CN105277444B - Fully mechanical pile foundation model test apparatus and test method based on multidirectional loading - Google Patents
Fully mechanical pile foundation model test apparatus and test method based on multidirectional loading Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Fully mechanical pile foundation model test apparatus and test method based on multidirectional loading, including vertically disposed four groove columns on bottom land seat and bottom land seat, groove sidewall is provided between adjacent slot column, two groove column tops of homonymy are respectively equipped with capital crossbeam, reaction frame is connected between two capital crossbeams, it is between each part of the experimental rig to be bolted more, connected for fully mechanical, it is easy to dismount, multiple combinations can be carried out according to content of the test, and can be strong according to the width and height of test requirements document adjusting apparatus, regulating power.The test method design of the present invention is reasonable, technique is simple, it is easy to operate, more single pile load tests or the multidirectional load test of single pile can be carried out simultaneously, during experiment, it can be achieved to sentence steady, automatic voltage regulation dimension lotus, automatically automatic loading, record and automatic data collection automatically, test accuracy is can ensure that, test efficiency can be improved, and main frame is placed in laboratory, it is good by radio control operations, operating environment.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to large-scale pile foundation modeling techniques field, more particularly to a kind of fully mechanical based on multidirectional loading
Pile foundation model test apparatus and test method.
Background technology
With the rapid development of the national economy, pile foundation answering in the engineerings such as high-rise building, high ferro, deep foundation pit support
Also become more and more important with more and more, related to pile foundation pile tests.Due to pile foundation on-the-spot test have it is costly,
The defects of engineering pile can not be loaded into the degree of destruction, Consideration is limited, therefore, in the case that experimental condition is limited at the scene
Large scale model test is carried out, destruction is may be loaded under various operating modes, can more consider single pile and clump of piles load
The influence factor of energy, there is important meaning to grasping various pile foundation pile-soil interaction mechanism and optimization Design of Foundation
Justice.
At present, Patent No. ZL 03125454.3 patent of invention discloses a kind of unsaturated soil pile foundation model test dress
Put, it is made up of the upper demountable pressure vessel of lid and bottom seat, by that to upper lid, base and groove specially treated, can try
The geology suction of soil sample is easily controlled in testing, realizes the load-carrying properties test of Model Pile in the unsaturation soil body；But the device
Middle model scale is small, and belongs to non-fully mechanical connection, it is impossible to realizes effective loading of leveling peg.Separately there is Patent No. ZL
201210081275.3 patent of invention, it discloses a kind of pile pressing device of geotechnical centrifugal model test Model Pile, the device
Push operation can be implemented for single pile and clump of piles etc., the press-in angle and speed of stake can be adjusted, ensure Model Pile burial place
Accuracy, piling process can be completed under 1g and Centrifugal Environment；But the device is limited only to realize mould under Centrifugal Environment
The accurate press-in of type stake, without reference to the multidirectional load test method of large scale Model Pile, and belong to non-fully mechanical connection side
Formula.
In addition, general models experimental rig is mostly reinforced concrete structure, model side wall can not be adjusted, and can only be realized mostly
Unidirectional static load test, and the stake simulated in loading is long and method of testing is single, simultaneously multidirectional load or not can not be realized
It is larger using limitation with the long model test of stake.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide it is a kind of it is rational in infrastructure, be easy to regulation, easy to operate and can be to model single pile or a clump of piles
Carry out the fully mechanical pile foundation model test apparatus and test method based on multidirectional loading of multidirectional load test.
Technical solution of the present invention is：Fully mechanical pile foundation model test apparatus based on multidirectional loading, including bottom land seat and
Vertically disposed four groove columns on bottom land seat, groove sidewall, two groove column tops difference of homonymy are provided between adjacent slot column
Provided with capital crossbeam, reaction frame is connected between two capital crossbeams.
