CN111421223A - Friction stir butt welding device for dissimilar materials and machining method thereof - Google Patents
Friction stir butt welding device for dissimilar materials and machining method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111421223A CN111421223A CN202010375328.7A CN202010375328A CN111421223A CN 111421223 A CN111421223 A CN 111421223A CN 202010375328 A CN202010375328 A CN 202010375328A CN 111421223 A CN111421223 A CN 111421223A
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 41
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/123—Controlling or monitoring the welding process
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/26—Auxiliary equipment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention relates to a friction stir butt welding device for dissimilar materials and a processing method thereof, and the friction stir butt welding device comprises a workbench, friction stir welding equipment and a workpiece to be welded, wherein the workbench is used for placing and fixing the workpiece to be welded, the friction stir welding equipment comprises a stirring head arranged above the workbench, the stirring head is arranged right above a butt joint interface of the workpiece to be welded on the surface of the workbench and is vertical to the surface of the workpiece to be welded, the welding moving direction of the stirring head is consistent with the butt joint interface, the device also comprises a preheating mechanism, and the preheating mechanism comprises a laser heater and an induction heater which are arranged at the front part of the welding moving direction of the stirring head. The preheating mechanism is arranged, so that the strength of the copper plate softened by induction heating is equivalent to that of the steel plate softened by induction heating and laser composite heating, and the problems of axial downward pressure of the stirring head, and uneven radial stress and radial stress of the stirring head in the welding process can be greatly reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of material welding, and particularly relates to a friction stir butt welding device for dissimilar materials and a processing method thereof.
Background
With the development of industry and the advancement of technology, the connection of dissimilar metals is more and more important. On one hand, the connection of dissimilar metals can fully utilize the properties of different metals to realize specific functions and meet special requirements such as hardness, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, conductivity and the like; on the other hand, the waste of resources can be reduced, the reasonable allocation of the resources is realized, the production cost is reduced, and the economic benefit is obviously improved.
The copper-steel composite parts are applied to the industrial manufacturing of aerospace, nuclear power stations, metallurgy and the like. Copper or copper alloy is joined with steel to form a metallic structure that meets various special requirements, particularly for workpieces that require high strength, as well as high electrical and thermal conductivity, while reducing cost. Because the two metals of copper and steel have great difference in chemical property, physical property, mechanical property and the like, stress concentration is easily generated in a welding joint to cause welding cracks, and thus the welding difficulty is great. The welding of copper and steel is fusion welding and solid state welding. When the fusion welding is used for welding copper and steel, the welding process is complex, and the joint is easy to generate defects; the inertia friction welding of copper and steel can obtain good joint quality, but the welding object is mainly a revolving body and is limited by the geometric shape of the workpiece to be welded.
The friction stir welding is a solid phase connection method proposed by great britain welding research, and has the advantages of fine weld grains, good joint mechanical property, no smoke and dust during welding, no splash, and small residual stress and deformation after welding. Friction stir welding is mainly used for aluminum alloy at present, and has great advantages in welding, so that the friction stir welding has good prospects in welding of magnesium alloy, copper alloy, carbon steel and other dissimilar metals.
Factors influencing the friction stir welding process of dissimilar materials mainly comprise: the grade and thickness of the base metal, whether the base metal is processed before welding, the placing position of the base metal before welding, the pressure applied by a stirring head, the rotating speed of the stirring head, the welding speed, the material and the shape of the stirring head, a tool clamp and the like. Although a certain exploration is conducted on friction stir welding of various combined dissimilar materials at home and abroad, the friction stir welding of copper and steel dissimilar materials has to be further researched and certified from the aspect of technical maturity for large-scale engineering application.
Therefore, the induction and laser composite heating auxiliary friction stir welding device and the processing method thereof which can be used for the copper and steel dissimilar materials are developed and designed, and have important economic, social and practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provide a friction stir butt welding device for dissimilar materials and a processing method thereof, which have simple structure and reasonable design.
