CN105321419B - The lower fire of high-rise building Regularity of Smoke Movement of multi-driving force effect and control technology development test platform - Google Patents
The lower fire of high-rise building Regularity of Smoke Movement of multi-driving force effect and control technology development test platform Download PDFInfo
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- CN105321419B CN105321419B CN201510884010.0A CN201510884010A CN105321419B CN 105321419 B CN105321419 B CN 105321419B CN 201510884010 A CN201510884010 A CN 201510884010A CN 105321419 B CN105321419 B CN 105321419B
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- G09B25/00—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
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Abstract
The application is the lower fire of high-rise building Regularity of Smoke Movement of multi-driving force effect and control technology development test platform, the testing stand includes model of high-rise building and outdoor experimental provision, and model of high-rise building includes escalator, staircase, common antechamber, air-supply vertical shaft, smoke shaft, air outlet, smoke outlet, loop corridor, experimental room；Outdoor experimental provision includes mechanism contact type sensor machine, mechanical smoke extraction machine, outdoor wind simulation generation device, flowmeter, variable frequency adjustment device, multi-point Temperature Acquisition System, multipoint pressure acquisition system.The testing stand is built according to 1: 3 reduced scale of practical building, has the advantages that authenticity is strong, vdiverse in function, construction is fine, image is practical.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to technical field of fire hazard safety, and in particular to city (super) skyscraper inside fire flue gas stream
Dynamic rule and control technology testing stand.
Background technology
In recent years, with the development of economy with the quickening of Development of China's Urbanization, to solve urban population growth and land resource
Problem increasingly in short supply, urban architecture constantly develop to high level.Mainly show following characteristics：The quantity of skyscraper is increasingly
It is more；Building shape and structure type are increasingly sophisticated, and function is increasingly comprehensive, and high-level synthesis groups of building continue to bring out.Related statistics
There are skyscraper about Building more than 150,000 in it has been shown that, China at present, wherein there are about 1800 in the high-rise building of 100m or more for height
More, and the quantity is still in rapid growth.
Skyscraper brings comfortable, beautiful, grand visual experience and superior living environment to us, but high level is built
It is also quite severe to build caused safety problem, especially security against fire problem, the fire of high-rise building caused by a variety of causes
Accident happens occasionally.Although number proportion in fire sum of high-rise building with fire disaster is not very big, caused
Loss it is very big.
In the event of a fire in a high-rise building, fire smoke is horizontal climing first in building under the action of various driving forces
Prolong, then vertical sprawling.The driving force of climing heat smoke sprawling includes mainly heat buoyancy caused by high temperature, stack effect, external wind
Power, mechanism contact type sensor and the influence of mechanical smoke extraction.Under the influence of various factors, fire smoke is in skyscraper.
First safety zone of the exit corridor as evacuation access, cannot absolutely prevent the intrusion of fire smoke, any one
Generated flue gas is likely to invade in exit corridor when room generation fire.When fire occurs for common building, fire cigarette
Gas is mainly driven by heat buoyancy, and the driving effect for building interior hot pressing function, outside wind pressure and air conditioner is smaller, therefore evacuates
The kinetic energy that fire smoke transports in corridor is smaller.And hot pressing function is notable in skyscraper, and outside wind pressure is big, exterior window when fire
Broken that outdoor wind is caused to pour into, both driving forces significantly increase the kinetic energy that fire smoke is transported in exit corridor.Machinery adds
After force feed wind starts, forced draft can stop fire smoke transporting in exit corridor, while mechanical smoke extraction can be to fire smoke
Cause larger disturbance.Therefore, under multi-driving force coupled effect, fire smoke transport process is more complicated in exit corridor,
Flow of flue gas is more difficult to control.
