CN105247021B - 添加剂组合物和工业处理流体 - Google Patents
添加剂组合物和工业处理流体 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105247021B CN105247021B CN201480002563.2A CN201480002563A CN105247021B CN 105247021 B CN105247021 B CN 105247021B CN 201480002563 A CN201480002563 A CN 201480002563A CN 105247021 B CN105247021 B CN 105247021B
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种处理流体,所述处理流体不含硼和仲胺,并且包括石油基或非石油基油类;水;以及添加剂组合物,所述添加剂组合物包含长链伯胺;环烷基叔胺;以及氨基酸。
Description
技术领域
本发明技术大体上涉及添加剂组合物和工业处理流体。具体来说,本发明技术涉及环保的金属加工、金属成形、锻造以及开采流体。
背景技术
金属加工流体和金属成形流体在整个机械制造或机械加工行业中由于它们的冷却、润滑以及耐腐蚀的特性而在诸如金属切割、研磨、镗孔、钻孔、车削、成形、挤拉、压印、冲压以及拉丝等操作期间被广泛地使用。这些流体通常由油类、洗涤剂、表面活性剂、生物杀灭剂、润滑剂、防腐蚀剂以及其它潜在有害的成分的复杂混合物制成。举例来说,可商购的流体可以合并有诸如硼酸、碱金属硼酸盐以及硼酸酯之类的添加剂与用于在金属加工流体和金属成形流体中维持碱性pH值以及用于中和酸性功能组分的链烷醇胺的组合。
虽然所述流体对于金属成形和机械加工来说是必要的,但当前正在以增多的详尽研究对它们进行探究,这是因为存在与工人暴露有关的危险,包括但不限于皮疹、可能升高的患癌率、呼吸道问题以及其它问题。所述流体可能造成与对它们的处理有关的相当大的环境问题。目前普遍认同的是,需要更安全并且更环保的功能性流体。
发明内容
在一个方面,提供了一种添加剂组合物。所述添加剂组合物包括长链伯胺;环烷基叔胺以及氨基酸;其中所述处理流体是不含硼的并且不含仲胺。所述添加剂组合物适宜用于基于水的工业处理流体中,从而产生增强的润滑特征、防腐蚀以及缓冲能力。此外,与常规的流体相比,含有所述添加剂组合物的处理流体由于不含硼并且不含仲胺而对于环境不太有害并且对于工人表现出更少的负面健康隐患。在所述添加剂组合物的任何实施方案中,所述长链伯胺可以是C8-C24伯胺。举例来说,所述长链伯胺可以包括辛胺、壬胺、癸胺、十一胺、十二胺、十三胺、十四胺、十五胺、十六胺、十七胺、或十八胺。在所述添加剂组合物的任何实施方案中,所述环烷基叔胺可以是乙氧基化环烷基叔胺,包括二(乙醇)环戊胺、二(乙醇)环己胺、二(乙醇)环庚胺、二环戊基(乙醇)胺、或二环己基(乙醇)胺。在所述添加剂组合物的任何实施方案中,所述氨基酸可以具有式NH2CHR2CO2H,其中R2是H、烷基或芳基。举例来说,所述氨基酸可以包括丙氨酸、精氨酸、天冬酰胺、天冬氨酸、半胱氨酸、谷氨酰胺、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、组氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、甲硫氨酸、苯丙氨酸、脯氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、酪氨酸、或缬氨酸。
在另一个方面,提供了一种处理流体。所述处理流体包括石油基或非石油基油类;水;长链伯胺;环烷基叔胺;以及氨基酸;其中所述处理流体不含硼并且不含仲胺。在所述处理流体的任何实施方案中,所述长链伯胺可以是C8-C24伯胺。举例来说,所述长链伯胺可以包括辛胺、壬胺、癸胺、十一胺、十二胺、十三胺、十四胺、十五胺、十六胺、十七胺、或十八胺。在所述处理流体的任何实施方案中,所述环烷基叔胺可以是乙氧基化环烷基叔胺,包括二(乙醇)环戊胺、二(乙醇)环己胺、二(乙醇)环庚胺、二环戊基(乙醇)胺、或二环己基(乙醇)胺。在所述处理流体的任何实施方案中,所述氨基酸可以具有式NH2CHR2CO2H,其中R2是H、烷基或芳基。举例来说,所述氨基酸可以包括丙氨酸、精氨酸、天冬酰胺、天冬氨酸、半胱氨酸、谷氨酰胺、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、组氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、甲硫氨酸、苯丙氨酸、脯氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、酪氨酸、或缬氨酸。