The invention realizes the purpose through the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a friction stir butt welding device for dissimilar material, includes workstation, friction stir welding equipment and treats the weldment, the workstation is used for placing and fixes and treats the weldment, treat that the weldment includes work piece and No. two work pieces, friction stir welding equipment including set up in the stirring head of workstation top, the stirring head with place in the weldment surface is treated directly over and perpendicular to the weldment surface of weldment to the workstation surface, the welding moving direction and the butt joint interface of stirring head are unanimous mutually, the device still includes preheating mechanism, preheating mechanism including set up in the anterior laser heater and the induction heater of stirring head welding moving direction.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, the laser heater comprises a laser heater output end arranged above the workbench, the laser heater output end is used for outputting laser, the laser output by the laser heater output end is used for heating a second workpiece at a butt joint interface, the laser output by the laser heater output end irradiates one side of a laser spot on the surface of the workpiece to be welded and is connected with the butt joint interface, and the other side of the laser spot is connected with the outer edge of a track line formed after the shaft shoulder of the stirring head is welded at the butt joint interface.
As a further optimized scheme of the invention, the tail end of the induction heater is provided with an induction heater output end, and the inductor output end is used for carrying out high-frequency induction heating on the butt joint interface.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, the first workpiece comprises but is not limited to a copper plate, the second workpiece comprises but is not limited to a steel plate, and a heat insulation plate is arranged between the workbench and the workpiece to be welded and used for insulating the surface of the workbench from the workpiece to be welded.
A method for manufacturing a friction stir butt welding apparatus for dissimilar materials as described above, comprising the steps of:
step S1: placing a heat insulation plate, a first workpiece and a second workpiece on a workbench in sequence, and fixing the workpieces on the workbench;
step S2: adjusting and fixing an induction heater and a laser heater, and preheating and softening a butt joint interface and a first workpiece and a second workpiece nearby the butt joint interface respectively after starting;
step S3; aligning the stirring head to the butt joint interface, rotating under the action of axial pressure after starting, performing friction stir welding on the preheated and softened butt joint false surface along the direction of the butt joint interface, and finally completing the friction stir butt welding of the workpiece.
As a further preferable aspect of the present invention, in step S1, the first workpiece is placed on the backward side of the rotation direction of the stirring head, the second workpiece is placed on the forward side of the rotation direction of the stirring head, and the thicknesses of the first workpiece and the second workpiece are both 2 to 15 mm.
As a further preferable embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, the current frequency f of the induction heater is 15 to 80kHZ, the number of turns of the coil N is 15 to 50 turns, the heating center of the induction heater and the center of the stirring head are on the same horizontal line, and the diameter of the induction heating area is the same as the diameter of the shaft shoulder of the stirring head.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, the action center of the induction heater is arranged at the front part of the stirring head along the welding direction, and the horizontal distance L between the action center of the induction heater and the center of the stirring head is 20-40mm
In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, the offset distance e of the center of the stirring head toward the workpiece one is 0-5mm, the output power P of the laser heater is 450-5000W, and the laser spot diameter is 5-15 mm.
