CN107271846B - Device and method for testing lightning stroke effect of optical fiber composite overhead ground wire under initiation of square wave current wave - Google Patents
Device and method for testing lightning stroke effect of optical fiber composite overhead ground wire under initiation of square wave current wave Download PDFInfo
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- CN107271846B CN107271846B CN201710488400.5A CN201710488400A CN107271846B CN 107271846 B CN107271846 B CN 107271846B CN 201710488400 A CN201710488400 A CN 201710488400A CN 107271846 B CN107271846 B CN 107271846B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
- G01R31/085—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution lines, e.g. overhead
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/1227—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials
- G01R31/1263—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation
- G01R31/1272—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation of cable, line or wire insulation, e.g. using partial discharge measurements
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for testing the lightning stroke effect of an optical fiber composite overhead ground wire under the initiation of square wave current waves, wherein an optical fiber composite ground cable of a tested product is respectively connected with a double lightning current component testing loop which is connected in parallel between a measurement and control management system through an action gap; the first test loop outputs a first lightning current component with voltage larger than 100kV, electric charge amount not smaller than 10C, average peak current not smaller than 2kA, duration time of 1-5ms and waveform of square wave to a tested article with an action gap, and the second test loop outputs a second lightning current component with direct current amplitude of 100-400A, electric charge amount of 50-200C and duration time of 0.25-0.5 s to the tested article with the action gap. Compared with the existing method which can not simulate the impact force, electromagnetic force and resistance thermal effect of actual lightning stroke on the OPGW, the method can truly simulate the direct effect of the actual lightning stroke on the OPGW.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lightning stroke direct effect tests, and relates to a device and a method for testing a lightning stroke effect of an optical fiber composite overhead ground wire under the initiation of square wave current waves.
Background
With the development of power grid construction and power communication in China, the application of an Optical Fiber Composite Overhead Ground Wire (OPGW) is increasingly wide, and the OPGW plays an increasingly important role in power communication scheduling. The OPGW lightning stroke strand breaking accident happens sometimes, and the lightning stroke strand breaking of the OPGW can influence the safe operation and reliable communication of a power system, so that the research on the lightning stroke strand breaking mechanism of the OPGW and corresponding prevention measures are very important.
The research of OPGW lightning strike broken strand mechanism is a hotspot and a difficulty which are concerned at home and abroad, the lightning strike broken strand measurement technology and the test equipment are key technologies and core equipment for the research of the lightning strike broken strand mechanism, and the OPGW lightning strike direct effect test technology and the test equipment can not meet the requirements of the OPGW lightning strike mechanism research and the technology development. In terms of lightning stroke effect test specifications, European Union and American military standards specify test requirements and lightning components of aircraft lightning strokes, but IEEE 1138 only specifies parameters such as current peak values, electric charge amounts, pulse durations and action gaps (50mm) of long-duration component tests of types 0, 1, 2 and 3 of OPGW lightning strokes, and the parameters of the lightning components are 100A-400A of the current peak values, 50-200C of the electric charge amounts and 0.5s of the duration time respectively, but clear specifications of lightning current component injection modes and waveform parameters are lacked.
At present, only a long-duration lightning current component is considered in an OPGW lightning stroke effect test, and due to the fact that the working voltage of the OPGW lightning stroke effect test is extremely low and cannot break through a 50mm action gap, a tested product can only be bound by a conducting wire (or a fuse) and connected with a long-duration current component generator. The OPGW lightning stroke direct effect test method has no standard dependence, and the laggard test device has become a bottleneck which seriously restricts the research process of the OPGW and the improvement of the operation safety and stability of the power system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the problem of providing a device and a method for testing the lightning stroke effect of the optical fiber composite overhead ground wire under the initiation of square wave current waves, overcomes the unreasonable point of the existing OPGW lightning stroke direct effect test method, and can accurately simulate the impact effect, the electromagnetic force effect and the heat effect of actual lightning stroke on the OPGW.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the device for testing the lightning stroke effect of the optical fiber composite overhead ground wire under the initiation of the square wave current wave is characterized in that a tested optical fiber composite ground cable is respectively connected with two testing loops which are connected in parallel between a measurement and control management system through an action gap;
the first test loop outputs a first lightning current component with voltage larger than 100kV, electric charge amount not smaller than 10C, average peak current not smaller than 2kA, duration time of 1-5ms and waveform of square wave to a tested object with an action gap, and the first lightning current component comprises a first lightning current generation loop, a first coupling/decoupling network DCN and a first current sensor which are sequentially connected; the first lightning current generation loop comprises a charging unit, a discharging unit and a square wave waveform forming unit;
the second test loop outputs a second lightning current component with a direct current amplitude of 100-400A, a charge amount of 50-200C and a duration of 0.25-0.5 s to a tested object with an action gap, and comprises a second lightning current generation loop, a second coupling/decoupling network DCN and a second current sensor which are sequentially connected; the second lightning current generation loop comprises a charging unit, a discharging unit and a waveform forming unit;
the measurement and control management system controls the time sequence parameters of the double test loops and comprises a control unit and a measurement unit; the control unit comprises a main control unit, a programmable logic controller and a micro processing unit which are respectively connected with the main control unit, and the measuring unit comprises an oscilloscope which is connected with the main control unit; the programmable logic controller is respectively connected with the charging unit and the discharging unit of the double test loops; the micro processing unit is connected with the switches of the two test loops through the photoelectric isolation module and the high-voltage trigger module respectively; the oscilloscopes are respectively connected with the current sensors of the two test loops, and the measurement data of the oscilloscopes are uploaded to the main control unit through a wireless network.