在所述处理流体的一些实施方案中,它包括所述石油基油类。在所述处理流体的其它实施方案中,它包括所述非石油基油类。在所述处理流体的另外的实施方案中,它包括石油和非石油基油类的混合物。
在所述处理流体的任何实施方案中,可以包括以下添加剂中的一种或多种:链烷醇胺、聚合脂肪酸、磷酸酯、乙氧基化脂肪胺、烃基丁二酰亚胺、含硫的化合物、脂族羧酸、脂族二羧酸、消泡剂、腐蚀抑制剂、或嗅剂(olfactory agent)。
在所述处理流体的任何实施方案中,所述流体可以具有碱性的pH值。举例来说,所述处理流体的pH值可以是9或更大。
所述处理流体可以用于多种多样的应用中,包括但不限于金属加工流体、金属成形流体、锻造流体、以及开采流体。因此,在一些实施方案中,金属加工流体包括上述处理流体中的任一种。在其它实施方案中,金属成形流体包括上述处理流体中的任一种。在其它实施方案中,锻造流体包括上述处理流体中的任一种。在其它实施方案中,开采流体包括上述处理流体中的任一种。
具体实施方式
各种实施方案描述于下文中。应当指出的是,具体的实施方案并不旨在为对本文所论述的更广泛的方面的详尽说明或限制。结合具体的实施方案所描述的一个方面未必限于该实施方案并且可以利用任何其它一个或多个实施方案来实施。
如本文所用的“约”将为本领域普通技术人员所了解并且将在某种程度上有所不同,这取决于使用它的背景。如果该术语的使用对于本领域普通技术人员来说尚不清楚,那么鉴于使用它的背景,“约”将意指最多加上或减去该具体术语的10%。
除非在本文中另外指明或与上下文明显矛盾,否则在描述要素的上下文中(特别是在以下权利要求书的上下文中)术语“一个(种)(a/an)”和“所述”以及类似的指代对象的使用应当被理解为包括单数和复数这两种形式。除非在本文中另外指明,否则在本文中对值的范围的表述仅意图用作单独地指示落入该范围内的每个单独值的简写方法,并且每个单独值被并入到本说明书中,如同它在本文中被单独叙述一般。除非在本文中另外指明或另外与上下文明显矛盾,否则本文所述的所有方法均可以按照任何合适的顺序进行。除非另有说明,否则本文提供的任何和所有实例或示例性语言(例如“如”)的使用仅意图更好地阐明实施方案而不对权利要求书的范围构成限制。本说明书中的任何语言均不应当被理解成将任何未要求保护的要素指示为必要的。
一般来说,“取代”指的是分子的一个或多个氢原子被非氢原子或一组原子置换。由至少两个或更多个原子组成的取代基可以含有多重键,包括双键或三键,以及一个或多个杂原子,即除氢和碳原子以外的原子,例如像氮、氧等。取代基的实例包括:羟基;烷氧基、烯氧基、炔氧基、芳氧基、芳烷氧基、杂环氧基、以及杂环烷氧基;羰基(氧代);羧基;酯;聚氨酯;肟;羟胺;烷氧基胺;芳烷氧基胺;硫醇;硫化物;亚砜;砜;磺酰基;磺酰胺;胺;N-氧化物;肼;酰肼;腙;叠氮化物;酰胺;脲;脒;胍;烯胺;酰亚胺;异氰酸酯;异硫氰酸酯;氰酸酯;硫氰酸酯;亚胺;硝基;等。
如本文所用的“烷基”包括具有1至约20个碳原子,并且通常1至12个碳,或在一些实施方案中,1至8个碳原子的直链和支链烷基。如本文所用的“烷基”包括如下文所定义的环烷基。烷基可以是取代的或未取代的。直链烷基的实例包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、正丁基、正戊基、正己基、正庚基以及正辛基。支链烷基的实例包括但不限于异丙基、仲丁基、叔丁基、新戊基、以及异戊基。代表性的取代的烷基可以被例如氨基、硫代、羟基、或烷氧基取代一次或多次。
环烷基是环状烷基,诸如但不限于环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基、以及环辛基。环烷基可以是取代的或未取代的。环烷基还包括多环环烷基,诸如但不限于降冰片基、金刚烷基、冰片基、莰烯基、异莰烯基、以及蒈烯基;以及稠环,诸如但不限于十氢萘基等。环烷基还包括被如上文所定义的直链或支链烷基取代的环。代表性的取代的环烷基可以被单取代或被不止一次取代,诸如但不限于:2,2-二取代的环己基;2,3-二取代的环己基;2,4-二取代的环己基;2,5-二取代的环己基;或2,6-二取代的环己基、或单取代、二取代或三取代的降冰片基或环庚基,它们可以被例如烷基、烷氧基、氨基、硫代、羟基、氰基和/或卤基取代。
如本文所用的“不含硼”或“无硼”表示仅存在痕量水平的硼。这可以包括组合物含有少于0.5重量%的硼的情况。在一些实施方案中,这可以包括组合物含有少于0.1重量%的硼、或少于0.05重量%的硼的情况。如本文所用的“不含仲胺”或“无仲胺”表示仅存在痕量水平量的仲胺。这可以包括组合物含有少于0.5重量%的仲胺的情况。在一些实施方案中,这可以包括组合物含有少于0.1重量%的仲胺、或少于0.05重量%的仲胺的情况。
本文提供的是可与水混溶的工业处理流体。如本文所用的术语可与水混溶指的是可以与水混合的流体。所述处理流体意在以环境相容的方式替代现行的被用于多种应用中的现有技术流体,包括作为金属加工流体和金属成形流体。所提供的处理流体不含硼和仲胺并且不具有或具有低量的挥发性有机组分(VOC)。所述处理流体对于金属工人和可能与所述流体接触的其他人来说一般应当是无毒的。
