CN105494185B - A kind of method of spring fish artificial propagation - Google Patents
A kind of method of spring fish artificial propagation Download PDFInfo
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- CN105494185B CN105494185B CN201510888912.1A CN201510888912A CN105494185B CN 105494185 B CN105494185 B CN 105494185B CN 201510888912 A CN201510888912 A CN 201510888912A CN 105494185 B CN105494185 B CN 105494185B
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method of spring fish artificial propagation, step is：1）Screening is ripe, the spring fish of vigor is as parent；2）Parent culture：A) outdoor tank-culture is selected as culture pond；b）Stimulated using pituitary intramuscular injection combination water level regulation and promote parent's gonad development, cultivated；3) artificial induced spawning：Mid-April water temperature reach after, draw in the net to select the parent that reaches maturity, using two pin injections carry out artificial induced spawning；4) ovum artificial collection：Carry out live body semen collection ovum；5) artificial insemination：Artificial insemination is carried out to smart ovum individual；6) artificial incubation：Embryonated egg is cleaned with Spawning water, talcum powder or fresh milk unsticking is added, cleans up, outstanding SAST's hatching frame is poured into, dead ovum is chosen after hatching；After fry yolk bag disappears flat trip, incubation equipment is removed, is transferred to the cultivation of seed rearing cylinder.Easy to implement the method, easy to operate, its fertility rate and hatchability is high, and survival rate and bait utilization are high, and the wilder individual of the speed of growth is fast.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to aqua-marine life plasm resource protection technical field, is more particularly to a kind of spring fish artificial breeding
The method grown.The spring fish Natural Population that is particularly suitable for use in recovers and artificial conservation.
Background technology
Spring fish Pseudogy rincheilus procheilus (Sauvage etDabry), category Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae,
Labeoninae, spring fish category, local name：Spring fish, oily fish.Lower floor in the larger waters of rivers flow velocity is inhabited, likes living
There is the place of fountainhead in mountain stream and the grotto of tool flowing water, and rivers.The animals and plants of food attachment are often scraped on the bed rock stone of river with mouth
And other organic substances, seldom into stratum in the hydrostatic water body of sludge, breeding season trip is upstream laid eggs.It is general long to weight
1-1.5 kilograms of beginning reaches sexal maturity.About in the 3-4 months, ovum originates in crack of stone or pit hole egg-laying time.Spring fish is distributed in Upper Yangtze River
And its tributary water system, the Wujiang River, Bei Panjiang, Chishui River, Song Kanhe are distributed in Guizhou.Belonging to Wujiang River Guizhou river section has Important Economic
It is worth fish.Live in the flowing water in rivers mountain stream and have in the streams of fountainhead, be a kind of middle lower floor fish, 3-4 months are upward
Migration lay eggs in crack of stone or pit hole (《Fauna Sinica-Osteichthyes-Cypriniformes》).Because nature and human factor influence,
The atrophy increasingly of spring fish suitable habitats, germ plasm resource are destroyed, and stock number downward trend is obvious.With artificial propagation, seed
Cultivate and various breeding way reach its maturity, and China is to the pay attention to day by day of aquatic ecological health protection, using artificial breeding
Plantation technology protection spring fish resource turns into most effective means.But because spring fish is slow-growing, stock number falls sharply, raun
Absolute fish brood amount is small, and for male and female individual without obvious secondary sex characters, river progressive failure causes germ plasm resource to recover difficulty increase.
2010-2015, in several ways parent culture and artificial induced spawning reproduction test are explored, and are worked out a kind of ripe, efficient
Spring fish parent fish is cultivated and artificial induced spawning technology, improves embryonated egg, incubation rate and weed survival rate.
The content of the invention
In view of the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to be the provision of a kind of spring fish artificial fecundation method, easy to implement the method,
Easy to operate, parent population has stable egg laying amount and ejaculation volume, and its fertility rate and hatchability is high, and resulting bottle is good for for seed fish body
Strong, well-balanced, survival rate and bait utilization are high, and the wilder individual of the speed of growth is fast.
