CN105289657A - Preparation method for graphene and antimony sulphide nano-rod composite visible light catalyst - Google Patents
Preparation method for graphene and antimony sulphide nano-rod composite visible light catalyst Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method for graphene and antimony sulphide nano-rod composite visible light catalyst. The preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly adding oxidized graphene into ethylene glycol or 1,2-propanediol, performing ultrasonic dispersion, then adding SbCl3, heating, stirring to enable the mixture to be dissolved, adding sulfur powder, continuously stirring to enable the mixture to be uniform, adding sodium borohydride, stirring, performing reflux for a period of time, naturally cooling to the room temperature, and performing centrifugal separation to obtain a black precipitate; washing and drying the black precipitate to obtain the graphene and antimony sulphide nano-rod composite visible light catalyst. The photocatalyst prepared by the method is excellent in composite effect and high in visible light catalytic activity, has the advantages of being simple in production technology, safe in production process, easily-controllable in reaction parameter, low in implementation cost and easy to realize industrial production, and can be widely used for preparation of graphene-based composite one-dimensional nanometer materials.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to photocatalysis technology field, be specifically related to a kind of method adopting circumfluence method synthesizing graphite alkene-antimony sulfide nano rod composite visible light catalyst.
Background technology
Environmental pollution and energy shortage are two hang-ups of 21 century facing mankind.Heterogeneous Photocatalysis of Semiconductors thoroughly to be degraded environmental contaminants and be subject to the most attention of people owing to directly can utilize the oxygen in sunshine and air.This technology has that cost is low, wide accommodation, environmental friendliness, easy to use, to pollutant mineralising completely and to the organic matter of difficult degradation, there is the series of advantages such as good oxygenolysis, be that a very promising Green-pollution administers new technology.The key of photocatalysis technology application develops suitable semiconductor light-catalyst.
At present, in the semiconductor catalyst that multiphase photocatalysis is applied, nano-TiO
2nontoxic with it, catalytic activity is high, good stability and the advantage such as oxidation resistance is strong and enjoy the favor of people.But use TiO
2photocatalyst has two large defects, and one is its greater band gap (E
g=3.2eV), only have the ultraviolet light of wavelength X < 387nm just can make it to excite, and sunshine medium ultraviolet luminous energy proportion is less than 5%, thus the utilization rate of solar energy is low; Two is the easy compounds of light induced electron and hole produced by optical excitation, so that photocatalysis efficiency is low.For overcoming these shortcomings, people adopt multiple means to TiO
2carry out modification, comprising dye sensitization, semiconductors coupling, noble metal decorated, transition metal ions and nonmetal doping etc., to change TiO
2energy gap, make the response spectrum of reaction to visible ray Directional Extension, and the compound effectively suppressing electronics, hole right, thus improve its photocatalysis efficiency.By these modifications, TiO
2though photocatalytic activity obtain raising to a certain degree, its efficiency is still lower.
Antimony trisulfide (Sb
2s
3) be a kind of common
(V represents the 5th main group, and VI represents the 6th main group, and A is As, Sb, Bi; B is S, Se, Te) type direct band-gap semicondictor material, band gap is 1.5 ~ 2.2eV, and it covers the visible of sunshine power spectrum and near infrared region, has very strong light absorpting ability, at the absorption coefficient of light of visible region up to 10
5cm
-1, therefore, it is the very promising visible-light photocatalysis material of one.But in photocatalytic process, antimony trisulfide is the same with other photochemical catalysts many, and there is the defect of photo-generate electron-hole to easy compound, make photo-quantum efficiency very low, this reduces the utilization rate of solar energy and the efficiency of light-catalyzed reaction to a great extent.Therefore, reducing antimony trisulfide photo-generate electron-hole probability to compound in light-catalyzed reaction process is the effective way improving its photocatalysis efficiency.
