CN105340663B - Implantation methods of the astral oil rattan in Guizhou province - Google Patents
Implantation methods of the astral oil rattan in Guizhou province Download PDFInfo
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- CN105340663B CN105340663B CN201510652969.1A CN201510652969A CN105340663B CN 105340663 B CN105340663 B CN 105340663B CN 201510652969 A CN201510652969 A CN 201510652969A CN 105340663 B CN105340663 B CN 105340663B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of implantation methods of astral oil rattan in Guizhou province.The tropical oilseed plant that the present invention enables to originate in Amazon is in Guizhou successful introduction, and seed seedling-raising planting percent is up to more than 90%, and when beginning of the year flower examination fruit, the yield of Second Year can reach 78kg/ mus for plantation, the 3rd year or up to high yield period, can continuously harvest more than 30 years.Enrich Guizhou top grade oilseed plant resource.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of agricultural crops field of planting, implantation methods of especially a kind of astral oil rattan in Guizhou province.
Background technology
Astral oil rattan is a kind of wild woody climber oilseed plant for originating in South America tropical rain forest, is that a kind of novel high-grade is protected
Strong oilseed plant, introduce Guizhou from In Xishuangbanna of Yunnan botanical garden first in Indstitute in Subtropical Region of Guizhou crop research institute in 2011 and plant experimentally cultivation
Training, its cultivation technique still belong to blank.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is：A kind of implantation methods of astral oil rattan in Guizhou province are provided, the present invention makes to originate in Amazon
The tropical oilseed plant in basin is able in Guizhou successful introduction, enriches Guizhou top grade oilseed plant resource.
What the present invention was realized in：Astral oil rattan comprises the following steps in the implantation methods of Guizhou province：
1）Nursery：Using seed nutritional bag nursery；
2）Soil selects：Select more than soil layer depth 1m, the soil of pH value 6.5~7；
3）Site preparation：Dug a pit, hole, etc. with line-spacing 3m, spacing in the rows 2m fixed point, the wide 70~80cm in face, hole 60~70cm of bottom width, hole deep 50~
60cm；Often 5~8kg of farm manure or Chinese wood oil residule 1~2kg base fertilizer are applied in hole, after by 10~20cm in topsoil backfill hole, then cover
Soil exceeds pitted surface 10cm or so.
4）Seedling definite value：It is colonized the 4-5 months every year；Deep 18-25cm diameters 20-30cm alveole is first dug on field planting hole, will
Ball-plant is put in the alveole dug, and seedling basal part of stem is higher than native 3~5cm of plane, treads bag soil periphery after earthing, and per nest, leaching is fixed
Root water 8-12kg；In 20 days after field planting, in the every water drenching in 4~5 days of fine day 1 time untill seedling survives and takes out the tip；
5）Built：1 column is planted with 6~8cm of diameter, long 230~250cm every 3~4m of timber, with No. 10 or No. 12 iron
Silk points 3 layers connects column, then with 2~3cm bamboo pole along iron wire between column racking seizing into hedge posture；
6）Field management：After Seeding planting 20 days, draws climing restocking；Seedling is carried with urea 1 time within 28-32 days, every plant is applied urea 20
~30g, 7~August part apply multi-component composite fertilizer 1 time, and 100~200g is applied in strain；Apply farm manure 11~December 1 time, Chinese wood oil residule 1 is applied in strain
~2kg and composite fertilizer 200g, or 5~6kg of barnyard manure and composite fertilizer 200g；
7）Branch-finishing and pruning：After astral oil rattan is colonized 60 days, cuts off the branch of excessive growth, cover branch, sick branch and deadwood；
8）Disease pest prevention and control：At the initial stage of a disease using hymexazol, Hymexazol-matulaxyl, Bravo, Mancozeb, Bodhisattva enemy gram, line Emulphors
Oil or DDVP, by standard usage amount mixing or individually intersect carry out prevention and control, serious plot plant must be pulled out burn and with give birth to
Lime carries out soil disinfection；
9）Protection against cold and freezing conditions：In mid or late December straw and plastic foil covering, middle and lower part of the wrapping away from ground 0.9-1.3 rice
Basic branch carries out protection against cold and freezing conditions；
10）Harvesting：Picking time be September part to month next year 2, when fruit growth is full and progressively switchs to from light green dark green
Color is changed into dark brown again to be harvested；Periodically ripening fruits is harvested 1 time within every 10~20 days, after the fruit after harvest dries in time
Shelling.