The first lightning current component is used for accurately simulating the stray current of lightning strike current at a lightning strike attachment point on a tested object, and can break down and conduct an action gap and inject a second lightning current component into the tested object;
the second lightning current component is a direct current with a substantially constant output voltage.
The first test loop comprises a charging resistor, one end of the charging resistor is connected with a direct-current high-voltage direct-current power supply, and the other end of the charging resistor is connected with one end of a first chain energy storage capacitor C1 and one end of a first chain forming inductor L1; the other end of the first chain forming inductor L1 is connected with the second chain energy storage capacitor C2 and the second chain forming inductor L2, the other end of the N-1 st chain forming inductor LN-1 is connected with the N-th chain energy storage capacitor CN and one end of the N-th chain forming inductor LN, the other end of the N-th chain forming inductor LN is electrically connected with one end of the main switch, the other end of the main switch is connected with one end of the matching resistor, the other end of the matching resistor is connected with one port of the coupling/decoupling network, the other ends of the first chain to the N-th chain energy storage capacitors are connected and connected with one end of the measuring sensor, and the other end of the measuring sensor is grounded;
the second test loop comprises a transformer with an input end connected with a 380V power supply, the output end of the transformer is connected with the full-bridge rectifier module, the high-voltage end of the output of the full-bridge rectifier module is connected with one end of the smoothing reactor, the other end of the smoothing reactor is connected with one end of the main switch, the other end of the main switch is connected with one end of the second coupling/decoupling network DCN, the low-voltage end of the output of the full-bridge rectifier module is connected with the second current measuring sensor, and one end of the second current measuring sensor is grounded;
the other ends of the first coupling/decoupling network DCN and the second coupling/decoupling network DCN are connected together and connected with one end of the action gap, the other end of the action gap is connected with one end of the optical fiber composite overhead ground cable, and the other end of the optical fiber composite overhead ground cable is grounded.
The first coupling/decoupling network DCN ensures that the first lightning current component is accurately applied to the tested object, and prevents the second lightning current component from injecting energy into the first test loop; it is composed of discharge gap, capacitor, resistor or their combination;
the second coupling/decoupling network DCN ensures that the second lightning current component is accurately applied to the tested object, and prevents the first lightning current component from electromagnetic interference and damage to the second test loop; which is a low pass filter or inverse filter.
The measurement and control management system controls the time sequence parameters of the dual test loops through the main control unit, and the measurement and control management system comprises:
the discharge voltage in the first test loop, the discharge interval between the main switch and the Crowbar switch and the distance between the discharge ball gaps of the main switch; the action moments of the first test loop and the second test loop and the time interval between the two lightning current generating loops;
the main control unit also performs the setting of the following parameters: the on/off of the charging unit in the dual lightning current generation circuit, the rise/fall of the charging voltage, the discharge of the test circuit and the emergency stop in the test process.
After receiving the instruction of the control unit, the programmable logic controller performs the sequential control execution of the test mode:
firstly, the control of a charging unit in a first test loop comprises the on/off of high voltage and the rising/falling of the high voltage;
adjusting and controlling a discharge switch in the first test loop, wherein the adjustment comprises the adjustment of the gap distance of the main switch, so that the gap distance of the main switch is adjusted along with the change of the preset discharge voltage;
manually and automatically controlling a main switch in the first test loop, and releasing initially stored energy through a multi-chain waveform forming element to generate a square wave lightning current component waveform with a certain duration and expected design;
the safe discharge control of the energy storage capacitor in the first test loop is realized, and when a system fails or stops a test in the running process, the electromagnetic field energy on the energy storage capacitor element must be discharged completely;
and fifthly, controlling the input/cut-off of the second test loop.
The control of the micro-processing unit comprises:
firstly, accurately controlling the time sequence between a first test loop and a second test loop;
and controlling the input and the cut-off of the second test loop.
The control of the measuring unit is as follows:
setting test parameters related to measurement through a main control unit, wherein the test parameters comprise scale factors of a first current sensor and a second current sensor, an expected value of a first lightning current component amplitude, an expected value of a second lightning current component amplitude and a working mode of an oscilloscope;
and after the main control unit receives a discharge instruction of the lightning current component generating circuit, the main control unit reads the measurement waveform data of the oscilloscope to analyze the test data and display on a screen.
