CN105397279B - A kind of welding method of copper chromium on-load switch component - Google Patents
A kind of welding method of copper chromium on-load switch component Download PDFInfo
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- CN105397279B CN105397279B CN201511019258.7A CN201511019258A CN105397279B CN 105397279 B CN105397279 B CN 105397279B CN 201511019258 A CN201511019258 A CN 201511019258A CN 105397279 B CN105397279 B CN 105397279B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/002—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating specially adapted for particular articles or work
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/22—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
- B23K20/227—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded with ferrous layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/36—Electric or electronic devices
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of welding method of copper chromium on-load switch component, it comprises the following steps：1) copper chromium contact is made；2) corresponding machining is carried out to the copper chromium contact and copper tail；3) friction welding is carried out；4) overlap is removed, and carries out welding quality inspection；5) Ageing Treatment；6) it is machined.Friction-welding technique welding efficiency of the present invention is high, and weld strength is high, and tensile strength is more suitable for continuous production, reduces manufacturing cost, shorten the manufacturing cycle, improve yield rate up to 240~280MPa；The manufacturing approach craft controllability is strong, improves welding quality, part quality is stable, meets requirement；And it is unrelated with welding personnel experience to connect experience, without adding solder, is easy to promote the use of.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to contact material of vacuum switch field, and in particular to a kind of welding side of copper chromium on-load switch component
Method.
Background technology
Integral electric contact is widely used in various mesohigh breakers, is the core component of various power switches, mesh
Before, typically using overall liquid sintering technology manufacture integral electric contact.Monoblock type contact is made up of two kinds of unlike materials
A kind of peculiar part, its head are chromiumcoppers, and for arc extinguishing, afterbody is usually copper alloy QCr0.5, its main function
It is to possess certain elastic and good electric conductivity, for integral electric contact, the bond strength of two kinds of material faying faces, electricity
Conductance is the factor for the most critical for influenceing integral electric contact combination property.
Conventional silver alloy or the method for copper alloy soldering, its conductivity interface and bond strength are respectively less than mother metal, postwelding
Copper tail end annealing softening, interface performance turn into the weak link of electrical contact, and easily heating, snaps and come off in use；Another kind side
Method is the electrical contact through liquid-phase sintering, and its boundary strength is close to strength of parent (copper tail), and electrical property reaches chromiumcopper level,
But the process-cycle is grown, and takes material.
Original copper chromium on-load switch is mainly to be led to using copper bar of the smelting technology manufacture chromium-copper contact again with machine-shaping
Cross vacuum brazing and be prepared into conducting rod.It welds tensile strength typically in 170-230MPa, has directly with the proficiency of operating personnel
Connect relation, it directly affects the quality of last chrome copper, and uses silver soldering piece, and solder cost is about 4 yuan/part, cost compared with
It is high.
The content of the invention
To solve the above problems, the invention provides a kind of welding method of copper chromium on-load switch component, using friction welding (FW)
Technique substitution vacuum brazing technique, two kinds of metals for forming switch are welded together, then through appropriate heat treatment, eliminated
Welding interior stress, and overall processing, it can obtain than other methods in all more excellent entirety of the tensile strength and hardness of faying face
Formula on-load switch.
The present invention is that technical scheme is a kind of welding of copper chromium on-load switch component used by solving above-mentioned technical problem
Method, it comprises the following steps：
1) copper chromium contact is made：The thickness of copper layers of chrome is 5~6mm；Take by weight percentage 45%~55% copper powder and
55%~45% chromium powder, the particle diameter of copper powder is 250~270 mesh, and the particle diameter of chromium powder is 4.5~5.5 μm, and copper powder is in hydrogen atmosphere
It is middle through 350 DEG C~450 DEG C reductase 12~3h, chromium powder is in High Purity Hydrogen atmosphere through 1000 DEG C~1200 DEG C reductase 12~3h；After reduction
Copper powder and chromium powder respectively after crushing and screening after, be adequately mixed by the weight proportion in Vacuum mixer and produce copper chromium powder
Material；It is fitted into compacting tool set, with 3.5~4.5kg/cm2Precompression compacting, stand 30~50min, then 800MPa~
1000Mpa forming under the pressure is blank, is deviate from from mould；Blank sinters at a temperature of 950 DEG C~1050 DEG C to 1.5~
2.5h, sintering atmosphere are reducing atmosphere or vacuum-sintering；Sintering blank is pressed again under 1000MPa~1200Mpa pressure, enters one
Step improves density and intensity；Material after multiple pressure is made annealing treatment at a temperature of 900 DEG C~950 DEG C；After cooling, in purity
