CN105481029A - Method and device for synergetically removing multiple heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in runoff rainwater - Google Patents
Method and device for synergetically removing multiple heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in runoff rainwater Download PDFInfo
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- CN105481029A CN105481029A CN201510920866.9A CN201510920866A CN105481029A CN 105481029 A CN105481029 A CN 105481029A CN 201510920866 A CN201510920866 A CN 201510920866A CN 105481029 A CN105481029 A CN 105481029A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/70—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by reduction
- C02F1/705—Reduction by metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
- C02F2101/32—Hydrocarbons, e.g. oil
- C02F2101/327—Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons [PAH's]
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/001—Runoff or storm water
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- Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
- Biological Treatment Of Waste Water (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method and device for synergetically removing multiple heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in runoff rainwater. According to the method for synergetically removing the multiple heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the runoff rainwater, filler is adopted and comprises a zero-valent iron ball layer. According to the method, a novel material layer, namely, the zero-valent iron ball layer is arranged, the characteristics of the large specific surface area and the like of zero-valent iron balls are utilized, the zero-valent iron ball layer cooperates with a sand layer, a wood bit layer, a pumice layer and a fine gravel layer, the synergistic effect is achieved, the effect of removing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and the heavy metals is greatly improved, treatment efficiency is improved, and the problems that the removal capacity of traditional filter materials (natural sand, dinas, gravel and the like) for the heavy metals is not as good as the removal capacity for conventional pollutants, and the removal rates of different metal are very different are solved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to sewage treatment area, relate to a kind of method and device of working in coordination with removal for various heavy and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in runoff rainwater.
Background technology
Urban pavement have accumulated a large amount of pollutent due to the seepage etc. of motor vehicle exhaust, tire and road wear and grease, mainly comprises COD, TN, TP, heavy metal, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nutritive salt etc.Due to the height watertightness of urban road, the meeting between flush period of these pollution substances is dissolved by the rainfall runoff that road surface produce, is washed away and enter water body by urban drainage pipe network migration, damages the water quality of receiving water body.In addition, Runoff contaminants flows down with footpath that ooze can accumulate in soil, to soil even underground water pollute threat, runoff pollution situation serious at present proposes challenge to oozing Rainwater Quality under in sponge urban construction.Therefore, by strengthening the ability of pollutent (especially persistence, refractory organics pollutent) in stormwater facility process runoff, ooze the safety of rainwater under guarantee, the construction for Application of Urban Rain Water and sponge city is significant.
Heavy metal and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are the important persistent pollutants of two classes in runoff rainwater, and find the heavy metal research in runoff rainwater both at home and abroad, urban road runoff heavy metal burden accounts for the 35%-75% of water body gross contamination load.Research shows, Pb, Cu, Zn initial rainfall runoff content of Beijing City road all exceeds surface water V class standard, containing heavy metals such as more Pb, Zn, Mn, Cd in the pavement runoff rainwater of Shanghai City, also there is heavy metal pollution problem in the runoff rainwater on the ground such as Guangzhou, Chongqing, Xi'an, wherein Pb pollutes the most obvious, and the Pb average quality concentration level of domestic city runoff is 0.14mgL
-1.In the rainwash of areas of Beijing traffic route 6 rainfalls, the PAHs of l6 kind priority acccess control dissolves the geometric mean of phase total concn is 0.485 μ g/L, and the geometric mean of Particle Phase total concn is 3.872 μ g/L.The runoff rainwater Σ 16PAHs mass concentration variation range in Shanghai City is 317.21 ~ 10364.32ng/L.Due to the sudden of rainfall and impact, urban runoff is polluted more outstanding to the pollution of receiving water body, along with the quickening of urbanization process and the rapid increase of car owning amount, in runoff rainwater, heavy metal and PAHs pollution problem will be more outstanding.Have scholar to point out both at home and abroad heavy metal and PAHs often coexist in surrounding medium simultaneously, both combined pollution effects reports wherein about soil, lake, river and bed mud thereof are more, find that heavy metal and PAHs have the harm of combined pollution to environment by combined action.