Graphene (graphene) is by the sp of individual layer
2the cellular two dimensional crystal structure of the carbon atom close-packed arrays formation of hydridization, monoatomic layer thickness is only 0.335nm, the large π key wherein existed makes pi-electron to move freely, its valence band and conduction band have the overlap of fraction, be zero clearance semi-metallic, and the intermolecular forces of the carbon atom of Graphene are extremely strong, electronics resistance in transmitting procedure is very little, not easily scattering occurs, thus it has excellent electric conductivity, and electron mobility can up to 200000cm
2/ (Vs), electrical conductivity is 10
6s/m.Graphene also has huge specific area, and (its theoretical specific surface area is up to 2600m
2/ g), the series of properties such as the outstanding capacity of heat transmission and mechanical property, half-integer quantum hall effect, unique quantum tunneling effect.As everyone knows, after conductor photocatalysis material absorbs the light of certain wavelength, the electrons of valence band is excited and is transitted to conduction band, but the electrons excited, with the hole stayed, spontaneous recombination reaction occurs, along with the compound in electronics and hole, photocatalytic process also just stops.As can be seen here, one of effective ways improving photocatalysis efficiency are the recombination reactions suppressing excitation electron-hole right.If by Graphene and semi-conducting material compound, just can utilize the electron mobility that Graphene is high, the electronics excited is made to move to rapidly in graphene film Rotating fields, instead of be accumulated in catalysis material surface, this reduces the probability of excitation electron and hole-recombination, thus improve the photocatalysis efficiency of semi-conducting material.In addition, the huge specific area that Graphene has, is also conducive to the photocatalysis efficiency improving semi-conducting material.
Current, the preparation research both at home and abroad about graphene-sulfur antimony composite photo-catalyst is few, its known document also rarely seen one, i.e. " TaoWG, ChangJL, WuDP, etal.Solvothermalsynthesisofgraphene-Sb
2s
3compositeandthedegradationactivityundervisiblelight [J] .MaterialsResearchBulletin, 2013,48,538 – 543. ", it is with graphene oxide, SbCl
3, thiocarbamide is raw material, ethylene glycol is solvent, within 12 hours, prepares graphene-sulfur antimony composite photo-catalyst by solvent-thermal method 100 DEG C of reactions.It is harsh and restive, that production cost the is high defect of micron particles instead of antimony sulfide nano rod, preparation condition that the method exists poor product quality, the appendix antimony trisulfide on graphene sheet layer.The present invention adopts graphene oxide, SbCl
3, sulphur powder is raw material, sodium borohydride is reducing agent and adjacent hydroxy diol is solvent, has prepared graphene-sulfur antimony nanometer rods composite visible light catalyst by circumfluence method.In course of reaction, sodium borohydride and sulphur powder react and create H
2s, H
2s more under reflux conditions with SbCl
3reaction generates antimony sulfide nano rod, simultaneously, graphene oxide (GO) is become Graphene (or being redox graphene, RGO) by sodium borohydride reduction, and Graphene and antimony sulfide nano rod compound become graphene-sulfur antimony nanometer rod composite material.By the visible light photocatalysis Performance to composite, result shows, the visible light photocatalysis active of product is high, can make full use of sunshine and carry out photocatalytic degradation to environmental pollutants.This synthetic method has no bibliographical information both at home and abroad, has novelty and creativeness.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide the preparation method of the graphene-sulfur antimony nanometer rods composite visible light catalyst that a kind of production technology is simple, production process safety, composite effect are good, visible light catalysis activity is high.