The bottom land seat includes default anchor hole on basement top layer and basement top layer；Groove column include base for post and
The H-shaped steel column being vertical on base for post, base for post are fixed on basement top layer by the anchor bolt in anchor hole, H-shaped
The wing plate edge of steel column is laid with bolt hole, and plane and the length direction of capital crossbeam are put down where the wing plate of H-shaped steel column
OK；Capital crossbeam is H-shaped body beam, and H-shaped body beam both ends clamp with corresponding H-shaped steel column and are connected, and the edge of H-shaped body beam is equal
It is laid with bolt hole；Reaction frame includes reaction beam and the fixed mechanism at reaction beam both ends, and fixed mechanism includes consolidating for edge apertured
Fixed board and the bolt being located in hole, reaction beam are arranged on the crossbeam of capital by fixed plate and bolt；Groove sidewall includes multistage
Baffle plate, every grade of baffle plate include the panel in frame and frame, and the adjacent screen in same side is connected by frame.
The panel includes steel plate or armorplate glass；It is laid with bolt hole on frame, it is adjacent in same side
Baffle plate is threadedly coupled by frame.
The wing plate edge of the H-shaped steel column is bolted with side reaction frame, and side reaction frame is equal leg angle, side reaction frame
Both sides be equipped with bolt hole, side reaction frame another side is threadedly coupled with frame.
Longitudinally superposition is provided with hollow square steel for the top of the groove sidewall, and hollow square steel both ends connect with side reaction frame screw thread
Connect or connect with the groove inwall of H-shaped steel column.
The hollow square steel the top is less than capital crossbeam.
The base for post is groove profile, between the groove inwall and side reaction frame of base for post, anchor bolt and side reaction frame
Or bottom land cushion block is equipped between baffle plate, bottom land cushion block is the long steel bar of rectangle.
The basement top layer is made up of armored concrete, and its thickness is not less than 15cm, and strength grade of concrete is not less than
C40, anchor hole equidistantly distributed, the diameter of anchor hole are not less than 10cm；The height of H-shaped steel column is 3~5m, adjacent H-shaped steel column
Level interval be 2~3m, and height and level interval ratio be 1.5~2；The diameter of anchor bolt is not less than 10cm；Often
The height of level baffle plate is 50cm, length is 2~3m, and the height of groove sidewall is 2~4m；The thickness of steel plate is not less than 3mm, tempering glass
The thickness of glass plate is not less than 1cm, and the quantity of hollow square steel is 20~30, and the section length of side of hollow square steel is 5cm；Reaction beam
Cross-sectional width is not less than 1cm not less than 15cm, thickness.
The described large-scale methods of model pile test based on multidirectional loading system, comprises the following steps：（1）, laying groove
Base, fixed model stake, the fully mechanical pile foundation model test dress based on multidirectional loading is installed around Model Pile in bottom land seat upper measurement
Put, including the groove sidewall and installation capital horizontal stroke that installation panel is the groove sidewall of steel plate from bottom to top and panel is armorplate glass
Beam and reaction frame, and the fixation hollow square steel above the groove sidewall for needing to provide horizontal reacting force；（2）, installation horizontal reacting force device：
The fixed hydraulic jack on the inside of hollow square steel, hydraulic jack top ends installation load transducer, lotus is connected using spherical bearing
The pile crown of set sensor and Model Pile, to ensure that Model Pile is acted on by horizontal loading all the time；（3）, installation vertical counter-force dress
Put：First, position of the reaction frame on the crossbeam of capital is adjusted according to Model Pile present position, reaction frame is located at Model Pile to be measured
Surface, to ensure that the vertical loading of each position model stake can be smoothed out；Then, fixed load passes on reaction frame
Sensor, the pile crown of Model Pile set hydraulic jack, connect load transducer and hydraulic jack；（4）, arrangement it is multidirectional loading system
System：To match based on the fully mechanical pile foundation model test apparatus of multidirectional loading as principle, multidirectional loading system includes main frame, end
Preceding controller and wireless communicator, main frame can meet at most while control the requirement of three directions loadings, to realize that control is single
The purpose that three directions of Model Pile load simultaneously or three Model Piles unidirectionally load simultaneously；（5）, loading test：By wireless
Communicator controls multidirectional loading system, and multidirectional loading system sentences steady, automatic voltage regulation dimension lotus, loads automatically, be automatic automatically in experiment
Record, automatic data collection.
