CN105409757A - Bumblebee pollination method for facility tomatoes - Google Patents

Bumblebee pollination method for facility tomatoes Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105409757A
CN105409757A CN201510746809.3A CN201510746809A CN105409757A CN 105409757 A CN105409757 A CN 105409757A CN 201510746809 A CN201510746809 A CN 201510746809A CN 105409757 A CN105409757 A CN 105409757A
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bumblebee
pollination
tomato
greenhouse
beehive
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石大勇
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01HNEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/02Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K67/00Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
    • A01K67/033Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
  • Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a bumblebee pollination method for facility tomatoes. The method comprises the steps of: preparation of a bumblebee colony, greenhouse management, configuration of the bumblebee colony, management of the bumblebee colony and pollination-terminating management. The method is implemented by virtue of reasonable facility greenhouse environment regulation and control and reasonable water and fertilizer management before pollination and in a pollination period. The pollination rate of the obtained tomatoes is not less than 90%, the output and quality of the tomatoes are remarkably enhanced, and the operating method is simple and easy to master.

Description

A kind of greenhouse tomato bumblebee pollinating method
Technical field
The invention belongs to tomato planting technical field, be specifically related to a kind of greenhouse tomato bumblebee pollinating method.
Background technology
Greenhouse tomato is one of China key facility vegetables, and area under cultivation is occupied very large proportion, and to 2002, nearly 1,000,000 hectares of China's all kinds of greenhouse tomato area under cultivation, accounted for No. 1 in the world.But we are not the poweies that greenhouse tomato is produced, in Holland, Israel etc., agricultural developed country, the average annual productivity of greenhouse tomato is up to 40000, kg/acre, highly individually reach 50000 kgs/acre, and our output is only their 1/4-1/3, have a long way to go, trace it to its cause, except the climatic factor that breed breeding is relatively backward and cold in winter and hot in summer, matching technique study is weaker, intelligent, standardized technique system is complete not, is that China's greenhouse tomato yield and quality is low, the not high principal element of year availability.
Pollination technique is one of important supporting technology in greenhouse tomato production process.In the past, main employing sprays the mode such as fruit-setting agent, artificial vibration pollination and carries out.Though these methods have certain effect, but all there is different drawbacks, as ideal on increase yield in sprayed fruit-setting agent, but fruit quality is poor, the more important thing is and also can cause hormone residues, affect the healthy of consumer, this method is in some agriculturals, developed country is prohibited, but also generally uses at home; Vibration pollination needs fixed cycle operator every day, and labour intensity is large, but also easily causes plant stalk scar, causes disease infection; Honeybee does not like tomato, the special odor that flower has, also less application on greenhouse tomato is produced.
Chinese periodical " animal science " the 12nd phase in 2010,298-299 page, the people such as Huang Jiaxing analyze protected crop bumblebee pollination key technology and application prospect thereof, but are not specifically related to the crucial technology of tomato pollination.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the problem that the pollination rate of existence in tomato pollination is low, a kind of greenhouse tomato bumblebee pollination administrative skill is provided, by before pollination with pollination period rational Greenhouse environment conditioning and rational water and fertilizer management implement, the tomato pollination rate obtained is more than 90%.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above and realize goal of the invention, the invention provides following technical scheme:
1) preparation of bumblebee group: set about for 40 ~ 50 days before Tomato during Flower Initiation Stage cultivating of the right age pollination bumblebee, pass through queen breeding, large bee colony is expanded numerous pollination bee colony, mend flower feeding powder and syrup, stimulate queen to lay eggs, improve the enthusiasm of pollination bumblebee, pollination bumblebee must ensure to have sufficient worker bee, and eliminating or merging groupuscule is the important measures improving bumblebee pollination efficiency.