The object of the invention is to realize in the following way:
A preparation method for graphene-sulfur antimony nanometer rods composite visible light catalyst, comprises the steps:
A graphene oxide joins in adjacent hydroxy diol by (), ultrasonic disperse 1 ~ 3 hour, is mixed with the dispersion liquid of 0.5 ~ 2mg/mL graphene oxide-adjacent hydroxy diol;
B () adds SbCl in dispersion liquid
3, add thermal agitation and make it to dissolve, SbCl
3be 1:300 ~ 550 with the ratio of the amount of substance of hydroxy diol adjacent in dispersion liquid; Then add sulphur powder, the amount of substance of described sulphur powder is SbCl
32 ~ 4 times of amount of substance, continue to stir and evenly mix, obtain mixed liquor;
C () adds sodium borohydride in mixed liquor, constantly stir, the amount of substance of described sodium borohydride is 2 ~ 4 times of the amount of sulphur amylaceous substance simultaneously; Then, stirring and refluxing 5 ~ 15 hours at 160 ~ 200 DEG C;
D () has been reacted after, naturally cool to room temperature, centrifugation, obtain black precipitate; Black precipitate is replaced supersound washing with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol respectively, after drying, obtains graphene-sulfur antimony nanometer rods composite visible light catalyst.
Described adjacent hydroxy diol is ethylene glycol or 1,2-PD.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) the present invention is with the standby graphene oxide of Hummers legal system improved and SbCl
3, sulphur powder is raw material, and be reducing agent and adjacent hydroxy diol with sodium borohydride be solvent, graphene-sulfur antimony nanometer rods composite visible light catalyst is prepared by circumfluence method, solve poor product quality that existing preparation method exists, visible light photocatalysis active is low, production cost is high, the defect of poor stability, have that production technology is simple, production process safety, response parameter easily control, implementation cost is low, be easy to realize large-scale industrial production, advantage that photocatalysis efficiency is high.
(2) the graphene-sulfur antimony nanometer rods composite visible light catalyst that prepared by the present invention belongs to composite, and it has very strong absorption to visible ray on the one hand, and electron mobility is high, conductive capability is strong, and photo-generate electron-hole is to easy separation; Its graphene sheet layer and antimony sulfide nano rod all have very large specific area on the other hand, therefore, add its visible light photocatalysis active, can make full use of sunshine and carry out photocatalytic degradation to environmental pollutants, reduce the cost of environmental improvement.The present invention can be widely used in the preparation of graphene-based compound monodimension nanometer material.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is X-ray diffraction (XRD) figure of graphene-sulfur antimony nanometer rods composite visible light catalyst prepared by embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is SEM (SEM) figure of graphene-sulfur antimony nanometer rods composite visible light catalyst prepared by embodiment 1.
Fig. 3 is SEM (SEM) figure of graphene-sulfur antimony nanometer rods composite visible light catalyst prepared by embodiment 2.
Fig. 4 is SEM (SEM) figure of graphene-sulfur antimony nanometer rods composite visible light catalyst prepared by embodiment 3.
Fig. 5 is SEM (SEM) figure of graphene-sulfur antimony nanometer rods composite visible light catalyst prepared by embodiment 4.
Fig. 6 is SEM (SEM) figure of antimony sulfide nano rod prepared by comparative example.
Fig. 7 is the photocatalysis effect figure of the antimony sulfide nano rod prepared of comparative example and graphene-sulfur antimony nanometer rods composite visible light catalyst.Wherein e is antimony sulfide nano rod, and a, b, c, d are respectively the graphene-sulfur antimony nanometer rods composite visible light catalyst of embodiment 1, embodiment 4, embodiment 3, embodiment 2 preparation, and abscissa represents degradation time, and ordinate represents degradation rate.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated:
Embodiment 1
(1) graphene oxide taking 60mg joins in the 1,2-PD of 60mL, and ultrasonic disperse 2 hours, obtains the dispersion liquid of 1mg/mL graphene oxide-1,2-PD.
(2) in dispersion liquid, 0.46gSbCl is added
3, heat a little, stirs and makes it to dissolve (SbCl
3be 1:405 with the ratio of the amount of substance of 1,2-PD in dispersion liquid), then add 0.18g sulphur powder, the amount of substance adding sulphur powder is SbCl
32.8 times of amount of substance, continue to stir and evenly mix, obtain mixed liquor, transferred in three-neck flask by mixed liquor.