In a further optimized embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, the stirring head is subjected to a downward axial pressure F of 3500--1The welding speed is between 8 and 60 mm.min-1。
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the invention achieves the purposes of softening materials, reducing the rheological resistance of the materials and further improving the welding effect by introducing induction heating and laser heating on the basis of conventional friction stir butt welding equipment, installing a high-frequency induction heating mechanism at the front part of a stirring head and heating a workpiece to be welded by utilizing the electromagnetic induction principle; meanwhile, the laser beam is used for irradiating the side of the steel plate to be welded with high melting point and high hardness, the area to be welded of the steel plate is rapidly heated and softened by using the high energy density of the focused laser, the strength of the steel plate is further reduced, the strength of the copper plate softened by induction heating is equivalent to that of the steel plate softened by induction heating and laser composite heating, the dissimilar materials of copper and steel to be welded are softened synchronously, the problems of axial downward pressure of a stirring head in the welding process and uneven radial stress and radial stress are greatly reduced, the mutual flowing and fusion of the dissimilar materials of copper and steel to be welded in the stirring friction welding process are facilitated, and the abrasion between the stirring head and a workpiece can be reduced;
2) according to the invention, the heat insulation plate is arranged at the bottom of the dissimilar material, so that the temperature gradient in the thickness direction of the welding object can be reduced, and the bottom of the welding object also has a sufficient softening effect, so that the flowing quantity and the flowing quantity of the material in the welding process of the bottom area are increased, the copper-steel dissimilar materials at the bottom can be fully mixed, various welding defects at the bottom are reduced, and the welding seam quality is improved;
3) the invention has simple structure, high stability, reasonable design and convenient realization, can be used for the friction stir butt welding of other high-strength and high-melting point dissimilar materials besides the welding of copper and steel dissimilar materials.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a first workpiece; 2. a second workpiece; 3. a heat insulation plate; 4. an induction heater output; 5. an output end of the laser heater; 6. an induction heater; 7. a laser beam; 8. laser facula; 9. a stirring head; 10. welding seams; 11. and (6) a butt joint interface.
Detailed Description
The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the drawings, it should be noted that the following detailed description is given for illustrative purposes only and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present application, as those skilled in the art will be able to make numerous insubstantial modifications and adaptations to the present application based on the above disclosure.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention; in the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" or "a plurality" is two or more unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a friction stir butt welding device for dissimilar materials includes a workbench, a friction stir welding device, a preheating mechanism, and workpieces to be welded, the workbench is used for placing and fixing the workpieces to be welded, the workpieces to be welded include a first workpiece 1 and a second workpiece 2, the first workpiece 1 includes but is not limited to a copper plate, the second workpiece 2 includes but is not limited to a steel plate, the first workpiece 1 and the second workpiece 2 are butted with each other to form a butted interface 11, and the first workpiece 1 and the second workpiece 2 are connected with each other by performing friction stir welding at the butted interface 11. And a heat insulation plate 3 is also arranged between the workbench and the workpiece with welding, and the heat insulation plate 3 is used for isolating the surface of the workbench from the workpiece with welding so as to avoid the damage of the high temperature in the welding process to the surface of the workbench.
The friction stir welding equipment comprises a stirring head 9 arranged above the workbench, the stirring head 9 is arranged right above a butt joint interface 11 of a workpiece to be welded on the surface of the workbench and is perpendicular to the surface of the workpiece to be welded, the welding moving direction of the stirring head 9 is consistent with the butt joint interface 11, and the butt joint of the workpiece to be welded is convenient to weld.
The preheating mechanism comprises a laser heater arranged at the front part of the welding moving direction of the stirring head 9, the laser heater comprises a laser heater output end 5 arranged above the workbench, the laser heater output end 5 is used for outputting laser, the laser output by the laser heater output end 5 is used for heating a second workpiece 2 at a butt joint interface 11, the laser output by the laser heater output end 5 irradiates one side of a laser spot 8 on the surface of the workpiece to be welded and is connected with the butt joint interface 11, the other side of the laser spot is connected with the outer edge of a track line formed by welding the shaft shoulder of the stirring head 9 at the butt joint interface 11, namely, the diameter of the laser spot 8 output by the laser heater output end 5 is consistent with the radius of the shaft shoulder of the stirring head 9. The steel plate side to be welded with high melting point and high hardness is irradiated with a laser beam 7 by laser preheating, and the area to be welded of the steel plate is softened by the high energy density of the focused laser, so that the strength of the steel plate is reduced.
The preheating mechanism further comprises an induction heater 6 arranged above the workbench, the tail end of the induction heater 6 is provided with an output end 4 of the induction heater 6, the output end of the inductor is used for carrying out high-frequency induction heating on a butt joint interface 11, further preheating a first workpiece 1 and a second workpiece 2 on the butt joint interface 11 before welding, and heating a material to be welded by utilizing an electromagnetic induction principle, so that the purposes of softening the material, reducing the rheological resistance of the material and improving the welding effect are achieved.
