator has with lightning rod on the ground of certain distance, and lightning current
Surge generator it is ground wire grounded, the output terminal of lightning current surge generator passes through the freedom that metal lead wire connects lightning rod
End；To ensure that high current can pass through lead and reduce damage, lead generally uses low-impedance copper flat woven band；
(4) discharging terminals of a suspension are arranged above in lightning rod, the discharge end of discharging terminals is directed toward lightning rod
There is certain distance at tip, the discharge end of discharging terminals and the tip of lightning rod, and discharging terminals pass through pendant made of insulating materials
It is fixed, and by adjusting the length of pendant, the distance between the discharge end of discharging terminals and the tip of lightning rod can be adjusted；
(5) being arranged at lightning voltage surge generator has with discharging terminals on the ground of certain distance, and thunder and lightning electricity
The ground wire grounded of surge generator is pressed, the output terminal of lightning voltage surge generator is put by the flat establishment band lead connection of copper
Electric terminal.
The high current that lightning current impact indirect effect experiment examination thunder and lightning generates on lightning rod enters along lightning rod
Influence of the electromagnetic interference generated during the earth to special vehicle, with reference to specific requirement of the vehicle to lightning protection, this examination
The lightning current highest magnitude tested is arranged to 200kA, and Initial Quantity Order is the 1/10 of highest magnitude, i.e. 20kA promotes magnitude every time
For 20kA.Lightning voltage impacts process of the indirect effect test simulation thunder and lightning to lightning rod gap discharge, and examination electric discharge generates
Influence of the electromagnetic radiation effect to special vehicle, with reference to specific requirement of the vehicle to lightning protection, the lightning current of this experiment
Highest magnitude is arranged to 6000kV, and Initial Quantity Order is 1/6, i.e. 6kV of highest magnitude, and it is 1000kV to promote magnitude every time.
Specific measurement procedure and method are as follows：
(1) electrical equipment on vehicle to be measured is opened, after electrical equipment works normally, lightning current surge generator generates
Current injection quantity grade is initial lightning current 20kA, and the waveform parameter of lightning current surge generator is set by attached drawing 2.Fig. 2
For thunder discharge current waveform of the present invention, component A, component B, component C, component D correspond to the different phase in description lightning stroke process,
Each stage is different for being influenced caused by object, and it is the thunder formed in lightning stroke process when fighting back for the first time that wherein component A is corresponding
Curent change situation, for the stage of lightning current maximum in lightning stroke overall process, maximum magnitude is 200kA.In simulation thunder amplification current
Lightning impulse current experiment in, the corresponding 200kA of component A is usually chosen as the maximum application magnitude of dash current, so as to test
Demonstrate,prove situation of the object under test in most severe thunder and lightning electromagnetic environment.The present invention also carries out dash current according to the component A in attached drawing 2
Highest tests the setting of magnitude；
(2) lightning current of step lightning current surge generator is sent by metal lead wire to lightning rod, lightning current
By the galvanomagnetic-effect that lightning rod generates coupled on the electrical equipment on vehicle to be measured, judge at this time electrical on vehicle to be measured
Whether equipment can work normally, and be repeated 10 times, if can work normally every time, judge the electrical equipment on vehicle to be measured
It is verified by the lightning current of this current injection quantity grade, carries out step (3)；It can not be normal if electrical equipment is once above
Work, then judge that the electrical equipment on vehicle to be measured cannot be verified by the lightning current of this current injection quantity grade, that is, judges to treat
The interference that electrical equipment on measuring car can be generated by the lightning current of a magnitude lower than this current injection quantity grade, carries out
Step (4)；
(3) dash current injection magnitude, the dash current that the lightning current surge generator in step (2) is generated are adjusted
Injection magnitude promotes 20kA every time, repeats step (2), until current injection quantity grade is 200kA, judges electrical on vehicle to be measured
The lightning current that equipment injects magnitude by maximum current is verified, that is, judges that the electrical equipment on vehicle to be measured can be by this electricity