The Model Pile is single pile or a clump of piles, i.e., single Model Pile or more Model Piles；In step（2）In, it is hollow
The backing plate positioned at hydraulic jack top/bottom part is provided with the inside of square steel, makes hollow square steel uniform force, the height and hollow square steel of backing plate
Superposition is highly equal, length is not less than 1m；In step（3）In, the pile crown of Model Pile is provided with backing plate, backing plate and hydraulic jack
Top is connected, and the thick sands of 5mm is laid between backing plate and the pile crown of Model Pile, to ensure Model Pile uniform stressed；In step（4）
In, main frame is placed in laboratory.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1st, the invention discloses a kind of fully mechanical pile foundation model test apparatus based on multidirectional loading, the experimental rig are each
It is between part to be bolted more, connected for fully mechanical, be easy to dismount, multiple combinations can be carried out according to content of the test, and can
It is strong according to the width and height of test requirements document adjusting apparatus, regulating power；Groove sidewall is spliced for multistage, the panel of groove sidewall
During from armorplate glass, it is easy to observe soil strength variation, while can be needed to set up hollow square steel according to experiment, according to experiment needs
Larger horizontal load can be born in one side, two-sided, three faces or four sides arrangement hollow square steel, hollow square steel, ensure that structure is strong
Degree and stability, so as to realize multidirectional horizontal addload.
2nd, test method design of the invention is reasonable, and technique is simple, easy to operate, can carry out more single pile loading examinations simultaneously
Test or the multidirectional load test of single pile, during experiment, can be achieved automatic to sentence steady, automatic voltage regulation dimension lotus, automatic loading, automatic note
Record and automatic data collection, it can be ensured that test accuracy, test efficiency can be improved, and main frame is placed in laboratory, by wireless
Control operation, operating environment are good；Multidirectional loading system is radio transmitting device, can meet single pile it is multidirectional loading or more simultaneously
The requirement of loading, the scope of application are wide.
3rd, capital crossbeam is respectively equipped with two groove column tops of homonymy, reaction frame, post is connected between two capital crossbeams
Head piece is act as：4 H-shaped steel columns are fixed, form overall steel frame construction, make apparatus structure stability strong；Can be according to reality
Test requirements document adjusts oneself height, enables devices to adapt to the multi-load experiment of different length Model Pile, and trial stretch is wide；For
Reaction frame provides support, and vertical counter-force is provided to the single pile in bottom land seat or a clump of piles；, can be as needed as the support of reaction frame
The position of any adjustment reaction frame, realize that optional position pile crown can be located at the underface of reaction beam, be easy to provide it vertically
Load, the pile anchoring difficulty of Model Pile can be substantially reduced.
4th, reaction frame includes reaction beam and the fixed mechanism at reaction beam both ends, and fixed mechanism includes the fixed plate of edge apertured
With the bolt being located in hole, reaction beam is arranged on the crossbeam of capital by fixed plate and bolt, and fixed mechanism fixes reaction beam,
To provide the force of vertical load basis, vertical load includes vertical compression and resistance to plucking load；It is easy to adjust the position of reaction beam,
Realize that optional position model pile head can be located at the underface of reaction beam, the pile anchoring difficulty of Model Pile can be substantially reduced.
5th, it is bolted with side reaction frame at the wing plate edge of H-shaped steel column, side reaction frame is equal leg angle, side reaction frame
Both sides be equipped with bolt hole, side reaction frame another side is threadedly coupled with frame, and side reaction frame can be born after carrying out self-chambering soil
The outside horizontal direction pressure of groove sidewall, to prevent groove sidewall stress outward-dipping.
6th, longitudinally it is superimposed in the top of groove sidewall and is provided with hollow square steel, and hollow square steel the top is less than capital crossbeam；
Hollow square steel both ends are threadedly coupled with side reaction frame or connected with the groove inwall of H-shaped steel column, and hollow square steel is overlapped mutually shape
Into steel bar side wall there is advantages below：1st, hollow square steel has larger bending rigidity, can bear larger horizontal direction lotus
Carry, almost without deformation under horizontal force action, be greatly improved horizontal addload accuracy；2nd, hollow square steel can directly overlay groove
In side wall, counter-force can be provided for four direction, make it possible horizontal multidirectional loading；3rd, more single pile hydraulic tests can be provided
Multiple counter-force side walls, more single piles are made to complete single pile horizontal static-load experiment under operating mode of once banketing, easy to operate, experiment
Efficiency high；4th, apply horizontal direction load on the outside of hollow square steel, soil body lateral movement can be realized to single pile or clump of piles load
The test objective that can be influenceed.