Low impact exploitation storm-water system mainly comprises permeable pavement, biological delay band, Rain Garden, Glassed swale etc., primarily of composition such as covering vegetation, filler etc.Packing layer or filtering layer are the important composition unit of purifying treatment pollutent, usual selection natural sand, sandstone, gravel, slag etc., lay certain altitude according to being necessarily combined in system, by the retaining of packing medium, adsorb, diafiltration combined action removes pollutent.Also low impact exploitation rainwater treatment facility heavy metal has certain absorption purifying effect to have research to point out at present, but the removal ability of heavy metal is not as good as Conventional pollution on the whole, and clearance is between 30%-80%, and different metal clearance differs greatly.Further, traditional dmp filter and cut that the removal interception capacity of dirty packing medium heavy metal pollutent is limited, to adsorb saturated site low, easily saturated; The accumulation of partial adsorbates catching heavy metal arrives to a certain degree, and can suppress the growth of vegetation, concurrent raw soil bacterial diversity, pollutes risk to soil and groundwater; Low impact exploitation stormwater facility, to the research of PAHs then rarely seen report, more lacks further investigated and research.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of method and device of working in coordination with removal for various heavy and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in runoff rainwater, the method is using zeroth order iron ball, sand, wood chip, float stone, bird's-eye gravel etc. as filler, by cooperatively interacting between different filler, in conjunction with retaining, adsorb, the process such as redox and catalytic reduction, set up the novel method that a kind of synchronous high-efficiency removes mixture-metal and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in runoff rainwater, for runoff rainwater purification provides utilisation technology.
The invention provides following technical scheme:
Work in coordination with a method for removal for various heavy and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in runoff rainwater, described method uses filler, and described filler comprises Zero-valent Iron layers of balls.
Zero-valent Iron layers of balls is the main removing layer of thing of depolluting.By absorption, the effect such as redox and catalytic reduction of Zero-valent Iron, remove most of heavy metal and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.Zeroth order iron ball can synchronously remove various heavy and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.The setting of this novel-section bed of material of zeroth order iron ball, utilizes the bigger serface of Zero-valent Iron iron ball greatly to add the removal effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metal, improves processing efficiency.The removal ability solving traditional filtrate (natural sand, sandstone, gravel etc.) heavy metal is not as good as Conventional pollution and the problem that differs greatly of different metal clearance.
Preferably, described filler also comprises sand bed, wood chip layer, float stone layer and granule rock layers, and the direction entered according to runoff rainwater is followed successively by described Zero-valent Iron layers of balls, described sand bed, described wood chip layer, described float stone layer and described granule rock layers.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, the Thickness Ratio of described Zero-valent Iron layers of balls, described sand bed, described wood chip layer, described float stone layer and described granule rock layers is 1:2 ~ 3:1 ~ 1.5:5 ~ 7:5 ~ 7.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, the Thickness Ratio of described Zero-valent Iron layers of balls, described sand bed, described wood chip layer, described float stone layer and described granule rock layers is 1:2.5:1:6:6.
Each layer thickness scope, why according to the restriction of aforementioned proportion, is that treatment effect is good, therefore can meet processing requirements without the need to blocked up, and the blocked up waste of material that causes raises to cost because Zero-valent Iron layers of balls processing efficiency is high; Sand bed main purpose is for retaining removal pollutent, and sand bed, not as good as zeroth order iron ball, is therefore set comparatively iron ball thickness a little, can guarantee outlet effect by processing efficiency; Wood chip layer plays to be removed pollutent and provides carbon source needed for follow-up microorganism, and research shows that adding wood chip on a small quantity can be effective; Float stone layer and granule rock layers act as and retain and microorganic adhesion place, because microorganism needs the long period to stablize biofilm, are strengthened by this two layer thickness, can guarantee that more microorganic adhesion is in this, improve microbial biomass to increase attachment place mode.Meanwhile, this is two-layer is last link of device, increases thickness and can guarantee better rejection effect, and then the overall outlet effect of assurance device.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, the filtrate of described Zero-valent Iron layers of balls comprises zeroth order iron ball, and described Zero-valent Iron spherical diameter is 6-10 ± 0.5mm.
Undersized being not easily paved with of zeroth order iron ball affects pollutant removal, and oversize then specific surface area reduces, and affects the processing efficiency of iron ball.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, the raw material preparing described zeroth order iron ball comprises nano zero valence iron powder, and the diameter of described nano zero-valence iron powder is 336 ~ 337nm, is preferably 336.6nm.
The principle active component of described zeroth order iron ball is nano zero-valence iron powder, and nano zero valence iron can synchronously remove various heavy and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.Utilize the redox of nano zero-valence iron powder, the characteristics such as catalytic reduction, greatly add the removal effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metal, improve processing efficiency.Zeroth order iron ball is by nano zero-valence iron powder, and pumice sand and PVA according to a certain percentage method are prepared from.The zeroth order iron ball used in the present invention can refer to the preparation of method disclosed in CN104827049A.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, the filtrate of described sand bed comprises one or more in sand, zeolite and quartz sand, is preferably husky.
