CN105218196B - A kind of shrivelled kernel machine transplanting of rice seedling raising ground substance and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of shrivelled kernel machine transplanting of rice seedling raising ground substance and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of shrivelled kernel machine transplanting of rice seedling raising ground substance, the mixture being made of primary shrivelled kernel matrix and auxiliary material；The mixture that is made of decomposed shrivelled kernel, peat soil and soil of primary shrivelled kernel matrix, each component ratio is calculated as with volume parts in mixture：3~5 parts of decomposed shrivelled kernel, 1~2 part of peat soil, 2~3 parts of soil；The auxiliary material is ammonium sulfate or the vulcanization water solution or quick lime of 120g/L；The decomposed shrivelled kernel is to pass through substance made of fermentation maturity the mixture of shrivelled kernel raw material, quick lime and saccharomycete；The unit weight of the shrivelled kernel machine transplanting of rice seedling raising ground substance is 0.65 0.85g/cm3, pH value is 7.0 7.5.The shrivelled kernel machine transplanting of rice seedling raising ground substance utilizes local raw material, at low cost, high-quality, invention also provides the production method of the shrivelled kernel machine transplanting of rice seedling raising ground substance, which has easy to operate, safety and environmental protection, the features such as being easy to large-scale production, convenient for being promoted and applied in the medium South China in osmanthus.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to raising rice seedlings technical field, especially a kind of shrivelled kernel machine transplanting of rice seedling raising ground substance and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Currently, the production of rice entire mechanization becomes trend, rice mechanized transplant rapidly develops, but in medium south China, osmanthus
There is also problems for area's rice mechanical transplanting seedling, become the bottleneck of whole rice mechanization production, main problem is rice machine
Insert the problem of selecting of seedling raising ground substance：
One, use local Nutrition Soil for the deficiency of seedling raising ground substance：
（1）Liuzhou City and south China part area, rice mechanical transplanting seedling mainly use Nutrition Soil seedling raising method, battalion at present
It is especially big to support the working strength that fetches earth in soil seedlings link, causes cost excessively high；（2）It such as takes topsoil and makees Nutrition Soil, fertilizer
Effect is preferable, but poisoning crop smothering is serious, and disinfection is difficult, and farming damage layer is serious, restores difficult, interests are narrow and shallow；（3）Such as take deep layer
Soil makees Nutrition Soil, and soil property is barren, and organic matter is few, and supplement chemical fertilizer easily burns bud, burn seedlings again；（4）Soil property is showed with Nutrition Soil majority
Too glutinous, the content of organic matter is low, and internal porosity is insufficient, and specific retention is low, and rice shoot is easily dehydrated, while leakiness is inserted when the machine transplanting of rice；（5）It adopts
Use Nutrition Soil as machine transplanting of rice seedling raising ground substance, the rice shoot weight of incubation is too heavy, transport difficult, and non-renewable etc. the system of Nutrition Soil
About rice planting technology is quick universal.
Two, using nonlocal finished product seedling raising ground substance there are the problem of：
1, the ground such as Jiangsu, Shandong finished product seedling raising ground substance（Hereinafter referred to as finished substrate）Liuzhou City's use is maneuvered into the process to go out
It is now following insufficient：（1）It is the ground finished substrates such as Jiangsu, Shandong to show preferable finished substrate majority currently on the market, is maneuvered into
Up to Liuzhou City, 54-64 is first per acre, and seedling enterprise large-scale use cost is excessively high, dare not largely use；（2）It is used in Liuzhou City,
Since climate temperature is high, humidity is big, rice shoot seedling age is short（It at 15-20 days Liuzhou City's length of time rice seedlings grow, is lengthened toward the north time, Jiangsu was up to 30 days left sides
It is right）, seedling shows as the root system insufficient total amount of rice shoot, and root system package is bad, it is difficult to form blanket, in transport and upper rice transplanter mistake
It easily causes Seedling body fracture even broken in journey, is unfavorable for the development of rice transplanting operation；（3）The ground such as Jiangsu, Shandong finished substrate is held
It kicks the beam again low with viscosity, matrix is easily scattered after meeting water, is caused drift seedling, is affected the quality of machine transplanting of rice operation, reducing peasant makes
With the enthusiasm of rice transplanter, to influence, Rice Production entire mechanization is universal and process.