A processing method of a friction stir butt welding device for dissimilar materials comprises the following steps:
step S1: placing a heat insulation plate 3, a first workpiece 1 and a second workpiece 2 on a workbench in sequence, and fixing the workpieces on the workbench;
step S2: adjusting and fixing the induction heater 6 and the laser heater, and preheating and softening the butt joint interface 11 and the first workpiece 1 and the second workpiece 2 nearby the butt joint interface after starting;
step S3; and aligning the stirring head 9 to the butt joint interface 11, rotating under the action of axial pressure after starting, performing friction stir welding on the preheated and softened butt joint false surface along the direction of the butt joint interface 11, and finally completing the friction stir butt welding of the workpiece.
In step S1, the first workpiece 1 is placed on the backward side in the rotation direction of the stirring head 9, the second workpiece 2 is placed on the forward side in the rotation direction of the stirring head 9, and the thicknesses of the first workpiece 1 and the second workpiece 2 are both 2 to 15 mm.
In step S2, the setting parameters of the induction heater 6 are determined according to the type and thickness of the workpiece to be welded, and include current frequency f, number of turns of coil N, and action center, the current frequency f of the induction heater 6 is 15-80kHZ, the number of turns of coil N is 15-50 turns, the heating center of the induction heater 6 is on the same horizontal line with the center of the stirring head 9, the diameter of the induction heating area is the same as the diameter of the shaft shoulder of the stirring head 9, that is, the area where the welding seam 10 formed after welding with the stirring head 9 is located, and the action center of the induction heater 6 is at the front part of the stirring head 9 along the welding direction, and the horizontal distance L between the action center of the induction heater 6 and the center of the stirring head 9 is 20-40 mm.
In the step S2, parameters such as the output power P of the laser heater, the size of the laser spot 8, the action center and the like need to be determined according to the offset distance e of the center of the stirring head 9 deviating to the first workpiece 1 and the shaft shoulder diameter of the stirring head 9, where the offset distance e is 0-5mm, the output power P of the laser heater is 450-5000W, and the diameter of the laser spot 8 is 5-15 mm.
In step S3, the stirring head 9 is subjected to a downward axial pressure F of 3500--1Welding ofThe connection speed is v-8-60 mm.min-1。
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a friction stir butt welding device for dissimilar material, includes workstation, friction stir welding equipment and treats the weldment, the workstation is used for placing and fixed the weldment to be welded, treat that the weldment to include No. one work piece (1) and No. two work pieces (2), friction stir welding equipment including set up in stir head (9) of workstation top, stir head (9) with place in the butt joint interface (11) top and the perpendicular to of weldment to be welded of workstation surface treat the weldment surface, the welding moving direction of stir head (9) is unanimous with butt joint interface (11), its characterized in that: the device also comprises a preheating mechanism, wherein the preheating mechanism comprises a laser heater and an induction heater which are arranged at the front part of the welding moving direction of the stirring head (9).
2. A friction stir butt welding apparatus for dissimilar materials as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the laser heater comprises a laser heater output end (5) arranged above the workbench, the laser heater output end (5) is used for outputting laser, the laser output by the laser heater output end (5) is used for heating a second workpiece (2) at a butt joint interface (11), the laser output by the laser heater output end (5) irradiates one side of a laser spot (8) on the surface of the workpiece to be welded to be connected with the butt joint interface (11), and the other side of the laser spot is connected with the outer edge of a track line formed by welding a shaft shoulder of the stirring head (9) at the butt joint interface (11).
3. A friction stir butt welding apparatus for dissimilar materials as set forth in claim 2, wherein: the tail end of the induction heater is provided with an induction heater output end (4), and the inductor output end is used for carrying out high-frequency induction heating on the butt joint interface (11).