Sand bed can remove heavy metal contaminants that is residual, that be attached to suspended particle surface, can be trapped removal.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, described sand crosses 100 mesh sieves.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, the filtrate of described wood chip layer comprises one or more in cypress wood chip, pine tree wood chip and willow wood chip.
Namely described wood chip layer can remove heavy metal in runoff and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and can add filtration system as additional carbon again provides needed for microorganism.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, the filtrate of described float stone layer comprises float stone, and the diameter of described float stone is 1.5-2.5 ± 0.5cm.
The advantages such as float stone is a kind of volcanics filtrate, has aperture large, pollution-free, cheap.Can be used as bio-carrier and realize biofilm, certain crown_interception can be played to pollutent simultaneously.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, the filtrate of described granule rock layers comprises bird's-eye gravel, and the diameter of described bird's-eye gravel is 1-2 ± 0.5cm.During bird's-eye gravel out-of-shape, remember with longest edge.
The setting of granule rock layers can realize again retaining and providing abundanter microbial biomass pollutent, ensures outlet effect.
Wherein microorganism is brought in system gradually by external rainwater, progressively adheres to, grows, biofilm in float stone layer and granule rock layers, and stable, long-time running can form microbe treatment system, is beneficial to and removes heavy metal in rainwater in runoff and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
The further combination of wood chip layer, float stone layer and granule rock layers, can retain further while removing pollutent, microorganism growth environment can be provided, after long-play, can microbial film be formed, be strengthened the removal of heavy metal and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by the effect of microorganism further.Zero-valent Iron layers of balls combines with the microbiological treatment after bird's-eye gravel biofilm, while guarantee outlet effect, frequently need not change filler and cost is low.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, divide in described granule rock layers and put supporting layer.
The effect of supporting layer can prevent filterins media run-off when water filtration, also can play when back flushing and help effect certain water distribution uniformity paving.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, the filtrate of described supporting layer comprises cobble, and the diameter of described cobble is 2.5-3.5 ± 0.5cm.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, the Thickness Ratio of described Zero-valent Iron layers of balls and described supporting layer is 1:1 ~ 3.Be preferably 1:2.5.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, described each interlayer arranges permeable interlayer.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, described permeable interlayer is geotextile.
Separated to ensure that each layer filler can not mix mutually by geotextile between each layer filler.
The present invention also provides a kind of and works in coordination with removal device for various heavy and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in runoff rainwater, and described device is tree pool device, and described tree pool device comprises filler chamber, arranges filler in described filler chamber, and described filler comprises described Zero-valent Iron layers of balls.
The setting of this novel-section bed of material of zeroth order iron ball, utilizes the characteristics such as the bigger serface of Zero-valent Iron iron ball, greatly adds the removal effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metal, improve the processing efficiency of device.
, described filler also comprises sand bed, wood chip layer, float stone layer and granule rock layers in such scheme preferably, and the direction entered according to runoff rainwater is followed successively by described Zero-valent Iron layers of balls, described sand bed, described wood chip layer, described float stone layer and described granule rock layers.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, the top of described tree pool device arranges water-in, arranges water port in the bottom of described tree pool device.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, described tree pool device also comprises the dividing plate longitudinally arranged, the interior separation of described tree pool device is described filler chamber and overflow chamber by described dividing plate in the horizontal direction, described overflow chamber is arranged on the below of described water-in, overflow port is provided with on the top of described dividing plate, described runoff rainwater enters described overflow chamber by described water-in, then enters described filler chamber by described overflow port.First rainwater enters described Zero-valent Iron layers of balls after entering filler chamber.
Described overflow port can be 5cm apart from the distance at described dividing plate top.Overflow chamber is arranged on the booth structure in the casing of tree pond, namely in casing, adds a wash plate, casing is divided into overflow chamber and filler chamber's two portions, have a horizontal overflow port at the beginning of distance dividing plate top 5cm.First rainwater enters overflow chamber's part by water-in, and water level in overflow chamber is risen steadily, and when the water surface rises to overflow groove height, water evenly flows out in filler chamber from overflow port.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, in described filler chamber, water distributor is set, described water distributor is arranged water distributor water-in, described water distributor water-in is corresponding with the water-in of described filler chamber, described water distributor also arranges water distributor water outlet, described runoff rainwater enters described water distributor by described water distributor water-in, then is spilt in described filler chamber by described water distributor water outlet cloth.First rainwater enters described Zero-valent Iron layers of balls after entering filler chamber.