To achieve these goals, the present invention uses following technical measures：
A kind of method of spring fish artificial propagation, its step are：
1) ripe, energetic spring fish is screened as parent；Screen body long 18-30cm, 2-3 age spring fish is as parent
This；
2) parent's reinforced cultivating：
A) 15 × 25 × 1.3m of length, width and height outdoor tank-cultures are selected to be cultivated as culture pond, miniflow water environment, rate of water make-up
2.5-3.5m3/ h, cultivation density are 80-100 tails/pond, and bottom of pond is using gravel, cobblestone, from water inlet to delivery port with 24-
26 ° of gradient layings, thickness 28-32cm；Feed a variety of bait sources such as artifical compound feed, bread worm, romaine lettuce；From mid-March
Start, using 1kw sewage pumps carry out stimulation by running water, 2-3 times weekly, each 3-5 hours；
B) from the beginning of 4 months by the end of March, stimulated using pituitary intramuscular injection combination water level regulation and promote parent's gonad development.Draw
Net checks developmental state, selects coefficient of condition preferably individual and carries out reinforced cultivating, 0.1g/kg pituitaries intramuscular injection sustained release rush property
Gland is developed；After water temperature reaches 15-17 DEG C, increase bath frequency of stimulation, 2 days once, each 3-5 hours, carries out a water weekly
Position regulation stimulates, range of stage 0.5-0.8m；
3) artificial induced spawning：Mid-April water temperature reach 15-17 DEG C after, draw in the net to select the parent that reaches maturity, using two pins note
Penetrate method and carry out artificial induced spawning.First pin 11:00 3 μ g/kg luteinizing hormone releasing hormones (LHRH-A of injection2), the second pin
21:30 injection 500 units/kg efficient induced spawnings agent (salmon hormone), seminal fluid extrusion capacity is equal before milter is injected according to the second pin, subtracts
Partly or do not inject；Parent is raised together in spawning inducing pool, spawning inducing pool depth of water 0.7-0.9m, pond depth 1.2-1.4m after injecting oxytocic drug,
The flat pond bath of 1kw sewage pumps, outlet pipe top 3 × 4m wooden frame Shading net coverings, prevents parent from jumping out spawning inducing pool；
4) ovum artificial collection：9-11h starts observation parent afterwards for second pin injection, 500 units/kg efficient induced spawnings agent (salmon hormone)
This state, draw in the net within every 2 hours to check once using the extruding of the belly rhythm and pace of moving things, carry out live body semen collection ovum；
5) artificial insemination：Artificial insemination is carried out to smart ovum individual can be guessed, seminal fluid is squeezed on ovum after first adopting ovum, extrudes 2-
4 deutovums 1 drip seminal fluid, with feather gentle agitation 1-2 minutes clockwise, carry out artificial insemination；
6) artificial incubation：Embryonated egg is subjected to 2-3 cleaning with Spawning water, talcum powder or fresh is added when cleaning for the first time
Milk unsticking, it is to be cleaned clean, after ovum grain adhesion, pour into outstanding SAST's hatching frame or wooden hatching frame hatching, hatching density are
3000-4000 grains/m3, choose dead ovum in time after hatching 22-26h；After fry yolk bag disappears flat trip, incubation equipment is removed,
It is transferred to the cultivation of one-level seed rearing cylinder.When water temperature is 17-19 DEG C, the incubation of membrane time is 100-110h, and water temperature is 20-23 DEG C
When, the incubation of membrane time is 81-94h.
A is cultivated using male and female mixed breeding mode in described step 2, feeds artifical compound feed (high imperial board Yellow cartfish adult
Material), bread worm, a variety of bait sources such as green vegetables (romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce etc.)；
Described bread worm refers generally to yellow meal worm, and yellow meal worm is called bread worm, and coleoptera is under the jurisdiction of on entomological taxonomy,
Tenebrionidae, meal beetle Eimeria (Tenebrio).North America is originated in, introduces China's raising from the Soviet Union fifties, yellow meal worm does
Product fatty 30%, more than 50% is up to containing protein, additionally contains macroelements such as phosphorus, potassium, iron, sodium, aluminium and a variety of micro-
Secondary element.Contain 60% because dry Yellow meal worm larva contains 57%, adult containing protein 40% or so, pupa, be described as " protein feeding
Expect treasure-house ".
The present invention compared with prior art, has advantages below and effect：
1. with stable incubation rate of hastening parturition：Generally, spring fish female individuals gonad development is early compared with milter, individual
Between significant difference, gonad development is asynchronous, and the absolute fish brood amount of raun is low, and embryonated egg, incubation rate and survival rate are all low, male and female
Body is difficult without obvious secondary sex characters difference, scale breeding.The present invention combines spring fish biology and breeding ecology characteristic, adopts
Manually control measures, induced spawning and breeding is carried out, its spawning rate is up to 60%, and embryonated egg is up to 80%, and incubation rate is up to 85%, completely
Suitable for seed large-scale production, so as to recover for spring fish plasm resource protection and its Natural Population.
2. there is stronger operability：The present invention by a variety of artificial regulatory technologies, solve secondary sex characters unobvious,
Male and female develop the problem such as asynchronous, can guarantee that being smoothed out for artificial breeding, method is relatively easy, workable.