4. A friction stir butt welding apparatus for dissimilar materials as set forth in claim 3, wherein: the first workpiece (1) comprises but is not limited to a copper plate, the second workpiece (2) comprises but is not limited to a steel plate, a heat insulation plate (3) is further arranged between the workbench and the workpiece to be welded, and the heat insulation plate (3) is used for isolating the surface of the workbench and the workpiece to be welded.
5. A method of manufacturing a friction stir butt welding apparatus for dissimilar materials as defined in any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
step S1: a heat insulation plate (3), a first workpiece (1) and a second workpiece (2) are sequentially placed on the workbench, and the workpieces are fixed on the workbench;
step S2: adjusting and fixing an induction heater and a laser heater, and preheating and softening a butt joint interface (11) and a first workpiece (1) and a second workpiece (2) nearby the butt joint interface respectively after starting;
step S3; aligning the stirring head (9) to the butt joint interface (11), rotating under the action of axial pressure after starting, carrying out friction stir welding on the preheated and softened butt joint false surface along the direction of the butt joint interface (11), and finally completing the friction stir butt welding of the workpiece.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the step of forming the friction stir butt welding device comprises: in the step S1, the first workpiece (1) is placed on the backward side of the rotation direction of the stirring head (9), the second workpiece (2) is placed on the forward side of the rotation direction of the stirring head (9), and the thicknesses of the first workpiece (1) and the second workpiece (2) are both 2-15 mm.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the step of forming the friction stir butt welding device comprises: in the step S2, the current frequency f of the induction heater is 15-80kHZ, the number of turns of the coil N is 15-50, the heating center of the induction heater and the center of the stirring head (9) are on the same horizontal line, and the diameter of the induction heating area is the same as the diameter of the shaft shoulder of the stirring head (9).
8. The processing method of the friction stir butt welding device for the dissimilar materials according to claim 7, wherein the action center of the induction heater is located at the front part of the stirring head (9) in the welding direction, and the horizontal distance L between the action center of the induction heater and the center of the stirring head (9) is 20-40 mm.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein the step of forming the friction stir butt welding device comprises: in the step S2, the offset distance e of the center of the stirring head (9) towards the first workpiece (1) is 0-5mm, the output power P of the laser heater is 450-.
10. The method of claim 5, wherein the step of forming the friction stir butt welding device comprises: in the step S3, the stirring head (9) is subjected to a downward axial pressure F of 3500--1The welding speed is between 8 and 60 mm.min-1。
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114346604A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-15 | 忻州尚华扬电器设备有限公司 | Method for manufacturing copper-iron transition block |
| CN114951959A (en) * | 2022-07-04 | 2022-08-30 | 河北科技大学 | Friction stir welding tool |
| CN114951955A (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2022-08-30 | 南京航空航天大学 | Friction stir welding composite energy field method and device for high-melting-point dissimilar material thin plate |
| CN116727860A (en) * | 2023-04-11 | 2023-09-12 | 吉林农业科技学院 | High-nitrogen steel laser wire filling-friction stir composite welding process |
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| US20160221117A1 (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2016-08-04 | Jfe Steel Corporation | Friction stir welding method for steel sheets and method of manufacturing joint |
| CN107405723A (en) * | 2015-03-19 | 2017-11-28 | 杰富意钢铁株式会社 | The friction-stir engagement device of structural steel |
| WO2018070316A1 (en) * | 2016-10-11 | 2018-04-19 | Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 | Friction stir welding method and device |
| CN212311145U (en) * | 2020-05-07 | 2021-01-08 | 铜陵学院 | Friction stir butt welding device for dissimilar materials |
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| CN114951959A (en) * | 2022-07-04 | 2022-08-30 | 河北科技大学 | Friction stir welding tool |
| CN116727860A (en) * | 2023-04-11 | 2023-09-12 | 吉林农业科技学院 | High-nitrogen steel laser wire filling-friction stir composite welding process |
| CN116727860B (en) * | 2023-04-11 | 2024-01-05 | 吉林农业科技学院 | High-nitrogen steel laser wire filling-friction stir composite welding process |
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