Water distributor is positioned at device top, is spilt by top cloth, and first runoff rainwater contacts Zero-valent Iron layers of balls, then under successively contact other fillers.
Therefore, the water intake mode of apparatus of the present invention can be divided into two kinds.Mode one: first water inlet flows into overflow chamber, when the water surface reach a certain height in overflow chamber, is evenly flowed out by overflow port, enters filler chamber.Mode two: intaking flows into water distributor by water-in, is spilled into filler chamber by posticum cloth equally distributed on water distributor.The setting of overflow chamber and overflow port can make into water water distribution even, ensures that water inlet fully contacts with packing layer, guarantees effluent characteristics.The setting of water distributor, can to make under comparatively low flow velocity (namely overflow port Water discharge flow speed is too low can not ensure that water distribution is even time), still can keep water distribution uniformity, make can contact completely with packing layer into water.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, the Thickness Ratio of described Zero-valent Iron layers of balls, described sand bed, described wood chip layer, described float stone layer and described granule rock layers is 1:2 ~ 3:1 ~ 1.5:5 ~ 7:5 ~ 7.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, the Thickness Ratio of described Zero-valent Iron layers of balls, described sand bed, described wood chip layer, described float stone layer and described granule rock layers is 1:2.5:1:6:6.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, the filtrate of described Zero-valent Iron layers of balls comprises zeroth order iron ball, and described Zero-valent Iron spherical diameter is 6-10 ± 0.5mm.
Undersized being not easily paved with of zeroth order iron ball affects pollutant removal, and oversize then specific surface area reduces, and affects the processing efficiency of iron ball.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, the raw material preparing described zeroth order iron ball comprises nano zero valence iron powder, and the diameter of described nano zero-valence iron powder is 336 ~ 337nm, is preferably 336.6nm.
Nano zero valence iron can synchronously remove various heavy and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.The principle active component of zeroth order iron ball is nano zero-valence iron powder, utilizes the redox of nano zero-valence iron powder, the characteristics such as catalytic reduction, greatly adds the removal effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metal, improves the processing efficiency of device.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, the filtrate of described sand bed comprises one or more in sand, zeolite and quartz sand, is preferably husky.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, described sand crosses 100 mesh sieves.
Sand bed can remove heavy metal contaminants that is residual, that be attached to suspended particle surface, can be trapped removal.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, the filtrate of described wood chip layer comprises one or more in cypress wood chip, pine tree wood chip and willow wood chip.
Namely described wood chip layer can remove heavy metal in runoff and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and can add filtration system as additional carbon again provides needed for microorganism.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, the filtrate of described float stone layer comprises float stone, and the diameter of described float stone is 1.5-2.5 ± 0.5cm.
The advantages such as float stone is a kind of volcanics filtrate, has aperture large, pollution-free, cheap.Can be used as bio-carrier and realize biofilm, certain crown_interception can be played to pollutent simultaneously.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, the filtrate of described granule rock layers comprises bird's-eye gravel, and described bird's-eye gravel diameter is 1-2 ± 0.5cm.During bird's-eye gravel out-of-shape, remember with longest edge.
The setting of granule rock layers can realize again retaining and providing abundanter microbial biomass pollutent, ensures outlet effect.Described microorganism is brought in system gradually by external rainwater, progressively adheres to, grows, biofilm in float stone layer and granule rock layers, and stable, long-time running can form microbe treatment system, is beneficial to and removes heavy metal in rainwater in runoff and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
The further combination of wood chip layer, float stone layer and granule rock layers, can retain further while removing pollutent, microorganism growth environment can be provided, after long-play, can microbial film be formed, be strengthened the removal of heavy metal and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by the effect of microorganism further.Zero-valent Iron layers of balls combines with the microbiological treatment after bird's-eye gravel biofilm, while guarantee outlet effect, frequently need not change filler and cost is low.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, described each interlayer arranges permeable interlayer.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, described permeable interlayer is geotextile.
Separated to ensure that each layer filler can not mix mutually by geotextile between each layer filler.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, supporting layer is set in described granule rock layers bottom.