2, the medium South China in osmanthus prepares the deficiency of matrix using northern raw material：（1）The medium South China in osmanthus is most at present
The preparation of matrix needs to add vermiculite, perlite, it is necessary to be bought from the north；Due to transportation cost problem, than using Jiangsu, Shandong
Etc. ground finished substrate cost reduction less than 15%；（2）Nutrient is few contained by vermiculite, perlite etc., needs that the progress of part chemical fertilizer is added
Stirring, still have burn bud, burn seedlings hidden danger, while pollution problem of the use to environment of chemical fertilizer can not be alleviated；（3）Vermiculite, treasure
Zhu Yan etc. is non-renewable raw material, and long-term excessive use will certainly cause harmful effect to environment.
Invention content
In view of the problems of the existing technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of shrivelled kernel machine transplanting of rice seedling raising ground substance, this is flat
Paddy machine transplanting of rice seedling raising ground substance is using local raw material, at low cost, high-quality, and invention also provides the shrivelled kernel machine transplanting of rice seedling raising ground substances
Production method, which has easy to operate, safety and environmental protection, the features such as being easy to large-scale production, convenient in the medium China in osmanthus
Southern area promotes and applies.
Technical proposal that the invention solves the above-mentioned problems is：A kind of shrivelled kernel machine transplanting of rice seedling raising ground substance is by primary shrivelled kernel matrix
With the mixture of auxiliary material composition；
The mixture that is made of decomposed shrivelled kernel, peat soil and soil of primary shrivelled kernel matrix, each component in mixture
Ratio is calculated as with volume parts：
3~5 parts of decomposed shrivelled kernel, 1~2 part of peat soil, 2~3 parts of soil；
The auxiliary material is ammonium sulfate or the vulcanization water solution or quick lime of 120g/L；
The decomposed shrivelled kernel is to pass through object made of fermentation maturity the mixture of shrivelled kernel raw material, quick lime and saccharomycete
Matter；
The unit weight of the shrivelled kernel machine transplanting of rice seedling raising ground substance is 0.65-0.85g/cm3, pH value 7.0-7.5.
Its further technical solution is：The auxiliary material further include seaweeds, humic acid, holder element and cycocel among
It is one or more kinds of.
Its further technical solution is：The soil is the sandy loam on mound ridge surface layer, which is graininess knot
Structure, granularity are less than, are equal to 0.8cm；The peat soil is commercially available finished product peat soil.
Relevant another technical solution is：A kind of production method of shrivelled kernel machine transplanting of rice seedling raising ground substance, it is main that it, which is with shrivelled kernel,
Quick lime is added in raw material and decomposed shrivelled kernel is made in appropriate saccharomycete water by fermentation, along with peat soil and soil and auxiliary material system
At mixture, the unit weight of the mixture is 0.65-0.85g/cm3, pH value 7.0-7.5；Its production method includes following
Step：
A, the pre-treatment of decomposed shrivelled kernel and soil is produced：
A1, decomposed shrivelled kernel is produced：A certain proportion of quick lime and the mixing of appropriate saccharomycete water are added in shrivelled kernel raw material, stirs
Mix and be uniformly positioned over special place, covered and fermented with film, decomposed 90 days of stack retting or more, through dry it is broken, cross 0.8cm steel and screen out
It is miscellaneous, obtain decomposed shrivelled kernel；The ratio by mass portion rate of shrivelled kernel raw material and quick lime is：
Shrivelled kernel raw material：100 parts；
Quick lime：0.3~1.0 part；
The pre-treatment of A2, soil：Fetch earth the sandy loam on the surface layers Qiu Ling, is stacked 2 years or more after fetching earth, the used time is through 0.8cm
Steel is sieved through sieve extracting screen underflow, keeps nutty structure；
B, primary shrivelled kernel matrix is produced：
It is by volume parts by decomposed shrivelled kernel, peat soil and soil：3~5 parts of decomposed shrivelled kernel, 1~2 part of peat soil, soil 2
~3 parts of ratio is puddled uniformly, and primary shrivelled kernel matrix is obtained；
C, finished product shrivelled kernel machine transplanting of rice seedling raising ground substance is prepared：
C1, Volume-weight Determination and fine tuning：Volume-weight Determination is carried out to primary shrivelled kernel matrix, if measurement result is undesirable, then
Decomposed shrivelled kernel, peat soil or soil are added in primary shrivelled kernel matrix to be finely adjusted, and shrivelled kernel matrix unit weight is made to reach 0.65-
0.85g/cm3；
C2, acid-base value measure and fine tuning：PH value measurement is carried out again to the primary shrivelled kernel matrix after Volume-weight Determination qualification, if holding
Resurvey it is fixed it is qualified after primary shrivelled kernel matrix pH value it is undesirable, then add auxiliary material-ammonium sulfate or 120g/L again
Vulcanize water solution or quick lime, by its pH value adjustment to 7.0-7.5；
After Volume-weight Determination and fine tuning and acid-base value are measured and are finely tuned, the primary shrivelled kernel base of unit weight and pH value all qualifications
Matter is finished product shrivelled kernel machine transplanting of rice seedling raising ground substance.