The interference that the lightning current of stream injection magnitude generates, carries out step (4)；
(4) electrical equipment on vehicle to be measured is opened, after electrical equipment works normally, lightning voltage surge generator generates
Voltage injection magnitude is initial lightning voltage 1000kV, and the waveform parameter of lightning voltage surge generator is set by attached drawing 3.Figure
3 (a) is the curent change tendency chart in lightning stroke process, and Fig. 3 (b) is voltage change tendency chart in lightning stroke process, and Fig. 3 (a) is corresponding
For the ascent stage curve of Fig. 3 (b).In the lightning impulse voltage test of simulation thunder and lightning high voltage, curve peak is usually chosen
Magnitude 6000kV apply magnitude as surge voltage is maximum, so as to verify object under test in most severe thunder and lightning electromagnetic environment
Situation.The present invention is also according to the setting that surge voltage highest experiment magnitude is carried out in attached drawing 3；
(5) lightning voltage of step (4) is sent by metal lead wire to the tip of discharging terminals, discharging terminals and lightning rod
The distance between be set in advance as safe distance 1.3m, i.e., the distance do not discharged then by adjusting the length of pendant, is delayed
The distance between slow tip for reducing discharging terminals and lightning rod, until the tip clearance of discharging terminals and lightning rod discharges, production
Raw galvanomagnetic-effect judges that the electrical equipment on vehicle to be measured whether can at this time coupled on the electrical equipment on vehicle to be measured
Normal work, is repeated 10 times, if can work normally every time, judges that the electrical equipment on vehicle to be measured is noted by this voltage
Enter the lightning voltage verification of magnitude, carry out step (6)；If electrical equipment is once above to be worked normally, judge
The lightning voltage that electrical equipment on vehicle to be measured cannot inject magnitude by this voltage is verified, that is, judges the electricity on vehicle to be measured
Gas equipment can be verified by the lightning voltage of a magnitude lower than this voltage injection magnitude, carry out step (7)；
(6) surge voltage injection magnitude, the surge voltage that the lightning voltage surge generator in step (5) is generated are adjusted
Injection magnitude promotes 1000kV every time, and the safe distance between discharging terminals and lightning rod increases 0.3m every time, repeats step
(5), until voltage injection magnitude is 6000kV, judge that the electrical equipment on vehicle to be measured injects the thunder of magnitude by ceiling voltage
The interference that piezoelectric voltage generates judges that the electrical equipment on vehicle to be measured can inject the lightning voltage production of magnitude by this voltage
Raw interference carries out step (7)；
(7) when step (2) or step (3) judge electrical equipment on vehicle to be measured can by current injection quantity grade be more than
Equal to the current preventative magnitude 200kA of vehicle needs to be measured, and step (5) or step (6) judge electrically setting on vehicle to be measured
It is standby can by voltage inject the voltage protection magnitude 6000kV that magnitude is more than or equal to vehicle needs to be measured, then judge vehicle to be measured
Possesses the protective capacities of thunder and lightning indirect effect；Otherwise, it is determined that vehicle to be measured does not possess the protective capacities of thunder and lightning indirect effect.
By the scheme of above-mentioned steps (1) to step (7), can realize for special vehicle vehicle thunder and lightning indirect effect
Effectively examination verification.The dash current that step (2), step (3) are applied simulates due to thunder and lightning indirect effect the shape on vehicle
Into sensing electric current, the surge voltage that step (5), step (6) are applied simulates due to thunder and lightning indirect effect the shape on vehicle
Into induced voltage.In step (1), into step (3), dash current Initial Quantity Order is arranged to 20kA and with the magnitude of each 20kA
Be incremented to step by step the setting of 200kA highest test current intensity and in step (4) into step (6) surge voltage Initial Quantity Order
It is arranged to 1000kV and is incremented to the setting of 6000kV highest test voltage intensity, effective mould step by step with the magnitude of each 1000kV
Intended due to lightning rod be subject to be struck by lightning and on surface car formed indirect effect influenced, indirect effect effect degree should be by
Increase and decrease enhancing degree down to height, effectively prevent the situation that current conventional methods disposably apply maximum magnitude.