The effect of supporting layer can prevent filterins media run-off when water filtration, also can play when back flushing and help effect certain water distribution uniformity paving.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, the filtrate of described supporting layer comprises cobble, and the diameter of described cobble is 2.5-3.5 ± 0.5cm.During cobble out-of-shape, remember with longest edge.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, the Thickness Ratio of described Zero-valent Iron layers of balls and described supporting layer is 1:1 ~ 3.Be preferably 1:2.5.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, between described granule rock layers and described supporting layer, division plate is set.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, the water port of described filler chamber is corresponding with described supporting layer, and the rainwater after filtration flows through described supporting layer, discharges from described water port.
In above-mentioned either a program preferably, described tree pool device connects water reservoir by water pipe, and described water pipe arranges under meter, and described water pipe is communicated with water pump.Described water pump can be small pump.
Utilize small pump and corresponding connecting water pipe that runoff rainwater in water reservoir is pumped into tree pool device, control flooding velocity by adjust flux meter.
Method of the present invention is provided with this novel-section bed of material of zeroth order iron ball, utilize the characteristics such as the bigger serface of Zero-valent Iron iron ball, and cooperatively interact with sand bed, wood chip layer, float stone layer and granule rock layers, synergy, greatly add the removal effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metal, improve processing efficiency.The removal ability solving traditional filtrate (natural sand, sandstone, gravel etc.) heavy metal is not as good as Conventional pollution and the problem that differs greatly of different metal clearance.The laying of sand bed and gravel bed, removes pollutent further by retaining.Gravel bed can provide microorganism growth environment, after plant running for some time, can form microbial film, and the removal of strengthening to pollutent further, ensures outlet effect.Nano zero valence iron layers of balls and sand bed, wood chip layer, float stone layer, gravel bed cooperatively interact, and by absorption, retain, redox, catalytic reduction, the multiple removing method such as co-precipitation and microbiological deterioration, and heavy metal is synchronous with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and efficiently remove.The method can be applicable to set pond, and Rain Garden, dmp filter pond, in the multiple rainwater treatment facilities such as rain penetration pond, has wide range of applications.Under different water inlet flow conditions, the removal effect of heavy metal and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can be slightly different, but also can the removal of major part.
Device of the present invention except the effect brought owing to implementing aforesaid method, and can arrange multiple water intake mode.The setting of overflow chamber and overflow port can make into water water distribution even, ensures that water inlet fully contacts with packing layer, guarantees effluent characteristics.The setting of water distributor, can to make under comparatively low flow velocity (as too low in overflow port Water discharge flow speed can not ensure that water distribution is even time), still can keep water distribution uniformity, make can contact completely with packing layer into water.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is according to a kind of structural representation of working in coordination with a preferred embodiment of the device of removal for various heavy and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in runoff rainwater of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is middle structural representation when arranging overflow chamber embodiment illustrated in fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is middle structural representation when arranging dividing plate embodiment illustrated in fig. 1;
Structural representation when Fig. 4 is middle connection water reservoir embodiment illustrated in fig. 1;
Fig. 5 is middle structural representation when arranging water distributor embodiment illustrated in fig. 1.
Embodiment
In order to understand technical characteristic of the present invention further, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is set forth in detail.Embodiment only has exemplary effect to the present invention, and does not have any restrictive effect, the amendment of any unsubstantiality that those skilled in the art makes on basis of the present invention, all should belong to protection scope of the present invention.
In embodiment, zeroth order iron ball is by nano zero-valence iron powder, and pumice sand and PVA according to a certain percentage method are prepared from, and can refer to the preparation of method disclosed in CN104827049A, method disclosed in preferred embodiment 1.
Embodiment 1:
Work in coordination with a method for removal for various heavy and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in runoff rainwater, described method uses filler, and described filler comprises Zero-valent Iron layers of balls.
Zero-valent Iron layers of balls is the main removing layer of thing of depolluting.By absorption, the effect such as redox and catalytic reduction of Zero-valent Iron, remove most of heavy metal and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.Zeroth order iron ball can synchronously remove various heavy and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.The setting of this novel-section bed of material of zeroth order iron ball, utilizes the bigger serface of Zero-valent Iron iron ball greatly to add the removal effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metal, improves processing efficiency.The removal ability solving traditional filtrate (natural sand, sandstone, gravel etc.) heavy metal is not as good as Conventional pollution and the problem that differs greatly of different metal clearance.
Embodiment 2:
A kind ofly work in coordination with the method for removal for various heavy and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in runoff rainwater, described method uses filler, described filler comprises Zero-valent Iron layers of balls, described filler also comprises sand bed, wood chip layer, float stone layer and granule rock layers, and the direction entered according to runoff rainwater is followed successively by described Zero-valent Iron layers of balls, described sand bed, described wood chip layer, described float stone layer and described granule rock layers.