Skyscraper flue gas control method generally carries out mechanical add to staircase, cup or Fire lift common antechamber at present
Force feed wind, discharges fume to exit corridor, prevents fire smoke from entering vertical evacuation channel by exit corridor, to ensure that personnel pacify
Full evacuation.It can be seen from the above, after high-rise building with fire disaster, fire smoke builds interior hot pressing, outdoor other than heat buoyancy drives
The driving forces such as wind pressure, mechanism contact type sensor and mechanical smoke extraction are to the driving effect of fire smoke also than more significant.However it is high at present
The smoke effluent design of (super) skyscraper, most still according to common skyscraper, the regulation in relation to smoke controlling executes, such design
Method only considers to control fire smoke under heat buoyancy driving effect, and there is no built after considering high-rise building with fire disaster
A variety of driving forces such as interior hot pressing, outside wind pressure are significantly affected on what fire smoke transported.Although foreign countries have scholar to these problems
It is paid close attention to, but lacks and further deeply consider, validity of these factors to traditional smoke evacuation measure and Smoke prevention measure
Propose challenge.
The These characteristics that (super) skyscraper has make it have the fire risk and higher of bigger compared with common building
Security against fire target, need more perfect security against fire security system.However it is formed not yet both at home and abroad at present more perfect
For (super) fire of high-rise building flue gas control specification or guide, many designers all feel when encountering such building
To without ready patterns to follow.Therefore, it is necessary to carry out the system in terms of fire smoke transports rule and optimal control to (super) skyscraper
Research.
Invention content
In view of the solution of above-mentioned problem in science, the report for closing this respect function building is found no in existing technical data
Casualties and property loss that fire is brought are reduced, therefore has developed this in order to prevent the sprawling of fire smoke from spreading in road
The testing stand of a set of control fire spread diffusion of sample.
A kind of lower fire of high-rise building Regularity of Smoke Movement of multi-driving force effect and control technology development test platform, testing stand
Including model of high-rise building and outdoor experimental provision.
Further, model of high-rise building is built according to 1/3 ratio；
Further, model of high-rise building includes escalator, staircase, common antechamber, air-supply vertical shaft, smoke shaft, ring
Shape corridor, air outlet, smoke outlet, experimental room；
Further, staircase, escalator and common antechamber are surrounded by loop corridor, are that fire need to be to be protected when occurring
Region is the pressurised zone of mechanism contact type sensor；
Further, loop corridor is located at the surrounding edge of testing stand, be fire occur when proficiency Evacuation area and
Mechanical smoke extraction excludes the region of fire smoke, should ensure that the clarity in fire floor loop corridor；
Further, smoke shaft is located at the side of one jiao of testing stand or testing stand one side center towards outdoor,
It is used for excluding cigarette and hot gas when for fire to occur；
Further, model of high-rise building includes at least 10 layers；
Further, model of high-rise building room periphery and loop corridor periphery are all made of transparent fire-resistant glass 8.
The smoke outlet of every layer of model of high-rise building free open and close state of setting energy at ceiling, and it is similar according to dimension
The wind turbine of corresponding exhaust smoke level is arranged in theoretical calculation.
Staircase includes vertical shaft, and an air outlet open in usual is arranged per alternating floor for the vertical shaft.
Common antechamber is common space at escalator and staircase enabling, one freely adjustable open and close of every layer of setting
Every layer of the air outlet of state, staircase and escalator are respectively provided with the freely adjustable open and close state that can lead to the common antechamber
Door.
The door for the freely adjustable open and close state for leading to corridor different directions at two is arranged at 3,4,5 layers for common antechamber.
Outdoor experimental provision include mechanism contact type sensor machine, mechanical smoke extraction machine, outdoor wind simulation generation device, flowmeter,
Variable frequency adjustment device, multi-point Temperature Acquisition System, multipoint pressure acquisition system are skyscraper when the device occurs for fire
Experiment condition is provided.
The door and window of high-rise model uses loose-leaf system, convenient for adjusting open and close state；The high-rise mould
Variable windowing is reserved in the room on fire of type on the outside, with wind effect outside analysis room；The air draft smoke machine equipped with frequency converter, to
Adjust air quantity and wind speed；The multi-direction reserved space of common antechamber door, in order to change enabling direction.
The utility model establishes a set of collection research skyscraper interior fires developmenting spread rule, mechanical smoke extraction plan for the first time
The entity research platform that slightly multiple functions such as optimization design and mechanism contact type sensor Smoke prevention effect are integrated, the testing stand is according to reality
Border is built 1: 3 reduced scale and is built, and has the advantages that authenticity is strong, vdiverse in function, construction is fine, image is practical.