For in 99.995% Ar gas shielded reaction vessels, the quick scan process of laser, laser processing technique ginseng are carried out using laser
Number is：Power is 3.5~4.0kW；Spot diameter is 5.5~6.5mm；Sweep speed is 220~250mm/min；
2) corresponding machining is carried out to the copper chromium contact and copper tail, both junction portions are designed to that plane connects
Touch, weldment is cylindrical to be not more than 0.2mm, the surface file or sand paper of weldering front connector part for cylinder, its flatness, perpendicularity
Polishing, oxide is removed, then clean 2min~2.5min through alcohol or ether, to prevent mixing other ions or impurity；Using
Lathe tool processes two circle twist weld decorative patterns on the circumference for the junction portion that copper tail will be welded；
3) tooling device of friction-welding machine is got out, debugging is arrived corresponding technological parameter, welded；The copper chromium is touched
Head and copper tail are held on the rolling clamp and movable clamp of friction-welding machine respectively, and alignment clamps；The rolling clamp is by motor
Rotary shaft rotation is driven to be driven by power drive mechanism, the movable clamp is driven the work of hydraulic jack by hydraulic system
Stopper rod shrinks and is driven；Clamping element in the rolling clamp and movable clamp is gripping block, made of phenoplasts；
Gripping block directly clamps the outer round surface of copper chromium contact and copper tail respectively, and the face for being used to clamp in gripping block is arc surface, so
It can make clamping force is dispersed to act on the outer round surface of copper chromium contact and copper tail so that the pressure in unit area becomes
It is small；Corresponding rotating speed, friction pressure, fraction time, burnoff length, braking time and the forge of friction-welding machine are adjusted afterwards
Amount carries out friction welding, with rotating speed 1450rpm~1500rpm, starting friction pressure 30MPa~35MPa friction weldings 0.8s~
1s；Again with rotating speed 2300rpm~2500rpm, friction pressure 120MPa~130MPa carries out stablizing friction welding 6s~8s rear brakes
Car, brake 0.4s~0.6s when apply 200MPa~210MPa upsetting force, and keep upsetting force 4s；
4) overlap is removed, and carries out welding quality inspection, using ultrasonic wave or x-ray inspection, to solder bond face depth
Place detect the presence of weld crack or it is lack of penetration the defects of；When carrying out x-ray inspection, from the small focal spot x-ray defectoscope of high energy, excellent
Matter X-ray film and titanium silk penetrameter, exposure voltage select according to technical chart, and light exposure is 30~40mAmin, is made of stereotype
Barricade, thickness are 5~8mm, and physical dimension is rectangle, is shielded using two layers of screen method：First barricade is close to weldering
Part in face of radiographic source side place, secondary shielding plate, close to weldment back to radiographic source side place, the barricade by
Both sides baffle plate side covers；Then weld seam is irradiated with X-ray, obtains x-ray film, the egative film after exposure is on request manually or automatically
Rinse, be not allow for the false defect such as scuffing, water stain；To the x-ray film of acquisition according to material thickness the method as defined in standard
Quality grade evaluation is carried out, so as to realize the detection to weld seam；
5) Ageing Treatment：Weldment after step 4) processing is put into high-low temperature test chamber, is heated to 450~460
DEG C, 7~8 hours are incubated, then cools to room temperature with the furnace, completes high-temperature aging；Then temperature is adjusted to -20 DEG C~-10 DEG C again,
Kept for 2 hours, complete low temperature aging；Finally room temperature is naturally cooled in atmosphere；
6) it is machined：It is stand-by that product is processed into by design requirement.
Preferably, it can add 0.4% metal La's and Si of its weight in the step 1) in mixed copper chromium powder material
Mixture, both weight ratios are 1.5:1, the overlapping rate of laser processing technique is 37~39%.
In any of the above-described scheme preferably, copper tail is copper bar in the step 2)；A diameter of 28mm of the copper bar~
32mm, length are 38mm~40mm；
In any of the above-described scheme preferably, the friction feed speed of friction welding in the step 3) is 1.4Mm/s,
Forge length 4mm.
In any of the above-described scheme preferably, it is used for the size point of arc surface clamped in the step 3) in gripping block
It is not consistent with the circular surfaces size outside copper chromium contact and copper tail.
In any of the above-described scheme preferably, overlap car or the mechanical means of milling remove in the step 4).
In any of the above-described scheme preferably, the relative sensitivity for x-ray inspection being carried out in the step 4) is 1.5%
~1.8%.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
1. friction-welding technique welding efficiency is high, weld strength is high, and tensile strength is more suitable for continuous up to 240-280MPa
Production, manufacturing cost is reduced, shorten the manufacturing cycle, improve yield rate；And it is unrelated with welding personnel experience to connect experience, without addition
Solder.
2. the manufacturing approach craft controllability is strong, welding quality is improved, part quality is stable, meets requirement.
3. the present invention makes the mechanical and physical character of product and electrical property more effectively be ensured, strong improving integrated connection
While spending, the electric conductivity of whole electrical contact is also improved.