所述处理流体是基础流体,所述基础流体可以被并入到工业润滑剂和工业过程中所用的广泛的产品中,包括但不限于金属加工、切割、研磨、以及金属成形工业。或者,所述处理流体可以被用作工艺清洁剂、水基液压流体、以及开采流体。所述可与水混溶的处理流体可以被用于水基润滑剂中,诸如但不限于含有大于50重量%的矿物油并且在用水稀释时形成具有大于1μm的粒度的乳液的可溶性油;具有0.5至1μm的典型乳液粒度并且含有少于50重量%的矿物油的半合成润滑剂;含有少于5重量%的矿物油并且在水中以微小液滴形式存在的微乳液(即具有小于0.5μm的粒度的乳液);不含矿物油,但可以含有多达30重量%或更多的在水中以微小液滴形式负载不溶于水的物质的植物油、动物油、动物脂肪、天然酯、合成酯、聚二醇和/或合成聚烯烃的新合成润滑剂;以及所有添加剂均可溶于水中的真溶液合成油。
可与水混溶的处理流体适于用作诸如但不限于钢、铝、钛以及它们的合金之类的金属的机械加工和成形中的润滑剂。所述处理流体不使这些金属腐蚀、锈蚀或变色,或仅在最低限度上使这些金属腐蚀、锈蚀或变色。所述处理流体提供防腐蚀特性,并且缓冲其它水性工业流体。此外,当在所加工或成形的金属的表面上留有残留量时,所述残余物不会妨碍或负面地影响诸如热处理、焊接、涂覆和/或涂漆等另外的工艺。
在一个方面,提供了一种处理流体,所述处理流体不含硼和仲胺。所述处理流体包括石油基或非石油基油类;水;长链伯胺;环烷基叔胺,特别是乙氧基化的环烷基叔胺;以及氨基酸。所述处理流体可以是可与水混溶的。
在一些实施方案中,所述处理流体包括石油基油类。说明性的石油基油类包括但不限于精炼的环烷油和石蜡油。在所述处理流体中也可以使用任何两种或更多种这类油的混合物。
在一些实施方案中,所述处理流体包括非石油基油类。说明性的非石油基油类包括但不限于植物油、合成酯、聚α-烯烃、聚亚烷基二醇、以及脂肪油,如植物或动物源性甘油三酯。在所述处理流体中也可以使用任何两种或更多种这类油的混合物或与任何石油基油类的混合物。
根据一些实施方案,所述长链伯胺可以是C8-C24伯胺。说明性的长链伯胺包括但不限于辛胺、壬胺、癸胺、十一胺、十二胺、十三胺、十四胺、十五胺、十六胺、十七胺、或十八胺。所述处理流体可以包括任何两种或更多种这类长链伯胺的混合物。
说明性的乙氧基化环烷基叔胺包括但不限于二(乙醇)环戊胺、二(乙醇)环己胺、二(乙醇)环庚胺、二环戊基(乙醇)胺、或二环己基(乙醇)胺。在一些实施方案中,所述乙氧基化的环烷基叔胺是二(乙醇)环己胺。
所述长链伯胺可以约1重量%至约5重量%的量存在于所述处理流体中。在一些实施方案中,在所述处理流体中存在约2重量%至约4重量%的长链伯胺。乙氧基化的环烷基叔胺可以约1重量%至约5重量%的量存在于所述处理流体中。在一些实施方案中,在所述处理流体中存在约2重量%至约4重量%的乙氧基化的环烷基叔胺。
如所指出,所述处理流体包括氨基酸。据信所述氨基酸为所述流体提供良好的乳化特性并且有助于乳液的分散性和稳定性。举例来说,所述氨基酸可以是蛋白质(α)氨基酸。说明性的氨基酸可以具有式NH2CHR2CO2H、NH2CH2CHR2CO2H或NH2CHR2CH2CO2H中的任一种,其中R2是H或烷基。在一些实施方案中,R2是H或C1-C4烷基。说明性的氨基酸可以包括但不限于丙氨酸、精氨酸、天冬酰胺、天冬氨酸、半胱氨酸、谷氨酰胺、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、组氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、甲硫氨酸、苯丙氨酸、脯氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、酪氨酸、或缬氨酸。在所述处理流体中可以使用任何两种或更多种这类氨基酸。在任何上述实施方案中,所述氨基酸可以是甘氨酸、赖氨酸、天冬氨酸、或任何两种或更多种这类氨基酸的混合物。氨基酸可以约1重量%至约5重量%的量存在于所述处理流体中。在一些实施方案中,在所述处理流体中存在约2重量%至约4重量%的氨基酸。
在一些实施方案中,所述处理流体包括链烷醇胺。说明性的链烷醇胺包括但不限于甲醇胺、乙醇胺、丙醇胺、三甲醇胺、三乙醇胺、三丙醇胺、甲基二甲醇胺、乙基二甲醇胺、丙基二甲醇胺、环己基二甲醇胺、甲基二乙醇胺、乙基二乙醇胺、或丙基二乙醇胺。在所述处理流体中可以使用任何两种或更多种这类链烷醇胺的混合物。
链烷醇胺可以约1重量%至约15重量%的量存在于所述处理流体中。在一些实施方案中,在所述处理流体中存在约5重量%至约10重量%的链烷醇胺。
如所指出,所述处理流体包括聚合脂肪酸。所述聚合脂肪酸可以是诸如但不限于以下各项的物质:衍生自蓖麻油的聚合蓖麻酸或衍生自大豆油或亚麻籽油的聚合脂肪酸。