Description of the drawings
Utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings and specific embodiments.
Attached drawing 1 is testing stand sectional view.
Attached drawing 2 is stair schematic diagram.
Attached drawing 3 is testing stand plan view.
Drawing reference numeral：
1. 2. loop corridor of smoke shaft, 3. air outlet, 4. common antechamber
5. 6. staircase of escalator, 7. experimental room, 8. flame resistant glass
9. hanging up 10. frequency conversion fan of people's accommodation stairway, 11. air blower, 12. balustrade outside
Specific implementation mode
The principle and feature of the application are described below in conjunction with attached drawing, example is served only for explaining utility model,
It is not intended to limit the scope of the utility model.
A kind of lower fire of high-rise building Regularity of Smoke Movement of multi-driving force effect and control technology research test stand, testing stand packet
Include model of high-rise building and outdoor experimental provision.
Further, model of high-rise building is built according to 1/3 ratio；
Further, model of high-rise building includes that model of high-rise building includes escalator 5, staircase 6, common antechamber 4, send
Wind vertical shaft, smoke shaft 1, loop corridor 2, air outlet 3, smoke outlet, experimental room 7；
Further, staircase 6, escalator 5 and common antechamber 4 are surrounded by loop corridor 2, are that fire needs to protect when occurring
The region of shield is the pressurised zone of mechanism contact type sensor；
Further, loop corridor 2 is located at the surrounding edge of testing stand, be fire occur when proficiency Evacuation area and
Mechanical smoke extraction excludes the region of fire smoke, should ensure that the clarity in fire floor loop corridor 2；
Further, smoke shaft 1 is located at the side of one jiao of testing stand or testing stand one side center towards outdoor,
It is used for excluding cigarette and hot gas when for fire to occur；
Further, model of high-rise building includes at least 10 layers；
Further, model of high-rise building room periphery and 2 periphery of loop corridor are all made of transparent fire-resistant glass 8.
The smoke outlet of every layer of model of high-rise building free open and close state of setting energy at ceiling, and it is similar according to dimension
The wind turbine of corresponding exhaust smoke level is arranged in theoretical calculation.
Staircase 6 includes vertical shaft, and an air outlet open in usual is arranged per alternating floor for the vertical shaft.
Common antechamber 4 is common space at 6 enabling of escalator 5 and staircase, every layer of setting one be freely adjustable to open,
Every layer of the air outlet of closed state, staircase 6 and escalator 5 are respectively provided with the freely adjustable open and close that can lead to the common antechamber 4
The door of state.
The door for the freely adjustable open and close state for leading to corridor different directions at two is arranged at 3,4,5 layers for common antechamber 4.
Outdoor experimental provision include mechanism contact type sensor machine, mechanical smoke extraction machine, outdoor wind simulation generation device, flowmeter,
Variable frequency adjustment device, multi-point Temperature Acquisition System, multipoint pressure acquisition system are skyscraper when the device occurs for fire
Experiment condition is provided.The influence and Fire Smoke Temperature distribution that outdoor wind changes building interior combustible heat release rate influence
Simulation in terms of, testing stand according to the dimension theory of similarity, built 1/3 size simulation room on fire and it is coupled in walk
Road is provided with rationally windowing, using breeze fan simulation generating chamber exogenous wind, can really reflect the lower room endogenous fire of outdoor wind effect
The case where calamity development and change, aisle periphery is that transparent fire-resistant glass 8 constructs in room periphery and annular, can be outside testing stand
Clear observation experiment process and phenomenon.In terms of mechanical smoke extraction effect simulation, testing stand is provided with vertical in interior aisle different direction
Smoke evacuation hoistway is arranged the smoke outlet that can freely adjust open and close state at ceiling at every layer, is carried out according to the dimension theory of similarity
It calculates, the wind turbine of corresponding exhaust smoke level is set, and temperature and speed measuring point are arranged inside corridor, it being capable of practical study different situations
Under smoke discharging effect；
The door and window of high-rise model uses loose-leaf system, convenient for adjusting open and close state；The high-rise mould
Variable windowing is reserved in the room on fire of type on the outside, with wind effect outside analysis room；The air draft smoke machine equipped with frequency converter, to
Adjust air quantity and wind speed；The common antechamber 4 is multi-direction reserved, in order to change enabling direction.