A kind of further technical characteristic of the production method of shrivelled kernel machine transplanting of rice seedling raising ground substance is：According to cultivation rice shoot season
The difference of section, temperature or kind in B, produces addition seaweeds in primary shrivelled kernel matrix step, humic acid, holder element and short strong
It is one or more kinds of in element；Its dosage is calculated by the description of product and is used.
Due to the adoption of the above technical scheme, a kind of shrivelled kernel machine transplanting of rice seedling raising ground substance of the present invention and preparation method thereof has following spy
Point and advantageous effect：
One, since the shrivelled kernel machine transplanting of rice seedling raising ground substance of the present invention is that quick lime and appropriate yeast is added by primary raw material of shrivelled kernel
Decomposed shrivelled kernel is made in bacterium water mixed fermentation, adds the spy brought therefrom made of peat soil and soil and auxiliary material
Point and advantage are：
1, organic nutrient increases in matrix：Shrivelled kernel is subjected to pile fermentation using the technology of the present invention, it is decomposed after shrivelled kernel increase
Organic manure content is added, has been the good Source Organic Matter of matrix；
2, material environmental protection, safety：Meeting during raw material shrivelled kernel progress pile fermentation reaches 45-80 DEG C of high temperature, raw material
It is decomposed to reach disinfection, reduces the use of disinfection drug, reduces cost, reduce the pollution to environment.
3, shrivelled kernel material is conveniently easy to get, and turns waste into wealth：Current rice drying technology is developed faster, in rice drying
Much discarded shrivelled kernel shell will be generated in the process and paddy hair dust recycles, while state-owned grain depot is in paddy acquisition process
Removal of impurities will also generate much discarded shrivelled kernel shell and need to recycle, and mostly use the method for burning when handling these wastes originally,
It is serious to polluted environment；It is recycled now for it by seedling enterprise or Rice Cropping rich and influential family, voluntarily shrivelled kernel machine is made in stack retting
Seedling raising ground substance is inserted, is turned waste into wealth；Realize enterprise, grain depot, environment tripartite's win-win situation；The cleaning rural area proposed with current country
Engineering is identical.
Two, shrivelled kernel machine transplanting of rice seedling raising ground substance of the present invention is high-quality, organic nutrient increase, have water conservation, fertilizer conservation, breathe freely, strong sprout,
Therefore the advantages that virus-free weeds, is used for seedling, has the following advantages：
1, the seedling quality of seedlings improves：The rice shoot brought out using shrivelled kernel machine transplanting of rice seedling raising ground substance of the present invention, root system is more, robust seedling；
3% or so are improved with well-known finished substrate comparison seedling planting percents in ground such as Jiangsu, Shandong；Rice shoot dry matter content improves 4% or so.
2, the resistance and quality of rice shoot are increased：As previously mentioned, having good organic nutrient after shrivelled kernel is decomposed, can make
Seedling growth is more healthy and stronger, and premunition, resistance improve, to improve the quality of rice shoot and produce the quality of paddy.