上述处理流体中的任一种还可以包括磷酸酯。磷酸酯可以被用作压剂、抗磨剂和/或腐蚀抑制剂。在所述流体包括磷酸酯的情况下,它是式[R4(CH2CH2O)n]aP(O)[OX]b的化合物。在该式中,R4是C6-C30烷基、苯基、(C1-C10烷基)苯基、或(C1-C10二烷基)苯基;X是H、铵、四烷基铵、胺、或金属,该金属是Li、Na、K、Rb、Cu、Ag、Au、Be、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba、Zn、Cd、以及Hg。此外,在该式中,n是0至50;a是1、2、或3;并且b是0、1、或2,以使得a和b的总和是3。在一些实施方案中,所述磷酸酯是聚乙二醇单油基醚磷酸酯、聚乙二醇单C12-C15醇醚磷酸酯、或聚乙二醇单C10-C14醇醚磷酸酯。
在一些实施方案中,所述流体包括乙氧基化的脂肪胺,所述乙氧基化的脂肪胺是环氧乙烷与脂肪胺的反应产物,所述乙氧基化的脂肪胺具有式R3N[(CH2CH2O)mH][(CH2CH2O)nH]。乙氧基化的脂肪胺表现出表面活性剂样特征并且通常被用作乳化剂和/或湿润剂。在该式中,R3是椰油烷基(C12、C14饱和)、牛脂(C16、C18饱和以及C18不饱和)、硬脂基(C18饱和)以及油基(C18单不饱和);并且m和n是约2至约20。在一些实施方案中,乙氧基化的脂肪胺是聚氧乙烯椰油胺、双-(2-羟乙基)异十三烷氧基丙胺或N-牛脂-聚(3)氧乙烯-1,3-二氨基丙烷。
上述处理流体中的任一种还可以包括烃基丁二酰亚胺。这类添加剂可以在处理流体中被用作分散剂和/或洗涤剂。烃基丁二酰亚胺可以包括具有约500至约3000道尔顿的分子量的聚异丁烯与顺丁烯二酸酐的反应产物。
上述处理流体中的任一种还可以包括含硫化合物。含硫化合物联同上述磷酸酯可以用作高压剂、抗磨剂、以及腐蚀抑制剂。说明性的含硫化合物可以包括但不限于元素硫、硫化矿物油、或下式的化合物:
在这些式中,R1是H、SO4、NH2、CH3、COOH、OCH3、或OCH2CH3。在含有含硫化合物和磷酸酯这两者的处理流体中,磷酸酯与含硫化合物中的硫的重量比可以是约25:1至约1:1。
上述处理流体中的任一种还可以包括脂族羧酸或脂族二羧酸。这些类型的添加剂在被适当的链烷醇胺中和时通常被用作腐蚀抑制剂、润滑剂和/或乳化剂。根据各种实施方案,脂族一羧酸或二羧酸可以是C6-C25一羧酸或二羧酸。用于处理流体中的说明性的一羧酸和二羧酸包括但不限于己酸、庚酸、辛酸、羊脂酸、异壬酸、新癸酸、杜鹃花酸、癸酸、十一烷酸、皮脂酸、壬酸、十二烷酸、十四烷酸、十六烷酸、十八烷酸、二十烷酸、十二碳烯酸、十四碳烯酸、十六碳烯酸、十八碳烯酸、二十碳烯酸、二十二碳烯酸、十八碳三烯酸、辛二酸、壬二酸、蓖麻酸、癸二酸、十一烷二酸、十二烷二酸、十三烷二酸、十四烷二酸、十五烷二酸、十六烷二酸、十七烷二酸、十八烷二酸、十九烷二酸、二十烷二酸、二十二烷二酸、山嵛酸、松香酸、或芥酸。
上述处理流体中的任一种还可以包括多种另外的添加剂,包括但不限于消泡剂、腐蚀抑制剂、或嗅剂。
如所将指出,所述处理流体是水基流体。所述流体的水含量可以处于广泛的范围内。在任何上述实施方案中,可以存在约1重量%至约50重量%的水。在其它实施方案中,存在约1重量%至约25重量%的水。在其它实施方案中,存在约25重量%至约50重量%的水。在其它实施方案中,存在约20重量%至约50重量%的水。在其它实施方案中,存在约25重量%至约35重量%的水。所述处理流体还具有碱性pH值。这可以包括大于7的pH值。在任何上述实施方案中,所述处理流体的pH值是至少9。举例来说,所述处理流体的pH值可以是9至12。
在一个说明性的实施方案中,所述处理流体可以包括以下物质中的任何一种或多种以及在被包括时(所述物质并非必需的),所述物质可以存在的量:
以工业流体计约1重量%至约10重量%,在一些实施方案中,约3重量%至约5重量%的量的烃基丁二酰亚胺;
以工业流体计约1重量%至约15重量%,在一些实施方案中,约5重量%至约10重量%的量的链烷醇胺;
以工业流体计约1重量%至约10重量%,在一些实施方案中,约2重量%至约7重量%的量的混合C7-C25脂肪酸;
以工业流体计约1重量%至约5重量%,在一些实施方案中,约1重量%至约3重量%的量的衍生自C15-C22脂肪酸的聚合脂肪酸;
以工业流体计约0.5重量%至约5重量%,在一些实施方案中,约1重量%至约3重量%的量的一元和/或二元C7-C25酸;
以工业流体计约1重量%至约10重量%,在一些实施方案中,约2重量%至约4重量%的量的磷酸酯;
以工业流体计约0.5重量%至约3重量%,在一些实施方案中,约0.7重量%至约1.5重量%的量的乙氧基化脂肪胺;
以工业流体计约0.5重量%至约3重量%,在一些实施方案中,约0.7重量%至约1.5重量%的量的甘油;
以工业流体计约0.5重量%至约3重量%,在一些实施方案中,约0.7重量%至约1.5重量%的量的消泡剂;