7th, between the groove inwall and side reaction frame of base for post, between anchor bolt and side reaction frame or baffle plate
Provided with bottom land cushion block, bottom land cushion block is the long steel bar of rectangle, and the effect of bottom land cushion block is the undermost baffle plate of fixed groove sidewall, and is held
By from the horizontal direction pressure banketed, orlop baffle plate is set to keep vertical.
8th, in the present invention, the spacing of the bolt hole on H-shaped steel column, the spacing of the bolt hole on frame, on H-shaped body beam
Pitch of holes in the spacing and fixed plate of bolt hole is equal, is easy to assemble and adjusts the position of each part.
9th, H-shaped steel column of the invention can need lengthening and adjusting position according to experiment, can have space on top and level
To installing actuator, there is provided dynamic load, realize and carry out vertical and horizontal direction dynamic loading experiment purpose to Model Pile.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of another angle of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is Fig. 1 side view；
Fig. 4 is Fig. 3 side view；
Fig. 5 is Fig. 3 top view.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, the fully mechanical pile foundation model test apparatus based on multidirectional loading shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, its
Including vertically disposed four groove columns on bottom land seat and bottom land seat, be provided with groove sidewall 3 between adjacent slot column, groove column and
Groove sidewall 3 surrounds square cavity jointly.Capital crossbeam 4 is respectively equipped between the top of two groove columns of homonymy, two capitals are horizontal
Beam 4 is parallel to each other, and reaction frame 5 is also associated between two capital crossbeams 4.
Bottom land seat includes default anchor hole 12 on basement top layer 11 and basement top layer 11, and anchor hole 12 equidistantly divides
Cloth, the diameter of anchor hole 12 are not less than 10cm.Basement top layer 11 is poured by armored concrete to be formed, and its thickness is not less than
15cm, and strength grade of concrete is not less than C40.
Groove column includes base for post 24 and the H-shaped steel column 21 being vertical on base for post 24, and H-shaped steel column welds with base for post 24
Connect to form groove column, base for post 24 is fixed on basement top layer 11 by the anchor bolt 25 in anchor hole 12, makes groove column
Keep being rigidly connected with bottom land seat.Bolt hole 22, and the wing of H-shaped steel column 21 are laid with the wing plate edge of H-shaped steel column 21
Plane where plate is parallel with the length direction of capital crossbeam 4.
Capital crossbeam 4 is made up of H-shaped body beam 41, and bolt hole 42, H-shaped case are laid with the edge of H-shaped body beam 41
The both ends of body beam 41 clamp with corresponding H-shaped steel column 21 and are threadedly coupled.Capital crossbeam 4 is act as：1st, 4 H-shaped steel columns 21 are fixed,
Overall steel frame construction is formed, makes apparatus structure stability strong；2nd, capital crossbeam 4 can require adjustment from height according to actual tests
Degree, enables devices to adapt to the multi-load experiment of different length Model Pile, and trial stretch is wide；3rd, support is provided for reaction frame 5,
Vertical counter-force is provided to the single pile in bottom land seat or a clump of piles；4th, the support as reaction frame 5, counter-force can be arbitrarily adjusted as needed
The position of frame 5, realize that optional position pile crown can be located at the underface of reaction beam 51, be easy to provide it vertical load, can be big
The big pile anchoring difficulty for reducing Model Pile.
Reaction frame 5 includes reaction beam 51 and the fixed mechanism 52 at the both ends of reaction beam 51, and fixed mechanism 52 includes edge apertured
Fixed plate 53 and the bolt 54 that is located in hole, reaction beam 51 be arranged on by fixed plate 53 and bolt 54 on capital crossbeam 4.