(3) in mixed liquor, slowly add 0.56g sodium borohydride, simultaneously continuous magnetic agitation, the amount of substance of sodium borohydride is 2.6 times of the amount of sulphur amylaceous substance.Then, with oil bath heating, stirring and refluxing 15 hours at 160 DEG C.
(4) after having reacted, naturally cool to room temperature, centrifugation, obtain black precipitate.Black precipitate is replaced supersound washing each 3 times with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol respectively, then obtain graphene-sulfur antimony nanometer rods composite visible light catalyst product after 60 DEG C of dryings in thermostatic drying chamber.
Embodiment 2
(1) graphene oxide taking 25mg joins in the ethylene glycol of 50mL, and ultrasonic disperse 1 hour, obtains the dispersion liquid of 0.5mg/mL graphene oxide-ethylene glycol.
(2) in dispersion liquid, 0.37gSbCl is added
3, heat a little, stirs and makes it to dissolve (SbCl
3be 1:550 with the ratio of the amount of substance of ethylene glycol in dispersion liquid), then add 0.20g sulphur powder, the amount of substance adding sulphur powder is SbCl
33.9 times of amount of substance, continue to stir and evenly mix, obtain mixed liquor, transferred in three-neck flask by mixed liquor.
(3) in mixed liquor, slowly add 0.48g sodium borohydride, simultaneously continuous magnetic agitation, the amount of substance of sodium borohydride is 2.0 times of the amount of sulphur amylaceous substance.Then, with oil bath heating, stirring and refluxing 5 hours at 190 DEG C.
(4) after having reacted, naturally cool to room temperature, centrifugation, obtain black precipitate.Black precipitate is replaced supersound washing each 3 times with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol respectively, then obtain graphene-sulfur antimony nanometer rods composite visible light catalyst product after 60 DEG C of dryings in thermostatic drying chamber.
Embodiment 3
(1) graphene oxide taking 90mg joins in the 1,2-PD of 45mL, and ultrasonic disperse 3 hours, obtains the dispersion liquid of 2mg/mL graphene oxide-1,2-PD.
(2) in dispersion liquid, 0.47gSbCl is added
3, heat a little, stirs and makes it to dissolve (SbCl
3be 1:300 with the ratio of the amount of substance of 1,2-PD in dispersion liquid), then add 0.14g sulphur powder, the amount of substance adding sulphur powder is SbCl
32.2 times of amount of substance, continue to stir and evenly mix, obtain mixed liquor, transferred in three-neck flask by mixed liquor.
(3) in mixed liquor, slowly add 0.68g sodium borohydride, simultaneously continuous magnetic agitation, the amount of substance of sodium borohydride is 4.0 times of the amount of sulphur amylaceous substance.Then, with oil bath heating, stirring and refluxing 10 hours at 170 DEG C.
(4) after having reacted, naturally cool to room temperature, centrifugation, obtain black precipitate.Black precipitate is replaced supersound washing each 3 times with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol respectively, then obtain graphene-sulfur antimony nanometer rods composite visible light catalyst product after 60 DEG C of dryings in thermostatic drying chamber.
Embodiment 4
(1) graphene oxide taking 78mg joins in the ethylene glycol of 52mL, and ultrasonic disperse 2 hours, obtains the dispersion liquid of 1.5mg/mL graphene oxide-ethylene glycol.
(2) in dispersion liquid, 0.47gSbCl is added
3, heat a little, stirs and makes it to dissolve (SbCl
3be 1:450 with the ratio of the amount of substance of ethylene glycol in dispersion liquid), then add 0.20g sulphur powder, the amount of substance adding sulphur powder is SbCl
33.0 times of amount of substance, continue to stir and evenly mix, obtain mixed liquor, transferred in three-neck flask by mixed liquor.
(3) in mixed liquor, slowly add 0.75g sodium borohydride, simultaneously continuous magnetic agitation, the amount of substance of sodium borohydride is 3.2 times of the amount of sulphur amylaceous substance.Then, with oil bath heating, stirring and refluxing 12 hours at 180 DEG C.