By the implementation of the present invention, the experiment examination rate of vehicular electrical equipment is made to reach 100%, the examination of special vehicle vehicle
Rate reaches 100%, and operation difficulty is implemented in experiment reduces by 30%, and testing equipment spoilage reduces by 20%, the damage of vehicular electrical equipment
Bad rate reduces by 30%.
The actual conditions of unified with nature circle thunder discharge of the present invention are hit lightning-arrest by high voltage and high current simulation thunder and lightning
The discharge process of pin carries out experiment examination to the lightning protection situation of special vehicle and its internal electronic equipment, and clearly experiment is matched somebody with somebody
It puts, flow, method and waveform parameter, forms unified executable method, solves the problems, such as that lacking standard method at present refers to, it can
Technical support is provided for the thunder and lightning indirect effect protective capacities of liter special vehicle vehicle.
Non-elaborated part of the present invention belongs to techniques well known.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of special vehicle vehicle thunder and lightning indirect effect test method, it is characterised in that step is as follows：
(1) lightning rod is placed perpendicular to the ground, one end ground connection of lightning rod, the other end of lightning rod is tip, i.e. free end；So
Afterwards by the interior vehicle parking to be measured equipped with electrical equipment in lightning rod horizontal distance at L；
(2) lightning current surge generator is arranged on ground, and lightning current surge generator ground wire grounded, thunder and lightning
The output terminal of rush of current generator connects the free end of lightning rod by metal lead wire；
(3) discharging terminals of a suspension are arranged above in lightning rod, the discharge end of discharging terminals is directed toward the tip of lightning rod,
Discharging terminals are fixed by pendant made of insulating materials, and by adjusting the length of pendant, can adjust putting for discharging terminals
The distance between electric end and the tip of lightning rod；
(4) lightning voltage surge generator is arranged on ground, and lightning voltage surge generator ground wire grounded, thunder and lightning
The output terminal of voltge surge generator connects discharging terminals by metal lead wire；
(5) electrical equipment on vehicle to be measured is opened, after electrical equipment works normally, lightning current surge generator generates electric current
Injection magnitude is initial lightning current；
(6) lightning current of step (5) is sent to the electromagnetism generated to lightning rod, lightning current by lightning rod by metal lead wire
Effect judges whether the electrical equipment on vehicle to be measured being capable of normal work at this time coupled on the electrical equipment on vehicle to be measured
Make, repeat n times, if can work normally every time, judge that the electrical equipment on vehicle to be measured passes through this current injection quantity grade
Lightning current verification, carry out step (7)；If electrical equipment is once above to be worked normally, measuring car is treated in judgement
Electrical equipment on cannot be verified by the lightning current of this current injection quantity grade, that is, judge the electrical equipment on vehicle to be measured
The interference that can be generated by the lightning current of a magnitude lower than this current injection quantity grade, carries out step (8)；
(7) lightning current injection magnitude is adjusted, i.e., the lightning current injection magnitude in step (6) is promoted into ceiling voltage note every time
Enter the 1/10 of magnitude, repeat step (6), until current injection quantity grade injects magnitude for the maximum current of setting, measuring car is treated in judgement
The lightning current that electrical equipment on injects magnitude by maximum current is verified, that is, judges the electrical equipment energy on vehicle to be measured
The interference enough generated by the lightning current of this current injection quantity grade, carries out step (8)；
(8) electrical equipment on vehicle to be measured is opened, after electrical equipment works normally, lightning voltage surge generator generates voltage
Injection magnitude is initial lightning voltage,
(9) lightning voltage of step (8) is sent by metal lead wire to discharging terminals, between discharging terminals and the tip of lightning rod
Distance be set in advance in safe distance, i.e., the distance do not discharged then by adjusting the length of pendant, slowly reduces and puts
The distance between tip of electric terminal and lightning rod, until the tip clearance of discharging terminals and lightning rod discharges, the electromagnetism of generation
Effect judges whether the electrical equipment on vehicle to be measured being capable of normal work at this time coupled on the electrical equipment on vehicle to be measured
Make, repeat n times, if can work normally every time, judge that the electrical equipment on vehicle to be measured injects magnitude by this voltage