2) greenhouse management: before placing bumblebee pollination, during bypassing the dispenser of agricultural chemicals is general after 15 days after having sprayed zineb, other bactericide agricultural chemicals after spraying 7 days, bumblebee pollination can be placed, Imidacloprid, beta-cypermethrin had better not be used, diflubenzuron insect protected agricultural chemicals.First will settle fly net in the place in facility air port before pollination, regulation and control implement the temperature of booth at 25 ~ 30 DEG C, and humidity regulation is at 70 ~ 80 DEG C.Using of fertilizer, does not apply too much N fertile, can impose 40 ~ 50 kilograms, cake fertilizer by mu, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 20-30kg, superphosphate 4-5kg during bumblebee mandate.
3) bee colony configuration: for facility plastic greenhouse tomato, the tomato plant Post flowering of 25% is had to introduce bumblebee at initial bloom stage, the enforcement booth of 0.07 hectare needs the bumblebee of 40-60 head, the placement of bumblebee case, select in wind sheltering, avoid direct sunlight, greenhouse midland is placed, winter should be placed on warmer place, summer is selected at ventilating opening as far as possible, back of the body sun, shady and cool place, after placing bumblebee beehive for the first time in facility plastic greenhouse, static bumblebee beehive is opened beehive again and is imported and exported after 10 minutes, when selecting at dusk, bee colony is put into greenhouse, daybreak in 2nd day front opening nest door, bumblebee is allowed to take a flight test, excretion, conform.
4) management of bee colony: during tomato pollination, the sucrose that syrup of usually feeding in nest ratio is 1.5:1.5:1 and honey are modulated into syrup; In greenhouse, feed hydromining nest door or the waterer of bee colony carries out feeding water; Or place a plate in the place of beehive precontract 1 meter, change a water every 2 days, inside plate, place culm or twig; Pollination the later stage, in time by honeycomb unnecessary in beehive take out, keep honeybee more than spleen or honeybee spleen suitable.Wherein, at Tomato during Flower Initiation Stage to spending latter stage, every day to feed bee colony with the syrup soaking tomato petal.
5) pollination management is stopped: the trace stayed on stamen after spending according to bumblebee visit judges the height of pollination rate, generally on flower column cap in full bloom, trace is had just to show, pollination rate is more than 80%, continue pollination again and complete pollination in 7 days, pollination rate does not reach 80% will supplement a bumblebee again at 25-35 days in the pollination time limit of bumblebee.
Described step 1) in bumblebee be Chinese bumblebee, Italian bumblebee, bumblebee and ground bumblebee in one.
Described step 4) in the method for making of syrup as follows: the sucrose first dissolving in equal weight in boiling water, when syrup is cooled to 20 ~ 25 DEG C, pour into be placed with tomato petal in advance container in, sealing dipping 4 hours, add honey more then to feed, feed 100 ~ 150 grams for every group at every turn; First time feeds and carries out at night, and before morning bumblebee goes out nest, then benefit is fed once, and later every morning feeds once; At Tomato during Flower Initiation Stage at dusk or night beehive is moved into greenhouse, beehive is fixed on the high support of 0.5m in greenhouse.The pollination of picking flowers if worker bee stays in, adopts syrup to soak tomato flower one night, feeds honeybee, lure bumblebee to go out nest pollination by filter liquor on nest doorway.
Described step 5) pollination rate has the percentage significantly shared by pollination trace for every 10 faces of taking of random searching.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: by before pollination with pollination period rational Greenhouse environment conditioning and rational water and fertilizer management implement, the tomato pollination rate obtained is more than 90%, the yield and quality of tomato can be made to have significant lifting, and method of operating is simple, is easy to grasp.
Embodiment
Below by way of specific embodiment, the invention will be further described, but the interest field that the present invention protects is not limited only to following examples.
Embodiment 1
The enforcement place of the present embodiment is in the greenhouse by solar heat of Zong Zhai town, Suzhou District, Jiuquan, Gansu Province " total stockaded village uncultivated area industrialized agriculture Demonstration Garden ", test greenhouse sits in the north facing the south to the west 10 °, long 50m, span 8m, ridge height 3.9m, 45 °, the rear roofing elevation angle, stone walling steel construction.