3. artificial breeding seed has the advantage that substantially：1) fry is physically fit, well-balanced, and survival rate is high, bait utilization
It is high；2) the wilder individual of the speed of growth is fast, has good adaptability in natural environment；3) fry resistance against diseases is stronger, easily
In domestication, cultivated through 5 months, seed body length can reach 3-5cm, meets artificial releasing's requirement, is advantageous to Natural Population
Maintain and recover.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is further described.
Embodiment 1：
A kind of method of spring fish artificial propagation, its step are：
1) ripe, energetic spring fish is screened as parent；Screen body grow 18 or 20 or 23 or 25 or 28 or 30cm, 2
Or 3 or more than 3 age spring fish as parent；
2) parent's reinforced cultivating：
A) 15 × 25 × 1.3m of length, width and height outdoor tank-cultures are selected to be cultivated as culture pond, miniflow water environment, rate of water make-up 2.5
Or 3 or 3.5m3/ h, it is 80 or 90 or 100 tails/pond to cultivate density, and bottom of pond is using gravel, cobblestone, from water inlet to delivery port
Laid with 24 or 25 or 26 ° of gradients, thickness is 28 or 29 or 30 or 31 or 32cm；Feed artifical compound feed (high imperial board Huang forehead
Fish is into fish material), bread worm, a variety of bait sources such as green vegetables (romaine lettuce, leaf lettuce etc.)；Since mid-March, using 1kw sewage pumps
Progress stimulation by running water, 2 or 3 times weekly, every time 3 or 4 or 5 hours；
B) certainly at the beginning of 4 months by the end of March, draw in the net to check developmental state, select coefficient of condition preferably individual and carry out reinforced cultivating,
0.1g/kg pituitaries intramuscular injection sustained release promotees gonad development；Water temperature is up to after 15 or 16 or 17 DEG C, increase bath frequency of stimulation, 2 days
Once, every time 3 or 4 or 5 hours, carrying out a water level regulation weekly stimulated, and range of stage is 0.5 or 0.6 or 0.8m；
3) artificial induced spawning：Mid-April water temperature reach 15 or 16 or 17 DEG C after, draw in the net to select the parent that reaches maturity, using two
Pin injection carries out artificial induced spawning.First pin 11:00 3 μ g/kg LHRH-A of injection2, the second pin 21:30 injection 500 units/kg
Efficient induced spawning agent (salmon hormone), squeezed before the injection 500 units/kg efficient induced spawnings agent (salmon hormone) of the pin of milter second according to seminal fluid
Output selection is equal, halves or does not inject；Injecting 500 units/kg efficient induced spawnings agent (salmon hormone), parent's mixed breeding is being hastened parturition afterwards
Pond, the spawning inducing pool depth of water 0.7 or 0.8 or 0.9m, pond deep 1.2 or 1.3 or the flat pond bath of 1.4m, 1kw sewage pump, outlet pipe top is used
3 × 4m wooden frame Shading net coverings, prevent parent from jumping out spawning inducing pool
4) ovum artificial collection：9 or 10 or 11h starts to see afterwards for second pin injection, 500 units/kg efficient induced spawnings agent (salmon hormone)
Parent's state is examined, draws in the net within every 2 hours to check once using the extruding of the belly rhythm and pace of moving things, carries out live body semen collection ovum；
5) artificial insemination：Artificial insemination is carried out to smart ovum individual can be guessed, seminal fluid is squeezed on ovum after first adopting ovum, extrudes 2
Or 3 or 4 deutovum 1 drip seminal fluid, with feather gentle agitation 1 clockwise or 2 minutes, carry out artificial insemination；
6) artificial incubation：By embryonated egg with Spawning water carry out 2 or 3 times cleaning, for the first time clean when add talcum powder or
Fresh milk (common) unsticking, it is to be cleaned clean, after ovum grain adhesion, outstanding SAST's hatching frame or wooden hatching frame hatching are poured into, is incubated
Change density is 3000 or 3500 or 4000/m3, choose dead ovum in time after hatching 22 or 23 or 24 or 25 or 26h；Treat fry ovum
Yellow capsule disappears after flat trip, removes incubation equipment, is transferred to the cultivation of one-level seed rearing cylinder.
Amount within 2015 and carried out 19 batches and hasten parturition experiment, obtain 5.0 ten thousand, embryonated egg, 3.1 ten thousand tails of emergence.Wherein April
Carry out 3 batches to hasten parturition, raun development is inadequate, fails to obtain embryonated egg；Carry out 6 batches May to hasten parturition, obtain 1.3 ten thousand, embryonated egg；June
Carry out 7 batches to hasten parturition, obtain 3.2 ten thousand, embryonated egg；Carry out 3 batches July to hasten parturition, obtain 5000, embryonated egg.Success rate of hastening parturition 40-
80%, the mean spawning rate 64.7%, average embryonated egg is up to 80%, and incubation rate is up to 85%.