The lightning stroke effect test method of the test device for the lightning stroke effect of the optical fiber composite overhead ground wire under the initiation of the square wave current wave comprises the following operations:
1) starting up after the tested object is ready to be connected, setting time sequence control parameters of the optical fiber composite overhead ground wire dual lightning direct effect test through the main control unit, and transmitting all the control parameters to the micro processing unit;
2) the charging voltage and the discharging voltage of the first test loop and the gap distance of a main discharging switch in the first lightning current initiation component generation loop are set through the main control unit, and the programmable logic controller adjusts the distance of a switch electrode according to the set discharging voltage;
3) a charging power supply is switched on, a first test loop of the optical fiber composite overhead ground wire lightning stroke effect test is charged, and when the micro processing unit detects that the charging voltage of the energy storage capacitor of the first test loop is greater than or equal to the preset discharging voltage, the micro processing unit outputs a first control pulse;
4) the micro-processing unit outputs a first control signal to the optical isolation module, the first control signal is output to the control end of the first high-voltage trigger module through the optical isolation module, the micro-processing unit controls the micro-processing unit to act and outputs a control pulse to a trigger loop of a main switch of the first test loop, and the trigger loop works and enables the main switch of the first test loop to be triggered and conducted;
5) the micro-processing unit enters a timing state after receiving the first control signal output from the micro-control processing unit, outputs a second control signal when the timing time meets a preset time sequence control parameter between a first lightning current component and a second lightning current component, reaches the control end of the second path of trigger control module through the optical isolation module, controls the second path of control module to act and outputs the control signal to close a switch of a second test loop, and the second lightning current component is applied to a tested article; when the switch closing time of the second test loop meets the preset action time of the second lightning current component, the micro-processing unit outputs a control signal to disconnect the switch of the second test loop generation loop; the first lightning current component and the second lightning current component are sequentially and uninterruptedly applied to the optical fiber composite overhead ground wire of the tested object;
6) the first current sensor and the second current sensor extract detection results and input the detection results into the oscilloscope, and the main control unit reads measurement waveform data of the oscilloscope and performs analysis and screen display of test data.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention provides a test method for preferentially applying square wave lightning current initiation components with high discharge voltage, long duration and larger energy before injecting low-voltage long-duration lightning current components, aiming at the current situation that the low-voltage long-duration lightning current components can not be applied to OPGW with gaps to carry out effective lightning stroke test, and the test method can carry out lightning stroke effect test on OPGW with gaps and accurately simulate the impact effect, electromagnetic effect and thermal effect of lightning stroke on the OPGW. The OPGW lightning strike effect test of the present invention includes a first lightning current inducing component (square wave) and a second lightning current component. The rated discharge voltage of the first lightning current component generating loop is about 100kV or higher generally, and the stray current of the lightning current at the lightning strike attachment point can be simulated accurately; the second lightning current component generating loop with long duration is a direct current source with longer duration, and the current amplitude, the charge quantity and the duration of the second lightning current component generating loop meet the requirements that the direct current amplitude is 100-400A, the charge quantity is 50-200C, and the duration is adjustable within 0.5 s.
The first lightning current component of the OPGW lightning stroke effect test adopts an LC chain circuit with a coupling/decoupling network DCN, and the coupling/decoupling network DCN ensures the accurate application of the first lightning current component of square waves to a tested object and the effective inhibition and isolation of a second lightning current component; the second lightning current component of the OPGW lightning stroke effect test is a low-voltage direct-current large current loop with a second coupling/decoupling network, the direct current output is realized through a three-phase rectification and smoothing inductor, and the second coupling/decoupling network has the functions of ensuring the second lightning current component to be accurately applied to a tested object and inhibiting the electromagnetic interference and damage of the first lightning current component.
The control of the OPGW lightning stroke effect test is realized by adopting the main control unit and the programmable logic controller, and the presetting and the accurate control of the time interval between the control switch of the main switch in the first test loop, the control switch of the discharge switch in the second test loop and the first lightning current component and the second lightning current component can be realized.
The traditional test method cannot simulate the impact force, electromagnetic force and resistance thermal effect of actual lightning stroke on the OPGW and the current dispersion effect of the actual lightning stroke, so that the measured test result cannot represent the actual lightning stroke direct effect. The invention adopts the square wave current wave with high working voltage (the discharge voltage is generally about hundred kilovolts or higher) and certain continuous discharge time and current amplitude/energy as the initiation pulse, and can break down the OPGW to be tested with a certain gap distance to conduct the OPGW.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural block diagram of a device and a method for testing a lightning stroke effect of an optical fiber composite overhead ground wire under the initiation of square wave current waves.