It is an advantage of the invention that the tropical oilseed plant for enabling to originate in Amazon educates in Guizhou successful introduction, seed
Seedling planting percent is up to more than 90%, and when beginning of the year flower examination fruit, the yield of Second Year can reach 78kg/ mus for plantation, the 3rd year or up to high yield
Phase, can continuously it harvest more than 30 years.Enrich Guizhou top grade oilseed plant resource.
Embodiment,
Embodiments of the invention：Astral oil rattan is in the implantation methods of Guizhou province, in December, -2014 in March, 2011, in Guizhou
Ba Cao villages of good farmland township of town Ning County carry out field experiment.
1）Nursery：In March, 2011, the astral oil rattan seed of full seed is selected, first with after 40~55 DEG C of water seed soaking 24h,
The preferable sand bed vernalization of permeability is put into, after 15 days, seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, and seed kind is taken out in the nutrient bag installed in advance, with dawn
Shed puts up shade net, and water drenching is once every two days；Field-transplanting is carried out when height of seedling 15-20cm in May；
2）Soil selects：Astral oil rattan is the evergreen oilseed plant of the perennial woody climber of typical south subtropicses, should select year
More than 19.5 DEG C of samming, more than 6500 DEG C of annual accumution, throughout the year more than annual rainfall 1200mm, frostless area, more than soil layer depth 1m,
Gentle slope below 20 ° of P in soil H values 6.5~7, the gradient, tableland, plant dam；This example is selected in the peaceful Ba Cao villages of good farmland township in town,
420 meters of height above sea level, gentle slope, husky shale yellow earth, soil layer depth 1m, P in soil H value 6.7, year 19.6 DEG C of samming, year the absolute lowest temperature
2.5 DEG C, >=10 DEG C of more than 6500 DEG C, annual rainfall 1250mm of active accumulated temperature of year, year sunshine 2575h；
3）Site preparation is dug a pit, hole, etc.：The residual branch of stubble loses leaf, stone etc. before needing to remove before digging a pit, hole, etc., conditional also to plough 1 time comprehensively, so
Dug a pit, hole, etc. afterwards by line-spacing 3m, spacing in the rows 2m drawstrings line fixed point；
Dig a pit, hole, etc.：Nest position is beaten by pinpointed determination, can manually be dug a pit, hole, etc., it is also possible to which machinery is dug a pit, hole, etc., it is desirable to which pitted surface is wide by 70
~80cm, 60~70cm of bottom width is cheated, cheat deep 50~60cm；
Backfill is with applying fertilizer to the subsoil：After digging good hole, first by 10~20cm in topsoil backfill hole, then soil is returned on side again
10cm applies on side farm manure 1kg base fertilizer, backfill is fully mixed thoroughly with fertilizer as far as possible, and after equal with pitted surface, then earthing exceeds
Pitted surface 8-15cm, base fertilizer apply 1~2kg of 5~8kg of farm manure or Chinese wood oil residule with organic fertilizer, often hole.
