CN105321419A - Testbed for studying smoke flow law and control technique of high-rise building fire under action of multiple driving forces - Google Patents
Testbed for studying smoke flow law and control technique of high-rise building fire under action of multiple driving forces Download PDFInfo
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- CN105321419A CN105321419A CN201510884010.0A CN201510884010A CN105321419A CN 105321419 A CN105321419 A CN 105321419A CN 201510884010 A CN201510884010 A CN 201510884010A CN 105321419 A CN105321419 A CN 105321419A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a testbed for studying the smoke flow law and control technique of high-rise building fire under the action of multiple driving forces. The testbed comprises a high-rise building model and an outdoor experimental device, wherein the high-rise building model comprises a lift well, a stairwell, a common antechamber, a blowing-in shaft, a smoke shaft, an air supply outlet, a smoke vent, a loop corridor and an experimental chamber; and the outdoor experimental device comprises a mechanically-pressurized air feeder, a mechanical smoke exhauster, an outdoor wind simulation generator, a flow meter, a variable-frequency regulator, a multipoint temperature acquisition system and a multipoint pressure acquisition system. The testbed is constructed under the condition that the dimensional proportion of the testbed to an actual building is 1:3, and has the advantages of strong authenticity, functional diversity, structure fineness, and practical image.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of fire hazard safety, be specifically related to city (surpassing) skyscraper Compartment Fire Smoke Flow rule and control technology testing table.
Background technology
In recent years, along with the quickening of expanding economy and Development of China's Urbanization, for solving urban population growth and land resource problem day by day in short supply, urban architecture constantly develops to high level.Mainly present following characteristics: the quantity of skyscraper gets more and more; Building shape and version increasingly sophisticated, function is increasingly comprehensive, and high-level synthesis groups of building continue to bring out.Related statistical shows, and China has the nearly Building more than 150,000 of skyscraper at present, and wherein height about has more than 1800 at the high-rise building of more than 100m, and this quantity is still in increasing fast.
Skyscraper brings comfortable, attractive in appearance, grand visual experience and superior living environment to us, but the safety problem that skyscraper causes, especially security against fire problem is also quite severe, and the fire of high-rise building accident caused by a variety of causes happens occasionally.Although the number proportion in fire sum that rises of high-rise building with fire disaster is not very large, the loss caused is very large.
During high-rise building with fire disaster, its fire smoke is under the effect of various driving force, and in building, first level spreads, and then vertically spreads.The driving force that climing heat smoke spreads mainly comprises the heat buoyancy that high temperature causes, the impact of chimney effect, extraneous wind-force, mechanism contact type sensor and mechanical smoke extraction.Under the impact of various factors, fire smoke is in skyscraper.
Exit corridor is as first place of safety of evacuating path, and definitely can not prevent the intrusion of fire smoke, the flue gas produced during any one room breaking out of fire all likely invades in exit corridor.During common building breaking out of fire, fire smoke is mainly by the driving of heat buoyancy, and in building, the driving effect of hot pressing function, outside wind pressure and air conditioner is less, and the kinetic energy that therefore in exit corridor, fire smoke transports is less.And hot pressing function is remarkable in skyscraper, and outside wind pressure is large, and during fire, exterior window fragmentation causes outdoor wind to pour into, and these two kinds of driving forces significantly increase the kinetic energy that fire smoke transports at exit corridor.After mechanism contact type sensor starts, forced draft can stop fire smoke transporting at exit corridor, and mechanical smoke extraction simultaneously can cause larger disturbance to fire smoke.Therefore, under multi-driving force coupled effect, in exit corridor, fire smoke transport process is more complicated, and flow of flue gas is difficult to control more.