FIG. 2a is a diagram illustrating the operation of a conventional test lightning strike direct effect test;
FIG. 2b is a graph of the mode of action of the test for direct effects of lightning strikes of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a first test loop and a second test loop of the OPGW lightning direct effect test of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic waveform diagram of the first lightning current component and the second lightning current component according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a structural diagram of the control system of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is an operation flow of the measurement and control management system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, in the testing device for the lightning stroke effect of the optical fiber composite overhead ground wire under the initiation of the square wave current wave, the optical fiber composite ground cable of the tested product is respectively connected with a double lightning current component testing loop which is connected in parallel between the measurement and control management systems through an action gap;
the first test loop outputs a first lightning current component with voltage larger than 100kV, electric charge amount not smaller than 10C, average peak current not smaller than 2kA, duration time of 1-5ms and waveform of square wave to a tested object with an action gap, and the first lightning current component comprises a first lightning current generation loop, a first coupling/decoupling network DCN and a first current sensor which are sequentially connected; the first lightning current generation loop comprises a charging unit, a discharging unit and a square wave waveform forming unit;
the second test loop outputs a second lightning current component with a direct current amplitude of 100-400A, a charge amount of 50-200C and a duration of 0.25-0.5 s to a tested object with an action gap, and comprises a second lightning current generation loop, a second coupling/decoupling network DCN and a second current sensor which are sequentially connected; the second lightning current generation loop comprises a charging unit, a discharging unit and a waveform forming unit;
the measurement and control management system controls the time sequence parameters of the double test loops and comprises a control unit and a measurement unit; the control unit comprises a main control unit, a programmable logic controller and a micro processing unit which are respectively connected with the main control unit, and the measuring unit comprises an oscilloscope which is connected with the main control unit; the programmable logic controller is respectively connected with the charging unit and the discharging unit of the double test loops; the micro processing unit is connected with the switches of the two test loops through the photoelectric isolation module and the high-voltage trigger module respectively; the oscilloscopes are respectively connected with the current sensors of the two test loops, and the measurement data of the oscilloscopes are uploaded to the main control unit through a wireless network.
The device comprises a first lightning current generation loop, a second lightning current generation loop, a first coupling/decoupling network DCN, a second coupling/decoupling network DCN, a tested optical fiber composite ground cable, a first current sensor, a second current sensor, an action gap, an OPGW and a measurement and control management system. The measurement and control unit mainly comprises an industrial control computer, a programmable logic controller, a special control circuit and an oscilloscope.
The main function of the first lightning current component of the two continuous time sequences is to apply amplitude and energy which can simulate the direct lightning in the natural environment to a tested object, the working voltage is higher and is generally not lower than hundred kilovolts, the current amplitude is generally 5-20kA, the duration is generally within 1-5ms, the action gap can be broken down and conducted, and the second lightning current component can be successfully initiated and injected; the main function of the low-voltage long-duration lightning current generator is to provide large energy or large charge transmission quantity for a tested product;
referring to fig. 1, the first coupling/decoupling network DCN has two roles: firstly, the energy of the first lightning current component can be applied to the OPGW, and on the other hand, the influence of the subsequent second lightning current component on the first test loop and the shunting influence of the first test loop on the load can be inhibited;
the second coupling/decoupling network DCN has a similar function to the first coupling/decoupling network, and on one hand, ensures that the second lightning current component can be applied to the OPGW of the tested object, and on the other hand, can suppress the influence and damage of the first lightning current component on the second lightning current component generating loop.
Referring to fig. 1, the first current sensor and the second current sensor are used for accurately extracting a first lightning current component waveform and a second lightning current component waveform respectively; the action gap is used for simulating the action situation of actual lightning stroke on the OPGW. The main tasks of the computer measurement and control system are to control the operation of the generator, measure the lightning current waveform and analyze and process the data.
Referring to fig. 2 a-2 b, the difference between the OPGW dual continuous uninterrupted time sequence lightning direct effect test method of the present invention and the traditional test method is whether the test of lightning direct effect can be performed on the OPGW with an action gap, and the actual lightning strike action process on the OPGW in a real mode.
In the conventional test method shown in fig. 2a, because the lightning current component is a low-voltage long-duration current source, and because the output voltage is low (mostly, 24V-48V battery is adopted for power supply), the direct lightning stroke effect test cannot be performed on the OPGW test sample with the action gap, and the direct-current long-duration power source has to be fixedly connected to the tested sample through electrical connection, the test method cannot simulate the impact force, electromagnetic force and resistance thermal effect of actual lightning stroke on the OPGW, and cannot simulate the current dissipation effect of actual lightning stroke, so that the measured test result cannot represent the actual lightning stroke direct effect.