4. the manufacture method welding precision is high, weldering erosion problem that can be greatly in welding process, this method is practical,
Using effect is good, is easy to promote the use of.
Embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
A kind of welding method of copper chromium on-load switch component, it comprises the following steps：
1) copper chromium contact is made：The thickness of copper layers of chrome is 5mm；55% copper powder and 45% chromium are taken by weight percentage
Powder, the particle diameter of copper powder is 270 mesh, and the particle diameter of chromium powder is 4.5 μm, and copper powder is through 450 DEG C of reductase 12 h in hydrogen atmosphere, and chromium powder is in height
Through 1200 DEG C of reductase 12 h in pure hydrogen atmosphere；After copper powder and chromium powder after reduction are distinguished after crushing and screening, exist by the weight proportion
It is adequately mixed in Vacuum mixer and produces copper chromium powder material；It is fitted into compacting tool set, with 4.5kg/cm2Precompression compacting, it is quiet
30min is put, is then blank in 1000Mpa forming under the pressure, deviates from from mould；Blank is sintered at a temperature of 950 DEG C
2.5h, sintering atmosphere are reducing atmosphere or vacuum-sintering；Sintering blank is pressed again under 1000MPa pressure, is further improved close
Degree and intensity；Material after multiple pressure is made annealing treatment at a temperature of 950 DEG C；After cooling, in the Ar that purity is 99.995%
In gas shielded reaction vessel, the quick scan process of laser is carried out using laser, laser processing technique parameter is：Power is
3.5kW；Spot diameter is 6.5mm；Sweep speed is 220mm/min；
2) corresponding machining is carried out to the copper chromium contact and copper tail, both junction portions are designed to that plane connects
Touch, weldment is cylindrical to be not more than 0.2mm, the surface file or sand paper of weldering front connector part for cylinder, its flatness, perpendicularity
Polishing, oxide is removed, then clean 2.5min through alcohol or ether, to prevent mixing other ions or impurity；Existed using lathe tool
The circle of processing two twist weld decorative pattern on the circumference for the junction portion that copper tail will be welded；
3) tooling device of friction-welding machine is got out, debugging is arrived corresponding technological parameter, welded；The copper chromium is touched
Head and copper tail are held on the rolling clamp and movable clamp of friction-welding machine respectively, and alignment clamps；The rolling clamp is by motor
Rotary shaft rotation is driven to be driven by power drive mechanism, the movable clamp is driven the work of hydraulic jack by hydraulic system
Stopper rod shrinks and is driven；Clamping element in the rolling clamp and movable clamp is gripping block, made of phenoplasts；
Gripping block directly clamps the outer round surface of copper chromium contact and copper tail respectively, and the face for being used to clamp in gripping block is arc surface, so
It can make clamping force is dispersed to act on the outer round surface of copper chromium contact and copper tail so that the pressure in unit area becomes
It is small；Corresponding rotating speed, friction pressure, fraction time, burnoff length, braking time and the forge of friction-welding machine are adjusted afterwards
Amount carries out friction welding, with rotating speed 1450rpm, starting friction pressure 35MPa friction weldings 0.8s；Again with rotating speed 2500rpm, rub
Wipe pressure 120MPa and stablize friction welding 8s rear brakings, brake 0.4s when apply 210MPa upsetting force, and keep pushing up
Forging force 4s；
4) overlap is removed, and carries out welding quality inspection, using x-ray inspection, is had to the detection of solder bond face vertical-depth
Welding crackle or it is lack of penetration the defects of；When carrying out x-ray inspection, from the small focal spot x-ray defectoscope of high energy, high-quality X-ray glue
Piece and titanium silk penetrameter, exposure voltage are selected according to technical chart, light exposure 30mAmin, and barricade, thickness are made with stereotype
For 8mm, physical dimension is rectangle, is shielded using two layers of screen method：First barricade is facing radiographic source close to weldment
Side is placed, secondary shielding plate, is placed close to weldment back to the side of radiographic source, the barricade hides by both sides baffle plate side
Lid；Then weld seam is irradiated with X-ray, obtains x-ray film, the egative film after exposure is manually or automatically rinsed, is not allow on request
The false defect such as scuffing, water stain；To the x-ray film of acquisition, according to material thickness, the method as defined in standard carries out credit rating and commented
It is fixed, so as to realize the detection to weld seam；
5) Ageing Treatment：Weldment after step 4) processing is put into high-low temperature test chamber, is heated to 450 DEG C, is protected
Temperature 8 hours, then cool to room temperature with the furnace, complete high-temperature aging；Then temperature is adjusted to -10 DEG C again, kept for 2 hours, completed
Low temperature aging；Finally room temperature is naturally cooled in atmosphere；
6) it is machined：It is stand-by that product is processed into by design requirement.