The Thickness Ratio of described Zero-valent Iron layers of balls, described sand bed, described wood chip layer, described float stone layer and described granule rock layers is 1:2.5:1:6:6.
The filtrate of described Zero-valent Iron layers of balls comprises zeroth order iron ball, and described Zero-valent Iron spherical diameter is 6-10 ± 0.5mm.
The raw material preparing described zeroth order iron ball comprises by nano zero-valence iron powder, and the diameter of described nano zero-valence iron powder is 336.6nm.
The principle active component of described zeroth order iron ball is nano zero-valence iron powder, and nano zero valence iron can synchronously remove various heavy and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.Utilize the redox of nano zero-valence iron powder, the characteristics such as catalytic reduction, greatly add the removal effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metal, improve processing efficiency.
The filtrate of described sand bed comprises sand.
Sand bed can remove heavy metal contaminants that is residual, that be attached to suspended particle surface, can be trapped removal.
Described sand crosses 100 mesh sieves.
The filtrate of described wood chip layer comprises one or more in cypress wood chip, pine tree wood chip and willow wood chip.
Namely described wood chip layer can remove heavy metal in runoff and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and can add filtration system as additional carbon again provides needed for microorganism.
The filtrate of described float stone layer comprises float stone, and the diameter of described float stone is 1.5-2.5 ± 0.5cm.
The advantages such as float stone is a kind of volcanics filtrate, has aperture large, pollution-free, cheap.Can be used as bio-carrier and realize biofilm, certain crown_interception can be played to pollutent simultaneously.
The filtrate of described granule rock layers comprises bird's-eye gravel, and the diameter of described bird's-eye gravel is 1-2 ± 0.5cm.During bird's-eye gravel out-of-shape, remember with longest edge.
The setting of granule rock layers can realize again retaining and providing abundanter microbial biomass pollutent, ensures outlet effect.
The further combination of wood chip layer, float stone layer and granule rock layers, can retain further while removing pollutent, microorganism growth environment can be provided, after long-play, can microbial film be formed, be strengthened the removal of heavy metal and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by the effect of microorganism further.Zero-valent Iron layers of balls combines with the microbiological treatment after bird's-eye gravel biofilm, while guarantee outlet effect, frequently need not change filler and cost is low.
Divide in described granule rock layers and put supporting layer.
The effect of supporting layer can prevent filterins media run-off when water filtration, also can play when back flushing and help effect certain water distribution uniformity paving.
The filtrate of described supporting layer comprises cobble, and the diameter of described cobble is 2.5-3.5 ± 0.5cm.
The Thickness Ratio of described Zero-valent Iron layers of balls and described supporting layer is 1:2.5.
Described each interlayer arranges permeable interlayer.
Described permeable interlayer is geotextile.
Separated to ensure that each layer filler can not mix mutually by geotextile between each layer filler.
Embodiment 3:
The difference of the present embodiment and embodiment 2 is only:
The Thickness Ratio of described Zero-valent Iron layers of balls, described sand bed, described wood chip layer, described float stone layer and described granule rock layers is 1:2:1:5:5.
The raw material preparing described zeroth order iron ball comprises by nano zero-valence iron powder, and the diameter of described nano zero-valence iron powder is 336nm.
The filtrate of described sand bed comprises zeolite.
The Thickness Ratio of described Zero-valent Iron layers of balls and described supporting layer is 1:1.
Embodiment 4:
The difference of the present embodiment and embodiment 2 is only:
The Thickness Ratio of described Zero-valent Iron layers of balls, described sand bed, described wood chip layer, described float stone layer and described granule rock layers is 1:3:1.5:7:7.
The raw material preparing described zeroth order iron ball comprises by nano zero-valence iron powder, and the diameter of described nano zero-valence iron powder is 337nm.
The filtrate of described sand bed comprises quartz sand.
The Thickness Ratio of described Zero-valent Iron layers of balls and described supporting layer is 1:3.
Embodiment 5:
Shown in Fig. 1 to 4, work in coordination with a device for minimizing technology for various heavy and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in runoff rainwater, described device is tree pool device, and described tree pool device comprises filler chamber 18, arrange filler in described filler chamber 18, described filler comprises Zero-valent Iron layers of balls 11.
