CN105284738A - 一种池内养殖蜈蚣的方法 - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/42—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing within the same carbon skeleton a carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a carbon atom having only two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. keto-carboxylic acids
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Abstract
本发明提供一种池内养殖蜈蚣的方法,涉及特种养殖技术领域,在室内建池养殖,池养殖为砖水泥结构,池内环境要温暖、凉爽、潮湿、安静;每个池养殖面积2平方米,长方形,池高为50~60厘米,池内壁用水泥抹平不留任何空隙,并衬上农用塑料薄膜,池底先铺一层厚约10厘米的垫料,再在垫料上面堆放多叠瓦片,池口用铁纱网制成的盖子罩住。本发明在木池内养殖蜈蚣,便于对蜈蚣的管理,养殖池内叠置的瓦片和垫料可为蜈蚣提供充足的栖息环境,而且蜈蚣可在垫料中获取丰富的食料,利用增湿液为池内的养殖环境进行增湿,保持湿润,同时增湿液还可以净化蜈蚣养殖环境,预防疾病。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及特种养殖技术领域,尤其涉及一种池内养殖蜈蚣的方法。
背景技术
蜈蚣又名百足虫,天龙、千足虫、天虫,是蠕虫形的陆生节肢动物,属节肢动物门多足纲。喜栖于潮湿阴暗的地方,分布在我国南方亚热带地域,蜈蚣为重要的药材、具有息风镇痉、攻毒散结,通络止痛功能,还用于小儿惊风、抽搐痉挛、中风口眼歪斜半身不遂、破伤风症、风湿顽痹、疮疡、瘰疬、毒蛇咬伤。原有的蜈蚣依赖于自然条件养殖与繁殖,自生自灭,难以满足市场的需要。人工开始养殖以后,由于养殖技术水平低,再加上病害,天敌、食料等问题尚未能完全解决,发展速度慢,很难以满足药材市场的需要。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种池内养殖蜈蚣的方法,以解决上述技术问题。
本发明所要解决的技术问题采用以下技术方案来实现:
一种池内养殖蜈蚣的方法,其特征在于:
在室内建池养殖,池养殖为砖水泥结构,池内环境要温暖、凉爽、潮湿、安静;每个池养殖面积2平方米,长方形,池高为50~60厘米,池内壁用水泥抹平不留任何空隙,并衬上农用塑料薄膜,池底先铺一层厚约10厘米的垫料,再在垫料上面堆放多叠瓦片,池口用铁纱网制成的盖子罩住;
每叠瓦片由5~6片瓦片上下叠置而成,相邻两片瓦片之间用水泥垫块隔开,使相邻两片瓦片之间产生1.5厘米的间隙供蜈蚣栖息;瓦片入池前,要用水洗干净,然后放入增湿液浸泡,让瓦片吸足增湿液,以便为蜈蚣创造一个潮湿环境;养殖过程中,每2天向垫料表面喷洒一次增湿液,使垫料表面保持湿润;
所述垫料由如下重量份的原料制备而成:超微麸皮30份、豆渣45份、蝗虫5份、蚯蚓5份、黄粉虫5份、山药多糖0.2份、冬瓜粉12份、矫味剂3份、纤维素粉5份、沙土100份、杉树皮15份、木屑25份、玉米芯15份、石膏6份、石灰3.5份、啤酒糟15份、防腐剂2.5份;