3, the rice shoot knot blanket brought out with shrivelled kernel machine transplanting of rice seedling raising ground substance of the present invention is good：Shrivelled kernel machine transplanting of rice seedling raising ground substance unit weight of the present invention
50% or so is improved than the ground such as Jiangsu, Shandong finished substrate, reduces 40% or so than Nutrition Soil, makes up overcome river respectively
The deficiency of the ground such as Soviet Union, Shandong finished substrate, osmanthus medium South China's matrix and Nutrition Soil.
4, rice shoot is improved benefit convenient for transporting：Single transport quantity and machine transplanting of rice quality are improved, machine transplanting of rice operating efficiency is improved,
Reduce seedling cost.
Three, the major advantage of shrivelled kernel machine transplanting of rice seedling raising ground substance production method of the present invention：
1, matrix cost is prepared to substantially reduce：Shrivelled kernel machine transplanting of rice seedling raising ground substance raw material of the present invention is made all by locally solving
Certainly, at low cost, by measuring and calculating, about 25 yuan of cost per acre is saved than using the ground such as Jiangsu, Shandong finished substrate cost
50% or so, solve the medium South China's rice planting technology seedling raising ground substance cost in osmanthus is excessively high, prepares basic material source deficiency etc.
Problem.
2, substraturn approach safety, environmental protection are made：After this technology is handled, the increase of various organic nutrients can subtract shrivelled kernel
The usage amount for having lacked chemical fertilizer reduces the pollution of environment, reduce burn bud, burn seedlings risk.
3, present invention making substraturn approach is easy to operate, and peasant household is easy to grasp, and is answered convenient for being promoted in the medium South China in osmanthus
With.
With reference to embodiment to the technical characteristic of " a kind of shrivelled kernel machine transplanting of rice seedling raising ground substance and preparation method thereof " of the present invention
It is described further.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the production method flow chart of shrivelled kernel machine transplanting of rice seedling raising ground substance of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the detail flowchart that the present invention makes shrivelled kernel machine transplanting of rice seedling raising ground substance by primary raw material of shrivelled kernel.
Specific implementation mode
Embodiment one：
A kind of shrivelled kernel machine transplanting of rice seedling raising ground substance, the mixture being made of primary shrivelled kernel matrix and auxiliary material；
The mixture that is made of decomposed shrivelled kernel, peat soil and soil of primary shrivelled kernel matrix, each component in mixture
Ratio is calculated as with volume parts：
3.5 parts of decomposed shrivelled kernel, 1 part of peat soil, 2.5 parts of soil；
The auxiliary material is ammonium sulfate or the vulcanization water solution or quick lime of 120g/L；
The decomposed shrivelled kernel is to pass through object made of fermentation maturity the mixture of shrivelled kernel raw material, quick lime and saccharomycete
Matter；
The unit weight of the shrivelled kernel machine transplanting of rice seedling raising ground substance is 0.65-0.85g/cm3, pH value 7.0-7.5, neutral meta-alkali
Property.
The auxiliary material further includes one or more kinds of among seaweeds, humic acid, holder element and cycocel.
The soil is the sandy loam on mound ridge surface layer, which is nutty structure, and granularity is less than, is equal to 0.8cm；
The peat soil is commercially available finished product peat soil.