0.4% metal La and Si of its weight mixture can be added in the step 1) in mixed copper chromium powder material,
Both weight ratios are 1.5:1, the overlapping rate of laser processing technique is 39%.
Copper tail is copper bar in the step 2)；A diameter of 28mmmm of the copper bar, length 40mm；
The friction feed speed of friction welding in the step 3) is 1.4Mm/s, forge length 4mm.
In the step 3) in gripping block be used for clamp arc surface size respectively with the circle outside copper chromium contact and copper tail
Surface size is consistent.
Overlap car or the mechanical means of milling remove in the step 4).
The relative sensitivity that x-ray inspection is carried out in the step 4) is 1.5%.
Embodiment 2
A kind of welding method of copper chromium on-load switch component, it comprises the following steps：
1) copper chromium contact is made：The thickness of copper layers of chrome is 6mm；45% copper powder and 55% chromium are taken by weight percentage
Powder, the particle diameter of copper powder is 250 mesh, and the particle diameter of chromium powder is 5.5 μm, and copper powder is through 350 DEG C of reduction 3h in hydrogen atmosphere, and chromium powder is in height
Through 1000 DEG C of reduction 3h in pure hydrogen atmosphere；After copper powder and chromium powder after reduction are distinguished after crushing and screening, exist by the weight proportion
It is adequately mixed in Vacuum mixer and produces copper chromium powder material；It is fitted into compacting tool set, with 3.5kg/cm2Precompression compacting, it is quiet
50min is put, is then blank in 800MPa forming under the pressure, deviates from from mould；Blank is sintered at a temperature of 1050 DEG C
1.5h, sintering atmosphere are reducing atmosphere or vacuum-sintering；Sintering blank is pressed again under 1200Mpa pressure, is further improved close
Degree and intensity；Material after multiple pressure is made annealing treatment at a temperature of 900 DEG C；After cooling, in the Ar that purity is 99.995%
In gas shielded reaction vessel, the quick scan process of laser is carried out using laser, laser processing technique parameter is：Power is
4.0kW；Spot diameter is 5.5mm；Sweep speed is 250mm/min；
2) corresponding machining is carried out to the copper chromium contact and copper tail, both junction portions are designed to that plane connects
Touch, weldment is cylindrical to be not more than 0.2mm, the surface file or sand paper of weldering front connector part for cylinder, its flatness, perpendicularity
Polishing, oxide is removed, then clean 2min through alcohol or ether, to prevent mixing other ions or impurity；Using lathe tool in copper
The circle of processing two twist weld decorative pattern on the circumference for the junction portion that tail will be welded；
3) tooling device of friction-welding machine is got out, debugging is arrived corresponding technological parameter, welded；The copper chromium is touched
Head and copper tail are held on the rolling clamp and movable clamp of friction-welding machine respectively, and alignment clamps；The rolling clamp is by motor
Rotary shaft rotation is driven to be driven by power drive mechanism, the movable clamp is driven the work of hydraulic jack by hydraulic system
Stopper rod shrinks and is driven；Clamping element in the rolling clamp and movable clamp is gripping block, made of phenoplasts；
Gripping block directly clamps the outer round surface of copper chromium contact and copper tail respectively, and the face for being used to clamp in gripping block is arc surface, so
It can make clamping force is dispersed to act on the outer round surface of copper chromium contact and copper tail so that the pressure in unit area becomes
It is small；Corresponding rotating speed, friction pressure, fraction time, burnoff length, braking time and the forge of friction-welding machine are adjusted afterwards
Amount carries out friction welding, with rotating speed 1500rpm, starting friction pressure 30MPa friction weldings 1s；Again with rotating speed 2300rpm, friction
Pressure 130MPa stablize friction welding 6s rear brakings, brake 0.6s when apply 200MPa upsetting force, and keep upset
Pressure 4s；
4) overlap is removed, and carries out welding quality inspection, using x-ray inspection, is had to the detection of solder bond face vertical-depth
Welding crackle or it is lack of penetration the defects of；When carrying out x-ray inspection, from the small focal spot x-ray defectoscope of high energy, high-quality X-ray glue
Piece and titanium silk penetrameter, exposure voltage are selected according to technical chart, light exposure 40mAmin, and barricade, thickness are made with stereotype
For 5mm, physical dimension is rectangle, is shielded using two layers of screen method：First barricade is facing radiographic source close to weldment
Side is placed, secondary shielding plate, is placed close to weldment back to the side of radiographic source, the barricade hides by both sides baffle plate side
Lid；Then weld seam is irradiated with X-ray, obtains x-ray film, the egative film after exposure is manually or automatically rinsed, is not allow on request
The false defect such as scuffing, water stain；To the x-ray film of acquisition, according to material thickness, the method as defined in standard carries out credit rating and commented
It is fixed, so as to realize the detection to weld seam；
5) Ageing Treatment：Weldment after step 4) processing is put into high-low temperature test chamber, is heated to 460 DEG C, is protected
Temperature 7 hours, then cool to room temperature with the furnace, complete high-temperature aging；Then temperature is adjusted to -20 DEG C again, kept for 2 hours, completed
Low temperature aging；Finally room temperature is naturally cooled in atmosphere；
6) it is machined：It is stand-by that product is processed into by design requirement.