垫料的制备方法:
1)按比例称取超微麸皮30份、豆渣45份、纤维素粉5份,混合后进行膨化,激活物料的全部有效成份,制得膨化物料;膨化条件为:温度85℃,压力1.5-4.0Mpa,转速50-80转/分,时间30-60分钟;
2)将膨化物料与山药多糖0.2份、冬瓜粉12份和矫味剂3份进行混合,再添加适量温水,水温42℃,搅拌使物料呈糊状;
3)将上述糊状物料在发酵罐内进行发酵,其中罐内温度32℃-45℃,压力2.0-3.8mpa,时间50-90分钟;
4)发酵完成后将物料取出烘干,然后粉碎成芝麻粒般大小的颗粒;
5)在将粉碎后的物料与蝗虫5份、蚯蚓5份、黄粉虫5份、沙土100份、杉树皮15份、木屑25份、玉米芯15份、石膏6份、石灰3.5份、啤酒糟15份、防腐剂2.5份按比例混合均匀后,干燥,粉碎成芝麻粒般大小的颗粒,即制得垫料。
所述超微麸皮的制备方法如下:
1)将新鲜小麦麸皮过筛除杂后送入冷冻设备进行冷冻处理,在零下20℃环境下冷冻4-5小时;经过冷冻处理使麸皮稳定化,确保营养物质不流失;
2)将步骤1)中冷冻后的麸皮送入研磨机,连续研磨2小时,过200目筛,倒入反应釜中边搅拌边注入蒸气,在反应釜内的蒸气温度达到130℃的条件下,充分搅拌,使物料受热均匀,加热搅拌30-60分钟;
3)将步骤2)中加热后的物料放在冷冻床上,在0℃-2℃条件下冷藏24小时,使其结晶凝沉,使水分子从物料中析漓出来;
4)将步骤3)中析漓水分子后的物料块送入真空滚揉机,连续滚揉2小时,使物料块软化、破碎;
5)将滚揉后的物料送入烘干机,在65-70℃的环境下低温烘干,使其水分含量在14%以内;
6)将步骤5)中烘干的物料利用球磨机球磨至400目即成。
所述矫味剂是由以下重量份数的组分混制而成:硬脂醇9份、甘草粉0.2份、海藻酸钠2份、虾粉1.5份、丁香粉1.2份、β-环糊精0.4份、金银花提取物0.3份、紫甘薯花青素0.3份、肌苷酸钠0.3份。
所述增湿液由如下重量份的原料制备而成:
纯水1000份、酒精0.3份、栀子3份、大青叶2份、龙胆草4份、穿心莲4份、苦楝皮5份、大蒜2份、牛靥6份、芦荟3份、芫花4份、簕竹5份、萹蓄2份、吴茱萸6份、龙须莞4份、千屈草6份、樗白皮7份、鹭鸶兰4份、龙胡子5份、辣蓼3.5份、莱菔缨6.5份、灵香草3份、木香4份、磺胺片0.5份、氯霉素0.25份;
制备方法:按比例称取栀子3份、大青叶2份、龙胆草4份、穿心莲4份、苦楝皮5份、大蒜2份、牛靥6份、芦荟3份、芫花4份、簕竹5份、萹蓄2份、吴茱萸6份、龙须莞4份、千屈草6份、樗白皮7份、鹭鸶兰4份、龙胡子5份、辣蓼3.5份、莱菔缨6.5份、灵香草3份、木香4份,加入1000份水中,煎煮30min,过滤,取煎煮液,浓缩至50份;将浓缩后的煎煮液冷却后,加入磺胺片0.5份、氯霉素0.25份搅拌溶解,放入0℃环境下冷藏3-5小时,再与酒精0.3份混合,即得增湿液。
增湿液在0℃环境下密封冷藏。
使用方法:
①取增湿液在加入10倍体积的水稀释后,使稀释后的增湿液缓慢升温到19℃,然后将稀释后的增湿液装入雾化器内待用;
②将增湿液用雾化器雾化后喷洒在蜈蚣养殖场内,对蜈蚣养殖场内供蜈蚣栖息的垫料表面进行湿润,并保持蜈蚣养殖场内的空气相对湿度为35%。