以工业流体计约0.1重量%至约1重量%,在一些实施方案中,约0.15重量%至约0.5重量%的量的腐蚀抑制剂;
在一些实施方案中,约10重量%至约15重量%的作为水溶性润滑剂的链烷醇胺脂肪酸皂,其中脂肪酸部分衍生自C6-C22脂肪酸;
含硫化合物,所述磷酸酯与所述含硫化合物的重量比在以所述含硫化合物中硫的重量计约25:1至约1:1的范围内;以及
足以补足组合物的余量的量,即以工业流体计约20重量%至约60重量%,在一些实施方案中,约30重量%至约40重量%的量的基油。
在一个说明性的实施方案中,所述处理流体可以包括:
通过参考以下实施例将更容易理解由此大体描述的本发明,这些实施例是以说明的方式提供的而不意图限制本发明。
实施例
实施例1:pH值稳定性测试。基于表1中所呈现的配方,通过将这些物质组合来制备成形流体。
在表1中,以下定义适用:
DCHA是二环己胺的缩写。
MDCHA是甲基二环己胺的缩写。
胺混合物1是二环己胺与二丁氨基乙醇的混合物。
胺混合物2是甲基二环己胺、二丁氨基乙醇以及甲基二乙醇胺的混合物。
胺混合物3是3-氨基-4-辛醇与2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇的混合物。
脂族伯胺选自以下各项中的一种或多种:壬胺、癸胺、十一胺、十二胺、十三胺、十四胺、十五胺、十六胺、十七胺、或十八胺。
α氨基酸选自以下各项中的一种或多种:丙氨酸、天冬氨酸、半胱氨酸、谷氨酰胺、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、甲硫氨酸、苯胺、脯氨酸、色氨酸、酪氨酸、或缬氨酸。
链烷醇胺混合物是单乙醇胺、单异丙胺以及三乙醇胺的混合物。
脂肪酸混合物1是妥尔油脂肪酸、新癸酸以及二元酸的混合物。
脂肪酸混合物2是聚合蓖麻酸、高芥酸以及蓖麻酸的混合物。
对于表1中所呈现的结果,可以得出许多结论。首先,当使用含有长链脂族胺和蛋白质氨基酸的协同组合的实施例7的工作流体样品时,在工作浓度下乳液的pH值稳定性是优异的。相比之下,如在相同的条件下所测试的其它乳液样品的pH值稳定性显得逊色。
其次,在含有长链脂族胺、蛋白质氨基酸以及环胺的协同组合的实施例23的工作流体样品时,在工作浓度下攻丝扭矩低,从而在铝合金上提供优异的润滑特征。相比之下,如在相同的测试条件下通过攻丝扭矩测试所测量的其它乳液样品的润滑特征显得逊色。
第三,当对实施例23的工作流体样品进行测试时,在工作浓度下攻丝扭矩低,从而在钛合金上提供优异的润滑特征。相比之下,如在相同的测试条件下通过攻丝扭矩测试所测量的其它乳液样品的润滑特征显得逊色。
第四,实施例23的工作流体样品在工作浓度下展现出优异的残余物形成和后续的洗掉特征。相比之下,如在相同的条件下所测试的其它乳液样品的残余物和洗掉特征显得逊色。
在比较时,将实施例23的制剂与来自福斯公司(Fuchs)的另一种润滑流体(761B)进行比较。结果呈现于表2中。
表2:对来自实施例23的制剂的比较测试。
基于表2中所呈现的数据,实施例23中提供的制剂在某些方面与现有技术冷却剂相当,而在其它方面显著优于现有技术冷却剂。举例来说,在润滑性、钛机械加工、残余物、以及空客性能方面,实施例23的制剂优于现有技术。
在表2中,以下是所提供的测试的参数:
1pH值稳定性:在琼脂片存在下以10%的浓度按一式两份制备每一种流体的乳液。添加微生物悬浮液的单次接种物并且在25℃下孵育14天的时间段。通过测量在测试开始时与结束时之间pH值的差异来对乳液的稳定性进行评价。
2TEWL:经表皮失水率(TEWL)是一种与皮肤病学和相关科学有关的术语。它被定义为从体内通过表皮层(皮肤)经由扩散和蒸发过程到达周围大气的水量的测量值。对TEWL的测量可用于鉴定由某些化学品所引起的皮肤损伤,这是因为TEWL率随损伤水平成比例增加。
3FLC微孔攻丝扭矩测试:更低的值表示更好的润滑性。机械加工性能。
铝:对被稀释到10%体积%的浓度的每一种产品进行微孔攻丝测试。所有铝测试均是在6061铝条上的预钻孔上进行的。
钛:对被稀释到20%体积%的浓度的每一种产品进行微孔攻丝测试。所有钛测试均是在钛条上的预钻孔上进行的。所有测试均是在Megatap II(Micro-electronischeGerate有限公司)上进行的。
4机械工具-英国福斯公司(Fuchs UK)。这一测试是在英国福斯公司的机械工具测试设备上,基于OEM航空航天金属加工测试方案来进行的。所述方法基于利用整体硬质合金立铣刀对钛合金进行研磨。以5分钟的切割时间间隔在立体显微镜下测量工具磨损直到所述工具达到高磨损水平并且工具的切割刃破裂为止。由此可以得出工具寿命并且以切割分钟数列出。工具数据:Sandvik 16mm立铣刀R216.2416050IAK32P1620。基材:Ti6AI-4V,5级ASTM B348。测试条件:RPM:2337rpm;进给速率:972毫米/分钟;轴向切割深度:10.0mm;径向切割深度:1.0mm;切割长度:740mm;引入半径:10.0mm;引出半径:10.0mm。