The test method shown in fig. 2b adopts a square wave current wave with high working voltage (generally, the discharge voltage is about hundred kilovolts or higher) and with certain duration discharge time and current amplitude/energy as an initiation pulse, so that the OPGW to be tested with a certain gap distance can be punctured to be conducted, and since the first lightning current initiation component has a certain current amplitude and duration, the second lightning current component can be successfully injected, and the lightning stroke effect of actual lightning stroke on the OPGW can be truly simulated.
Referring to fig. 3, the OPGW lightning strike effect test of the present invention includes a first lightning current component and a second lightning current component generating loop, where the first lightning current component adopts a high-efficiency Crowbar loop, and the loop includes two discharging switches: a main switch and a Crowbar switch.
The first test loop comprises an energy storage capacitor, a formed inductor, a main switch and a measuring sensor. The second test loop is used for carrying out full-bridge rectification and smoothing on the alternating voltage to obtain a direct-current power supply with strong loading capacity and basically constant output voltage.
Referring to fig. 3, one end of the charging resistor of the first test loop (the first lightning current component generating loop) is connected to the dc high voltage dc power supply, the other end is connected to the input two ports of the energy storage capacitor-inductor chain, the high voltage end of the two output ports of the energy storage capacitor-inductor chain is connected to one end of the main switch, the other end of the main switch is connected to one port of the coupling/decoupling network, the low voltage end of the two output ports of the energy storage capacitor-inductor chain is connected to one port of the current measuring sensor, and the other port of the current measuring sensor is grounded. If the measuring sensor is of an electromagnetic induction type, the measuring sensor is directly sleeved on a connecting line for outputting the energy storage capacitor-inductor chain to the ground.
Specifically, one end of the charging resistor is connected with a direct-current high-voltage direct-current power supply, and the other end of the charging resistor is connected with one end of a first chain energy storage capacitor C1 and one end of a first chain forming inductor L1; the other end of the first chain forming inductor L1 is connected with the second chain energy storage capacitor C2 and the second chain forming inductor L2, the other end of the N-1 st chain forming inductor LN-1 is connected with the N-th chain energy storage capacitor CN and one end of the N-th chain forming inductor LN, the other end of the N-th chain forming inductor LN is electrically connected with one end of the main switch, the other end of the main switch is connected with one end of the matching resistor, the other end of the matching resistor is connected with one port of the coupling/decoupling network, the other ends of the first chain to the N-th chain energy storage capacitors are connected and connected with one end of the measuring sensor, and the other end of the measuring sensor is grounded.
The input end of the transformer of the second test loop is connected with a 380V power supply, the output end of the transformer of the second test loop is connected with the full-bridge rectifier module, the high-voltage end of the output of the full-bridge rectifier module is connected with one end of the smoothing reactor, the other end of the smoothing reactor is connected with one end of the main switch, the other end of the main switch is connected with one end of the coupling/decoupling network, the low-voltage end of the output of the full-bridge rectifier module is connected with the current measuring sensor, and the other end of.
The other ends of the first and second coupling/decoupling networks DCN are all connected together and to one end of the active gap, the other end of the active gap being terminated by one end of the optical fibre composite overhead ground cable OPGW, the other end of the optical fibre composite overhead ground cable OPGW being grounded.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the waveform of the first lightning current component is a unipolar wave, the average discharge current peak value of the first lightning current component is generally at least 2kA, and the duration of the first lightning current component is not less than 1-5 ms; the long-duration second lightning current component generation loop is a direct current source with longer duration, and the current amplitude, the charge quantity and the duration of the long-duration second lightning current component generation loop meet the requirements that the direct current amplitude is 100 and 400A (adjustable), the charge quantity is 50-200C (adjustable), and the duration is adjustable within 0.5 s.
The first square wave lightning current component generating loop has the characteristics of high discharge voltage and long duration, can apply initial energy to the optical fiber composite overhead ground wire with a certain action gap and ensures effective initiation injection of a second lightning current component in the middle of the follow-up operation; the rated discharge voltage of the first lightning current initiation component generation loop is about 100kV or higher generally, and the stray current of the lightning current at the lightning strike attachment point can be simulated accurately; the long-duration second lightning current component generation loop is a direct current source with longer duration, and the current amplitude, the charge quantity and the duration of the long-duration second lightning current component generation loop meet the requirements that the direct current amplitude is 100 and 400A (adjustable), the charge quantity is 50-200C (adjustable), and the duration is adjustable within 0.5 s.
Referring to fig. 3, the OPGW lightning strike effect test of the present invention includes that the first lightning current component and the second lightning current component generating loop are both provided with a coupling/decoupling network, wherein the first coupling/decoupling network DCN is used to ensure the accurate application of the first lightning current component to the test object and the effective isolation of the second lightning current component, and to prevent the second lightning current component from affecting and damaging the first test loop;
the second coupling/decoupling network DCN functions to ensure accurate application of the first lightning current component to the test article and to suppress influence and destruction of the first lightning current component. In this sense, the second coupling/decoupling network DCN is essentially a low-pass filter or inverse filter.