增湿液可以对蜈蚣养殖场内进行增湿,可净化养殖环境,消灭杂菌的滋生,雾化后按照一定的方式喷洒在垫料的表面,可持续对蜈蚣养殖场内空气进行增湿,蜈蚣活动时,增湿液与蜈蚣体表有一定程度的接触,可预防蜈蚣出现黑斑病。
垫料不仅为蜈蚣提供栖息和生长环境,而且可使蜈蚣在栖息的垫料中觅食,养殖过程中可减少人为的干扰,蜈蚣采食方便,食料分布均匀,可避免池内蜈蚣采食不均匀,而出现长势不均的情况。
本发明的有益效果是:
本发明在木池内养殖蜈蚣,便于对蜈蚣的管理,养殖池内叠置的瓦片和垫料可为蜈蚣提供充足的栖息环境,而且蜈蚣可在垫料中获取丰富的食料,利用增湿液为池内的养殖环境进行增湿,保持湿润,同时增湿液还可以净化蜈蚣养殖环境,预防疾病。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解,下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明,但下述实施例仅仅为本发明的优选实施例,并非全部。基于实施方式中的实施例,本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得其它实施例,都属于本发明的保护范围。由如下重量份的原料制备而成:
一种池内养殖蜈蚣的方法,
在室内建池养殖,池养殖为砖水泥结构,池内环境要温暖、凉爽、潮湿、安静;每个池养殖面积2平方米,长方形,池高为50~60厘米,池内壁用水泥抹平不留任何空隙,并衬上农用塑料薄膜,池底先铺一层厚约10厘米的垫料,再在垫料上面堆放多叠瓦片,池口用铁纱网制成的盖子罩住;
每叠瓦片由5~6片瓦片上下叠置而成,相邻两片瓦片之间用水泥垫块隔开,使相邻两片瓦片之间产生1.5厘米的间隙供蜈蚣栖息;瓦片入池前,要用水洗干净,然后放入增湿液浸泡,让瓦片吸足增湿液,以便为蜈蚣创造一个潮湿环境;养殖过程中,每2天向垫料表面喷洒一次增湿液,使垫料表面保持湿润;
所述垫料由如下重量份的原料制备而成:超微麸皮30份、豆渣45份、蝗虫5份、蚯蚓5份、黄粉虫5份、山药多糖0.2份、冬瓜粉12份、矫味剂3份、纤维素粉5份、沙土100份、杉树皮15份、木屑25份、玉米芯15份、石膏6份、石灰3.5份、啤酒糟15份、防腐剂2.5份;
垫料的制备方法:
1)按比例称取超微麸皮30份、豆渣45份、纤维素粉5份,混合后进行膨化,激活物料的全部有效成份,制得膨化物料;膨化条件为:温度85℃,压力1.5-4.0Mpa,转速50-80转/分,时间30-60分钟;
2)将膨化物料与山药多糖0.2份、冬瓜粉12份和矫味剂3份进行混合,再添加适量温水,水温42℃,搅拌使物料呈糊状;
3)将上述糊状物料在发酵罐内进行发酵,其中罐内温度32℃-45℃,压力2.0-3.8mpa,时间50-90分钟;
4)发酵完成后将物料取出烘干,然后粉碎成芝麻粒般大小的颗粒;
5)在将粉碎后的物料与蝗虫5份、蚯蚓5份、黄粉虫5份、沙土100份、杉树皮15份、木屑25份、玉米芯15份、石膏6份、石灰3.5份、啤酒糟15份、防腐剂2.5份按比例混合均匀后,干燥,粉碎成芝麻粒般大小的颗粒,即制得垫料。
所述超微麸皮的制备方法如下:
1)将新鲜小麦麸皮过筛除杂后送入冷冻设备进行冷冻处理,在零下20℃环境下冷冻4-5小时;经过冷冻处理使麸皮稳定化,确保营养物质不流失;
2)将步骤1)中冷冻后的麸皮送入研磨机,连续研磨2小时,过200目筛,倒入反应釜中边搅拌边注入蒸气,在反应釜内的蒸气温度达到130℃的条件下,充分搅拌,使物料受热均匀,加热搅拌30-60分钟;