Fixed mechanism 52 is act as：1st, fixed reaction beam 51, there is provided the force basis of vertical load, vertical load include vertical compression
With resistance to plucking load；2nd, it is easy to adjust the position of reaction beam 51, realizes that optional position model pile head can be located at reaction beam 51
Underface, the pile anchoring difficulty of Model Pile can be substantially reduced.
Groove sidewall 3 includes multistage baffle plate 31, and every grade of baffle plate 31 includes the panel in frame 32 and frame 32, on frame 32
It is laid with bolt hole 36, the adjacent screen 31 in same side is threadedly coupled by frame 32.Panel includes steel plate 33 or steel
Change glass plate 34.It is bolted with side reaction frame 23 at the wing plate edge of H-shaped steel column 21, side reaction frame 23 is equal leg angle, side
The both sides of face reaction frame 23 are equipped with bolt hole, and the another side of side reaction frame 23 is threadedly coupled with frame 32.Side reaction frame 23
The outside horizontal direction pressure of groove sidewall 3 after self-chambering soil can be born to come, to prevent the stress of groove sidewall 3 outward-dipping.
Longitudinally it is superimposed in the top of groove sidewall 3 and is provided with hollow square steel 35, and the top of hollow square steel 35 is horizontal less than capital
Beam 4；The both ends of hollow square steel 35 are threadedly coupled with side reaction frame 23 or connected with the groove inwall of H-shaped steel column 21.Hollow square steel
35, which are overlapped mutually the steel bar side wall to be formed, has advantages below：1st, hollow square steel 35 has larger bending rigidity, can bear compared with
Big horizontal direction load, almost without deformation under horizontal force action, it is greatly improved horizontal addload accuracy；2nd, hollow square steel
35 can directly overlay in groove sidewall 3, can provide counter-force for four direction, make it possible horizontal multidirectional loading；3rd, can be to more
The hydraulic test of root single pile provides multiple counter-force side walls, more single piles is completed single pile horizontal load under operating mode of once banketing
Experiment, easy to operate, test efficiency is high；4th, apply horizontal direction load in the outside of hollow square steel 35, can realize that the soil body laterally moves
The dynamic test objective influenceed on single pile or clump of piles load-carrying properties.
In the present invention, base for post 24 is groove profile, and H-shaped steel column 21 is located in the groove of base for post 24, in the groove of base for post 24
Bottom land cushion block 13 is equipped between wall and side reaction frame 23, between anchor bolt 25 and side reaction frame 23 or baffle plate 31,
Bottom land cushion block 13 is the long steel bar of rectangle, and the effect of bottom land cushion block 13 is the undermost baffle plate 31 of fixed groove sidewall 33, and bears to come
From the horizontal direction pressure banketed, orlop baffle plate 31 is set to keep vertical.Reaction beam 51 is the girder steel of square hollow arbor braid dividing plate, its
Interior dividing plate can improve the bending resistance of reaction beam 51, can be to provide larger vertical counter-force to provide safeguard.
In the present invention, the spacing of the bolt hole 22 on H-shaped steel column 21, the spacing of bolt hole 36 on frame 32, H-shaped case
Pitch of holes in the spacing and fixed plate 53 of bolt hole 42 on body beam 41 is equal, is easy to assemble and adjusts the position of each part
Put.
In the present embodiment, the height of H-shaped steel column 21 is 3~5m, and the level interval of adjacent H-shaped steel column 21 is 2
~3m, and the ratio of height and level interval is 1.5~2；The diameter of anchor bolt 25 is not less than 10cm；The height of every grade of baffle plate 31
It is 2~3m to spend for 50cm, length, and the height of groove sidewall 3 is 2~4m, i.e., baffle plate 31 is 4~8 grades；The thickness of steel plate 33 is not less than
3mm, the thickness of armorplate glass 34 are not less than 1cm, and the quantity of hollow square steel 35 is 20~30, the section side of hollow square steel 35
A length of 5cm；The cross-sectional width of reaction beam 51 is not less than 1cm not less than 15cm, thickness.