The coupling/decoupling network of the first lightning current component may generally be accomplished with a discharge gap, a capacitor, a resistor, or a combination thereof; the coupling/decoupling network of the second lightning current component may be a low-pass network consisting of an inductor and a capacitor, or a low-pass network consisting of an inductor and a protection element.
Referring to fig. 5, the measurement and control unit of the optical fiber composite overhead ground wire dual lightning direct attack effect test is divided into a control unit and a measurement unit. The control unit is composed of a main control unit (an industrial control computer), a programmable logic controller, a microcomputer processing unit, an optical isolation module and a high-voltage trigger module; the measuring unit consists of an industrial control computer and an oscilloscope.
The operating principle of the control unit is described as follows:
the main control unit (industrial control computer) is mainly used for setting test parameters, controlling the time sequence of a test mode, controlling the test state and displaying on line. The test parameters can be set on a measurement and control software interface of an industrial control computer, and include the discharge voltage of a first lightning current component generation loop, the discharge interval between a main switch and a Crowbar switch, and the distance between discharge ball gaps of the main switch; the action time of the first lightning current component generating circuit and the second lightning current component generating circuit, the time interval between the two lightning current generating circuits and the like; the test state control and display mainly comprises the on/off of a charging power supply of the double lightning current generation loop, the rising/lowering of charging voltage, the discharging of the generation loop, the emergency stop in the test process and the like.
The programmable logic controller is used for controlling execution of the received time sequence of the test mode, and comprises the following steps:
the control of the charging unit of the first lightning current component generating circuit mainly comprises the on/off of high voltage and the rising/falling of high voltage.
Adjusting and controlling a discharge switch of the first lightning current component generating circuit, wherein the adjusting and controlling mainly comprises adjusting the gap distance of the main switch, so that the gap distance of the main switch can be automatically adjusted along with the change of the preset discharge voltage.
Thirdly, the energy initially stored by the system can be released through a waveform forming component by manual and automatic control of a main switch of the first lightning current component generating loop, and a lightning current component waveform with expected design is generated.
And fourthly, safe discharge control of the energy storage capacitor in the first lightning current component generation loop is realized, and when a system fails or stops a test in the operation process, electromagnetic field energy on the energy storage capacitor element must be discharged completely, so that an accident caused by illegal touch when an operator enters a test area is avoided.
Control of input/cut-off of second lightning current component with long duration.
The main functions of the microcomputer processing unit mainly include the following aspects:
firstly, accurately controlling a main switch in a first lightning current component generating loop for a lightning stroke effect test of the optical fiber composite overhead ground wire;
secondly, accurately controlling the time sequence between the first lightning current component and the second lightning current component of the lightning stroke effect test;
and thirdly, controlling the input and the cut-off of the second lightning current component.
The working principle of the measuring unit is described as follows:
(1) test parameters related to measurement are set on a measurement and control software interface of an industrial control computer, and the test parameters comprise a first current sensor, a second current sensor, a first lightning current component amplitude expected value and a second lightning current component amplitude expected value which need to be tested, and a working mode of an oscilloscope.
(2) The first lightning current component and the second lightning current component are extracted through the first current sensor and the second current sensor and input into the oscilloscope, and after the industrial control computer receives a discharge instruction of a lightning current component generating loop, the industrial control computer reads measurement waveform data of the oscilloscope through the optical network port and then analyzes test data and performs screen output display.
Referring to fig. 6, the measurement and control process of the optical fiber composite overhead ground wire lightning stroke effect test of the invention is as follows:
1) and opening a main loop of the OPGW lightning direct effect test, a microcomputer processing unit, a programmable logic controller and a power supply of a computer measurement and control management system.
2) And starting an operation program of the computer measurement and control management system.
3) A charging power supply is switched on, a first test loop of the optical fiber composite overhead ground wire lightning stroke effect test is charged, and when the micro processing unit detects that the charging voltage of the energy storage capacitor of the first test loop is greater than or equal to the preset discharging voltage, the micro processing unit outputs a first control pulse;
4) the micro-processing unit outputs a first control signal to the optical isolation module, the first control signal is output to the control end of the first high-voltage trigger module through the optical isolation module, the micro-processing unit controls the micro-processing unit to act and outputs a control pulse to a trigger loop of a main switch of the first test loop, and the trigger loop works and enables the main switch of the first test loop to be triggered and conducted;
5) the micro-processing unit enters a timing state after receiving the first control signal output from the micro-control processing unit, outputs a second control signal when the timing time meets a preset time sequence control parameter between a first lightning current component and a second lightning current component, reaches the control end of the second path of trigger control module through the optical isolation module, controls the second path of control module to act and outputs the control signal to close a switch of a second test loop, and the second lightning current component is applied to a tested article;
when the switch closing time of the second test loop meets the preset action time of the second lightning current component, the micro-processing unit outputs a control signal to disconnect the switch of the second test loop generation loop; the first lightning current component and the second lightning current component are sequentially and uninterruptedly applied to the optical fiber composite overhead ground wire of the tested object;
6) the first current sensor and the second current sensor extract detection results and input the detection results into the oscilloscope, and the main control unit reads measurement waveform data of the oscilloscope and performs analysis and screen display of test data.