4）Seedling definite value：It is colonized on May 4th, 2011；Applying fertilizer to the subsoil and covering on native field planting nest, line elder generation is stretched by row
Deep 18-25cm, diameter 20-30cm alveole are first dug on field planting hole, point size is set the seedling that need to be colonized by nest, as far as possible seedlings
With seedlings, seedling and seedling cluster are laid out, and are first cut off with scissors and are removed seedling nutrient bag during field planting, are gently put in ball-plant
In the alveole dug, seedling basal part of stem is higher than native 3~5cm of plane, treads bag soil periphery after earthing, the leaching root water 8- per nest
12kg；In 20 days after field planting, in the every water drenching in 4~5 days of fine day 1 time, soil moisture content is set to be maintained at 15% or so, until seedling
Survive untill taking out the tip；
5）Built：1 column is planted with 6~8cm of diameter, long 230~250cm every 3~4m of timber, with No. 10 or No. 12 iron
Silk points 3 layers connects column, then with 2~3cm bamboo pole along iron wire between column racking seizing into hedge posture；
6）Field management：Every water drenching in 3~4 days 1 time after spring field planting, untill determining to survive after being colonized 20 days；Look into seedling
Fill the gaps with seedlings：Before 20 days after field planting, answer running check seedling to survive situation, it is found that dead strain should be filled with preliminary seedling in time, it is ensured that
Seedling full stand is neat；After Seeding planting 20 days, plant shoot growth is very fast and progressively produces branch, and tendril point orientation is guided into branch in time
On frame, tendril is avoided mutually to be wound between weeds or tendril on the ground；Seedling is carried with urea 1 time within 28-32 days, select rainy day strain to apply urea
20~30g, fertilizer must reach more than 20cm away from plant, avoid burning root burn seedlings；With reference to tillage and weeding, 7~August part applies multiple elements design
Fertilizer 1 time, 100~200g is applied in strain, and method is the same；Apply farm manure 11~December 1 time, 1~2kg of Chinese wood oil residule and composite fertilizer are applied in strain
200g, or 5~6kg of barnyard manure and composite fertilizer 200g；
7）Branch-finishing and pruning：Astral oil rattan be colonized 60 days it is very fast with posterior division, especially fruit picking rear portion branch bar damage nature do
After withered, quickly and from middle and lower part pumping shoot and yield positive results.The branch of excessive growth is cut off in time, covers branch, sick branch and deadwood, cut
Under shoot can cook feed stripped；
8）Disease pest prevention and control：Astral oil rattan mainly have in growth course root rot, root knot nematode disease, base rot disease, locust and
Some butterfly moth class polyphagous pest-insects are caused harm, and checking monitoring plant diseases and insect pests in time, a situation arises, avoid field ponding and weedy.
Early stage is made with hymexazol, Hymexazol-matulaxyl, Bravo, Mancozeb, Bodhisattva enemy gram, line Emulphors oil, DDVP etc. by standard in time
Dosage, which is mixed or individually intersected, carries out prevention and control, and serious plot, which must pull out plant, burns and carry out soil disinfection with quick lime；
9）Protection against cold and freezing conditions：The not low temperature resistant frost of astral oil rattan, in Guizhou winter, general temperature just stagnates life up to less than 10 DEG C
Long, temperature is damaged to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature below 5 DEG C and influenceed, and low temperature continues to exceed 3~5 days, and partial blade and edible tender branch are just in water soaking mode
It is gradually withered to come off or rot；Occasionally there is of short duration low temperature frost area, can be in mid or late December straw and plastics according to concrete condition
Film covering, wrapping carry out protection against cold and freezing conditions, and emphasis will protect the middle and lower part basis branch away from ground 0.8-1.5 rice, so as to the coming year
Temperature takes out hair shoot again after getting warm again after a cold spell；
10）Harvesting：Astral oil rattan yields positive results successively with tendril branch growth, successively ripe harvesting.It is 9 to concentrate picking time
In month month to next year 2, need 100~120 days typically from result to fruit natural maturity.When fruit growth is full and progressively from
Light green switchs to bottle green and is changed into dark brown again to reach ripe harvesting, and natural cracking comes off after the fruit maturation of part, and every 10~20
It is periodically harvested 1 time to ripening fruits, and the fruit after harvest shells after drying in time.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of astral oil rattan is in the implantation methods of Guizhou province, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：
1）Nursery：Using seed nutritional bag nursery；
2）Soil selects：Select more than soil layer depth 1m, the soil of pH value 6.5~7；