Further, described filler also comprises sand bed 7, wood chip layer 8, float stone layer 9 and granule rock layers 10, and the direction entered according to runoff rainwater is followed successively by Zero-valent Iron layers of balls 11, sand bed 7, wood chip layer 8, float stone layer 9 and granule rock layers 10.
Further, the top of described tree pool device arranges water-in 15, arranges water port 14 in the bottom of described tree pool device.
Further, described tree pool device also comprises the dividing plate 22 longitudinally arranged, the interior separation of described tree pool device is described filler chamber 18 and overflow chamber 16 by described dividing plate 22 in the horizontal direction, described overflow chamber 16 is arranged on the below of described water-in 15, overflow port 17 is provided with on the top of described dividing plate 22, described runoff rainwater enters described overflow chamber 16 by described water-in 15, then enters described filler chamber 18 by described overflow port 17.Enter in described filler chamber 18 and first enter described Zero-valent Iron layers of balls 11.
Further, the Thickness Ratio of described Zero-valent Iron layers of balls 11, described sand bed 7, described wood chip layer 8, described float stone layer 9 and described granule rock layers 10 is 1:2 ~ 3:1 ~ 1.5:5 ~ 7:5 ~ 7, is preferably 1:2.5:1:6:6.
Further, the filtrate of described Zero-valent Iron layers of balls 11 comprises zeroth order iron ball, and described Zero-valent Iron spherical diameter is 6-10 ± 0.5mm.
Further, the raw material preparing described zeroth order iron ball comprises nano zero valence iron powder, and the diameter of described nano zero-valence iron powder is 336 ~ 337nm, is preferably 336.6nm.
Further, the filtrate of described sand bed 7 comprises one or more in sand, zeolite and quartz sand, is preferably husky.
Further, described sand crosses 100 mesh sieves.
Further, the filtrate of described wood chip layer 8 comprises one or more in cypress wood chip, pine tree wood chip and willow wood chip.
Further, the filtrate of described float stone layer 9 comprises float stone, and the diameter of described float stone is 1.5-2.5 ± 0.5cm.
Further, the filtrate of described granule rock layers 10 comprises bird's-eye gravel, and described bird's-eye gravel diameter is at 1-2 ± 0.5cm.During bird's-eye gravel out-of-shape, remember with longest edge.
Further, described each interlayer arranges permeable interlayer 21.
Further, described permeable interlayer is geotextile.
Further, supporting layer 13 is set in described cobble rock layers bottom.
Further, the filtrate of described supporting layer comprises cobble, and the diameter of described cobble is 2.5-3.5 ± 0.5cm.During cobble out-of-shape, remember with longest edge.
Further, the Thickness Ratio of described Zero-valent Iron layers of balls and described supporting layer is 1:1 ~ 3.
Further, between described granule rock layers 10 and described supporting layer 13, division plate 12 is set.
Further, the water port 14 of described filler chamber is corresponding with described supporting layer 13, and the rainwater after filtration flows through described supporting layer 13, discharges from described water port 14.
Further, described tree pool device connects water reservoir by water pipe 6, and described water pipe 6 arranges under meter 5, and described water pipe 6 is communicated with water pump 4.Described water pump 4 can be small pump (as shown in Figure 4).
Embodiment 6
The difference of the present embodiment and embodiment 5 is entered to be: do not arrange overflow chamber, in described filler chamber 18, water distributor 20 is set, described water distributor 20 arranges water distributor water-in, described water distributor water-in is corresponding with the water-in 15 of described filler chamber 18, described water distributor 20 also arranges water distributor water outlet 19, described runoff rainwater enters described water distributor 20 by described water distributor water-in, spill in described filler chamber by described water distributor water outlet 19 cloth again, first rainwater enters described Zero-valent Iron layers of balls (as shown in Figure 5) after entering filler chamber.
Embodiment 7
Volume be 200L water reservoir in add mixed pollutants containing Cd, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cu, phenanthrene and pyrene, adjustment water inlet flow velocity is 5L/h.Device runs 5 days continuously.Experiment adopts minimal tree pond experimental installation, and size 50 (length) * 50 (wide) * 50 (height) cm of device, according to the different fillers that the various combinations of table one are dosed, depth of packing is between 2-33cm, supporting layer thickness 5cm.In device, filler is respectively 12cm granule rock layers (filler diameter 1-2 ± 0.5cm) from the bottom to top, 12cm float stone layer (filler diameter 1.5-2.5 ± 0.5cm), 2cm wood chip layer, 5cm fine sand (crossing 100 mesh sieves), and separate by geotextile between Zero-valent Iron layers of balls (about 2cm, 260g) different filler.Supporting layer is cobble (filler diameter 2.5-3.5 ± 0.5cm), and supporting layer lays division plate.Tree pond is run and is adopted small pump to pump in device by combined sewage constant current in water reservoir, processes, discharged by device lower end water port in filter layer.Water quality analysis adopts atomic absorption spectrophotometry.Plant running adopts continuum micromeehanics mode.