Current skyscraper flue gas control method generally carries out mechanism contact type sensor to staircase, cup or Fire lift common antechamber, discharges fume to exit corridor, prevents fire smoke from entering vertical evacuation passage by exit corridor, to guarantee safety evacuation.From the above, after high-rise building with fire disaster, fire smoke is except heat buoyancy drives, and the driving effects of driving force to fire smoke such as hot pressing in building, outside wind pressure, mechanism contact type sensor and mechanical smoke extraction are also more remarkable.But the smoke effluent design of current high (surpassing) skyscraper, majority still performs according to the regulation of common skyscraper about smoke controlling, this kind of method for designing is only considered to control fire smoke under heat buoyancy driving effect, the appreciable impact that after not considering high-rise building with fire disaster, in building, the multiple driving force such as hot pressing, outside wind pressure transports fire smoke.Although there is scholar to pay close attention to these problems abroad, lack and further deeply consider, the validity of these factors to traditional smoke evacuation measure and Smoke prevention measure proposes challenge.
The These characteristics that (surpassing) skyscraper possesses, makes it have the security against fire target of larger fire risk and Geng Gao compared with common building, needs more perfect security against fire security system.But also not forming the more perfect specification for the control of (surpassing) fire of high-rise building flue gas or guide at present both at home and abroad, many designers are all felt without ready patterns to follow when running into this type of building.Therefore, be necessary to carry out to (surpassing) skyscraper the systematic study that fire smoke transports rule and optimal control aspect.
Summary of the invention
In view of the solution of above-mentioned problem in science, the report closing this respect function building is found no in existing technical information, spread diffusion in order to what stop fire smoke, reduce casualties and property loss that fire brings, therefore developed the testing table of a set of like this control fire spread diffusion.
Fire of high-rise building Regularity of Smoke Movement and control technology development test platform under a kind of multi-driving force effect, testing table comprises model of high-rise building and outdoor experimental provision.
Further, model of high-rise building is built according to 1/3 ratio;
Further, model of high-rise building comprises escalator, staircase, common antechamber, air-supply vertical shaft, smoke shaft, loop corridor, air outlet, exhaust opening, experimental room;
Further, staircase, escalator and common antechamber by loop corridor around, be fire occur time need protection region, be the pressurised zone of mechanism contact type sensor;
Further, loop corridor is positioned at the edge, surrounding of testing table, and when being fire generation, the region of fire smoke is got rid of in proficiency Evacuation area and mechanical smoke extraction, should ensure the sharpness in fire floor loop corridor;
Further, smoke shaft is positioned at testing table one jiao or the testing table center side towards outdoor, gets rid of cigarette and hot gas for being used for during breaking out of fire;
Further, model of high-rise building at least comprises 10 layers;
Further, model of high-rise building room periphery and loop corridor periphery all adopt transparent fire-resistant glass 8.
Model of high-rise building every layer arranges the exhaust opening of the free open and close state of energy near ceiling place, and calculates according to dimension similarity theory, arranges the blower fan of respective row smoke which.
Staircase comprises vertical shaft, and the every alternating floor of described vertical shaft arranges an air outlet open in usual.
Common antechamber is the public space of escalator and staircase enabling place, every layer arrange one can the air outlet of free adjustment open and close state, staircase and elevator every layer all arrange can lead to described common antechamber can the door of free adjustment open and close state.
Common antechamber 43,4,5 layers arrange that two places lead to corridor different directions can the door of free adjustment open and close state.
Outdoor experimental provision comprises mechanism contact type sensor machine, mechanical smoke extraction machine, the simulation of outdoor wind generation device, flowmeter, variable frequency adjustment device, multi-point Temperature Acquisition System, multipoint pressure acquisition system, when this device is used for fire generation, for skyscraper provides experiment condition.
The door and window of skyscraper object model adopts loose-leaf system, is convenient to regulate open and close state; Variable windowing is reserved in outside in the room on fire of described skyscraper object model, with wind effect outside analysis room; Described air draft cigarette machine is equipped with frequency converter, in order to regulate air quantity and wind speed; The multi-direction headspace of described common antechamber door, so that change enabling direction.