A kind of multi-driving force acts on the experiment of lower fire of high-rise building Regularity of Smoke Movement and control technology development test platform
Method includes the following steps：
Combustible is lighted in any one layer of the model of high-rise building；Wind speed can to interior outside experimental analysis different chamber
The influence of combustion things heat release rate, Fire Smoke Temperature changing rule and fire and smoke spread diffusion velocity；Machinery row in aisle in research
Cigarette facility arrangement difference spreads fire smoke the influence of rule and temperature distributing rule；4 machinery of common antechamber is studied to add
Influence of the force feed scenery resource quality position to cup mechanism contact type sensor Smoke prevention effect；In the case of studying mechanism contact type sensor, stair
Between 6 and cup in speed and pressure distribution rule, so that it is determined that the Smoke prevention effect of mechanism contact type sensor；
It is further comprising the steps of：
Combustible is lighted in 3,4,5 layers of any one layer of the model of high-rise building；Before studying cup air outlet and sharing
The asynchronous Smoke prevention effect of the relative position of room 4；The pressure law of difference floor when studying 6 mechanism contact type sensor of staircase
And 6 wind velocity distributions gone out of staircase；Pressure, speed when research staircase 6, common antechamber 4 individually blow and blow simultaneously
The regularity of distribution and Smoke prevention effect of degree.
The foregoing is merely the preferred embodiments of the application, are not intended to limit the utility model, all essences in the application
With within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should be included within the protection domain of the application god.
Claims (9)
1. fire of high-rise building Regularity of Smoke Movement and control technology development test platform, feature exist under a kind of multi-driving force effect
In, the testing stand include model of high-rise building and outdoor experimental provision,
The model of high-rise building is built according to 1/3 ratio；
The model of high-rise building includes escalator, staircase, common antechamber, air-supply vertical shaft, smoke shaft, loop corridor, send
Air port, smoke outlet, experimental room；
The staircase, escalator and common antechamber, are surrounded by loop corridor, and be fire needs area to be protected when occurring, and is
The pressurised zone of mechanism contact type sensor；
The loop corridor is located at the surrounding edge of testing stand, is proficiency Evacuation area and mechanical smoke extraction when fire occurs
The region for excluding fire smoke, should ensure that the clarity in fire floor loop corridor；
The smoke shaft is located at one jiao of testing stand or testing stand one side center towards outdoor side, for fire to occur
It is used for excluding cigarette and hot gas when calamity；
The model of high-rise building includes at least 10 layers；
Model of high-rise building room periphery and loop corridor periphery are all made of transparent fire-resistant glass；
The outdoor experimental provision include mechanism contact type sensor machine, mechanical smoke extraction machine, outdoor wind simulation generation device, flowmeter,
Variable frequency adjustment device, multi-point Temperature Acquisition System, multipoint pressure acquisition system are skyscraper when the device occurs for fire
Experiment condition is provided.
2. fire of high-rise building Regularity of Smoke Movement according to claim 1 and control technology development test platform, feature
It is, the smoke outlet of every layer of the model of high-rise building free open and close state of setting energy at ceiling, and similar according to dimension
The wind turbine of corresponding exhaust smoke level is arranged in theoretical calculation.
3. fire of high-rise building Regularity of Smoke Movement according to claim 1 and control technology development test platform, feature
It is, the staircase includes vertical shaft, and an air outlet open in usual is arranged per alternating floor for the vertical shaft.
4. fire of high-rise building Regularity of Smoke Movement according to claim 1 and control technology development test platform, feature
It is, the common antechamber is common space at escalator and staircase enabling.
5. fire of high-rise building Regularity of Smoke Movement according to claim 1 or 4 and control technology development test platform, special
Sign is, the air outlet of the common antechamber one freely adjustable open and close state of every layer of setting, every layer of staircase and escalator
It is respectively provided with the door for the freely adjustable open and close state that can lead to the common antechamber.
6. fire of high-rise building Regularity of Smoke Movement according to claim 1 or 4 and control technology development test platform, special
Sign is that the freely adjustable open and close state for leading to corridor different directions at two is arranged at 3,4,5 layers for the common antechamber
Door.