The embodiments given above are preferable examples for implementing the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. Any non-essential addition and replacement made by the technical characteristics of the technical scheme of the invention by a person skilled in the art belong to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The method for testing the lightning stroke effect of the optical fiber composite overhead ground wire under the initiation of square wave current waves is characterized in that,
the method comprises the following operations: 1) starting up after the tested object is ready to be connected, setting time sequence control parameters of the optical fiber composite overhead ground wire dual lightning direct effect test through the main control unit, and transmitting all the control parameters to the micro processing unit;
2) the charging voltage and the discharging voltage of the first square wave initiation test loop and the gap distance of a main discharging switch in the first lightning current generation loop are set through the main control unit, and the programmable logic controller adjusts the distance of a switch electrode according to the set discharging voltage;
3) the method comprises the steps that a charging power supply is connected, a first square wave initiation test loop of the optical fiber composite overhead ground wire lightning stroke effect test is charged, and when the micro processing unit detects that the charging voltage of an energy storage capacitor of the first square wave initiation test loop is larger than or equal to the preset discharging voltage, the micro processing unit outputs a first control pulse;
4) the first control pulse of the micro-processing unit is output to the photoelectric isolation module, is output to the control end of the first path of high-voltage trigger module through the photoelectric isolation module, controls the action of the micro-processing unit and outputs a path of control pulse to a trigger loop of a main discharge switch in a first lightning current generation loop, and the trigger loop works and enables the first square wave to trigger and conduct the main switch of the test loop;
5) the micro processing unit enters a timing state after receiving a first control pulse output of the micro processing unit from the micro processing unit, and when the timing time meets a preset time sequence control parameter between a first lightning current component and a second lightning current component, the micro processing unit outputs a second control signal, the second control signal reaches a control end of a second path of control module through the photoelectric isolation module, controls the second path of control module to act and outputs the control signal to close a switch of a second test loop, and the second lightning current component is applied to a tested article; when the switch closing time of the second test loop generating loop meets the preset action time of the second lightning current component, the micro-processing unit outputs a control signal to disconnect the switch of the second test loop generating loop; the first lightning current component and the second lightning current component are sequentially and uninterruptedly applied to the optical fiber composite overhead ground wire of the tested object;
6) the first current sensor and the second current sensor extract the detection results and input the detection results into the oscilloscope, and the main control unit reads the measurement waveform data of the oscilloscope to analyze the test data and display the test data on a screen
The device of the method is that the tested product optical fiber composite ground cable is respectively connected with a double lightning current component test loop which is connected in parallel between the measurement and control management systems through action gaps;
the first square wave triggering test circuit outputs a first lightning current component with voltage larger than 100kV, electric charge quantity not smaller than 10C, average peak current not smaller than 2kA, duration time of 1-5ms and waveform of square wave to a tested object with an action gap, and the first lightning current component comprises a first lightning current generation circuit, a first coupling/decoupling network DCN1 and a first current sensor which are sequentially connected; the first lightning current generation loop comprises a charging unit, a discharging unit and a square wave waveform forming unit; the second test loop outputs a second lightning current component with a direct current amplitude of 100-400A, a charge amount of 50-200C and a duration of 0.25-0.5 s to a tested article with an action gap, and comprises a second lightning current generation loop, a second coupling/decoupling network DCN2 and a second current sensor which are connected in sequence; the second lightning current generation loop comprises a charging unit, a discharging unit and a waveform forming unit; the measurement and control management system controls the time sequence parameters of the double test loops and comprises a control unit and a measurement unit; the control unit comprises a main control unit, a programmable logic controller and a micro processing unit which are respectively connected with the main control unit, and the measuring unit comprises an oscilloscope which is connected with the main control unit; the programmable logic controller is respectively connected with the charging unit and the discharging unit of the double test loops; the micro-processing unit is connected with a switch of a first square wave initiation test loop through a photoelectric isolation module and a first path of high-voltage trigger module respectively, and is connected with a switch of a second test loop through the photoelectric isolation module and a second path of control module; the oscilloscopes are respectively connected with the current sensors of the two test loops, and the measurement data of the oscilloscopes are uploaded to the main control unit through a wireless network;
the measurement and control management system controls the time sequence parameters of the double lightning current test loops through the control unit, and the measurement and control management system comprises:
the first square wave induces the discharge voltage in the test loop and the distance between the main switch discharge ball gaps; the action moments of the first square wave initiation test loop and the second test loop and the time interval between the double lightning current generation loops; the control unit also performs the setting of the following parameters: the on/off of a charging unit in a double lightning current generation loop, the rising/lowering of charging voltage, the discharging of a test loop and the emergency stop in the test process;
the first coupling/decoupling network DCN1 ensures that the first lightning current component is accurately applied to the tested object, and prevents the second lightning current component from inducing energy of the test loop to the first square wave; it is composed of discharge gap, capacitor and resistor; the second coupling/decoupling network DCN2 ensures the accurate application of the second lightning current component to the tested object and inhibits the electromagnetic interference and damage of the first lightning current component to the second test loop; which is a low pass filter or inverse filter.