1) preparation of bumblebee group: select Chinese bumblebee to set about for first 40 days cultivating of the right age pollination bumblebee at Tomato during Flower Initiation Stage, pass through queen breeding, large bee colony is expanded numerous pollination bee colony, mend flower feeding powder and syrup, stimulate queen to lay eggs, improve the enthusiasm of pollination bumblebee, pollination bumblebee must ensure to have sufficient worker bee, and eliminating or merging groupuscule is the important measures improving bumblebee pollination efficiency.
2) greenhouse management: before placing bumblebee pollination, during bypassing the dispenser of agricultural chemicals is general after 15 days after having sprayed zineb, other bactericide agricultural chemicals after spraying 7 days, bumblebee pollination can be placed, Imidacloprid, beta-cypermethrin had better not be used, diflubenzuron insect protected agricultural chemicals.First will settle fly net in the place in facility air port before pollination, regulation and control implement the temperature of booth at 30 DEG C, and humidity regulation is at 80 DEG C.Using of fertilizer, does not apply too much N fertile, can impose 50 kilograms, cake fertilizer by mu, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 30kg, superphosphate 5kg during bumblebee mandate.
3) bee colony configuration: for facility plastic greenhouse tomato, the tomato plant Post flowering of 25% is had to introduce bumblebee at initial bloom stage, the enforcement booth of 0.07 hectare needs the bumblebee of 60, the placement of bumblebee case, select in wind sheltering, avoid direct sunlight, greenhouse midland is placed, winter should be placed on warmer place, summer is selected at ventilating opening as far as possible, back of the body sun, shady and cool place, after placing bumblebee beehive for the first time in facility plastic greenhouse, static bumblebee beehive is opened beehive again and is imported and exported after 10 minutes, when selecting at dusk, bee colony is put into greenhouse, daybreak in 2nd day front opening nest door, bumblebee is allowed to take a flight test, excretion, conform.
4) management of bee colony: during tomato pollination, the sucrose that syrup of usually feeding in nest ratio is 1.5:1.5:1 and honey are modulated into syrup; The method for making of syrup is as follows: the sucrose first dissolving in equal weight in boiling water, when syrup is cooled to 25 DEG C, pour into be placed with tomato petal in advance container in, sealing dipping 4 hours, then add honey and then feed, feeds 100 ~ 150 grams for every group at every turn; First time feeds and carries out at night, and before morning bumblebee goes out nest, then benefit is fed once, and later every morning feeds once; At Tomato during Flower Initiation Stage at dusk or night beehive is moved into greenhouse, beehive is fixed on the high support of 0.5m in greenhouse.The pollination of picking flowers if worker bee stays in, adopts syrup to soak tomato flower one night, feeds honeybee, lure bumblebee to go out nest pollination by filter liquor on nest doorway.In greenhouse, feed hydromining nest door or the waterer of bee colony carries out feeding water; Or place a plate in the place of beehive precontract 1 meter, change a water every 2 days, inside plate, place culm or twig; Pollination the later stage, in time by honeycomb unnecessary in beehive take out, keep honeybee more than spleen or honeybee spleen suitable.Wherein, at Tomato during Flower Initiation Stage to spending latter stage, every day to feed bee colony with the syrup soaking tomato petal.
5) pollination management is stopped: the trace stayed on stamen after spending according to bumblebee visit judges the height of pollination rate, generally on flower column cap in full bloom, trace is had just to show, pollination rate be every 10 faces of taking of random searching have an obvious pollination trace have 9, pollination rate is more than 80%, more lasting pollination completes pollination in 7 days.
Embodiment 2
By test region, 2, whole greenhouse-bumblebee pollination district, (30ppm) that spray peaceful No. two of fruit retention.Adopt randomized complete-block design, in 2 test regions, respectively choose 4 communities, plot area 15m 2, test arranges 3 repetitions.The mensuration of Vc, total Soluble Sugar, organic acid content and sugar-acid ratio is carried out in the fruit getting each process same area the full bearing period.Ascorbic content in tamato fruit adopts xylene extraction colorimetric method for determining, and Soluble adhesion molecule measures and adopts anthrone colorimetry, and organic acid content adopts acid-base titration, and sugar-acid ratio is drawn by the ratio of Soluble adhesion molecule and organic acid content.Found out by form one, greenhouse tomato bumblebee pollinating method Be very effective.
The different processing method of table one is on the impact of greenhouse tomato quality and yield