Under a kind of multi-driving force effect, the test method of fire of high-rise building Regularity of Smoke Movement and control technology development test platform comprises the following steps:
Combustible is lighted at any one deck of described model of high-rise building;
Outside experimental analysis different chamber, wind speed is on the impact of indoor combustible HRR, Fire Smoke Temperature Changing Pattern and fire and smoke spread rate of propagation;
Different impact fire smoke being spread to rule and temperature distributing rule of aisle mechanical smoke extraction facility arrangement in research;
Research common antechamber mechanism contact type sensor mouth position is on the impact of cup mechanism contact type sensor Smoke prevention effect;
In research mechanism contact type sensor situation, the rule of speed and pressure distribution in staircase and cup, thus determine the Smoke prevention effect of mechanism contact type sensor;
Further comprising the steps of:
Combustible is lighted at 3,4,5 layers of any one deck of described model of high-rise building;
Research cup air outlet and the asynchronous Smoke prevention effect of common antechamber door relative position;
The wind velocity distribution that during research staircase mechanism contact type sensor, the pressure law of different floor and the doors of stairwell go out;
Research staircase, common antechamber blow separately and air-supply simultaneously time pressure, the regularity of distribution of speed and Smoke prevention effect.
The present invention establishes a set of entity research platform integrating the several functions such as research skyscraper interior fires developmenting spread rule, the design of mechanical smoke extraction policy optimization and mechanism contact type sensor Smoke prevention effect first, this testing table is built according to reality building 1: 3 reduced scale, has the advantage that authenticity is strong, diverse in function, structure are meticulous, image is practical.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is further detailed explanation.
Accompanying drawing 1 is testing table sectional view.
Accompanying drawing 2 is stair schematic diagram.
Accompanying drawing 3 is testing table planimetric map.
Drawing reference numeral:
1. smoke shaft 2. loop corridor 3. air delivery duct 4. common antechamber
5. escalator 6. staircase 7. experimental room 8. flame resistant glass
9. outside, hang up people's accommodation stairway 10. frequency conversion fan 11. fan blower 12. balustrade
Embodiment
Be described the principle of the application and feature below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, example, only for explaining invention, is not intended to limit scope of the present invention.
Fire of high-rise building Regularity of Smoke Movement and control technology research test stand under a kind of multi-driving force effect, testing table comprises model of high-rise building and outdoor experimental provision.
Further, model of high-rise building is built according to 1/3 ratio;
Further, model of high-rise building comprises model of high-rise building and comprises escalator 5, staircase 6, common antechamber 4, air-supply vertical shaft, smoke shaft 1, loop corridor 2, air outlet 2, exhaust opening, experimental room 6;
Further, staircase 6, escalator 5 and common antechamber 4 by loop corridor 2 around, be fire occur time need protection region, be the pressurised zone of mechanism contact type sensor;
Further, loop corridor 2 is positioned at the edge, surrounding of testing table, and when being fire generation, the region of fire smoke is got rid of in proficiency Evacuation area and mechanical smoke extraction, should ensure the sharpness in fire floor loop corridor 2;
Further, smoke shaft 1 is positioned at testing table one jiao or the testing table center side towards outdoor, gets rid of cigarette and hot gas for being used for during breaking out of fire;
Further, model of high-rise building at least comprises 10 layers;
Further, model of high-rise building room periphery and loop corridor 2 periphery all adopt transparent fire-resistant glass 8.
Model of high-rise building every layer arranges the exhaust opening of the free open and close state of energy near ceiling place, and calculates according to dimension similarity theory, arranges the blower fan of respective row smoke which.
Staircase 6 comprises vertical shaft, and the every alternating floor of described vertical shaft arranges an air outlet open in usual.
Common antechamber 4 is the public space of escalator 5 and staircase 6 enabling place, every layer arrange one can the air outlet of free adjustment open and close state, staircase 6 and every layer, elevator 3 well all arrange can lead to described common antechamber 4 can the door of free adjustment open and close state.