2. The method for testing the lightning stroke effect of the optical fiber composite overhead ground wire under the initiation of the square wave current wave according to claim 1, wherein the first lightning current component is the stray current of the simulated lightning stroke current applied to the tested object at the lightning stroke attachment point, and can break down and conduct the action gap and effectively initiate and inject the second lightning current component; the second lightning current component is a direct current with a constant output voltage.
3. The method for testing the lightning stroke effect of the optical fiber composite overhead ground wire under the initiation of the square wave current wave according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises a first square wave initiation test loop, a second test loop and an OPGW lightning stroke direct effect test formed by the two test loops: the first square wave initiation test loop comprises a charging resistor, one end of the charging resistor is connected with a direct-current high-voltage direct-current power supply, and the other end of the charging resistor is connected with one end of a first chain energy storage capacitor C1 and one end of a first chain forming inductor L1; the other end of the first chain forming inductor L1 is connected with the second chain energy storage capacitor C2 and the second chain forming inductor L2, the other end of the N-1 st chain forming inductor LN-1 is connected with the Nth chain energy storage capacitor CN and one end of the Nth chain forming inductor LN, the other end of the Nth chain forming inductor LN is electrically connected with one end of the main switch, the other end of the main switch is connected with one end of the matching resistor, the other end of the matching resistor is connected with one port of the first coupling/decoupling network DCN1, the other ends of the first chain to the Nth chain energy storage capacitors are connected and connected with one end of the first current sensor CT1, and the other end of the first current sensor CT1 is grounded; the second test loop comprises a transformer with an input end connected with a 380V power supply, the output end of the transformer is connected with the full-bridge rectifier module, the high-voltage end of the output of the full-bridge rectifier module is connected with one end of a smoothing reactor, the other end of the smoothing reactor is connected with one end of a main switch, the other end of the main switch is connected with one end of a second coupling/decoupling network DCN2, the low-voltage end of the output of the full-bridge rectifier module is connected with one end of a second current sensor CT2, and the other end of the second current sensor CT2 is grounded; the other ends of the first coupling/decoupling network DCN1 and the second coupling/decoupling network DCN2 are connected together and are connected with one end of the action gap, the other end of the action gap is connected with one end of the optical fiber composite overhead ground cable, and the other end of the optical fiber composite overhead ground cable is grounded.
4. The method for testing the lightning stroke effect of the optical fiber composite overhead ground wire under the initiation of the square wave current wave according to claim 1, wherein the programmable logic controller performs the time sequence control execution of the test mode after receiving the instruction of the main control unit:
firstly, a first square wave triggers the control of a charging unit in a test loop, including the on/off of high voltage and the rising/falling of the high voltage;
adjusting and controlling a discharge switch in the first square wave initiation test loop, wherein the adjustment of the gap distance of the discharge switch in the first square wave initiation test loop is included, so that the gap distance of the main switch is adjusted along with the change of preset discharge voltage;
thirdly, the first square wave causes manual and automatic control of a main switch in a test loop, and initially stored energy can be released through a multi-chain waveform forming component to generate a square wave lightning current component waveform with a certain duration and expected design;
the first square wave causes the safe discharge control of the energy storage capacitor in the test loop, and when the system fails or stops the test in the running process, the electromagnetic field energy on the energy storage capacitor element must be completely discharged;
and fifthly, controlling the input/cut-off of the second test loop.
5. The method for testing the lightning stroke effect of the optical fiber composite overhead ground wire induced by the square wave current wave according to claim 1, wherein the control of the micro-processing unit comprises: firstly, a first square wave triggers the accurate control of a main switch in a test loop;
the first square wave causes the accurate control of the time sequence between the test loop and the second test loop;
and thirdly, the input and the cut-off control of the second test loop.
6. The method for testing the lightning stroke effect of the optical fiber composite overhead ground wire under the initiation of the square wave current wave according to claim 1, wherein the control of the measuring unit is as follows:
setting test parameters related to measurement through a main control unit, wherein the test parameters comprise scale factors of a first current sensor and a second current sensor, an expected value of a first lightning current component amplitude, an expected value of a second lightning current component amplitude and a working mode of an oscilloscope; and after the main control unit receives a discharge instruction of the lightning current component generating circuit, the main control unit reads the measurement waveform data of the oscilloscope to analyze the test data and display on a screen.
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