Test method of the present invention comprises the following steps：
（1）, laying groove base, fixed model stake, bottom land seat upper measurement around Model Pile install the full machine based on multidirectional loading
Tool formula pile foundation model test apparatus, including installation panel is the groove sidewall 3 of steel plate 33 from bottom to top and panel is armorplate glass
34 groove sidewall 3 and mounting post head piece 4 and reaction frame 5, and it is fixed empty above the groove sidewall 3 for needing to provide horizontal reacting force
Heart square steel 35；
（2）, installation horizontal reacting force device：In the inner side fixed hydraulic jack of hollow square steel 35, hydraulic jack top ends peace
Load transducer is filled, load transducer and the pile crown of Model Pile are connected using spherical bearing, to ensure Model Pile all the time by water
The effect of flat load；
（3）, the vertical counterforce device of installation：First, reaction frame 5 is adjusted on capital crossbeam 4 according to Model Pile present position
Position, reaction frame 5 is located at the surface of Model Pile to be measured, to ensure that the vertical loading of each position model stake can be smooth
Carry out；Then, the fixed load sensor on reaction frame 5, the pile crown of Model Pile set hydraulic jack, connect load transducer
With hydraulic jack；
（4）, the multidirectional loading system of arrangement：To match based on the fully mechanical pile foundation model test apparatus of multidirectional loading as original
Then, multidirectional loading system includes controller and wireless communicator before main frame, end, and main frame is placed in laboratory, and main frame can meet
The requirement of three directions loadings is at most controlled simultaneously, and single three directions of Model Pile loading or three moulds simultaneously are controlled to realize
The purpose that type stake unidirectionally loads simultaneously；
（5）, loading test：Multidirectional loading system is controlled by wireless communicator, multidirectional loading system is sentenced automatically in experiment
Surely, automatic voltage regulation dimension lotus, automatic loading, automatic record, automatic data collection.
In above-mentioned steps, Model Pile can be single pile or a clump of piles, i.e., single Model Pile or more Model Piles.
In step（2）In, the inner side of hollow square steel 35 is provided with the backing plate positioned at hydraulic jack top/bottom part, make hollow square steel 35 by
Power is uniform, and the height of backing plate is highly equal with the superposition of hollow square steel 35, length is not less than 1m.
In step（3）In, the pile crown of Model Pile is provided with backing plate, and backing plate is connected with hydraulic jack, backing plate and Model Pile
Pile crown between lay the thick sands of 5mm, to ensure Model Pile uniform stressed.
In the present invention, the height of H-shaped steel column 21 and level interval can be adjusted according to actual tests requirement, and should expire
The sufficient likelihood ratio is not less than 1：8 clump of piles model test requirement.
Claims (7)
1. the fully mechanical pile foundation model test apparatus based on multidirectional loading, it is characterised in that including on bottom land seat and bottom land seat
Vertically disposed four groove columns, groove sidewall are provided between adjacent slot column, two groove column tops of homonymy are respectively equipped with capital
Crossbeam, reaction frame is connected between two capital crossbeams；
The bottom land seat includes default anchor hole on basement top layer and basement top layer；Groove column is including base for post and vertically
H-shaped steel column on base for post, base for post are fixed on basement top layer by the anchor bolt in anchor hole, H-shaped steel column
Wing plate edge be laid with bolt hole, and plane where the wing plate of H-shaped steel column is parallel with the length direction of capital crossbeam；Post
Head piece is H-shaped body beam, and H-shaped body beam both ends are clamped with corresponding H-shaped steel column and are connected, and the edge of H-shaped body beam is laid
There is bolt hole；Reaction frame includes reaction beam and the fixed mechanism at reaction beam both ends, and fixed mechanism includes the fixed plate of edge apertured
With the bolt being located in hole, reaction beam is arranged on the crossbeam of capital by fixed plate and bolt；Groove sidewall includes multistage baffle plate,
Every grade of baffle plate includes the panel in frame and frame, and the adjacent screen in same side is connected by frame；
The wing plate edge of the H-shaped steel column is bolted with side reaction frame, and side reaction frame is equal leg angle, and the two of side reaction frame
While being equipped with bolt hole, side reaction frame another side is threadedly coupled with frame；
Longitudinally superposition is provided with hollow square steel for the top of the groove sidewall, hollow square steel both ends be threadedly coupled with side reaction frame or
Person connects with the groove inwall of H-shaped steel column.