1 2015 years spring fish artificial propagation record sheets of table
A kind of above-mentioned spring fish artificial fecundation method, has advantages below：
By artificial regulatory envirment factor, make female male parent gonad development basic synchronization, solve female male parent without second
Obvious sex character is not easily distinguishable problem, ensures that artificial induced spawning is smoothed out, method is simple, easy to operate, and practical application is good, and it is urged
Yield is up to 60%, and for embryonated egg up to 80%, incubation rate has reached seed large-scale production technology condition, so as to be used for spring up to 85%
Water fish plasm resource protection and its Natural Population recover.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of method of spring fish artificial propagation, its step are：
1）Screening is ripe, the spring fish of vigor is used as parent as parent, screen body 18 cm-30cm of length, -3 age of 2 age spring fish
This；
2）Parent culture：
A) length, width and height 15m × 25m × 1.3m outdoor tank-cultures are selected to be cultivated as culture pond, flowing water environment, rate of water make-up 2.5m3/
H-3.5m3/h, cultivation density are the 80 tails/tail of pond -100/pond, bottom of pond using gravel, cobblestone, from water inlet to delivery port with
24 ° of -26 ° of gradients layings, thickness is 28 cm-32cm；Feed artifical compound feed, bread worm, romaine lettuce；Opened from mid-March
Begin, using 1kw sewage pumps carry out stimulation by running water, -3 times 2 times a week, each 3h-5h；
b）At the beginning of 4 months by the end of March, stimulated using pituitary intramuscular injection combination water level regulation and promote parent's gonad development, selected individual
Body is cultivated, and 0.1g/kg pituitaries intramuscular injection sustained release promotees gonad development；Water temperature is up to after 15 DEG C -17 DEG C, increase bath thorn
Swash frequency, 2 days once, each 3h-5h, and carrying out a water level regulation weekly stimulates, and range of stage is 0.5 m -0.8m；
3) artificial induced spawning：Mid-April water temperature reach 15 DEG C -17 DEG C after, draw in the net to select the parent that reaches maturity, using two pins inject
Method carries out artificial induced spawning, the first pin 11:00 3 μ g/kg luteinizing hormone releasing hormones of injection, the second pin 21:30 injections 500
Unit/kg efficient induced spawning agent salmon hormones, seminal fluid extrusion capacity is equal before milter is injected according to the second pin, halves or does not inject；Note
Parent's mixed breeding is put down in spawning inducing pool, spawning inducing pool depth of water 0.7m-0.9m, pond depth 1.2m-1.4m, 1kw sewage pumps after penetrating oxytocic drug
Pond is washed by water, and 3m × 4m wooden frame Shading net coverings are used above outlet pipe；
4) ovum artificial collection：9h-11h starts to observe parent's shape after second pin injection 500 units/kg efficient induced spawning agent salmon hormones
State, draw in the net within every 2 hours to check once using the extruding of the belly rhythm and pace of moving things, carry out live body semen collection ovum；
5) artificial insemination：Artificial insemination is carried out to smart ovum individual, seminal fluid is squeezed on ovum after first adopting ovum, extrudes 2-4 deutovums 1
Seminal fluid is dripped, with feather gentle agitation 1min-2min clockwise, carries out artificial insemination；
6) artificial incubation：Embryonated egg is subjected to 2 times -3 times cleanings with Spawning water, talcum powder or fresh is added when cleaning for the first time
Milk unsticking, is cleaned up, and after ovum grain adhesion, pours into outstanding SAST's hatching frame or wooden hatching frame hatching, hatching density are
3000/m3-4000 grains/m3, choose dead ovum after hatching 22h-26h；After fry yolk bag disappears flat trip, remove hatching and set
It is standby, the cultivation of one-level seed rearing cylinder is transferred to, when water temperature is 17 DEG C -19 DEG C, the incubation of membrane time is 100h-110h, and water temperature is
At 20 DEG C -23 DEG C, the incubation of membrane time is 81h-94h.
A kind of 2. method of spring fish artificial propagation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：A is adopted in described step 2
Cultivated with male and female mixed breeding mode, feed artifical compound feed as high imperial board Yellow cartfish adult material.
A kind of 3. method of spring fish artificial propagation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Noted in described step 3
Penetrate 500 units/kg efficient induced spawning agent salmon hormones.
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| CN113424782A (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2021-09-24 | 湖北中水长江生态保护研究院有限公司 | Artificial propagation method for white soft-shelled turtles |
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