(4) after having reacted, naturally cool to room temperature, centrifugation, obtain black precipitate.Black precipitate is replaced supersound washing each 3 times with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol respectively, then obtain graphene-sulfur antimony nanometer rods composite visible light catalyst product after 60 DEG C of dryings in thermostatic drying chamber.
Comparative example
For being contrasted by the photocatalysis performance of graphene-sulfur antimony nanometer rod composite material and antimony sulfide nano rod, prepare antimony sulfide nano rod by the method preparing composite identical, its concrete steps are:
(1) in 60mL1,2-propane diols, 0.46gSbCl is added
3, heat a little, stirs and makes it to dissolve (SbCl
3be 1:405 with the ratio of the amount of substance of 1,2-PD), then add 0.18g sulphur powder, the amount of substance adding sulphur powder is SbCl
32.8 times of amount of substance, continue to stir and evenly mix, obtain mixed liquor, transferred in three-neck flask by mixed liquor.
(2) in mixed liquor, slowly add 0.56g sodium borohydride, simultaneously continuous magnetic agitation, the amount of substance of sodium borohydride is 2.6 times of the amount of sulphur amylaceous substance.Then, with oil bath heating, stirring and refluxing 15 hours at 160 DEG C.
(3) after having reacted, naturally cool to room temperature, centrifugation, obtain black precipitate.Black precipitate is replaced supersound washing each 3 times with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol respectively, then obtain antimony sulfide nano rod product after 60 DEG C of dryings in thermostatic drying chamber.
Visible light photocatalysis performance test:
The photochemical catalyst of 50mg is joined in methylene blue (MB) solution of 100mL10mg/L, lucifuge ultrasonic disperse 5 minutes, more in the dark magnetic agitation 30 minutes, make methylene blue reach adsorption equilibrium at catalyst surface.Get 5mL sample liquid centrifugation removing catalyst powder last, test its absorbance at 664nm (maximum absorption wavelength of methylene blue) place also as the initial absorbance A of the liquid that is degraded with ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer
0.Subsequently, with 300W xenon lamp for light source carries out Photocatalytic Activity for Degradation experiment (top of xenon lamp is apart from liquid level 15cm), magnetic agitation simultaneously, every 10 minutes sampling liquid 5mL, after catalyst solid is removed in centrifugation, get supernatant liquor and measure its absorbance A at phase co-wavelength place
x, and calculate the degradation rate of methylene blue accordingly.
X-ray diffraction (XRD) figure of graphene-sulfur antimony nanometer rods composite visible light catalyst prepared by embodiment 1 as shown in Figure 1 (x-ray diffraction pattern of embodiment 1 to embodiment 4 gained catalyst is basically identical).By Fig. 1 and Sb
2s
3standard spectrogram (JCPDSNo.42-1393) contrast know, its all diffraction maximum position is all consistent with standard spectrogram, and diffracted intensity is higher, illustrate that product is that the antimony trisulfide load of the orthorhombic crystal phase of well-crystallized is on graphene film, but can't see the diffraction maximum of Graphene, this is the sheet Intercalation reaction antimony sulfide nano rod due to Graphene, thus destroys piling up in order of graphene film.
SEM (SEM) photo of embodiment 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3, graphene-sulfur antimony nanometer rods composite visible light catalyst prepared by embodiment 4 is respectively as shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5.As seen from the figure, antimony sulfide nano rod in product is except uniform load is except graphene sheet layer surface, also insert between graphene sheet layer that (graphene film is very thin and light transmission good, transparent shape, the antimony sulfide nano rod inserting sheet interlayer can be clear that), the composite effect of graphene film and antimony sulfide nano rod is good.In embodiment 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3, composite prepared by embodiment 4 length of antimony sulfide nano rod be respectively 0.2 ~ 1.2 μm (micron), 0.3 ~ 2.0 μm, 0.2 ~ 1.2 μm, 0.2 ~ 1.5 μm; Diameter is respectively 50 ~ 100nm (nanometer), 35 ~ 200nm, 75 ~ 150nm, 50 ~ 150nm.