2. the fully mechanical pile foundation model test apparatus based on multidirectional loading as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described
Panel includes steel plate or armorplate glass；It is laid with bolt hole on frame, the adjacent screen in same side passes through frame
Threaded connection.
3. the fully mechanical pile foundation model test apparatus based on multidirectional loading as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that described
Hollow square steel the top is less than capital crossbeam.
4. the fully mechanical pile foundation model test apparatus based on multidirectional loading as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that described
Base for post is groove profile, and bottom land cushion block is equipped between the groove inwall and side reaction frame of base for post, between anchor bolt and baffle plate,
Bottom land cushion block is the long steel bar of rectangle.
5. the fully mechanical pile foundation model test apparatus based on multidirectional loading as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that described
Basement top layer is made up of armored concrete, and its thickness is not less than 15cm, and strength grade of concrete is not less than C40, anchor hole etc.
Spacing is distributed, and the diameter of anchor hole is not less than 10cm；The height of H-shaped steel column is 3~5m, and the level interval of adjacent H-shaped steel column is 2
~3m, and the ratio of height and level interval is 1.5~2；The diameter of anchor bolt is not less than 10cm；The height of every grade of baffle plate is
50cm, length are 2~3m, and the height of groove sidewall is 2~4m；The thickness of steel plate is not less than 3mm, and the thickness of armorplate glass is not small
In 1cm, the quantity of hollow square steel is 20~30, and the section length of side of hollow square steel is 5cm；The cross-sectional width of reaction beam is not less than
15cm, thickness are not less than 1cm.
6. the experiment side of the fully mechanical pile foundation model test apparatus based on multidirectional loading described in claim 1-5 any one
Method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：（1）, laying groove base, fixed model stake, bottom land seat upper measurement around Model Pile install
Fully mechanical pile foundation model test apparatus based on multidirectional loading, including groove sidewall and face of the installation panel for steel plate from bottom to top
Plate is the groove sidewall and mounting post head piece and reaction frame of armorplate glass, and in the groove sidewall for needing to provide horizontal reacting force
Square fixation hollow square steel；（2）, installation horizontal reacting force device：The fixed hydraulic jack on the inside of hollow square steel, hydraulic jack top
Load transducer is installed in portion, and the pile crown of load transducer and Model Pile is connected using spherical bearing, with ensure Model Pile all the time by
To the effect of horizontal loading；（3）, the vertical counterforce device of installation：First, reaction frame is adjusted in capital according to Model Pile present position
Position on crossbeam, reaction frame is set to be located at the surface of Model Pile to be measured, to ensure the vertical loading energy of each position model stake
Enough it is smoothed out；Then, the fixed load sensor on reaction frame, the pile crown of Model Pile set hydraulic jack, connect load
Sensor and hydraulic jack；（4）, the multidirectional loading system of arrangement：To match the fully mechanical pile foundation model based on multidirectional loading
Experimental rig is principle, and multidirectional loading system includes controller and wireless communicator before main frame, end, and main frame can meet at most simultaneously
The requirement of three directions loadings is controlled, single three directions of Model Pile are controlled with realization while loading or three Model Piles are simultaneously
The purpose unidirectionally loaded；（5）, loading test：Multidirectional loading system is controlled by wireless communicator, multidirectional loading system in experiment
It is automatic to sentence steady, automatic voltage regulation dimension lotus, automatic loading, automatic record, automatic data collection.
7. the test method of the fully mechanical pile foundation model test apparatus based on multidirectional loading as claimed in claim 6, it is special
Sign is, the Model Pile is single pile or a clump of piles, i.e., single Model Pile or more Model Piles；In step（2）In, hollow side
The backing plate positioned at hydraulic jack top/bottom part is provided with the inside of steel, makes hollow square steel uniform force, the height of backing plate and hollow square steel
Superposition is highly equal, length is not less than 1m；In step（3）In, the pile crown of Model Pile is provided with backing plate, backing plate and hydraulic jack
It is connected, the thick sands of 5mm is laid between backing plate and the pile crown of Model Pile, to ensure Model Pile uniform stressed；In step（4）In,
Main frame is placed in laboratory.
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