0.4% metal La and Si of its weight mixture can be added in the step 1) in mixed copper chromium powder material,
Both weight ratios are 1.5:1, the overlapping rate of laser processing technique is 37%.
Copper tail is copper bar in the step 2)；A diameter of 32mm of the copper bar, length 38mm；
The friction feed speed of friction welding in the step 3) is 1.4Mm/s, forge length 4mm.
In the step 3) in gripping block be used for clamp arc surface size respectively with the circle outside copper chromium contact and copper tail
Surface size is consistent.
Overlap car or the mechanical means of milling remove in the step 4).
The relative sensitivity that x-ray inspection is carried out in the step 4) is 1.8%.
Embodiment 3
A kind of welding method of copper chromium on-load switch component, it comprises the following steps：
1) copper chromium contact is made：The thickness of copper layers of chrome is 5.5mm；50% copper powder and 50% chromium are taken by weight percentage
Powder, the particle diameter of copper powder is 260 mesh, and the particle diameter of chromium powder is 5 μm, and copper powder is through 400 DEG C of reductase 12 .5h in hydrogen atmosphere, and chromium powder is in height
Through 1100 DEG C of reductase 12 .5h in pure hydrogen atmosphere；After copper powder and chromium powder after reduction are distinguished after crushing and screening, by the weight proportion
It is adequately mixed in Vacuum mixer and produces copper chromium powder material；It is fitted into compacting tool set, with 4kg/cm2Precompression compacting, it is quiet
40min is put, is then blank in 900MPa forming under the pressure, deviates from from mould；Blank is sintered into 2h at a temperature of 1000 DEG C,
Sintering atmosphere is reducing atmosphere or vacuum-sintering；Sintering blank is pressed again under 1000MPa~1200Mpa pressure, is further carried
High density and intensity；Material after multiple pressure is made annealing treatment at a temperature of 930 DEG C；It is 99.995% in purity after cooling
Ar gas shielded reaction vessels in, the quick scan process of laser is carried out using laser, laser processing technique parameter is：Power is
3.8kW；Spot diameter is 6mm；Sweep speed is 240mm/min；
2) corresponding machining is carried out to the copper chromium contact and copper tail, both junction portions are designed to that plane connects
Touch, weldment is cylindrical to be not more than 0.2mm, the surface file or sand paper of weldering front connector part for cylinder, its flatness, perpendicularity
Polishing, oxide is removed, then clean 2.3min through alcohol or ether, to prevent mixing other ions or impurity；Existed using lathe tool
The circle of processing two twist weld decorative pattern on the circumference for the junction portion that copper tail will be welded；
3) tooling device of friction-welding machine is got out, debugging is arrived corresponding technological parameter, welded；The copper chromium is touched
Head and copper tail are held on the rolling clamp and movable clamp of friction-welding machine respectively, and alignment clamps；The rolling clamp is by motor
Rotary shaft rotation is driven to be driven by power drive mechanism, the movable clamp is driven the work of hydraulic jack by hydraulic system
Stopper rod shrinks and is driven；Clamping element in the rolling clamp and movable clamp is gripping block, made of phenoplasts；
Gripping block directly clamps the outer round surface of copper chromium contact and copper tail respectively, and the face for being used to clamp in gripping block is arc surface, so
It can make clamping force is dispersed to act on the outer round surface of copper chromium contact and copper tail so that the pressure in unit area becomes
It is small；Corresponding rotating speed, friction pressure, fraction time, burnoff length, braking time and the forge of friction-welding machine are adjusted afterwards
Amount carries out friction welding, with rotating speed 1480rpm, starting friction pressure 32MPa friction weldings 0.9s；Again with rotating speed 2400rpm, rub
Wipe pressure 125MPa and stablize friction welding 7s rear brakings, brake 0.5s when apply 205MPa upsetting force, and keep pushing up
Forging force 4s；
4) overlap is removed, and carries out welding quality inspection, the detection to weld seam is realized using ultrasonic wave；
5) Ageing Treatment：Weldment after step 4) processing is put into high-low temperature test chamber, is heated to 455 DEG C, is protected
Temperature 7.5 hours, then cool to room temperature with the furnace, complete high-temperature aging；Then temperature is adjusted to -15 DEG C again, kept for 2 hours, it is complete
Into low temperature aging；Finally room temperature is naturally cooled in atmosphere；
6) it is machined：It is stand-by that product is processed into by design requirement.