3）Site preparation：Dug a pit, hole, etc. with line-spacing 3m, spacing in the rows 2m fixed point, the wide 70~80cm in face, cheat 60~70cm of bottom width, cheat deep 50~60cm；
Often 5~8kg of farm manure or Chinese wood oil residule 1~2kg base fertilizer are applied in hole, after 10~20cm in topsoil backfill hole, then earthing is high
Cross pitted surface 10cm or so；
4）Seedling definite value：It is colonized the 4-5 months every year；Deep 18-25cm is first dug on field planting hole, diameter 20-30cm alveole will be with soil
Seedling is put in the alveole dug, and seedling basal part of stem is higher than native 3~5cm of plane, treads bag soil periphery after earthing, the leaching root water per nest
8-12kg；In 20 days after field planting, in the every water drenching in 4~5 days of fine day 1 time, untill seedling survives and takes out the tip；
5）Built：1 column is planted with 6~8cm of diameter, long 230~250cm every 3~4m of timber, with No. 10 or No. 12 iron wires point
3 layers connect column, then with 2~3cm bamboo pole along iron wire between column racking seizing into hedge posture；
6）Field management：After Seeding planting 20 days, draws climing restocking；Carry seedling 1 time with urea within 28-32 days, every plant apply urea 20~
30g, 7~August part apply multi-component composite fertilizer 1 time, and 100~200g is applied in strain；Apply farm manure 11~December 1 time, strain apply Chinese wood oil residule 1~
2kg and composite fertilizer 200g, or 5~6kg of barnyard manure and composite fertilizer 200g；
7）Branch-finishing and pruning：After astral oil rattan is colonized 60 days, cuts off the branch of excessive growth, cover branch, sick branch and deadwood；
8）Disease pest prevention and control：At the initial stage of a disease using hymexazol, Hymexazol-matulaxyl, Bravo, Mancozeb, Bodhisattva enemy gram, line Emulphors oil or
DDVP, intersect by the mixing of standard usage amount or individually progress prevention and control, serious plot, which must pull out plant, burns and use quick lime
Carry out soil disinfection；
9）Protection against cold and freezing conditions：In mid or late December straw and plastic foil covering, wrap up the middle and lower part basis away from ground 0.9-1.3 rice
Branch carries out protection against cold and freezing conditions；
10）Harvesting：Picking time be September part to month next year 2, when fruit growth is full and progressively switchs to bottle green again from light green
Being changed into dark brown can harvest；Periodically ripening fruits is harvested 1 time within every 10~20 days, the fruit after harvest takes off after drying in time
Shell.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201510652969.1A CN105340663B (en) | 2015-10-10 | 2015-10-10 | Implantation methods of the astral oil rattan in Guizhou province |
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| CN201510652969.1A CN105340663B (en) | 2015-10-10 | 2015-10-10 | Implantation methods of the astral oil rattan in Guizhou province |
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| CN105340663B true CN105340663B (en) | 2018-03-27 |
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Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107006249B (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2020-11-24 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Cultivation method of plukenetia volubilis linneo |
| CN108707003A (en) * | 2018-08-07 | 2018-10-26 | 国家***桉树研究开发中心 | A kind of fruitlet print adds the dedicated fertilizer and preparation method thereof of fruit |
| CN114793537A (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2022-07-29 | 普洱联众生物资源开发有限公司 | Method for improving germination rate of plukenetia volubilis linneo |
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| CN101773038A (en) * | 2010-01-27 | 2010-07-14 | 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园 | Cutting propagation method of plukenetia volubilis linneo |
| CN101773047A (en) * | 2010-03-01 | 2010-07-14 | 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园 | Seedling nursing method of plukenetia volubilis linneo |
| CN104956929A (en) * | 2015-07-16 | 2015-10-07 | 国家***桉树研究开发中心 | Method for grafting and propagating plukenetia huayllabambana |
| CN104956900A (en) * | 2015-07-16 | 2015-10-07 | 国家***桉树研究开发中心 | Method for cutting and propagating plukenetia huayllabambana |
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2015
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101773038A (en) * | 2010-01-27 | 2010-07-14 | 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园 | Cutting propagation method of plukenetia volubilis linneo |
| CN101773047A (en) * | 2010-03-01 | 2010-07-14 | 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园 | Seedling nursing method of plukenetia volubilis linneo |
| CN104956929A (en) * | 2015-07-16 | 2015-10-07 | 国家***桉树研究开发中心 | Method for grafting and propagating plukenetia huayllabambana |
| CN104956900A (en) * | 2015-07-16 | 2015-10-07 | 国家***桉树研究开发中心 | Method for cutting and propagating plukenetia huayllabambana |
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| 星油藤在贵州低热河谷区适应性观测;张燕 等;《农业研究与应用》;20121231(第6期);第21-23页 * |
| 特色保健油料植物星油藤引种栽培试验研究;龚德勇;《江西农业学报》;20131231;第25卷(第10期);第6页第1节 * |
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