As shown in Figure 6, as seen from Figure 6, long 0.3 ~ 1.8 μm of gained antimony sulfide nano rod, diameter are 60 ~ 130nm to SEM (SEM) photo of antimony sulfide nano rod prepared by comparative example.
Get antimony sulfide nano rod prepared by comparative example and embodiment respectively and graphene-sulfur antimony nanometer rod composite material carries out photocatalysis performance test, result as shown in Figure 7.As seen from Figure 7, (, apparently higher than antimony sulfide nano rod (sample e), (sample visible light photocatalysis active a) is the highest to the composite that wherein embodiment 1 is obtained to graphene-sulfur antimony nanometer rod composite material for sample a, b, c, visible light photocatalysis active d).As can be seen here, the compound of Graphene significantly improves the visible light photocatalysis active of antimony sulfide nano rod.
Claims (2)
1. a preparation method for graphene-sulfur antimony nanometer rods composite visible light catalyst, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
A graphene oxide joins in adjacent hydroxy diol by (), ultrasonic disperse 1 ~ 3 hour, is mixed with the dispersion liquid of 0.5 ~ 2mg/mL graphene oxide-adjacent hydroxy diol;
B () adds SbCl in dispersion liquid
3, add thermal agitation and make it to dissolve, SbCl
3be 1:300 ~ 550 with the ratio of the amount of substance of hydroxy diol adjacent in dispersion liquid; Then add sulphur powder, the amount of substance of described sulphur powder is SbCl
32 ~ 4 times of amount of substance, continue to stir and evenly mix, obtain mixed liquor;
C () adds sodium borohydride in mixed liquor, constantly stir, the amount of substance of described sodium borohydride is 2 ~ 4 times of the amount of sulphur amylaceous substance simultaneously; Then, stirring and refluxing 5 ~ 15 hours at 160 ~ 200 DEG C;
D () has been reacted after, naturally cool to room temperature, centrifugation, obtain black precipitate; Black precipitate is replaced supersound washing with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol respectively, after drying, obtains graphene-sulfur antimony nanometer rods composite visible light catalyst.
2. the preparation method of graphene-sulfur antimony nanometer rods composite visible light catalyst according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described adjacent hydroxy diol is ethylene glycol or 1,2-PD.
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| CN110931731A (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2020-03-27 | 上海应用技术大学 | Two-dimensional carbide crystal-based antimony sulfide negative electrode material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111933900A (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2020-11-13 | 南京农业大学 | Antimony sulfide/graphene composite nano material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113436898A (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2021-09-24 | 新余学院 | Thin film electrode material for dye-sensitized solar cell and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106622294A (en) * | 2016-12-31 | 2017-05-10 | 湘潭大学 | Preparation method of graphene-based composite Sb2S3 photocatalyst |
| CN107819044A (en) * | 2017-10-24 | 2018-03-20 | 三峡大学 | A kind of preparation method of antimony trisulfide base photodetector |
| CN108579767A (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2018-09-28 | 南开大学 | It is grown on the Sb of graphene surface2S3Nanometer sheet and its preparation method and application |
| CN110931731A (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2020-03-27 | 上海应用技术大学 | Two-dimensional carbide crystal-based antimony sulfide negative electrode material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN110931731B (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2020-10-23 | 上海应用技术大学 | Two-dimensional carbide crystal-based antimony sulfide negative electrode material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111933900A (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2020-11-13 | 南京农业大学 | Antimony sulfide/graphene composite nano material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111933900B (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2022-05-10 | 南京农业大学 | Antimony sulfide/graphene composite nano material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113436898A (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2021-09-24 | 新余学院 | Thin film electrode material for dye-sensitized solar cell and preparation method thereof |
| CN113436898B (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2022-06-07 | 新余学院 | Thin film electrode material for dye-sensitized solar cell and preparation method thereof |
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