Run after 5 days, experimental result (see table two) shows, in the listed 9 kinds of examples of table one, when all fillers all load, in 5 heavy metal species and 2, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons clearance is the highest, and higher than the summation (combination 1 is higher than combination 6+7+8+9) of clearance when being used alone various filler.Remove any one filler, then removal effect obviously declines, not as good as optimum combination (namely combining 1 higher than combination 2,3,4,5).Supply if remove sand bed other layers, removing effect is bad and cause running cost to rise.If remove other layer of wood chip layer to supply, follow-up microorganism removal effect is caused to reduce.Removal float stone layer and granule rock layers are supplied with other, then lose the effect that microorganism is removed.
Filler in table one device (√ for load, × for not loading)
| Zeroth order iron ball | Sand bed | Wood chip layer | Float stone layer | Granule rock layers | |
| 1 | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ |
| 2 | × | √ [1] | √ | √ | √ |
| 3 | √ [2] | × | √ | √ | √ |
| 4 | √ | √ [3] | × | √ | √ |
| 5 | √ | √ [4] | √ | × | × |
| 6 | √ | × | × | × | × |
| 7 | × | √ | × | × | × |
| 8 | × | × | √ | × | × |
| 9 | × | × | × | √ | √ |
Wherein: [1] float stone layer thickness increases 2cm, to supply Zero-valent Iron layers of balls; [2] Zero-valent Iron layers of balls thickness increases 5cm, to supply sand bed; [3] float stone layer thickness increases 2cm, to supply wood chip layer; [4] burial depth increases 24cm, to supply float stone layer and granule rock layers.
Table two related device removal effect
Increase by one group of experiment in addition again, the order of each packing layer is changed into and is respectively 2cm wood chip layer from the bottom to top, 5cm fine sand (crossing 100 mesh sieves), 12cm granule rock layers (filler diameter 1-2 ± 0.5cm), 12cm float stone layer (filler diameter 1.5-2.5 ± 0.5cm) and Zero-valent Iron layers of balls (about 2cm, 260g), separate between different filler by geotextile, other conditions are constant.After running according to the method described above, measure and have Cd, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cu, phenanthrene and pyrene removal effect all lower than combination 1, therefore, the order of each packing layer of aforesaid combination 1 can make to realize removal effect optimum.
Claims (10)
1. work in coordination with a method for removal for various heavy and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in runoff rainwater, described method uses filler, it is characterized in that: described filler comprises Zero-valent Iron layers of balls.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described filler also comprises sand bed, wood chip layer, float stone layer and granule rock layers, the direction entered according to runoff rainwater is followed successively by described Zero-valent Iron layers of balls, described sand bed, described wood chip layer, described float stone layer and described granule rock layers.
3. method according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the Thickness Ratio of described Zero-valent Iron layers of balls, described sand bed, described wood chip layer, described float stone layer and described granule rock layers is 1:2 ~ 3:1 ~ 1.5:5 ~ 7:5 ~ 7.
4. method according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the Thickness Ratio of described Zero-valent Iron layers of balls, described sand bed, described wood chip layer, described float stone layer and described granule rock layers is 1:2.5:1:6:6.
5. method according to any one of claim 1 to 4, is characterized in that: the filtrate of described Zero-valent Iron layers of balls comprises zeroth order iron ball, and the diameter of described zeroth order iron ball is 6-10 ± 0.5mm.
6. method according to claim 5, is characterized in that: the raw material preparing described zeroth order iron ball comprises nano zero valence iron powder, and the diameter of described nano zero-valence iron powder is 336 ~ 337nm.
7. method according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the filtrate of described sand bed comprises one or more in sand, zeolite and quartz sand.
8. method according to claim 7, is characterized in that: described sand crosses 100 mesh sieves.
9. method according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the filtrate of described wood chip layer comprises one or more in cypress wood chip, pine tree wood chip and willow wood chip.
10. implement the claims a device for method described in 1, described device is tree pool device, and it is characterized in that: described tree pool device comprises filler chamber, arrange filler in described filler chamber, described filler comprises described Zero-valent Iron layers of balls.
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