7. fire of high-rise building Regularity of Smoke Movement according to claim 1 and control technology development test platform, feature
It is, the door and window of the high-rise model uses loose-leaf system, convenient for adjusting open and close state；The high-rise model
Room on fire reserve variable windowing on the outside, with wind effect outside analysis room；The mechanical smoke extraction machine equipped with variable frequency adjustment device,
To adjust air quantity and wind speed；4 multi-direction reserved spaces of the common antechamber, in order to change enabling direction.
8. a kind of such as the lower fire of high-rise building Regularity of Smoke Movement of claim 1-7 any one of them multi-driving forces effect and control
The test method of technical research testing stand processed, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
Combustible is lighted in any one layer of the model of high-rise building；
Wind speed is to indoor combustible heat release rate, Fire Smoke Temperature changing rule and fire and smoke spread outside experimental analysis different chamber
The influence of diffusion velocity；
Mechanical smoke extraction facility arrangement difference in aisle spreads fire smoke the influence of rule and temperature distributing rule in research；
Study influence of the common antechamber mechanism contact type sensor mouth position to cup mechanism contact type sensor Smoke prevention effect；
In the case of studying mechanism contact type sensor, the rule of speed and pressure distribution in staircase and cup, so that it is determined that machinery adds
The Smoke prevention effect of force feed wind.
9. the test method of fire of high-rise building Regularity of Smoke Movement research according to claim 8 and Control experiment platform,
It is further comprising the steps of：
Combustible is lighted in 3,4,5 layers of any one layer of the model of high-rise building；
Study cup air outlet and the asynchronous Smoke prevention effect of common antechamber door relative position；
The wind velocity distribution that the pressure law of difference floor and the doors of stairwell go out when studying staircase mechanism contact type sensor；
Pressure, the regularity of distribution of speed and Smoke prevention effect when research staircase, common antechamber individually blow and blow simultaneously.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510884010.0A CN105321419B (en) | 2015-12-07 | 2015-12-07 | The lower fire of high-rise building Regularity of Smoke Movement of multi-driving force effect and control technology development test platform |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201510884010.0A CN105321419B (en) | 2015-12-07 | 2015-12-07 | The lower fire of high-rise building Regularity of Smoke Movement of multi-driving force effect and control technology development test platform |
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| CN105321419A CN105321419A (en) | 2016-02-10 |
| CN105321419B true CN105321419B (en) | 2018-08-28 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107055230A (en) * | 2017-03-10 | 2017-08-18 | 黄宸 | A kind of elevator fire rescue and routine use energy conserving system and the System Utilization Procedure |
| CN106910408B (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2019-10-18 | 公安部四川消防研究所 | Smoke evacuation shares hoistway experiment porch and method with ventilation and air conditioning pipeline under fire working |
| CN108877455A (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2018-11-23 | 公安部上海消防研究所 | A kind of modularization fire of high-rise building experiment simulator |
| CN109859561B (en) * | 2019-04-09 | 2024-04-16 | 应急管理部四川消防研究所 | Platform and method for meeting natural ventilation of front chamber in different directions under fire working condition |
| CN112726669B (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2024-06-18 | 中铁第六勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Open combined type passageway for subway entrance and safety exit |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101527096B (en) * | 2009-04-20 | 2010-12-08 | 中国科学技术大学 | Stairwell fire simulation experimental apparatus of super high-rise buildings |
| CN204102430U (en) * | 2014-07-14 | 2015-01-14 | 公安消防部队昆明指挥学校 | The teaching, training apparatus for demonstrating combining fire extinguishing water system is moved in the skyscraper scene of a fire admittedly |
| CN204204328U (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2015-03-11 | 公安消防部队昆明指挥学校 | Interior of building fire smoke simulated flowing apparatus |
| KR101550210B1 (en) * | 2015-01-16 | 2015-09-04 | 주식회사 샛별교육연구 | Fire Fighting Safe Experience System For Education |
| CN205428359U (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2016-08-03 | 中国人民武装警察部队学院 | Mobile law of high -rise building fire smoke and control technical research test bench are down used to masterpieces that drive more |
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