Common antechamber 43,4,5 layers arrange that two places lead to corridor different directions can the door of free adjustment open and close state.
Outdoor experimental provision comprises mechanism contact type sensor machine, mechanical smoke extraction machine, the simulation of outdoor wind generation device, flowmeter, variable frequency adjustment device, multi-point Temperature Acquisition System, multipoint pressure acquisition system, when this device is used for fire generation, for skyscraper provides experiment condition.The simulation aspect of the impact that outdoor wind changes building interior combustible HRR and Fire Smoke Temperature distribution influence, testing table is according to dimension similarity theory, the simulation room on fire of 1/3 size and coupled interior aisle are built, be provided with and rationally window, breeze fan is utilized to simulate generating chamber's exogenous wind, truly can reflect the situation of fire development change in room under outdoor wind effect, room periphery and annular interior aisle periphery are transparent fire-resistant glass 8 and construct, can in the outside clear observation experiment process of testing table and phenomenon.Mechanical smoke extraction effect simulation aspect, testing table is provided with in interior aisle different azimuth hoistway of vertically discharging fume, the exhaust opening of energy free adjustment open and close state is set near ceiling place at every layer, calculate according to dimension similarity theory, the blower fan of respective row smoke which is set, and in corridor inner set temperature and speed measuring point, can smoke discharging effect under practical study different situations;
The door and window of skyscraper object model adopts loose-leaf system, is convenient to regulate open and close state; Variable windowing is reserved in outside in the room on fire of described skyscraper object model, with wind effect outside analysis room; Described air draft cigarette machine is equipped with frequency converter, in order to regulate air quantity and wind speed; Described common antechamber 4 is multi-direction reserved, so that change enabling direction.
Under a kind of multi-driving force effect, the test method of fire of high-rise building Regularity of Smoke Movement and control technology development test platform comprises the following steps:
Combustible is lighted at any one deck of described model of high-rise building; Outside experimental analysis different chamber, wind speed is on the impact of indoor combustible HRR, Fire Smoke Temperature Changing Pattern and fire and smoke spread rate of propagation; Different impact fire smoke being spread to rule and temperature distributing rule of aisle mechanical smoke extraction facility arrangement in research; Research common antechamber 4 mechanism contact type sensor mouth position is on the impact of cup mechanism contact type sensor Smoke prevention effect; In research mechanism contact type sensor situation, the rule of speed and pressure distribution in staircase 6 and cup, thus determine the Smoke prevention effect of mechanism contact type sensor;
Further comprising the steps of:
Combustible is lighted at 3,4,5 layers of any one deck of described model of high-rise building; Research cup air outlet and the asynchronous Smoke prevention effect of common antechamber 4 relative positions; Study pressure law and staircase 6 wind velocity distribution gone out of different floor during staircase 6 mechanism contact type sensor; Research staircase 6, common antechamber 4 separately air-supply and air-supply simultaneously time pressure, the regularity of distribution of speed and Smoke prevention effect.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiment of the application, not in order to limit the present invention, within all spirit in the application and principle, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., within the protection domain that all should be included in the application.
Claims (10)
1. fire of high-rise building Regularity of Smoke Movement and a control technology development test platform under multi-driving force effect, it is characterized in that, described testing table comprises model of high-rise building and outdoor experimental provision,
Described model of high-rise building is built according to 1/3 ratio;
Described model of high-rise building comprises escalator, staircase, common antechamber, air-supply vertical shaft, smoke shaft, loop corridor, air outlet, exhaust opening, experimental room;
Described staircase, escalator and common antechamber, by loop corridor around, be fire occur time need protection region, be the pressurised zone of mechanism contact type sensor;
Described loop corridor, is positioned at the edge, surrounding of testing table, and when being fire generation, the region of fire smoke is got rid of in proficiency Evacuation area and mechanical smoke extraction, should ensure that fire floor annular walks interior sharpness;
Described smoke shaft is positioned at testing table one jiao or testing table towards the side of outdoor, gets rid of cigarette and hot gas for being used for during breaking out of fire in center on one side;
Described model of high-rise building at least comprises 10 layers;
Described model of high-rise building room periphery and loop corridor periphery all adopt transparent fire-resistant glass.