A kind of production method of above-mentioned shrivelled kernel machine transplanting of rice seedling raising ground substance, it is that quick lime is added as primary raw material using shrivelled kernel and fits
Decomposed shrivelled kernel is made in amount saccharomycete water mixed fermentation, should along with mixture made of peat soil and soil and auxiliary material
The unit weight of mixture is 0.65-0.85g/cm3, pH value 7.0-7.5；Its production method includes the following steps：
A, the pre-treatment of decomposed shrivelled kernel and soil is produced：
A1, decomposed shrivelled kernel is produced：A certain proportion of quick lime and the mixing of appropriate saccharomycete water are added in shrivelled kernel raw material, stirs
Mix and be uniformly positioned over special place, covered and fermented with film, decomposed 90 days of stack retting or more, through dry it is broken, cross 0.8cm steel and screen out
It is miscellaneous, obtain decomposed shrivelled kernel；Saccharomycete can carry out proportioning use according to actual conditions by commercial product specification and water, and shrivelled kernel is former
Expect and the ratio by mass portion rate of quick lime is：
Shrivelled kernel raw material：100 parts；
Quick lime：0.3~1.0 part；
The pre-treatment of A2, soil：Fetch earth the sandy loam on the surface layers Qiu Ling, is stacked 2 years or more after fetching earth, the used time is through 0.8cm
Steel is sieved through sieve extracting screen underflow, keeps nutty structure；
B, primary shrivelled kernel matrix is produced：
It is by volume parts by decomposed shrivelled kernel, peat soil and soil：3.5 parts of decomposed shrivelled kernel, 1 part of peat soil, 2.5 parts of soil
Ratio puddle uniformly, obtain primary shrivelled kernel matrix；
C, finished product shrivelled kernel machine transplanting of rice seedling raising ground substance is prepared：
C1, Volume-weight Determination and fine tuning：Volume-weight Determination is carried out to primary shrivelled kernel matrix, if measurement result is undesirable, then
Decomposed shrivelled kernel, peat soil or soil are added in primary shrivelled kernel matrix to be finely adjusted, and shrivelled kernel matrix unit weight is made to reach 0.65-
0.85g/cm3；Method of adjustment is：If value of bulk density is smaller, peat soil can be added or soil is finely adjusted and makes up to required value,
If value of bulk density is larger, decomposed shrivelled kernel is added and is finely adjusted making up to required value；
C2, acid-base value measure and fine tuning：PH value measurement is carried out again to the primary shrivelled kernel matrix after Volume-weight Determination qualification, if holding
Resurvey it is fixed it is qualified after primary shrivelled kernel matrix pH value it is undesirable, then add auxiliary material-ammonium sulfate or 120g/L again
Vulcanize water solution or quick lime, by its pH value adjustment to 7.0-7.5；Method of adjustment is：If pH value is less than normal, raw stone can be added
Ash, which is finely adjusted, makes up to required value, if pH value is bigger than normal, the vulcanization water solution that can add ammonium sulfate or 120g/L carries out
Fine tuning makes up to required value；
After Volume-weight Determination and fine tuning and acid-base value are measured and are finely tuned, the primary shrivelled kernel base of unit weight and pH value all qualifications
Matter is finished product shrivelled kernel machine transplanting of rice seedling raising ground substance.
According to rice shoot season, temperature, the difference of kind is cultivated, in B, produces and add seaweed in primary shrivelled kernel matrix step
It is one or more kinds of in element, humic acid, holder element or cycocel；These auxiliary materials are existing product, on the market
It can buy, application method and dosage do not provide herein referring to each product description.
Two~embodiment of embodiment five：
Two~embodiment of embodiment five is a kind of transformation of the embodiment of the present invention one, is formed each in primary shrivelled kernel matrix
Component ratio compared with embodiment one, can also be increased or decreased with volume parts, and the value range of general each component is：
3~5 parts of decomposed shrivelled kernel, 1~2 part of peat soil, 2~3 parts of soil；The value of each embodiment is referring to subordinate list one：《Implement
In one~embodiment of example five in the primary shrivelled kernel matrix of the shrivelled kernel machine transplanting of rice seedling raising ground substance each component dosage list》；
Each component dosage is also not limited only to the data that subordinate list one is listed in " shrivelled kernel machine transplanting of rice seedling raising ground substance " of the invention, as long as
In the range of description of the invention or claims are recorded.
For each embodiment, in A1, decomposed shrivelled kernel step is produced：It is added in shrivelled kernel raw material a certain proportion of
Quick lime and the mixing of appropriate saccharomycete water, the general value range of ratio by mass portion rate of wherein shrivelled kernel raw material and quick lime
It is：
Shrivelled kernel raw material：100 parts；
Quick lime：0.3~1.0 part；
Referring to subordinate list two：《Produce the dosage list of shrivelled kernel raw material and quick lime in decomposed shrivelled kernel step》.