Claims (4)

1. a greenhouse tomato bumblebee pollinating method, is characterized in that, comprises following technical method:
1) preparation of bumblebee group: set about for 40 ~ 50 days before Tomato during Flower Initiation Stage cultivating of the right age pollination bumblebee, pass through queen breeding, large bee colony is expanded numerous pollination bee colony, mend flower feeding powder and syrup, stimulate queen to lay eggs, improve the enthusiasm of pollination bumblebee, pollination bumblebee must ensure to have sufficient worker bee, and eliminating or merging groupuscule is the important measures improving bumblebee pollination efficiency;
2) greenhouse management: before placing bumblebee pollination, during bypassing the dispenser of agricultural chemicals is general after 15 days after having sprayed zineb, other bactericide agricultural chemicals after spraying 7 days, bumblebee pollination can be placed, Imidacloprid, beta-cypermethrin had better not be used, diflubenzuron insect protected agricultural chemicals.First will settle fly net in the place in facility air port before pollination, regulation and control implement the temperature of booth at 25 ~ 30 DEG C, and humidity regulation is at 70 ~ 80 DEG C.Using of fertilizer, does not apply too much N fertile, can impose 40 ~ 50 kilograms, cake fertilizer by mu, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 20-30kg, superphosphate 4-5kg during bumblebee mandate;
3) bee colony configuration: for facility plastic greenhouse tomato, the tomato plant Post flowering of 25% is had to introduce bumblebee at initial bloom stage, the enforcement booth of 0.07 hectare needs the bumblebee of 40-60 head, the placement of bumblebee case, select in wind sheltering, avoid direct sunlight, greenhouse midland is placed, winter should be placed on warmer place, summer is selected at ventilating opening as far as possible, back of the body sun, shady and cool place, after placing bumblebee beehive for the first time in facility plastic greenhouse, static bumblebee beehive is opened beehive again and is imported and exported after 10 minutes, when selecting at dusk, bee colony is put into greenhouse, daybreak in 2nd day front opening nest door, bumblebee is allowed to take a flight test, excretion, conform,
4) management of bee colony: during tomato pollination, the sucrose that syrup of usually feeding in nest ratio is 1.5:1.5:1 and honey are modulated into syrup; In greenhouse, feed hydromining nest door or the waterer of bee colony carries out feeding water; Or place a plate in the place of beehive precontract 1 meter, change a water every 2 days, inside plate, place culm or twig; Pollination the later stage, in time by honeycomb unnecessary in beehive take out, keep honeybee more than spleen or honeybee spleen suitable.Wherein, at Tomato during Flower Initiation Stage to spending latter stage, every day to feed bee colony with the syrup soaking tomato petal;
5) pollination management is stopped: the trace stayed on stamen after spending according to bumblebee visit judges the height of pollination rate, generally on flower column cap in full bloom, trace is had just to show, pollination rate is more than 80%, continue pollination again and complete pollination in 7 days, pollination rate does not reach 80% will supplement a bumblebee again at 25-35 days in the pollination time limit of bumblebee.
2. a kind of greenhouse tomato bumblebee pollinating method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described step 1) in bumblebee be Chinese bumblebee, Italian bumblebee, bumblebee and ground bumblebee in one.
3. a kind of greenhouse tomato bumblebee pollinating method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described step 4) in the method for making of syrup as follows: the sucrose first dissolving in equal weight in boiling water, when syrup is cooled to 20 ~ 25 DEG C, pour into be placed with tomato petal in advance container in, sealing dipping 4 hours, add honey more then to feed, feed 100 ~ 150 grams for every group at every turn; First time feeds and carries out at night, and before morning bumblebee goes out nest, then benefit is fed once, and later every morning feeds once; At Tomato during Flower Initiation Stage at dusk or night beehive is moved into greenhouse, beehive is fixed on the high support of 0.5m in greenhouse.The pollination of picking flowers if worker bee stays in, adopts syrup to soak tomato flower one night, feeds honeybee, lure bumblebee to go out nest pollination by filter liquor on nest doorway.
4. a kind of greenhouse tomato bumblebee pollinating method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described step 5) pollination rate has the percentage significantly shared by pollination trace for every 10 faces of taking of random searching.
CN201510746809.3A 2015-11-05 2015-11-05 Bumblebee pollination method for facility tomatoes Pending CN105409757A (en)

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106508662A (en) * 2016-11-02 2017-03-22 山东省农业科学院植物保护研究所 Pollination method in angiosperm crop breeding process in facility
CN109006453A (en) * 2018-06-28 2018-12-18 河北省农林科学院经济作物研究所 A kind of bumblebee pollinating method of facility muskmelon
CN109496993A (en) * 2018-12-04 2019-03-22 江苏师范大学 A method of extending pollination bumblebee effective pollination period
CN109526877A (en) * 2018-12-04 2019-03-29 江苏师范大学 A method of promote pollination bumblebee timing to turn out for work
WO2020041932A1 (en) * 2018-08-27 2020-03-05 陈念枢 Method for adjusting time that bees are outside hive to be synchronous with flowering phase of fructus amomi, and cultivation method for fructus amomi
CN111480528A (en) * 2020-04-26 2020-08-04 江苏德得健康产业有限公司 High-efficiency high-yield planting method for selenium-rich small tomatoes

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106508662A (en) * 2016-11-02 2017-03-22 山东省农业科学院植物保护研究所 Pollination method in angiosperm crop breeding process in facility
CN109006453A (en) * 2018-06-28 2018-12-18 河北省农林科学院经济作物研究所 A kind of bumblebee pollinating method of facility muskmelon
WO2020041932A1 (en) * 2018-08-27 2020-03-05 陈念枢 Method for adjusting time that bees are outside hive to be synchronous with flowering phase of fructus amomi, and cultivation method for fructus amomi
CN109496993A (en) * 2018-12-04 2019-03-22 江苏师范大学 A method of extending pollination bumblebee effective pollination period
CN109526877A (en) * 2018-12-04 2019-03-29 江苏师范大学 A method of promote pollination bumblebee timing to turn out for work
CN111480528A (en) * 2020-04-26 2020-08-04 江苏德得健康产业有限公司 High-efficiency high-yield planting method for selenium-rich small tomatoes

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