5按照ABR 9-0204进行空客性能测试。
6乳液稳定性:将产品以5%在以下各项中混合:(1)自来水(125ppm Ca)、(2)含有500ppm Ca的水、(3)含有500ppm Mg的水、以及(4)含有1,000ppm Ca的水,并且将所有样品静置24小时。当在底部形成沉淀物或在顶部观测到浮渣时,认为所述产品在所示的水硬度下是不合适的。性能评价:优异(在所有硬度(1)、(2)、(3)、(4)中稳定);良好(在(1)、(2)以及(3)中稳定);以及尚可(在(1)和(2)中稳定)。
7泡沫控制:测试——在自来水(125ppm Ca)中以5%制备300ml的乳液,并且在韦林氏共混机(Waring Blender)中以高速共混1分钟。立即将流体倒入1000ml量筒中,并且测量泡沫高度。在停止共混之后2分钟再次测量泡沫高度。性能评价:优异的泡沫控制(<20ml泡沫);良好(<50ml泡沫);以及尚可(<100ml)。
8铸铁腐蚀:将产品以所示的浓度(1%、2%、3%以及4%)在自来水(<25ppm氯化物)中混合。然后将混合物施涂到ASTM铸铁片上并且放置在滤纸上,覆盖2小时,然后将覆盖物去除并且使混合物干燥过夜。性能评价:优异(在2%下未展现出锈蚀);良好(在3%下未展现出锈蚀);以及尚可(在4%下未展现出锈蚀)。
9非铁生锈:对非铁样品进行机械砂磨,储存于丙酮中,然后在以10%在自来水(约120ppm硬度)中混合的产品中浸泡20小时。
10拒污油能力:将95mL产品以5%在自来水(125ppm Ca)中与5mL液压流体(RenolinAW 68)混合,然后在韦林氏共混机中以高速共混1分钟。立即将流体倒入100ml量筒中,并且使其静置24小时。读数由流体顶部的油和膏状物构成。性能评价:优异的拒污油性能(3ml油层和1ml膏状物层);良好(2ml油层和1ml膏状物层)。
11残余物洗掉测试:将产品在自来水(Ca 125ppm)中的50ml乳液在烘箱中在48.8℃下在皮氏培养皿(petri dish)中放置24小时。记录在24小时后残余物的外观,然后在水龙头下使用冷水洗掉。性能评价:优异(柔软/部分流体、快速洗掉、无残余物);良好(柔软/部分流体、缓慢洗掉,但在洗掉后无残余物);以及尚可(部分流体/粘性、缓慢、不完全洗掉)。
12FLC测试#:再循环测试:这是一种用以确定产品将在再循环机械加工贮槽中表现如何的测试。将产品在去离子水(2L)中的10%稀释液放入4升烧杯中。然后使用泵和软管,使产品再循环。每30分钟,添加100ppm硬度直到总共300ppm的硬度(呈钙的形式)。然后每天使流体再循环(晚上关闭),持续3周。性能评价:优异(在整个测试期间乳液保持稳定,低泡沫。无不稳定或无不溶性皂形成);良好(有些乳液不稳定、中度泡沫以及不溶性皂形成);尚可(中度不稳定、泡沫增加以及不溶性皂形成);以及不良(破乳、高泡沫以及重不溶性皂形成)。
13浓缩物稳定性:将20ml的产品放入3个单独的小瓶中,然后将不同的小瓶***a)设定在48.8℃的烘箱中以及b)设定在4.4℃的冷藏箱中以及c)设定在-18℃的冷冻机中。每天检查小瓶的浓缩物稳定性。每天取出冷冻机中的样品并且使其升温到室温,之后记录稳定性。稳定性测试通常进行5天。任何目视分离、析出或混浊均被认为是不稳定问题。结果:产品展现出优异的浓缩物稳定性,其中在烘箱中出现非常轻微的颜色变深。产品将冻硬,但在回到室温后,在无需搅拌的情况下变得透亮并且澄清。
虽然已说明并且描述了某些实施方案,但应当了解的是,可以在其中根据本领域的普通技术作出变化和修改而不在更广泛的方面背离如以下权利要求书中所限定的技术。
本文说明性地描述的实施方案可以在不存在本文未具体公开的任何一个或多个要素、一个或多个限制条件的情况下适当地实施。因此,举例来说,术语“包含”、“包括”、“含有”等应当被宽泛地并且不加限制地解读。此外,本文所用的术语和表达已被用作描述性术语而非限制性术语,并且并不意图在使用这些术语和表达时排除所示的以及所述的特征或其部分的任何等同方案,但应当认识到各种修改方案在要求保护的技术的范围内是可能的。此外,短语“基本上由……组成”将被理解为包括那些被具体叙述的要素以及那些并不会实质上影响要求保护的技术的基本特征和新颖性特征的另外的要素。短语“由……组成”不包括任何未指明的要素。
本公开并不限于本申请中所描述的具体实施方案。可以作出许多修改和变化而不背离本发明的精神和范围,如将对于本领域技术人员来说显而易见的那样。除了本文所列举的那些之外,根据上述说明,在本公开的范围内的功能上等同的方法和组合物对于本领域技术人员来说将是显而易见的。这些修改和变化意图落入所附的权利要求书的范围内。本公开将仅受所附的权利要求书以及这些权利要求有权享有的等同方案的全部范围的限制。应当理解的是,本公开不限于具体的方法、试剂、化合物、组合物或生物***,它们当然可以发生变化。还应当理解的是,本文所用的术语仅仅为了实现描述具体实施方案的目的,而并非意在具有限制性。