Subordinate list one：
The dosage of each component is had a guide look of in the primary shrivelled kernel matrix of shrivelled kernel machine transplanting of rice seedling raising ground substance in one~embodiment of embodiment five
Table
Subordinate list two：Make the shrivelled kernel raw material of decomposed shrivelled kernel and the dosage list of quick lime
Claims (5)
1. a kind of shrivelled kernel machine transplanting of rice seedling raising ground substance, it is characterised in that：The shrivelled kernel machine transplanting of rice seedling raising ground substance is by primary shrivelled kernel matrix and auxiliary
The mixture for helping material to form；
The mixture that is made of decomposed shrivelled kernel, peat soil and soil of primary shrivelled kernel matrix, each component ratio in mixture
It is calculated as with volume parts：
3~5 parts of decomposed shrivelled kernel, 1~2 part of peat soil, 2~3 parts of soil；
The auxiliary material is ammonium sulfate or the vulcanization water solution or quick lime of 120g/L；
The decomposed shrivelled kernel is to pass through substance made of fermentation maturity the mixture of shrivelled kernel raw material, quick lime and saccharomycete；
The unit weight of the shrivelled kernel machine transplanting of rice seedling raising ground substance is 0.65-0.85g/cm3, pH value 7.0-7.5.
2. a kind of shrivelled kernel machine transplanting of rice seedling raising ground substance according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The auxiliary material further includes sea
It is one or more kinds of among algae element, humic acid, brassin and cycocel.
3. a kind of shrivelled kernel machine transplanting of rice seedling raising ground substance according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The soil is mound ridge surface layer
Sandy loam, which is nutty structure, and granularity is less than, is equal to 0.8cm；The peat soil is commercially available finished product peat soil.
4. a kind of production method of shrivelled kernel machine transplanting of rice seedling raising ground substance described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is based on shrivelled kernel
Want raw material addition quick lime and appropriate saccharomycete water by fermentation that decomposed shrivelled kernel is made, along with peat soil and soil and auxiliary material
The unit weight of manufactured mixture, the mixture is 0.65-0.85g/cm3, pH value 7.0-7.5；Its production method include with
Lower step：
A, the pre-treatment of decomposed shrivelled kernel and soil is produced：
A1, decomposed shrivelled kernel is produced：A certain proportion of quick lime and the mixing of appropriate saccharomycete water are added in shrivelled kernel raw material, stirring is equal
It is even to be positioned over special place, covered and fermented with film, decomposed 90 days of stack retting or more, through dry it is broken, cross 0.8cm steel screen out it is miscellaneous,
Obtain decomposed shrivelled kernel；The ratio by mass portion rate of shrivelled kernel raw material and quick lime is：
Shrivelled kernel raw material：100 parts；
Quick lime：0.3~1.0 part；
The pre-treatment of A2, soil：Fetch earth the sandy loam on the surface layers Qiu Ling, is stacked 2 years or more after fetching earth, and the used time sieves through 0.8cm steel
Be sieved extracting screen underflow, keeps nutty structure；
B, primary shrivelled kernel matrix is produced：
It is by volume parts by decomposed shrivelled kernel, peat soil and soil：3~5 parts of decomposed shrivelled kernel, 1~2 part of peat soil, soil 2~3
The ratio of part is puddled uniformly, and primary shrivelled kernel matrix is obtained；
C, finished product shrivelled kernel machine transplanting of rice seedling raising ground substance is prepared：
C1, Volume-weight Determination and fine tuning：Volume-weight Determination is carried out to primary shrivelled kernel matrix, if measurement result is undesirable, then first
Decomposed shrivelled kernel, peat soil or soil are added in grade shrivelled kernel matrix to be finely adjusted, and primary shrivelled kernel matrix unit weight is made to reach 0.65-
0.85g/cm3；
C2, acid-base value measure and fine tuning：PH value measurement is carried out again to the primary shrivelled kernel matrix after Volume-weight Determination qualification, if unit weight is surveyed
The pH value of primary shrivelled kernel matrix after fixed qualification is undesirable, then adds auxiliary material-ammonium sulfate or the vulcanization of 120g/L again
Water solution or quick lime, by its pH value adjustment to 7.0-7.5；
After Volume-weight Determination and fine tuning and acid-base value are measured and finely tuned, the primary shrivelled kernel matrix of unit weight and pH value all qualifications is
For finished product shrivelled kernel machine transplanting of rice seedling raising ground substance.
5. a kind of production method of shrivelled kernel machine transplanting of rice seedling raising ground substance according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：According to cultivation seedling
Seedling season, temperature or kind difference, B, produce addition seaweeds in primary shrivelled kernel matrix step, humic acid, brassin and
It is one or more kinds of in cycocel；Its dosage is calculated by the description of product and is used.
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