Lightning voltage verification, carry out step (10)；If electrical equipment is once above to be worked normally, measuring car is treated in judgement
The lightning voltage that electrical equipment on cannot inject magnitude by this voltage is verified, that is, judges the electrical equipment on vehicle to be measured
It can be verified by the lightning voltage of a magnitude lower than this voltage injection magnitude, carry out step (11)；
(10) lightning voltage injection magnitude is adjusted, i.e., the lightning voltage injection magnitude in step (9) is promoted into ceiling voltage every time
The 1/6 of magnitude is injected, repeats step (9), until voltage injection magnitude injects magnitude for the ceiling voltage of setting, measuring car is treated in judgement
Electrical equipment on injects the interference of the lightning voltage generation of magnitude by ceiling voltage, that is, judges electrical on vehicle to be measured
Equipment can inject the interference that the lightning voltage of magnitude generates by this voltage, carry out step (11)；
(11) when step (6) or (7) judge electrical equipment on vehicle to be measured can by current injection quantity grade be more than or equal to and treat
Survey the current preventative magnitude of vehicle needs, and step (9) or step (10) judge electrical equipment on vehicle to be measured can by
Voltage injection magnitude is more than or equal to the voltage protection magnitude of vehicle needs to be measured, then judges that vehicle to be measured possesses thunder and lightning indirect effect
Protective capacities；Otherwise, it is determined that vehicle to be measured does not possess the protective capacities of thunder and lightning indirect effect.
2. a kind of special vehicle vehicle thunder and lightning indirect effect test method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
The material of lead is copper flat woven band.
3. a kind of special vehicle vehicle thunder and lightning indirect effect test method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
The relation of safe distance D and discharge voltage magnitude U between the discharge end of discharging terminals and the tip of lightning rod, equation below：
D=U/3000+1.
4. a kind of special vehicle vehicle thunder and lightning indirect effect test method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
The current injection quantity grade of initial lightning current injects the 1/10~1/5 of magnitude for maximum current.
5. a kind of special vehicle vehicle thunder and lightning indirect effect test method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
The voltage injection magnitude of initial lightning voltage injects the 1/6~1/3 of magnitude for ceiling voltage.
6. a kind of special vehicle vehicle thunder and lightning indirect effect test method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
It is 3~20 meters that vehicle to be measured, which stops with lightning rod horizontal distance L,.
7. a kind of special vehicle vehicle thunder and lightning indirect effect test method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Maximum current injection magnitude is 200kA, and ceiling voltage injection magnitude is 6000kV.
8. a kind of special vehicle vehicle thunder and lightning indirect effect test method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Terminal height is 6~20 meters.
9. a kind of special vehicle vehicle thunder and lightning indirect effect test method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
The waveform of electric current that generates of lightning current surge generator include tetra- segmented waveforms of ABCD, wherein A waveform durations are small
In equal to 500 microseconds, B waveform times are less than or equal to 5 milliseconds, and C waveform durations between for 0.25 second to 1 second, hold by D waveforms
The continuous time is less than or equal to 500 microseconds.
10. a kind of special vehicle vehicle thunder and lightning indirect effect test method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Institute
The waveform for the voltage that the lightning voltage surge generator stated generates be initial 0 volt of time to breakdown voltage be 1.2 microseconds ±
20%, the time of breakdown point to voltage drop by half is 50 microsecond ± 20%.
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| CN107271846B (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2021-07-06 | 西安交通大学 | Device and method for testing lightning stroke effect of optical fiber composite overhead ground wire under initiation of square wave current wave |
| CN107290625B (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2021-07-06 | 西安交通大学 | Device and method for testing lightning stroke effect of optical fiber composite overhead ground wire under initiation of double-exponential current wave |
| CN109490654B (en) * | 2018-07-13 | 2021-04-20 | 中国航空工业集团公司济南特种结构研究所 | Multilayer FSS screen lightning coupling effect test device and test method |
| CN109254229A (en) * | 2018-09-18 | 2019-01-22 | 中国特种飞行器研究所 | The verification method of the lightning protection of captive balloon |
| CN114966171A (en) * | 2022-05-12 | 2022-08-30 | 苏州泰思特电子科技有限公司 | Lightning effect test waveform splicing method and system |
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