此外,在本公开的特征或方面以马库什组(Markush group)来描述的情况下,本领域技术人员将认识到,本公开因此同样以马库什组的任何单个成员或成员的子组来描述。
如将由本领域技术人员所了解的那样,出于任何和所有目的,特别是就提供书面的说明而言,本文公开的所有范围还涵盖其任何和所有可能的子范围和子范围的组合。任何所列的范围可以被容易地认为是充分地描述了相同的范围并且使得该范围能够被分成至少二等份、三等份、四等份、五等份、十等份等。作为非限制性实例,本文所论述的每一个范围可以容易地被分成下三分之一、中间的三分之一以及上三分之一等。如还将由本领域技术人员所了解,诸如“最多”、“至少”、“大于”、“小于”等所有措辞均包括所叙述的数字并且指的是可以随后被分成如上文所述的子范围的范围。最终,如将由本领域技术人员所了解,范围包括每一个单个成员。
本说明书中所提到的所有出版物、专利申请、授权的专利以及其它文献均以引用的方式并入本文,如同每一篇单独的出版物、专利申请、授权的专利、或其它文献被具体地并且单独地指示为以引用的方式整体并入本文一般。在以引用的方式并入的文字部分中所含的定义与本公开中的定义矛盾的情况下,将它们排除在外。
其它实施方案阐述于以下权利要求书中。
Claims (39)
1.一种添加剂组合物,所述添加剂组合物包含:
长链伯胺;
环烷基叔胺;以及
氨基酸;
其中所述添加剂组合物不含硼并且不含仲胺,以及
所述长链伯胺:环烷基叔胺:氨基酸的重量比为0.2-1:0.2-1:0.2-1。
2.如权利要求1所述的添加剂组合物,其中所述长链伯胺是C8-C24伯胺。
3.如权利要求1所述的添加剂组合物,其中所述环烷基叔胺是乙氧基化环烷基叔胺,所述乙氧基化环烷基叔胺选自包括二(乙醇)环戊胺、二(乙醇)环己胺、二(乙醇)环庚胺、二环戊基(乙醇)胺和/或二环己基(乙醇)胺的组。
4.如权利要求1所述的添加剂组合物,其中所述氨基酸具有式NH2CHR2CO2H,其中R2是H或烷基。
5.如权利要求4所述的添加剂组合物,其中R2是H或C1-C4烷基。
6.如权利要求1所述的添加剂组合物,其中所述氨基酸是丙氨酸、精氨酸、天冬酰胺、天冬氨酸、半胱氨酸、谷氨酰胺、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、组氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、甲硫氨酸、苯丙氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、酪氨酸或缬氨酸。
7.如权利要求1所述的添加剂组合物,其中所述氨基酸是甘氨酸、赖氨酸或天冬氨酸。
8.一种处理流体,所述处理流体包含:
石油基或非石油基油类;
1重量%至50重量%的水;
1重量%至5重量%的长链伯胺;
1重量%至5重量%的环烷基叔胺;以及
1重量%至5重量%的氨基酸;
其中所述处理流体不含硼并且不含仲胺。
9.如权利要求8所述的处理流体,其中所述长链伯胺是C8-C24伯胺。
10.如权利要求8所述的处理流体,其中所述长链伯胺包括辛胺、壬胺、癸胺、十一胺、十二胺、十三胺、十四胺、十五胺、十六胺、十七胺或十八胺。
11.如权利要求8所述的处理流体,其中所述环烷基叔胺是乙氧基化环烷基叔胺,所述乙氧基化环烷基叔胺选自二(乙醇)环戊胺、二(乙醇)环己胺、二(乙醇)环庚胺、二环戊基(乙醇)胺或二环己基(乙醇)胺。
12.如权利要求8所述的处理流体,其中所述氨基酸具有式NH2CHR2CO2H,其中R2是H、烷基或芳基。
13.如权利要求12所述的处理流体,其中R2是H、C1-C4烷基或C6-C12烷基。
14.如权利要求8所述的处理流体,其中所述氨基酸是丙氨酸、精氨酸、天冬酰胺、天冬氨酸、半胱氨酸、谷氨酰胺、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、组氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、甲硫氨酸、苯丙氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、酪氨酸或缬氨酸。
15.如权利要求8所述的处理流体,其中所述氨基酸是甘氨酸、赖氨酸或天冬氨酸。
16.如权利要求8所述的处理流体,所述处理流体还包含链烷醇胺。
17.如权利要求16所述的处理流体,其中所述链烷醇胺包括甲醇胺、乙醇胺、丙醇胺、三甲醇胺、三乙醇胺、三丙醇胺、甲基二甲醇胺、乙基二甲醇胺、丙基二甲醇胺、环己基二甲醇胺、甲基二乙醇胺、乙基二乙醇胺或丙基二乙醇胺。
18.如权利要求8所述的处理流体,所述处理流体还包含聚合脂肪酸。
19.如权利要求18所述的处理流体,其中所述聚合脂肪酸是衍生自蓖麻油的聚合蓖麻酸,或衍生自大豆油或亚麻籽油的聚合脂肪酸。