0.4% metal La and Si of its weight mixture can be added in the step 1) in mixed copper chromium powder material,
Both weight ratios are 1.5:1, the overlapping rate of laser processing technique is 38%.
Copper tail is copper bar in the step 2)；A diameter of 30mm of the copper bar, length 39mm；
The friction feed speed of friction welding in the step 3) is 1.4Mm/s, forge length 4mm.
In the step 3) in gripping block be used for clamp arc surface size respectively with the circle outside copper chromium contact and copper tail
Surface size is consistent.
Overlap car or the mechanical means of milling remove in the step 4).
The relative sensitivity that x-ray inspection is carried out in the step 4) is 1.6%.
In the method for above-described embodiment, Ageing Treatment can also use interrupted aging to handle：First weldment both ends apply 100~
200A/cm2DC current；First stage applies 220~260MPa tension, is heated to 280~320 DEG C, insulation
1.5~2.5h；Second stage applies 180~220MPa tension, and 1.5~2.5h is incubated at being 350~450 DEG C in temperature；
Phase III applies 120~130MPa tension, and 1.5~2.5h is incubated at being 350~450 DEG C in temperature.
The welding point is taken pictures using ESEM and line scanning, the copper chromium load that the inventive method obtains are opened
The microstructure for closing welding point is not present obvious hole, dense structure, the defects of pore-free, each element even transition.
The copper chromium welding point that multiple welding experiment welding obtains circumferentially is divided into 10 pieces, does shearing test respectively,
The shear strength of copper chromium welding point can reach 240~280MPa.The welding precision of the present invention meets friction-welding machine country row
Industry standard JB/T8086-1999 requirement, solves the problems, such as in the prior art easily caused weldering erosion.
It is of the invention to be welded, compared with integral sintered and threaded connection with traditional, chromiumcopper and copper can be significantly increased
Bonding strength and electric conductivity.
The friction-welding technique welding efficiency of the inventive method is high, and weld strength is high, tensile strength up to 240~
280MPa, it is more suitable for continuous production, reduces manufacturing cost, shorten the manufacturing cycle, improves yield rate；And connect with welding personnel experience
Experience is unrelated, without adding solder.The manufacturing approach craft controllability is strong, improves welding quality, and part quality is stable, meets
Requirement.The present invention makes the mechanical and physical character of product and electrical property more effectively be ensured, is connected improving
While intensity, the electric conductivity of whole electrical contact is also improved.The manufacture method welding precision is high, being capable of greatly welding process
In weldering erosion problem, this method is practical, and using effect is good, is easy to promote the use of.
The above described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, being not the limitation for making other forms to the present invention, appoint
What those skilled in the art changed or be modified as possibly also with the technology contents of the disclosure above equivalent variations etc.
Imitate embodiment.But it is every without departing from technical solution of the present invention content, the technical spirit according to the present invention is to above example institute
Any simple modification, equivalent variations and the remodeling made, still fall within the protection domain of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of welding method of copper chromium on-load switch component, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1) copper chromium contact is made：The thickness of copper layers of chrome is 5~6mm；45%~55% copper powder and 55% is taken by weight percentage
~45% chromium powder, the particle diameter of copper powder is 250~270 mesh, and the particle diameter of chromium powder is 4.5~5.5 μm, and copper powder passes through in hydrogen atmosphere
350 DEG C~450 DEG C reductase 12~3h, chromium powder is in High Purity Hydrogen atmosphere through 1000 DEG C~1200 DEG C reductase 12~3h；Copper after reduction
After powder and chromium powder are distinguished after crushing and screening, it is adequately mixed by the weight proportion in Vacuum mixer and produces copper chromium powder material；
It is fitted into compacting tool set, with 3.5~4.5kg/cm2Precompression compacting, stand 30~50min, then 800MPa~
1000Mpa forming under the pressure is blank, is deviate from from mould；Blank sinters at a temperature of 950 DEG C~1050 DEG C to 1.5~
2.5h, sintering atmosphere are reducing atmosphere or vacuum-sintering；Sintering blank is pressed again under 1000MPa~1200Mpa pressure, enters one