3)将步骤2)中加热后的物料放在冷冻床上,在0℃-2℃条件下冷藏24小时,使其结晶凝沉,使水分子从物料中析漓出来;
4)将步骤3)中析漓水分子后的物料块送入真空滚揉机,连续滚揉2小时,使物料块软化、破碎;
5)将滚揉后的物料送入烘干机,在65-70℃的环境下低温烘干,使其水分含量在14%以内;
6)将步骤5)中烘干的物料利用球磨机球磨至400目即成。
所述矫味剂是由以下重量份数的组分混制而成:硬脂醇9份、甘草粉0.2份、海藻酸钠2份、虾粉1.5份、丁香粉1.2份、β-环糊精0.4份、金银花提取物0.3份、紫甘薯花青素0.3份、肌苷酸钠0.3份。
所述增湿液由如下重量份的原料制备而成:
纯水1000份、酒精0.3份、栀子3份、大青叶2份、龙胆草4份、穿心莲4份、苦楝皮5份、大蒜2份、牛靥6份、芦荟3份、芫花4份、簕竹5份、萹蓄2份、吴茱萸6份、龙须莞4份、千屈草6份、樗白皮7份、鹭鸶兰4份、龙胡子5份、辣蓼3.5份、莱菔缨6.5份、灵香草3份、木香4份、磺胺片0.5份、氯霉素0.25份;
制备方法:按比例称取栀子3份、大青叶2份、龙胆草4份、穿心莲4份、苦楝皮5份、大蒜2份、牛靥6份、芦荟3份、芫花4份、簕竹5份、萹蓄2份、吴茱萸6份、龙须莞4份、千屈草6份、樗白皮7份、鹭鸶兰4份、龙胡子5份、辣蓼3.5份、莱菔缨6.5份、灵香草3份、木香4份,加入1000份水中,煎煮30min,过滤,取煎煮液,浓缩至50份;将浓缩后的煎煮液冷却后,加入磺胺片0.5份、氯霉素0.25份搅拌溶解,放入0℃环境下冷藏3-5小时,再与酒精0.3份混合,即得增湿液。
增湿液在0℃环境下密封冷藏。
使用方法:
①取增湿液在加入10倍体积的水稀释后,使稀释后的增湿液缓慢升温到19℃,然后将稀释后的增湿液装入雾化器内待用;
②将增湿液用雾化器雾化后喷洒在蜈蚣养殖场内,对蜈蚣养殖场内供蜈蚣栖息的垫料表面进行湿润,并保持蜈蚣养殖场内的空气相对湿度为35%。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的仅为本发明的优选例,并不用来限制本发明,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。
Claims (4)
1.一种池内养殖蜈蚣的方法,其特征在于:
在室内建池养殖,池养殖为砖水泥结构,池内环境要温暖、凉爽、潮湿、安静;每个池养殖面积2平方米,长方形,池高为50~60厘米,池内壁用水泥抹平不留任何空隙,并衬上农用塑料薄膜,池底先铺一层厚约10厘米的垫料,再在垫料上面堆放多叠瓦片,池口用铁纱网制成的盖子罩住;
每叠瓦片由5~6片瓦片上下叠置而成,相邻两片瓦片之间用水泥垫块隔开,使相邻两片瓦片之间产生1.5厘米的间隙供蜈蚣栖息;瓦片入池前,要用水洗干净,然后放入增湿液浸泡,让瓦片吸足增湿液,以便为蜈蚣创造一个潮湿环境;养殖过程中,每2天向垫料表面喷洒一次增湿液,使垫料表面保持湿润;
所述垫料由如下重量份的原料制备而成:超微麸皮30份、豆渣45份、蝗虫5份、蚯蚓5份、黄粉虫5份、山药多糖0.2份、冬瓜粉12份、矫味剂3份、纤维素粉5份、沙土100份、杉树皮15份、木屑25份、玉米芯15份、石膏6份、石灰3.5份、啤酒糟15份、防腐剂2.5份;
垫料的制备方法:
1)按比例称取超微麸皮30份、豆渣45份、纤维素粉5份,混合后进行膨化,激活物料的全部有效成份,制得膨化物料;膨化条件为:温度85℃,压力1.5-4.0Mpa,转速50-80转/分,时间30-60分钟;
2)将膨化物料与山药多糖0.2份、冬瓜粉12份和矫味剂3份进行混合,再添加适量温水,水温42℃,搅拌使物料呈糊状;
3)将上述糊状物料在发酵罐内进行发酵,其中罐内温度32℃-45℃,压力2.0-3.8mpa,时间50-90分钟;
4)发酵完成后将物料取出烘干,然后粉碎成芝麻粒般大小的颗粒;
5)在将粉碎后的物料与蝗虫5份、蚯蚓5份、黄粉虫5份、沙土100份、杉树皮15份、木屑25份、玉米芯15份、石膏6份、石灰3.5份、啤酒糟15份、防腐剂2.5份按比例混合均匀后,干燥,粉碎成芝麻粒般大小的颗粒,即制得垫料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的池内养殖蜈蚣的方法,其特征在于:所述超微麸皮的制备方法如下:
1)将新鲜小麦麸皮过筛除杂后送入冷冻设备进行冷冻处理,在零下20℃环境下冷冻4-5小时;经过冷冻处理使麸皮稳定化,确保营养物质不流失;
2)将步骤1)中冷冻后的麸皮送入研磨机,连续研磨2小时,过200目筛,倒入反应釜中边搅拌边注入蒸气,在反应釜内的蒸气温度达到130℃的条件下,充分搅拌,使物料受热均匀,加热搅拌30-60分钟;
3)将步骤2)中加热后的物料放在冷冻床上,在0℃-2℃条件下冷藏24小时,使其结晶凝沉,使水分子从物料中析漓出来;
4)将步骤3)中析漓水分子后的物料块送入真空滚揉机,连续滚揉2小时,使物料块软化、破碎;
5)将滚揉后的物料送入烘干机,在65-70℃的环境下低温烘干,使其水分含量在14%以内;
6)将步骤5)中烘干的物料利用球磨机球磨至400目即成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的池内养殖蜈蚣的方法,其特征在于:所述矫味剂是由以下重量份数的组分混制而成:硬脂醇9份、甘草粉0.2份、海藻酸钠2份、虾粉1.5份、丁香粉1.2份、β-环糊精0.4份、金银花提取物0.3份、紫甘薯花青素0.3份、肌苷酸钠0.3份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的池内养殖蜈蚣的方法,其特征在于:所述增湿液由如下重量份的原料制备而成:
纯水1000份、酒精0.3份、栀子3份、大青叶2份、龙胆草4份、穿心莲4份、苦楝皮5份、大蒜2份、牛靥6份、芦荟3份、芫花4份、簕竹5份、萹蓄2份、吴茱萸6份、龙须莞4份、千屈草6份、樗白皮7份、鹭鸶兰4份、龙胡子5份、辣蓼3.5份、莱菔缨6.5份、灵香草3份、木香4份、磺胺片0.5份、氯霉素0.25份;
制备方法:按比例称取栀子3份、大青叶2份、龙胆草4份、穿心莲4份、苦楝皮5份、大蒜2份、牛靥6份、芦荟3份、芫花4份、簕竹5份、萹蓄2份、吴茱萸6份、龙须莞4份、千屈草6份、樗白皮7份、鹭鸶兰4份、龙胡子5份、辣蓼3.5份、莱菔缨6.5份、灵香草3份、木香4份,加入1000份水中,煎煮30min,过滤,取煎煮液,浓缩至50份;将浓缩后的煎煮液冷却后,加入磺胺片0.5份、氯霉素0.25份搅拌溶解,放入0℃环境下冷藏3-5小时,再与酒精0.3份混合,即得增湿液。
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