2. the fire of high-rise building Regularity of Smoke Movement according to claim and control technology development test platform, it is characterized in that, described model of high-rise building every layer arranges the exhaust opening of the free open and close state of energy near ceiling place, and calculate according to dimension similarity theory, the blower fan of respective row smoke which is set.
3. fire of high-rise building Regularity of Smoke Movement according to claim 1 and control technology development test platform, it is characterized in that, described staircase comprises vertical shaft, and the every alternating floor of described vertical shaft arranges an air outlet open in usual.
4. fire of high-rise building Regularity of Smoke Movement according to claim 1 and control technology development test platform, is characterized in that, described common antechamber is the public space of escalator and staircase enabling place.
5. the fire of high-rise building Regularity of Smoke Movement according to claim 1 or 4 and control technology development test platform, it is characterized in that, described common antechamber every layer arranges one can the air outlet of free adjustment open and close state, staircase and elevator every layer all arrange can lead to described common antechamber can the door of free adjustment open and close state.
6. the fire of high-rise building Regularity of Smoke Movement according to claim 1 or 4 and control technology development test platform, is characterized in that, described common antechamber 3,4,5 layers arrange that two places lead to corridor different directions can the door of free adjustment open and close state.
7. fire of high-rise building Regularity of Smoke Movement according to claim 1 and control technology development test platform, it is characterized in that, outdoor experimental provision comprises mechanism contact type sensor machine, mechanical smoke extraction machine, the simulation of outdoor wind generation device, flowmeter, variable frequency adjustment device, multi-point Temperature Acquisition System, multipoint pressure acquisition system, when this device is used for fire generation, for skyscraper provides experiment condition.
8. fire of high-rise building Regularity of Smoke Movement according to claim 1 and control technology development test platform, is characterized in that, the door and window of described skyscraper object model adopts loose-leaf system, is convenient to regulate open and close state; Variable windowing is reserved in outside in the room on fire of described skyscraper object model, with wind effect outside analysis room; Described air draft cigarette machine is equipped with frequency converter, in order to regulate air quantity and wind speed; Described common antechamber 4 multi-direction headspaces, so that change enabling direction.
9. the test method of fire of high-rise building Regularity of Smoke Movement and control technology development test platform under multi-driving force effect, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
Combustible is lighted at any one deck of described model of high-rise building;
Outside experimental analysis different chamber, wind speed is on the impact of indoor combustible HRR, Fire Smoke Temperature Changing Pattern and fire and smoke spread rate of propagation;
Different impact fire smoke being spread to rule and temperature distributing rule of aisle mechanical smoke extraction facility arrangement in research;
Research common antechamber mechanism contact type sensor mouth position is on the impact of cup mechanism contact type sensor Smoke prevention effect;
In research mechanism contact type sensor situation, the rule of speed and pressure distribution in staircase and cup, thus determine the Smoke prevention effect of mechanism contact type sensor;
10. the test method of fire of high-rise building Regularity of Smoke Movement research according to claim 8 and Control experiment platform is further comprising the steps of:
Combustible is lighted at 3,4,5 layers of any one deck of described model of high-rise building;
Research cup air outlet and the asynchronous Smoke prevention effect of common antechamber door relative position;
The wind velocity distribution that during research staircase mechanism contact type sensor, the pressure law of different floor and the doors of stairwell go out;
Research staircase, common antechamber blow separately and air-supply simultaneously time pressure, the regularity of distribution of speed and Smoke prevention effect.
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| CN112726669A (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2021-04-30 | 中铁第六勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Subway open combined type entrance and exit and safe exit channel |
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| CN112726669A (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2021-04-30 | 中铁第六勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Subway open combined type entrance and exit and safe exit channel |
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