Step improves density and intensity；Material after multiple pressure is made annealing treatment at a temperature of 900 DEG C~950 DEG C；After cooling, in purity
For in 99.995% Ar gas shielded reaction vessels, the quick scan process of laser, laser processing technique ginseng are carried out using laser
Number is：Power is 3.5~4.0kW；Spot diameter is 5.5~6.5mm；Sweep speed is 220~250mm/min；
2) corresponding machining is carried out to the copper chromium contact and copper tail, both junction portions are designed to plane contact, weld
Part is cylindrical to be not more than 0.2mm, the surface file of weldering front connector part or sand paper polishing for cylinder, its flatness, perpendicularity,
Oxide is removed, then cleans 2min~2.5min through alcohol or ether, to prevent mixing other ions or impurity；Existed using lathe tool
The circle of processing two twist weld decorative pattern on the circumference for the junction portion that copper tail will be welded；
3) tooling device of friction-welding machine is got out, debugging is arrived corresponding technological parameter, welded；By the copper chromium contact and
Copper tail is held on the rolling clamp and movable clamp of friction-welding machine respectively, and alignment clamps；The rolling clamp is passed through by motor
Power drive mechanism drives rotary shaft rotation and is driven, and the movable clamp is driven the piston rod of hydraulic jack by hydraulic system
Shrink and be driven；Clamping element in the rolling clamp and movable clamp is gripping block, made of phenoplasts；Clamp
Block directly clamps the outer round surface of copper chromium contact and copper tail respectively, and the face for being used to clamp in gripping block is arc surface, so can be with
Make clamping force is dispersed to act on the outer round surface of copper chromium contact and copper tail so that the pressure in unit area diminishes；It
Corresponding rotating speed, friction pressure, fraction time, burnoff length, braking time and the forge length for adjusting friction-welding machine afterwards are entered
Row friction welding, with rotating speed 1450rpm~1500rpm, starting friction pressure 30MPa~35MPa friction weldings 0.8s~1s；Again
With rotating speed 2300rpm~2500rpm, friction pressure 120MPa~130MPa carries out stablizing friction welding 6s~8s rear brakings, stops
Apply 200MPa~210MPa upsetting force during car 0.4s~0.6s, and keep upsetting force 4s；
4) overlap is removed, and carries out welding quality inspection, using ultrasonic wave or x-ray inspection, solder bond face vertical-depth is examined
Survey whether there is weld crack or it is lack of penetration the defects of；When carrying out x-ray inspection, from the small focal spot x-ray defectoscope of high energy, high-quality X
Ray film and titanium silk penetrameter, exposure voltage select according to technical chart, and light exposure is 30~40mAmin, make and shield of stereotype
Shield plate, thickness are 5~8mm, and physical dimension is rectangle, is shielded using two layers of screen method：First barricade is close to weldment
Place, secondary shielding plate, placed close to weldment back to the side of radiographic source, the barricade is by two in face of the side of radiographic source
Side shield side covers；Then weld seam is irradiated with X-ray, obtains x-ray film, the egative film after exposure manually or automatically rushes on request
Wash, be not allow for scuffing, water stain false defect；X-ray film method progress as defined in standard according to material thickness to acquisition
Quality grade evaluation, so as to realize the detection to weld seam；
5) Ageing Treatment：Weldment after step 4) processing is put into high-low temperature test chamber, is heated to 450~460 DEG C, is protected
Temperature 7~8 hours, then cool to room temperature with the furnace, complete high-temperature aging；Then temperature is adjusted to -20 DEG C~-10 DEG C again, keeps 2
Hour, complete low temperature aging；Finally room temperature is naturally cooled in atmosphere；
6) it is machined：It is stand-by that product is processed into by design requirement；
0.4% metal La and Si of its weight mixture is added in the step 1) in mixed copper chromium powder material, both
Weight ratio is 1.5:1, the overlapping rate of laser processing technique is 37~39%；
Copper tail is copper bar in the step 2)；A diameter of 28mm~32mm of the copper bar, length are 38mm~40mm；
The friction feed speed of friction welding in the step 3) is 1.4Mm/s, forge length 4mm；
In the step 3) in gripping block be used for clamp arc surface size respectively with the circular surfaces outside copper chromium contact and copper tail
Size is consistent；
Overlap car or the mechanical means of milling remove in the step 4)；
The relative sensitivity that x-ray inspection is carried out in the step 4) is 1.5%~1.8%.