20.如权利要求8所述的处理流体,所述处理流体包含所述石油基油类。
21.如权利要求20所述的处理流体,其中所述石油基油类是精炼的环烷油或石蜡油。
22.如权利要求8所述的处理流体,所述处理流体包含所述非石油基油类。
23.如权利要求22所述的处理流体,其中所述非石油基油类是植物油、合成酯、聚α-烯烃、聚亚烷基二醇、或脂肪油。
24.如权利要求8所述的处理流体,所述处理流体还包含磷酸酯和/或乙氧基化脂肪胺。
25.如权利要求24所述的处理流体,所述处理流体包含所述磷酸酯,所述磷酸酯具有下式:[R4(CH2CH2O)n]aP(O)[OX]b,其中R4是C6-C30烷基、苯基、(C1-C10烷基)苯基或(C1-C10二烷基)苯基;X是H、铵、四烷基铵、胺或金属,所述金属选自由以下各项组成的组:Li、Na、K、Rb、Cu、Ag、Au、Be、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba、Zn、Cd以及Hg;n是0至50;a是1、2或3;并且b是0、1或2,条件是a和b的总和是3。
26.如权利要求25所述的处理流体,其中所述磷酸酯是聚乙二醇单油基醚磷酸酯、聚乙二醇单C12-C15醇醚磷酸酯或聚乙二醇单C10-C14醇醚磷酸酯。
27.如权利要求26所述的处理流体,所述处理流体包含所述乙氧基化脂肪胺,其中所述乙氧基化脂肪胺是环氧乙烷与脂肪胺的反应产物,所述乙氧基化脂肪胺具有式R3N[(CH2CH2O)mH][(CH2CH2O)nH],其中R3是椰油烷基、牛脂或硬脂基、油基,m是2至20,包括端值在内;并且n是2至20,包括端值在内。
28.如权利要求27所述的处理流体,其中所述乙氧基化的脂肪胺是聚氧乙烯椰油胺、双-(2-羟乙基)异十三烷氧基丙胺或N-牛脂-聚(3)氧乙烯-1,3-二氨基丙烷。
29.如权利要求8所述的处理流体,所述处理流体还包含烃基丁二酰亚胺。
30.如权利要求29所述的处理流体,其中所述烃基丁二酰亚胺包括具有500至3000道尔顿的分子量的聚异丁烯与顺丁烯二酸酐的反应产物。
31.如权利要求8所述的处理流体,所述处理流体还包含含硫化合物。
32.如权利要求31所述的处理流体,其中所述含硫化合物是元素硫、硫化矿物油或下式的化合物:
其中:R1是H、SO4、NH2、CH3、COOH、OCH3或OCH2CH3。
33.如权利要求8所述的处理流体,所述处理流体包含含硫化合物和磷酸酯,其中所述磷酸酯与所述含硫化合物中的所述硫的重量比是25:1至1:1。
34.如权利要求8所述的处理流体,所述处理流体还包含脂族羧酸或脂族二羧酸。
35.如权利要求34所述的处理流体,其中所述脂族一羧酸或二羧酸是C7-C25一羧酸或二羧酸。
36.如权利要求34所述的处理流体,其中所述脂族一羧酸或二羧酸是己酸、庚酸、辛酸、羊脂酸、异壬酸、新癸酸、杜鹃花酸、癸酸、十一烷酸、皮脂酸、壬酸、十二烷酸、十四烷酸、十六烷酸、十八烷酸、二十烷酸、二十二烷酸、十二碳烯酸、十四碳烯酸、十六碳烯酸、十八碳烯酸、二十碳烯酸、二十二碳烯酸、十八碳三烯酸、辛二酸、壬二酸、蓖麻酸、癸二酸、十一烷二酸、十二烷二酸、十三烷二酸、十四烷二酸、十五烷二酸、十六烷二酸、十七烷二酸、十八烷二酸、十九烷二酸、二十烷二酸、二十二烷二酸、山嵛酸、松香酸或芥酸。
37.如权利要求8述的处理流体,所述处理流体还包含包括消泡剂、腐蚀抑制剂或嗅剂的添加剂。
38.如权利要求8所述的处理流体,所述处理流体具有至少9的pH值。
39.如权利要求8所述的处理流体,所述处理流体具有9至12的pH值。
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CN111886326B (zh) * | 2018-03-30 | 2023-06-06 | 出光兴产株式会社 | 水溶性金属加工油剂和金属加工方法 |
CN108558786B (zh) * | 2018-06-21 | 2020-09-25 | 武汉工程大学 | 一种润滑油减摩抗磨添加剂及其应用 |
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CN111378519A (zh) * | 2018-12-27 | 2020-07-07 | 膳魔师(江苏)家庭制品有限公司 | 一种水涨液的制备方法 |
CN113993978B (zh) * | 2019-06-28 | 2024-07-05 | 出光兴产株式会社 | 金属加工油 |
EP4098726A1 (en) * | 2021-06-01 | 2022-12-07 | Cipelia | Use of at least one amphipatic biosurfactant as an alkaline corrosion inhibitor |
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