2. a kind of welding method of copper chromium on-load switch component, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1) copper chromium contact is made：The thickness of copper layers of chrome is 5mm；55% copper powder and 45% chromium powder, copper are taken by weight percentage
The particle diameter of powder is 270 mesh, and the particle diameter of chromium powder is 4.5 μm, and copper powder is through 450 DEG C of reductase 12 h in hydrogen atmosphere, and chromium powder is in High Purity Hydrogen
Through 1200 DEG C of reductase 12 h in atmosphere；After copper powder and chromium powder after reduction are distinguished after crushing and screening, by the weight proportion in vacuum
It is adequately mixed in batch mixer and produces copper chromium powder material；It is fitted into compacting tool set, with 4.5kg/cm2Precompression compacting, stand
30min, it is then blank in 1000Mpa forming under the pressure, deviates from from mould；Blank is sintered into 2.5h at a temperature of 950 DEG C,
Sintering atmosphere is reducing atmosphere or vacuum-sintering；Sintering blank is pressed again under 1000MPa pressure, further improves density and strong
Degree；Material after multiple pressure is made annealing treatment at a temperature of 950 DEG C；After cooling, in the Ar gas shieldeds that purity is 99.995%
In reaction vessel, the quick scan process of laser is carried out using laser, laser processing technique parameter is：Power is 3.5kW；Hot spot
A diameter of 6.5mm；Sweep speed is 220mm/min；
2) corresponding machining is carried out to the copper chromium contact and copper tail, both junction portions are designed to plane contact, weld
Part is cylindrical to be not more than 0.2mm, the surface file of weldering front connector part or sand paper polishing for cylinder, its flatness, perpendicularity,
Oxide is removed, then cleans 2.5min through alcohol or ether, to prevent mixing other ions or impurity；Will in copper tail using lathe tool
The circle of processing two twist weld decorative pattern on the circumference for the junction portion welded；
3) tooling device of friction-welding machine is got out, debugging is arrived corresponding technological parameter, welded；By the copper chromium contact and
Copper tail is held on the rolling clamp and movable clamp of friction-welding machine respectively, and alignment clamps；The rolling clamp is passed through by motor
Power drive mechanism drives rotary shaft rotation and is driven, and the movable clamp is driven the piston rod of hydraulic jack by hydraulic system
Shrink and be driven；Clamping element in the rolling clamp and movable clamp is gripping block, made of phenoplasts；Clamp
Block directly clamps the outer round surface of copper chromium contact and copper tail respectively, and the face for being used to clamp in gripping block is arc surface, so can be with
Make clamping force is dispersed to act on the outer round surface of copper chromium contact and copper tail so that the pressure in unit area diminishes；It
Corresponding rotating speed, friction pressure, fraction time, burnoff length, braking time and the forge length for adjusting friction-welding machine afterwards are entered
Row friction welding, with rotating speed 1450rpm, starting friction pressure 35MPa friction weldings 0.8s；Again with rotating speed 2500rpm, friction pressure
Power 120MPa stablize friction welding 8s rear brakings, brake 0.4s when apply 210MPa upsetting force, and keep upset pressure
Power 4s；
4) overlap is removed, and carries out welding quality inspection, using x-ray inspection, weldering is detected the presence of to solder bond face vertical-depth
Connect crackle or it is lack of penetration the defects of；Carry out x-ray inspection when, from the small focal spot x-ray defectoscope of high energy, high-quality X-ray film and
Titanium silk penetrameter, exposure voltage select according to technical chart, light exposure 30mAmin, make barricade with stereotype, thickness is
8mm, physical dimension are rectangle, are shielded using two layers of screen method：First barricade is facing the one of radiographic source close to weldment
Side is placed, secondary shielding plate, is placed close to weldment back to the side of radiographic source, the barricade hides by both sides baffle plate side
Lid；Then weld seam is irradiated with X-ray, obtains x-ray film, the egative film after exposure is manually or automatically rinsed, is not allow on request
Scratch, water stain false defect；To the x-ray film of acquisition, according to material thickness, the method as defined in standard carries out credit rating and commented
It is fixed, so as to realize the detection to weld seam；
5) Ageing Treatment：The Ageing Treatment is handled using interrupted aging：First apply 100~200A direct current at weldment both ends
Stream；First stage applies 220~260MPa tension, is heated to 280~320 DEG C, is incubated 1.5~2.5h；Second-order
Section applies 180~220MPa tension, and 1.5~2.5h is incubated at being 350~450 DEG C in temperature；Phase III application 120~
130MPa tension, 1.5~2.5h is incubated at being 350~450 DEG C in temperature；
6) it is machined：It is stand-by that product is processed into by design requirement；
0.4% metal La and Si of its weight mixture is added in the step 1) in mixed copper chromium powder material, both
Weight ratio is 1.5:1, the overlapping rate of laser processing technique is 39%；
Copper tail is copper bar in the step 2)；A diameter of 28mmmm of the copper bar, length 40mm；
The friction feed speed of friction welding in the step 3) is 1.4Mm/s, forge length 4mm；
In the step 3) in gripping block be used for clamp arc surface size respectively with the circular surfaces outside copper chromium contact and copper tail
Size is consistent；
Overlap car or the mechanical means of milling remove in the step 4)；
The relative sensitivity that x-ray inspection is carried out in the step 4) is 1.5%.
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| CN111215742A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2020-06-02 | 西安西电高压开关有限责任公司 | Connection method of copper-tungsten alloy and chromium bronze and electric contact |
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| CN1188879C (en) * | 2002-08-23 | 2005-02-09 | 段沛林 | Method for making integral electric contact |
| CN101635210B (en) * | 2009-08-24 | 2011-03-09 | 西安理工大学 | Method for repairing defect in tungsten copper-copper integral electric contact material |
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